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अङ्गुत्तर निकाय ३।१३
Aṅguttara Nikāya 3.13
Numbered Discourses 3.13
२। रथकारवग्ग
2. Rathakāravagga
2. The Chariot-Maker
आसंससुत्त
Āsaṁsasutta
Hopes
“तयोमे, भिक्खवे, पुग्गला सन्तो संविज्जमाना लोकस्मिं। कतमे तयो? निरासो, आसंसो, विगतासो। कतमो च, भिक्खवे पुग्गलो निरासो? इध, भिक्खवे, एकच्चो पुग्गलो नीचे कुले पच्चाजातो होति, चण्डालकुले वा वेनकुले वा नेसादकुले वा रथकारकुले वा पुक्कुसकुले वा दलिद्दे अप्पन्नपानभोजने कसिरवुत्तिके, यत्थ कसिरेन घासच्छादो लब्भति। सो च होति दुब्बण्णो दुद्दसिको ओकोटिमको बव्हाबाधो काणो वा कुणी वा खञ्जो वा पक्खहतो वा, न लाभी अन्नस्स पानस्स वत्थस्स यानस्स मालागन्धविलेपनस्स सेय्यावसथपदीपेय्यस्स। सो सुणाति: ‘इत्थन्नामो किर खत्तियो खत्तियेहि खत्तियाभिसेकेन अभिसित्तोऽति। तस्स न एवं होति: ‘कुदास्सु नाम मम्पि खत्तिया खत्तियाभिसेकेन अभिसिञ्चिस्सन्तीऽति। अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, पुग्गलो निरासो।
“Tayome, bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ. Katame tayo? Nirāso, āsaṁso, vigatāso. Katamo ca, bhikkhave puggalo nirāso? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo nīce kule paccājāto hoti, caṇḍālakule vā venakule vā nesādakule vā1 rathakārakule vā pukkusakule vā dalidde appannapānabhojane kasiravuttike, yattha kasirena ghāsacchādo labbhati. So ca hoti dubbaṇṇo duddasiko okoṭimako bavhābādho2 kāṇo vā kuṇī vā khañjo vā pakkhahato vā, na lābhī annassa pānassa vatthassa yānassa mālāgandhavilepanassa seyyāvasathapadīpeyyassa. So suṇāti: ‘itthannāmo kira khattiyo khattiyehi khattiyābhisekena abhisitto’ti. Tassa na evaṁ hoti: ‘kudāssu nāma mampi khattiyā khattiyābhisekena abhisiñcissantī’ti. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo nirāso.
“These three kinds of people are found in the world. What three? The hopeless, the hopeful, and the one who has done away with hope. And what, bhikkhus, is a hopeless person? It’s when some person is reborn in a low family—a family of outcastes, bamboo-workers, hunters, chariot-makers, or waste-collectors—poor, with little to eat or drink, where life is tough, and food and shelter are hard to find. And they’re ugly, unsightly, deformed, sickly—one-eyed, crippled, lame, or half-paralyzed. They don’t get to have food, drink, clothes, and vehicles; garlands, fragrances, and makeup; or bed, house, and lighting. They hear this: ‘They say the aristocrats have anointed the aristocrat named so-and-so as king.’ It never occurs to them: ‘Oh, when will the aristocrats anoint me too as king?’ This is called a hopeless person.
कतमो च, भिक्खवे, पुग्गलो आसंसो? इध, भिक्खवे, रञ्ञो खत्तियस्स मुद्धावसित्तस्स जेट्ठो पुत्तो होति आभिसेको अनभिसित्तो अचलप्पत्तो। सो सुणाति: ‘इत्थन्नामो किर खत्तियो खत्तियेहि खत्तियाभिसेकेन अभिसित्तोऽति। तस्स एवं होति: ‘कुदास्सु नाम मम्पि खत्तिया खत्तियाभिसेकेन अभिसिञ्चिस्सन्तीऽति। अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, पुग्गलो आसंसो।
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo āsaṁso? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa jeṭṭho putto hoti ābhiseko anabhisitto acalappatto. So suṇāti: ‘itthannāmo kira khattiyo khattiyehi khattiyābhisekena abhisitto’ti. Tassa evaṁ hoti: ‘kudāssu nāma mampi khattiyā khattiyābhisekena abhisiñcissantī’ti. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo āsaṁso.
