3. Satipaṭṭhānasaṃyuttaṃ

1. Ambapālivaggo

1. Ambapālisuttavaṇṇanā

367.Ekāyanvāyanti sandhivasena vuttaṃ o-kārassa va-kāraṃ a-kārassa dīghaṃ katvā. Ayaṃ kira saṃyuttābhilāpo, tattha ayana-saddo maggapariyāyo. Na kevalaṃ ayameva, atha kho aññepi maggapariyāyāti paduddhāraṃ karonto ‘‘maggassa hī’’tiādiṃ vatvā yadi maggapariyāyo āyana-saddo, kasmā puna maggoti vuttanti codanaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘tasmā’’tiādi. Tattha ekamaggoti ekova maggo. Na hi nibbānagāmimaggo añño atthīti. Nanu satipaṭṭhānaṃ idha maggoti adhippetaṃ, tadaññepi bahū maggadhammā atthīti? Saccaṃ atthi, te pana satipaṭṭhānaggahaṇeneva gahitā tadavinābhāvato. Tathā hi ñāṇavīriyādayo niddese gahitā, uddese satiyā eva gahaṇaṃ veneyyajjhāsayavasenāti daṭṭhabbaṃ, satiyā maggabhāvadassanatthañca. Na dvedhāpathabhūtoti iminā imassa dvayabhāvābhāvaṃ viya anibbānagāmibhāvābhāvañca dasseti. Nibbānagamanaṭṭhenāti nibbānaṃ gacchati etenāti nibbānagamanaṃ, so eva aviparītabhāvanāya attho, tena nibbānagamanaṭṭhena, nibbānādhigamūpāyatāyāti attho. Magganīyaṭṭhenāti gavesitabbatāya.

Rāgādīhīti ‘‘rāgo malaṃ, doso malaṃ, moho mala’’nti (vibha. 924) evaṃ vuttehi rāgādīhi malehi. Sā panāyaṃ saṃkiliṭṭhacittānaṃ visuddhi sijjhamānā yasmā sokādīnaṃ anuppādāya saṃvattati, tasmā vuttaṃ ‘‘sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāyā’’tiādi. Tattha socanaṃ ñātibyasanādinimittaṃ cetaso santāpo antonijjhānaṃ soko. Ñātibyasanādinimittameva sokādhikatājanito ‘‘kahaṃ ekaputtakā’’tiādinā paridevanavasena vācāvippalāpo paridevanaṃ paridevo. Tassa āyatiṃ anuppajjanaṃ idha samatikkamoti āha ‘‘pahānāyā’’ti. Dukkhadomanassānanti ettha cetasikadukkhatāya domanassassapi dukkhasaddeneva gahaṇe siddhe saddena anivattanato sāmaññajotanāya visesavacanaṃ seṭṭhanti ‘‘domanassāna’’nteva vuttaṃ. Cetasikadomanassassāti bhūtakathanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ñāyati etena yāthāvato paṭivijjhīyati catusaccanti ñāyo vuccati ariyamaggo. Nanu ayampi maggo, kiṃ maggo eva maggassa adhigamāya hotīti codanaṃ sandhāyāha – ‘‘ayaṃ hī’’tiādi. Taṇhāva kammakilesavipākānaṃ vinanaṭṭhena saṃsibbanaṭṭhena vānaṃ. Tena taṇhāvānena virahitattā tassa abhāvāti attho. Attapaccakkhāyāti attapaccakkhatthāya.

