3. Āsavakkhayasuttavaṇṇanā

102. Tatiye jānatoti jānantassa. Passatoti passantassa. Yadipi imāni dvepi padāni ekatthāni, byañjanameva nānaṃ, evaṃ santepi ‘‘jānato’’ti ñāṇalakkhaṇaṃ upādāya puggalaṃ niddisati. Jānanalakkhaṇañhi ñāṇaṃ. ‘‘Passato’’ti ñāṇappabhāvaṃ upādāya. Dassanappabhāvañhi upādāya ñāṇasamaṅgī puggalo cakkhumā viya puggalo cakkhunā rūpāni, ñāṇena vivaṭe dhamme passati. Atha vā jānatoti anubodhañāṇena jānato. Passatoti paṭivedhañāṇena passato. Paṭilomato vā dassanamaggena passato, bhāvanāmaggena jānato. Keci pana ‘‘ñātatīraṇapahānapariññāhi jānato, sikhāppattavipassanāya passato’’ti vadanti. Atha vā dukkhaṃ pariññābhisamayena jānato, nirodhaṃ sacchikiriyābhisamayena passato. Tadubhaye ca sati pahānabhāvanābhisamayā siddhā eva hontīti catusaccābhisamayo vutto hoti. Yadā cettha vipassanāñāṇaṃ adhippetaṃ, tadā ‘‘jānato passato’’ti padānaṃ hetuatthadīpanatā daṭṭhabbā. Yadā pana maggañāṇaṃ adhippetaṃ, tadā maggakiccatthadīpanatā.

Āsavānaṃkhayanti ‘‘jānato, ahaṃ bhikkhave, passato āsavānaṃ khayaṃ vadāmī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.15; saṃ. ni. 3.101; 5.1095) evamāgate sabbāsavasaṃvarapariyāye ‘‘āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimutti’’ntiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.438) ca suttapadesu āsavānaṃ pahānaṃ accantakkhayo asamuppādo khīṇākāro natthibhāvo ‘‘āsavakkhayo’’ti vutto. ‘‘Āsavānaṃ khayā samaṇo hotī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.438) phalaṃ.

‘‘Paravajjānupassissa, niccaṃ ujjhānasaññino;

Āsavā tassa vaḍḍhanti, ārā so āsavakkhayā’’ti. (dha. pa. 253); –

Ādīsu nibbānaṃ.

‘‘Sekhassa sikkhamānassa, ujumaggānusārino;

Khayasmiṃ paṭhamaṃ ñāṇaṃ, tato aññā anantarā;

Tato aññāvimuttassa, ñāṇaṃ ve hoti tādino’’ti. (a. ni. 3.86; itivu. 62) –

Evamāgate indriyasutte idha ca maggo ‘‘āsavakkhayo’’ti vutto. Tasmā yathāvuttanayena jānantassa passantassa ahaṃ ariyamaggādhigamaṃ vadāmīti vuttaṃ hoti. Noajānato no apassatoti yo pana na jānāti na passati, tassa no vadāmīti attho. Etena ye ajānato apassatopi saṃsārasuddhiṃ vadanti, te paṭikkhipati. Purimena vā padadvayena upāyo vutto, iminā anupāyapaṭisedho. Saṅkhepena cettha ñāṇaṃ āsavakkhayakaraṃ, sesaṃ tassa parikkhāroti dasseti.

Idāni yaṃ jānato yaṃ passato āsavakkhayo hoti, taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘kiñca, bhikkhave, jānato’’ti pucchaṃ ārabhi. Tattha jānanā bahuvidhā. Dabbajātiko eva hi koci bhikkhu chattaṃ kātuṃ jānāti, koci cīvarādīnaṃ aññataraṃ, tassa īdisāni kammāni vattasīse ṭhatvā karontassa sā jānanā ‘‘maggaphalānaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ na hotī’’ti na vattabbā. Yo pana sāsane pabbajitvā vejjakammādīni kātuṃ jānāti, tassevaṃ jānato āsavā vaḍḍhantiyeva. Tasmā yaṃ jānato yaṃ passato āsavānaṃ khayo hoti, tadeva dassento āha ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’ntiādi. Tattha yaṃ vattabbaṃ catusaccakammaṭṭhānaṃ, taṃ heṭṭhā yonisomanasikārasutte saṅkhepato vuttameva.

Tattha pana ‘‘yoniso, bhikkhave, bhikkhu manasi karonto akusalaṃ pajahati, kusalaṃ bhāvetī’’ti (itivu. 16) āgatattā ‘‘idaṃ dukkhanti yoniso manasi karotī’’tiādinā atthavibhāvanā katā. Idha ‘‘idaṃ dukkhanti, bhikkhave, jānato passato āsavānaṃ khayo hotī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.15; saṃ. ni. 3.101; 5.1095) āgatattā ‘‘idaṃ dukkhanti pariññāpaṭivedhavasena pariññābhisamayavasena maggañāṇena jānato passato āsavānaṃ khayo hotī’’tiādinā nayena yojetabbaṃ. Āsavesu ca paṭhamamaggena diṭṭhāsavo khīyati, tatiyamaggena kāmāsavo, catutthamaggena bhavāsavo avijjāsavo ca khīyatīti veditabbo.

Gāthāsu vimuttiñāṇanti vimuttiyaṃ nibbāne phale ca paccavekkhaṇañāṇaṃ. Uttamanti uttamadhammārammaṇattā uttamaṃ. Khaye ñāṇanti āsavānaṃ saṃyojanānañca khaye khayakare ariyamagge ñāṇaṃ. ‘‘Khīṇā saṃyojanā iti ñāṇa’’nti idhāpi ānetvā sambandhitabbaṃ. Tena pahīnakilesapaccavekkhaṇaṃ dasseti. Evamettha cattāripi paccavekkhaṇañāṇāni vuttāni honti . Avasiṭṭhakilesapaccavekkhaṇā hi idha natthi arahattaphalādhigamassa adhippetattā. Yathā cettha jānato passatoti nibbānādhigamena sammādiṭṭhikiccaṃ adhikaṃ katvā vuttaṃ, evaṃ sammappadhānakiccampi adhikameva icchitabbanti dassento ‘‘na tvevidaṃ kusītenā’’ti osānagāthamāha.

Tattha na tvevidanti na tu eva idaṃ. Tusaddo nipātamattaṃ. Bālenamavijānatāti makāro padasandhikaro. Ayañhettha saṅkhepattho – idaṃ sekkhamaggena asekkhamaggena ca pattabbaṃ abhijjhākāyaganthādisabbaganthānaṃ pamocanaṃ pamocanassa nimittabhūtaṃ nibbānaṃ ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’ntiādinā cattāri saccāni yathābhūtaṃ avijānatā tato eva bālena aviddasunā yathā adhigantuṃ na sakkā, evaṃ kusītena nibbīriyenāpi, tasmā tadadhigamāya āraddhavīriyena bhavitabbanti. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘āraddhavīriyassāyaṃ dhammo, no kusītassa’’ (dī. ni. 3.358).

‘‘Ārambhatha nikkamatha, yuñjatha buddhasāsane;

Dhunātha maccuno senaṃ, naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaro’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.185; netti. 29; mi. pa. 5.1.4);

Tatiyasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.