And what, bhikkhus, is a hopeful person? It’s when some person is the eldest son of an anointed aristocratic king. He has not yet been anointed, but is eligible, and has been confirmed in the succession. He hears this: ‘They say that the aristocrats have anointed the aristocrat named so-and-so as king.’ It occurs to him: ‘Oh, when will the aristocrats anoint me too as king?’ This is called a hopeful person.
कतमो च, भिक्खवे, पुग्गलो विगतासो? इध, भिक्खवे, राजा होति खत्तियो मुद्धावसित्तो। सो सुणाति: ‘इत्थन्नामो किर खत्तियो खत्तियेहि खत्तियाभिसेकेन अभिसित्तोऽति। तस्स न एवं होति: ‘कुदास्सु नाम मम्पि खत्तिया खत्तियाभिसेकेन अभिसिञ्चिस्सन्तीऽति। तं किस्स हेतु? या हिस्स, भिक्खवे, पुब्बे अनभिसित्तस्स अभिसेकासा सा पटिप्पस्सद्धा। अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, पुग्गलो विगतासो।
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo vigatāso? Idha, bhikkhave, rājā hoti khattiyo muddhāvasitto. So suṇāti: ‘itthannāmo kira khattiyo khattiyehi khattiyābhisekena abhisitto’ti. Tassa na evaṁ hoti: ‘kudāssu nāma mampi khattiyā khattiyābhisekena abhisiñcissantī’ti. Taṁ kissa hetu? Yā hissa, bhikkhave, pubbe anabhisittassa abhisekāsā3 sā paṭippassaddhā. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo vigatāso.
And what, bhikkhus, is a person who has done away with hope? It’s when a king has been anointed. He hears this: ‘They say that the aristocrats have anointed the aristocrat named so-and-so as king.’ It never occurs to him: ‘Oh, when will the aristocrats anoint me too as king?’ Why is that? Because the former hope he had to be anointed has now died down. This is called a person who has done away with hope.
इमे खो, भिक्खवे, तयो पुग्गला सन्तो संविज्जमाना लोकस्मिं।
Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ.
These are the three kinds of people found in the world.
एवमेवं खो, भिक्खवे, तयो पुग्गला सन्तो संविज्जमाना भिक्खूसु। कतमे तयो? निरासो, आसंसो, विगतासो। कतमो च, भिक्खवे, पुग्गलो निरासो? इध, भिक्खवे, एकच्चो पुग्गलो दुस्सीलो होति पापधम्मो असुचि सङ्कस्सरसमाचारो पटिच्छन्नकम्मन्तो अस्समणो समणपटिञ्ञो अब्रह्मचारी ब्रह्मचारिपटिञ्ञो अन्तोपूति अवस्सुतो कसम्बुजातो। सो सुणाति: ‘इत्थन्नामो किर भिक्खु आसवानं खया अनासवं चेतोविमुत्तिं पञ्ञाविमुत्तिं दिट्ठेव धम्मे सयं अभिञ्ञा सच्छिकत्वा उपसम्पज्ज विहरतीऽति। तस्स न एवं होति: ‘कुदास्सु नाम अहम्पि आसवानं खया अनासवं चेतोविमुत्तिं पञ्ञाविमुत्तिं दिट्ठेव धम्मे सयं अभिञ्ञा सच्छिकत्वा उपसम्पज्ज विहरिस्सामीऽति। अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, पुग्गलो निरासो।
Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā bhikkhūsu. Katame tayo? Nirāso, āsaṁso, vigatāso. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo nirāso? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo dussīlo hoti pāpadhammo asuci saṅkassarasamācāro paṭicchannakammanto assamaṇo samaṇapaṭiñño abrahmacārī brahmacāripaṭiñño antopūti avassuto kasambujāto. So suṇāti: ‘itthannāmo kira bhikkhu āsavānaṁ khayā anāsavaṁ cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’ti. Tassa na evaṁ hoti: ‘kudāssu nāma ahampi āsavānaṁ khayā anāsavaṁ cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissāmī’ti. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo nirāso.