Vaṇṇabhāsananti pasaṃsāvacanaṃ. Visuddhinti visujjhanaṃ kilesappahānaṃ. Uggahetabbanti ettha vācuggatakaraṇaṃ uggaho. Paricayakaraṇaṃ paripucchāmūlakattā taggahaṇeneva gahitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Na tato heṭṭhāti idha adhippetakāyādīnaṃ vedanādisabhāvattābhāvā kāyavedanācittavimuttassa tebhūmakadhammassa visuṃ vipallāsavatthantarabhāvena gahitattā ca heṭṭhā gahaṇesu vipallāsavatthūnaṃ aniṭṭhānaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Pañcamassa pana vipallāsavatthuno abhāvena ‘‘na uddha’’nti āha. Ārammaṇavibhāgena hettha satipaṭṭhānavibhāgoti. Tayo satipaṭṭhānāti satipaṭṭhānasaddassa atthuddhāradassanaṃ, na idha pāḷiyaṃ vuttassa satipaṭṭhānasaddassa atthadassanaṃ. Ādīsu hīti ettha ādi-saddena ‘‘phassasamudayā vedanānaṃ samudayo, nāmarūpasamudayā cittassa samudayo, manasikārasamudayā dhammānaṃ samudayo’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.408) satipaṭṭhānāti vuttānaṃ satigocarānaṃ pakāsake suttapadese saṅgaṇhāti. Evaṃ paṭisambhidāmaggapāḷiyampi avasesapāḷipadesadassanattho ādi-saddo daṭṭhabbo. Satiyā paṭṭhānanti satiyā patiṭṭhātabbaṭṭhānaṃ.

Ariyoti ārakattādinā ariyaṃ sammāsambuddhamāha. Etthāti etasmiṃ saḷāyatanavibhaṅgasutte (ma. ni. 3.311). Tattha hi –

‘‘Tayo satipaṭṭhānā yadariyo…pe… marahatīti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ. Idha, bhikkhave, satthā sāvakānaṃ dhammaṃ deseti anukampako hitesī anukampaṃ upādāya – ‘idaṃ vo hitāya idaṃ vo sukhāyā’ti. Tassa sāvakā na sussūsanti, na sotaṃ odahanti, na aññā cittaṃ upaṭṭhapenti, vokkamma ca satthusāsanā vattanti. Tatra, bhikkhave, tathāgato na ceva anattamano hoti, na ca anattamanataṃ paṭisaṃvedeti, anavassuto ca viharati sato sampajāno. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ. Yadariyo sevati…pe... marahati. Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, satthā …pe… idaṃ vo sukhāyāti. Tassa ekacce sāvakā na sussūsanti…pe… ekacce sāvakā sussūsanti…pe… na ca vokkamma satthusāsanā vattanti. Tatra, bhikkhave, tathāgato na ceva anattamano hoti, na ca anattamanataṃ paṭisaṃvedeti, na ceva attamano hoti, na ca attamanataṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Anattamanatañca attamanatañca tadubhayaṃ abhinivajjetvā upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ…pe… marahati. Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave,…pe… sukhāyāti, tassa sāvakā sussūsanti…pe… vattanti. Tatra, bhikkhave, tathāgato attamano ceva hoti, attamanatañca paṭisaṃvedeti, anavassuto ca viharati sato sampajāno. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyaṃ satipaṭṭhāna’’nti –

Evaṃ paṭighānunayehi anavassutatā niccaṃ upaṭṭhitassatitāya tadubhayavītivattatā ‘‘satipaṭṭhāna’’nti vuttā. Buddhānaṃyeva hi niccaṃ upaṭṭhitassatitā hoti āveṇikadhammabhāvato, na paccekabuddhādīnaṃ. Pa-saddo ārambhaṃ joteti, ārambho ca pavattīti katvā āha ‘‘pavattayitabbatoti attho’’ti. Satiyā karaṇabhūtāya paṭṭhānaṃ paṭṭhapetabbaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ. Ana-saddo hi bahulavacanena kammatthopi hotīti.

Tathāssa kattuatthopi labbhatīti ‘‘patiṭṭhātīti paṭṭhāna’’nti vuttaṃ. Upaṭṭhātīti ettha upa-saddo bhusatthavisiṭṭhaṃ pakkhandanaṃ dīpetīti ‘‘okkanditvā pakkhanditvā pavattatīti attho’’ti vuttaṃ. Puna bhāvatthaṃ satisaddaṃ paṭṭhānasaddañca vaṇṇento ‘‘atha vā’’tiādimāha. Tena purimavikappe sati-saddo paṭṭhāna-saddo ca kattuatthoti viññāyati. Saraṇaṭṭhenāti cirakatassa cirabhāsitassa ca anussaraṇaṭṭhena. Idanti yaṃ ‘‘satiyeva satipaṭṭhāna’’nti vuttaṃ, idaṃ idha imasmiṃ suttapadese adhippetaṃ.

