8. Accekacīvarasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā

646. ‘‘Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, accekacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā nikkhipitu’’nti, ‘‘yāva pavāraṇā pavāritā’’ti ca yaṃ vuttaṃ, te pana bhikkhū tassa vacanassa atthaṃ micchā gahetvā accekacīvaraṃ nikkhipantā cīvarakālasamayaṃ atikkāmesuṃ. Kimidaṃ vibhattaṃ, udāhu avibhattanti? Vibhattaṃ, puggalikaṃ vā. Teneva parato ‘‘amhākaṃ, āvuso, accekacīvarānī’’ti vuttaṃ, avibhattaṃ pana saṅghikattā na kassaci nissaggiyaṃ karoti.

Apica ‘‘accekacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā nikkhipitu’’nti iminā sāmaññavacanena vassūpanāyikadivasato paṭṭhāya, piṭṭhisamayato paṭṭhāya vā yāva pavāraṇā nikkhipituṃ vaṭṭati eva saṅghikattā, puggalikampi ‘‘vassaṃvutthakāle gaṇhathā’’ti dinnattā. Tādisañhi yāva vassaṃvuttho hoti, tāva na tasseva, dāyakassa santakaṃ hoti, tathā ito tatiyavasse, catutthavasse vā ‘‘pavāraṇāya gaṇhathā’’tiādinā dinnampi nikkhipitvā yathādānameva gahetabbaṃ. Ayamattho aṭṭhakathāyaṃ (pārā. aṭṭha. 2.646-9 ādayo) pākaṭo. Tāni cīvarakālasamayātikkame na nissaggiyānīti ce? Na, uddissa dinnattā. Yasmā ayaṃ samayo ‘‘kālepi ādissa dinna’’nti ettha ‘‘kālo’’ti āgato, gaṇabhojanasikkhāpadādīsu ‘‘samayo’’tveva āgato, tasmā idha tesaṃ ekatthatādassanatthaṃ ekato ‘‘cīvarakālasamayo’’ti vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Mātikāyaṃ panettha tādisaṃ cīvaraṃ attano santakabhāvaṃ upagataṃ puggalikaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, tenevāha ‘‘bhikkhuno paneva accekacīvaraṃ uppajjeyyā’’ti. Attano kuṭiyā vassaṃvutthassa bhikkhuno hi dātuṃ alabhanto antovasse eva dānakiccaṃ pariniṭṭhāpetvā gacchati, tathā saṅghassa. Tasmā idaṃ accekacīvaraṃ atthi uppannakālato paṭṭhāya saṅghassa vā puggalassa vā santakabhāvaṃ upagacchantaṃ, yaṃ na vassāvāsikabhāvena dinnaṃ, atthi uppannakālato paṭṭhāya anupagantvā vassaṃvutthakāleyeva puggalassa vā saṅghassa vā upagacchantaṃ, yaṃ vassāvāsikabhāvena uppajjitvā samaye dinnaṃ, atthi samaye dinnampi puggalassa santakabhāvaṃ anupagacchantaṃ, saṅghasantakabhāvaṃ vā dāyakasantakabhāvaṃ vā upagacchantaṃ, īdisaṃ sandhāya ‘‘saññāṇaṃ katvā nikkhipitabba’’nti vuttaṃ. Idaṃ atirekasaṃvaccharampi nikkhipituṃ labhati attano santakabhāvaṃ anupagatattā, tasmā ‘‘dasāhānāgata’’nti ito aññaṃ sandhāya vuttanti siddhametanti. Dasāhato puretaraṃ labhitvā yāva pavāraṇā nikkhipituṃ na labhati, tasmā sakabhāvūpagatameva adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ, taṃyeva sandhāya ‘‘dasāhānāgata’’nti vuttaṃ, yato ‘‘antosamaye adhiṭṭheti, vikappetī’’ti anāpattivāre vuttaṃ. Saññāṇaṃ katvā nikkhipitabbakaṃ pana parassa dātabbatāya sakabhāvaṃ anupagataṃ, na hi taṃ sandhāya ‘‘adhiṭṭheti, vikappetī’’ti sakkā vattuṃ, na ca taṃ imasmiṃ atthe nissaggiyaṃ hoti saṅghassa nissaggiyābhāvato, aṭṭhakathāyampi ayamattho suṭṭhu pākaṭova. Katamaṃ saññāṇaṃ katvā nikkhipitabbanti ce? Parasantakaṃ cīvaraṃ saṅghikameva hoti, tato ‘‘sallakkhetvā sukhaṃ dātuṃ bhavissatī’’ti iminā hi parassa santakabhāvo dassito.

