Anesthesia and Exsanguination Euthanasia

A method of euthanization whereby a subject is anesthetized and the head is removed from the body.

A method of euthanization whereby a subject is anesthetized and the spinal column is dislocated from the skull and brain.

A loss of feeling or awareness caused by drugs or other substances. Anesthesia keeps patients from feeling pain during surgery or other…

Diminished immune responsiveness to specific antigens. Induced or programmed clonal lymphocyte anergy is believed to be the second major mechanism (after clonal…

A rare neural tube defect during pregnancy, resulting in the absence of a large portion of the brain and skull in the…

A blood disorder characterized by low hemoglobin levels in premature neonates that usually spontaneously resolves within 3-6 months post birth. A combination…