Yadievanti yadi sati eva satipaṭṭhānaṃ, sati nāma eko dhammo, evaṃ sante kasmā satipaṭṭhānāti bahuvacananti āha ‘‘satīnaṃ bahuttā’’tiādi. Yadi bahukā tā satiyo, atha kasmā maggoti ekavacananti yojanā. Magganaṭṭhenāti niyyānaṭṭhena. Niyyāniko hi maggadhammo, teneva niyyānikabhāvena ekattupagato ekantato nibbānaṃ gacchati, atthikehi ca tadatthaṃ maggīyatīti āha ‘‘vuttañheta’’ntiādi. Tattha catassopi cetāti kāyānupassanādivasena catubbidhāpi ca etā satiyo. Aparabhāgeti ariyamaggakkhaṇe. Kiccaṃ sādhayamānāti pubbabhāge kāyādīsu ārammaṇesu subhasaññādividhamanavasena visuṃ visuṃ pavattitvā maggakkhaṇe sakiṃyeva tattha catubbidhassapi vipallāsassa samucchedavasena pahānakiccaṃ sādhayamānā ārammaṇakaraṇavasena nibbānaṃ gacchanti, tamevassa catukiccasādhanataṃ upādāya bahuvacananiddeso, tathāpi atthato bhedābhāvato maggoti ekavacanena vuccati. Tenāha – ‘‘tasmā catassopi eko maggoti vuttā’’ti.

Kathetukamyatāpucchā itarāsaṃ pucchānaṃ idha asambhavato niddesādivasena desetukāmatāya ca tathā vuttattā. ‘‘Ayañceva kāyo bahiddhā ca nāmarūpa’’ntiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.271, 287, 297; pārā. 11) khandhapañcakaṃ, ‘‘sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedetī’’tiādīsu vedanādayo tayo arūpakkhandhā, ‘‘yā tasmiṃ samaye kāyassa passaddhi paṭippassaddhī’’tiādīsu (dha. sa. 40) vedanādayo tayo cetasikā khandhā ‘‘kāyo’’ti vuccanti, tato visesanatthaṃ ‘‘kāyeti rūpakāye’’ti āha. Kāyānupassīti ettha tassīlatthaṃ dassento ‘‘kāyaṃ anupassanasīlo’’ti āha. Aniccato anupassatīti catusamuṭṭhānikakāyaṃ ‘‘anicca’’nti anupassati, evaṃ passanto eva cassa aniccākārampi anupassatīti vuccati, tathābhūtassa cassa niccagāhassa visesopi na hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘no niccato’’ti. Tathā hesa ‘‘niccasaññaṃ pajahatī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.28) vutto. Ettha ca aniccato eva anupassatīti evakāro luttaniddiṭṭhoti tena nivattitamatthaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘no niccato’’ti vuttaṃ. Na cettha dukkhānupassanādinivattanamāsaṅkitabbaṃ paṭiyoginivattanaparattā eva-kārassa, upari desanāāruḷhattā ca tāsaṃ. Dukkhato anupassatītiādīsupi eseva nayo. Ayaṃ pana viseso – aniccassa dukkhattā tameva kāyaṃ dukkhato anupassati, dukkhassa anattattā anattato anupassatīti.