In the same way, these three kinds of people are found among the bhikkhus. What three? The hopeless, the hopeful, and the one who has done away with hope. And what, bhikkhus, is a hopeless person? It’s when some person is unethical, of bad qualities, filthy, with suspicious behavior, underhand, no true ascetic or spiritual practitioner—though claiming to be one—rotten inside, corrupt, and depraved. They hear this: ‘They say that the bhikkhu named so-and-so has realized the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom in this very life. And they live having realized it with their own insight due to the ending of defilements.’ It never occurs to them: ‘Oh, when will I too realize the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom in this very life, and live having realized it with my own insight due to the ending of defilements.’ This is called a hopeless person.
कतमो च, भिक्खवे, पुग्गलो आसंसो? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु सीलवा होति कल्याणधम्मो। सो सुणाति: ‘इत्थन्नामो किर भिक्खु आसवानं खया अनासवं चेतोविमुत्तिं पञ्ञाविमुत्तिं दिट्ठेव धम्मे सयं अभिञ्ञा सच्छिकत्वा उपसम्पज्ज विहरतीऽति। तस्स एवं होति: ‘कुदास्सु नाम अहम्पि आसवानं खया अनासवं चेतोविमुत्तिं पञ्ञाविमुत्तिं दिट्ठेव धम्मे सयं अभिञ्ञा सच्छिकत्वा उपसम्पज्ज विहरिस्सामीऽति। अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, पुग्गलो आसंसो।
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo āsaṁso? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo. So suṇāti: ‘itthannāmo kira bhikkhu āsavānaṁ khayā anāsavaṁ cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’ti. Tassa evaṁ hoti: ‘kudāssu nāma ahampi āsavānaṁ khayā anāsavaṁ cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissāmī’ti. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo āsaṁso.
And what, bhikkhus, is a hopeful person? It’s when a bhikkhu is ethical, of good character. They hear this: ‘They say that the bhikkhu named so-and-so has realized the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom in this very life. And they live having realized it with their own insight due to the ending of defilements.’ It occurs to them: ‘Oh, when will I too realize the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom in this very life, and live having realized it with my own insight due to the ending of defilements.’ This is called a hopeful person.
कतमो च, भिक्खवे, पुग्गलो विगतासो? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु अरहं होति खीणासवो। सो सुणाति: ‘इत्थन्नामो किर भिक्खु आसवानं खया अनासवं चेतोविमुत्तिं पञ्ञाविमुत्तिं दिट्ठेव धम्मे सयं अभिञ्ञा सच्छिकत्वा उपसम्पज्ज विहरतीऽति। तस्स न एवं होति: ‘कुदास्सु नाम अहम्पि आसवानं खया …पे… सच्छिकत्वा उपसम्पज्ज विहरिस्सामीऽति। तं किस्स हेतु? या हिस्स, भिक्खवे, पुब्बे अविमुत्तस्स विमुत्तासा सा पटिप्पस्सद्धा। अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, पुग्गलो विगतासो।
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo vigatāso? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu arahaṁ hoti khīṇāsavo. So suṇāti: ‘itthannāmo kira bhikkhu āsavānaṁ khayā anāsavaṁ cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’ti. Tassa na evaṁ hoti: ‘kudāssu nāma ahampi āsavānaṁ khayā …pe… sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissāmī’ti. Taṁ kissa hetu? Yā hissa, bhikkhave, pubbe avimuttassa vimuttāsā sā paṭippassaddhā. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo vigatāso.
And what, bhikkhus, is a person who has done away with hope? It’s when a bhikkhu is a perfected one, who has ended all defilements. They hear this: ‘They say that the bhikkhu named so-and-so has realized the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom in this very life. And they live having realized it with their own insight due to the ending of defilements.’ It never occurs to them: ‘Oh, when will I too realize the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom in this very life, and live having realized it with my own insight due to the ending of defilements.’ Why is that? Because the former hope they had to be freed has now died down. This is called a person who has done away with hope.
इमे खो, भिक्खवे, तयो पुग्गला सन्तो संविज्जमाना भिक्खूसू”ति।
Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā bhikkhūsū”ti.
These are the three people found among the bhikkhus.”
ततियं।
Tatiyaṁ.
The authoritative text of the Aṅguttara Nikāya is the Pāli text. The English translation is provided as an aid to the study of the original Pāli text. [CREDITS »]
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