‘‘Tato paraṃ ekadivasampi parihāro natthīti dasāhaparamato uddhaṃ anupagatattā’’ti likhitaṃ, ito samayato uddhameva dasāhassa anupagatattā samayato paraṃ dasāhaṃ na labhatīti kirassa adhippāyo. ‘‘Etaṃ parihāraṃ labhatiyevā’’ti ettha ‘‘ekādasamaṃ aruṇaṃ cīvaramāse uṭṭhetī’’ti kāraṇaṃ likhitaṃ. Anugaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘anadhiṭṭhahitvā ekādasadivase nikkhipituṃ labhatī’ti vadanto bhagavā itarampi anaccekacīvarādiṃ anujānāti, accekacīvaramukhenāti apare’’ti vuttaṃ. Ettha kataraṃ subhāsitaṃ? Ubhayampīti eke. Kathaṃ? Paṭhamaṃ ‘‘accekacīvarassa anatthate kathine dasadivasādhiko māso, atthate kathine dasadivasādhikā pañcamāsā’’ti iminā sameti, anugaṇṭhipadaladdhiyā hi ettha ‘‘ekādasadivasādhiko’’ti vattabbataṃ āpajjati, dutiyaṃ ‘‘dasāhānāgatanti…pe… dasāhena asampattāti attho’’ti iminā sameti. Imassa nayassa vasena ‘‘pañcamito paṭṭhāya uppannassa cīvarassa nidhānakālo dassito hotī’’ti pāṭho yujjati. Tathā gaṇṭhipadaladdhiyā ‘‘navāhānāgataṃ kattikatemāsikapuṇṇama’’nti vattabbataṃ āpajjati, tassa vasena ‘‘kāmañcesa dasāhaparamaṃ atirekacīvaraṃ dhāretabbanti imināva siddho, aṭṭhuppattivasena pana apubbaṃ viya atthaṃ dassetvā sikkhāpadaṃ ṭhapita’’nti ayaṃ pāṭho yujjati. Ko panettha sāroti? Yo pacchā vutto, sova sāro. Teneva aṭṭhakathācariyena ‘‘pañcamito paṭṭhāyā’’ti vuttaṃ. Porāṇagaṇṭhipadehi aṭṭhakathāya ca saddhiṃ saṃsandanato, ‘‘dasāhānāgata’’nti pāḷiyā saṃsandanato ca ettha gaṇṭhipadaladdhipi pāḷiyā sameti.

Kathaṃ? Yasmā pavāraṇādivase aruṇuggamane bhikkhu vassaṃvuttho hoti, tasmā iminā dasamena ahena saddhiṃ chaṭṭhito paṭṭhāya navadivasā dasa ahānīti dasāhaṃ, tena dasāhena, sahayogatthe karaṇavacanaṃ. Kattikatemāsikapuṇṇamā cīvarasamayaṃ asampattāti katvā ‘‘anāgatā’’ti vuccati. Yathā aparakattikapuṇṇamāya vassikasāṭikaṃ paccuddharitvā vikappento ‘‘cātumāsaṃ adhiṭṭhātuṃ tato paraṃ vikappetu’’nti vuccati , evaṃsampadamidanti. Ettha vuccatīti ce? Na, imassa nippayojanabhāvappasaṅgato. Accekacīvarapaṭiggahaṇakālaṃ niyamitanti ce? Na, ‘‘chaṭṭhito paṭṭhāya uppannacīvaraṃ accekameva na hoti. Paṭhamakathinena siddhattā’’ti porāṇaṭṭhakathāgaṇṭhipadesu vuttattā tato upari ‘‘accekacīvara’’nti vuccati, paṭiggaṇhantassa āpattisaṅgaho ca. Na ca sā āpatti pāḷiyā, aṭṭhakathāya, yuttito vā sambhavati. Aṭṭhuppattimattavasena vuttanti ce? Na, dasāhādhiccakārikā aṭṭhuppattipāyaṃ na dissati. ‘‘Bhikkhū accekacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā cīvarakālasamayaṃ atikkāmentī’’ti ettha ettikā eva hi aṭṭhuppatti. Tathā hi parivāre (pari. 47-53) ‘‘kismiṃ vatthusmi’’nti ārabhitvā ettakameva vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Accekacīvaraṃ cīvarakālaṃ nātikkāmetabbaṃ, itaraṃ atikkāmetabbanti dassanatthaṃ idaṃ paññattanti ce? Na, accekacīvarasseva aparādhadassanato, visesakāraṇābhāvā , ‘‘kāmañcesa dasāhaparamaṃ atirekacīvaraṃ dhāretabbanti imināva siddho’’tiādivacanavirodhato ca yathāvuttavacanāsambhavato ca.