Yasmā pana yaṃ aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā, na taṃ abhinanditabbaṃ, yañca na abhinanditabbaṃ, na tattha rajjitabbaṃ, tasmā vuttaṃ ‘‘aniccato anupassati, no niccato, dukkhato anupassati, no sukhato, anattato anupassati, no attato, nibbindati, no nandati, virajjati, no rajjatī’’ti. So evaṃ arajjanto rāgaṃ nirodheti, no samudeti, samudayaṃ na karotīti attho. Evaṃ paṭipanno ca paṭinissajjati, no ādiyati. Ayañhi aniccādianupassanā tadaṅgavasena saddhiṃ kāyatannissayakhandhābhisaṅkhārehi kilesānaṃ pariccajanato saṅkhatadosadassanena tabbiparīte nibbāne tanninnatāya pakkhandanato ‘‘pariccāgapaṭinissaggo ceva pakkhandanapaṭinissaggo cā’’ti vuccati. Tasmā tāya samannāgato bhikkhu vuttanayena kilese ca pariccajati, nibbāne ca pakkhandati, tathābhūto ca pariccajanavasena kilese na ādiyati, nāpi adosadassitāvasena saṅkhatārammaṇaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘paṭinissajjati, no ādiyatī’’ti. Idāni nissitāhi anupassanāhi yesaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānaṃ hoti, taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘aniccato anupassanto niccasaññaṃ pajahatī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha niccasaññanti saṅkhārā niccāti evaṃ pavattaṃ viparītasaññaṃ. Diṭṭhicittavipallāsapahānamukheneva saññāvipallāsappahānanti saññāgahaṇaṃ, saññāsīsena vā tesampi gahaṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Nandinti sappītikataṇhaṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Viharatīti iminā kāyānupassanāsamaṅgino iriyāpathavihāro vuttoti āha – ‘‘iriyatī’’ti, iriyāpathaṃ pavattetīti attho. Ārammaṇakaraṇavasena abhibyāpanato ‘‘tīsu bhavesū’’ti vuttaṃ, uppajjanavasena pana kilesā parittabhūmakā evāti. Yadipi kilesānaṃ pahānaṃ ātāpananti taṃ sammādiṭṭhiādīnampi attheva, ātappa-saddoviya pana ātāpa-saddopi vīriye eva niruḷhoti vuttaṃ ‘‘vīriyassetaṃ nāma’’nti. Atha vā paṭipakkhappahāne sampayuttadhammānaṃ abbhussahanavasena pavattamānassa vīriyassa sātisayaṃ tadātāpananti vīriyameva tathā vuccati, na aññe dhammā.

Ātāpīti cāyamīkāro pasaṃsāya, atisayassa vā dīpakoti ātāpīgahaṇena sammappadhānasamaṅgitaṃ dasseti. Sammā samantato sāmañca pajānanto sampajāno, asammissato vavatthāne aññadhammānupassitābhāvena sammā aviparītaṃ, sabbākārapajānanena samantato, uparūpari visesāvahabhāvena pavattiyā sāmaṃ pajānantoti attho. Yadi paññāya anupassati, kathaṃ satipaṭṭhānatāti āha ‘‘na hī’’tiādi. Tasmā satiyā laddhupakārāya eva paññāya ettha yathāvutte kāye kammaṭṭhāniko bhikkhu anupassako, tasmā ‘‘kāyānupassī’’ti vuccati. Antosaṅkhepo antolīnatā, kosajjanti attho. Upāyapariggahoti ettha sīlavisodhanādi gaṇanādi uggahakosallādi ca upāyo, tabbipariyāyato anupāyo veditabbo. Yasmā ca upaṭṭhitassatī yathāvuttaṃ upāyaṃ na pariccajati, anupāyañca na upādiyati, tasmā vuttaṃ ‘‘muṭṭhassati…pe… asamattho hotī’’ti. Tenāti upāyānupāyānaṃ pariggahaparivajjanesu apariccāgāpariggahesu ca asamatthabhāvena. Assa yogino.

Yasmā satiyevettha satipaṭṭhānaṃ vuttā, tasmāssa sampayuttadhammā vīriyādayo aṅganti āha – ‘‘sampayogaṅgañcassa dassetvā’’ti. Aṅga-saddo cettha kāraṇapariyāyo daṭṭhabbo. Satiggahaṇenevettha sammāsamādhissapi gahaṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ tassā samādhikkhandhe saṅgahitattā. Yasmā vā satisīsenāyaṃ desanā. Na hi kevalāya satiyā kilesappahānaṃ sambhavati, nibbānādhigamo vā, nāpi kevalā sati pavattati, tasmāssa jhānadesanāyaṃ savitakkādivacanassa viya sampayogaṅgadassanatāti aṅga-saddassa avayavapariyāyatā daṭṭhabbā. Pahānaṅganti ‘‘vivicceva kāmehī’’tiādīsu viya pahātabbaṅgaṃ dassetuṃ. Yasmā ettha pubbabhāgamaggo adhippeto, na lokuttaramaggo, tasmā pubbabhāgiyameva vinayaṃ dassento ‘‘tadaṅgavinayena vā vikkhambhanavinayena vā’’ti āha. Assāti yogino. Tesaṃ dhammānanti vedanādidhammānaṃ. Tesañhi tattha anadhippetattā ‘‘atthuddhāranayenetaṃ vutta’’nti āha. Yaṃ panāti vibhaṅge, vibhaṅgapakaraṇeti adhippāyo. Etthāti ‘‘loke’’ti etasmiṃ pade, tā ca lokiyā eva anupassanā nāma sammasananti katvā.