Kathaṃ? Dasāhena saha kattikapuṇṇamā ‘‘anāgatā’’ti hi vutte dasāhato aññā sā puṇṇamāti āpajjati. Anaññā ce, saha-saddo na sambhavati, na hi attanāva attano yogo sambhavati, anāgata-saddo ca na sambhavati. Āgatā sampattā eva hi sā puṇṇamā. Cīvarasamayassa anantarattā ekībhāvaṃ anāgatattā anāgatāyevāti ce? Na, tathāpi anāgata-saddassa sambhavato, āgamanasambhave satiyeva hi anāgata-saddo sambhavati, na hi nibbānaṃ, paññatti vā ‘‘anāgatā’’ti vuccati. Nibbānaṃ viya khaṇattayaṃ, sā ca puṇṇamā na kadāci samayabhāvaṃ pāpuṇātīti ayuttameva. ‘‘Tato paraṃ vikappetu’’nti pana vacanaṃ piṭṭhisamayaṃ gahetvā ṭhitattā sambhavati. Apica pavāraṇāyaṃ aruṇe ca uṭṭhite sā puṇṇamā cīvarasamayaṃ ekāhānāgatā evāpajjati pubbe sahayogapattattā. Evaṃ sante ekībhāvagatāpi sā cīvarasamayaṃ anāgatā eva jātāti sabbadā na tathāviggahakaraṇavacanatthaṃ kocideva vacanato dīpetīti veditabbaṃ.

Kimatthaṃ panettha ‘‘dasadivasādhiko māso’’tiādi vuttanti? Taṃ pāripūrisambhavato. Pañcamiyañhi pure aruṇaṃ uppannaaccekacīvarassa dasadivasādhiko māsoyeva paripūroti katvā tathā vuttaṃ. Apica tassā pañcamiyā divasabhāgopi sampattāya rattiyā ‘‘hiyyo’’ti vuccati, pageva pure aruṇaṃ, tenevāha ‘‘hiyyo kho, āvuso, amhāka’’ntiādi. ‘‘Evaṃ sante ‘chaṭṭhito paṭṭhāyā’ti vuttapaṭhamapāṭhassa vasena ‘anaccekacīvarampi paccuddharitvā ṭhapitaṃ ticīvarampi etaṃ parihāraṃ labhatiyevā’’’ti ca ‘‘dasadivasādhiko māso’’tiādi ca yaṃ likhitaṃ. Taṃ na, ‘‘pañcamito paṭṭhāyā’’ti pāṭhe sajjiteva etena pariyāyena yathāvuttaatthasambhavato, na tāni ṭhānāni puna sajjitāni. Yathāṭhitavaseneva ajjhupekkhitabbānīti no takkoti ācariyo. Idaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ puṇṇamāyaṃ anissaggiyatthamevāti upatissatthero. ‘‘Pavāraṇāmāsassa juṇhapakkhapañcamito paṭṭhāyā’’ti pāṭhe sajjite etena pariyāyena yathāvutto uppannassa cīvarassa nidhānakālo dassito hoti, ‘‘accekacīvaranti accāyikacīvaraṃ vuccatī’’tiādi pāṭho. ‘‘Chaṭṭhito paṭṭhāyā’’ti ca ‘‘kāmañcesa dasāhaparama’’ntiādi ca yaṃ likhitaṃ, taṃ na pāṭho, tasmā ekādasadivasaṃ parihāraṃ labhatīti katvā ācariyena ‘‘pañcamito paṭṭhāyā’’ti likhāpito kira. ‘‘Pavāraṇāmāsassa juṇhapakkhachaṭṭhito paṭṭhāya pana uppannaṃ anaccekacīvarampi paccuddharitvā ṭhapitaṃ ticīvarampi etaṃ parihāraṃ labhatiyevāti pāṭho’’ti ca ‘‘accekacīvarassa anatthate kathine ekādasadivasādhiko māso, atthate kathine ekādasadivasādhikā pañcamāsāti pāṭho’’ti ca ettha papañcenti, tasmā suṭṭhu sallakkhetvā kathetabbaṃ, tuṇhībhūtena vā bhavitabbaṃ.

Accekacīvarasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.