Dukkhatoti vipariṇāmasaṅkhāradukkhatāhi dukkhasabhāvato, dukkhāti anupassitabbāti attho. Sesapadadvayepi eseva nayo. Yo sukhaṃdukkhato addāti yo bhikkhu sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vipariṇāmadukkhatāya dukkhanti paññācakkhunā addakkhi. Dukkhamaddakkhi sallatoti dukkhavedanaṃ pīḷājananato antotudanato dunnīharaṇato ca sallanti addakkhi passi. Adukkhamasukhanti upekkhāvedanaṃ. Santanti sukhadukkhānaṃ viya anoḷārikatāya paccayavasena vūpasantasabhāvattā ca santaṃ. Aniccatoti hutvā abhāvato udayabbayavantato tāvakālikato niccapaṭikkhepato ca aniccanti yo addakkhi. Sa ve sammaddaso bhikkhūti so bhikkhu ekaṃsena, paribyattaṃ vā vedanāya sammā passanakoti attho.

Dukkhātipīti saṅkhāradukkhatāya dukkhā itipi. Sabbaṃ taṃ vedayitaṃ dukkhasmiṃ antogadhaṃ pariyāpannanti vadāmi saṅkhāradukkhanti vattabbato. Sukhadukkhatopi cāti sukhādīnaṃ ṭhitivipariṇāmañāṇasukhatāya ca vipariṇāmaṭṭhitiaññāṇadukkhatāya ca vuttattā tissopi sukhato tissopi ca dukkhato anupassitabbāti attho. Satta anupassanā heṭṭhā pakāsitā eva.

Ārammaṇā…pe… bhedānanti rūpādiārammaṇanānattassa nīlāditabbhedassa, chandādiadhipatinānattassa hīnāditabbhedassa, ñāṇajhānādisahajātanānattassa sasaṅkhārikāsaṅkhārika-savitakka-savicārāditabbhedassa, kāmāvacarādibhūminānattassa, ukkaṭṭhamajjhimāditabbhedassa, kusalādikammanānattassa, devagatisaṃvattaniyatāditabbhedassa, kaṇhasukkavipākanānattassa, diṭṭhadhammavedanīyatāditabbhedassa, parittabhūmakādikiriyānānattassa, tihetukāditabbhedassa vasena anupassitabbanti yojanā. Ādi-saddena savatthukāvatthukādinānattassa puggalattayasādhāraṇāditabbhedassa ca saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. Sarāgādīnanti mahāsatipaṭṭhānasutte (dī. ni. 2.381; ma. ni. 1.114) āgatānaṃ sarāgavītarāgādibhedānaṃ. Salakkhaṇa-sāmaññalakkhaṇānanti phusanāditaṃtaṃsalakkhaṇānañceva aniccatādisāmaññalakkhaṇānañca vasenāti yojanā.

Suññatadhammassāti anattatāsaṅkhātasuññatasabhāvassa. ‘‘Salakkhaṇa-sāmaññalakkhaṇāna’’nti hi iminā yo ito bāhirakehi sāminivāsīkārakavedakaadhiṭṭhāyakabhāvena parikappito attā, tassa saṅkhāresu niccatā sukhatā viya katthacipi abhāvo vibhāvito. Natthi etesaṃ attāti anattā, yasmā pana saṅkhāresu ekadhammopi attā na hoti, tasmā te na attātipi anattāti ayaṃ tesaṃ suññatadhammo. Tassa suññatadhammassa, yaṃ vibhāvetuṃ abhidhamme (dha. sa. 121) ‘‘tasmiṃ kho pana samaye dhammā hontī’’tiādinā suññatavāradesanā vuttā. Sesaṃ suviññeyyameva.

Ambapālisuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.