Tipiṭaka / Tipiṭaka (English) / Aṅguttara Nikāya, English translation

    अङ्गुत्तर निकाय १०।६१

    Aṅguttara Nikāya 10.61

    Numbered Discourses 10.61

    ७। यमकवग्ग

    7. Yamakavagga

    7. Pairs

    अविज्जासुत्त

    Avijjāsutta

    Ignorance

    “पुरिमा, भिक्खवे, कोटि न पञ्ञायति अविज्जाय: ‘इतो पुब्बे अविज्जा नाहोसि, अथ पच्छा समभवीऽति। एवञ्चेतं, भिक्खवे, वुच्चति, अथ च पन पञ्ञायति: ‘इदप्पच्चया अविज्जाऽति।

    “Purimā, bhikkhave, koṭi na paññāyati avijjāya: ‘ito pubbe avijjā nāhosi, atha pacchā samabhavī’ti. Evañcetaṁ, bhikkhave, vuccati, atha ca pana paññāyati: ‘idappaccayā avijjā’ti.

    “Bhikkhus, it is said that no first point of ignorance is evident, before which there was no ignorance, and afterwards it came to be. And yet it is evident that there is a specific condition for ignorance.

    अविज्जम्पाहं, भिक्खवे, साहारं वदामि, नो अनाहारं। को चाहारो अविज्जाय? ‘पञ्च नीवरणाऽतिस्स वचनीयं। पञ्चपाहं, भिक्खवे, नीवरणे साहारे वदामि, नो अनाहारे। को चाहारो पञ्चन्नं नीवरणानं? ‘तीणि दुच्चरितानीऽतिस्स वचनीयं। तीणिपाहं, भिक्खवे, दुच्चरितानि साहारानि वदामि, नो अनाहारानि। को चाहारो तिण्णं दुच्चरितानं? ‘इन्द्रियअसंवरोऽतिस्स वचनीयं। इन्द्रियअसंवरम्पाहं, भिक्खवे, साहारं वदामि, नो अनाहारं। को चाहारो इन्द्रियअसंवरस्स? ‘असतासम्पजञ्ञन्ऽतिस्स वचनीयं। असतासम्पजञ्ञम्पाहं, भिक्खवे, साहारं वदामि, नो अनाहारं। को चाहारो असतासम्पजञ्ञस्स? ‘अयोनिसोमनसिकारोऽतिस्स वचनीयं। अयोनिसोमनसिकारम्पाहं, भिक्खवे, साहारं वदामि, नो अनाहारं। को चाहारो अयोनिसोमनसिकारस्स? ‘अस्सद्धियन्ऽतिस्स वचनीयं। अस्सद्धियम्पाहं, भिक्खवे, साहारं वदामि, नो अनाहारं। को चाहारो अस्सद्धियस्स? ‘असद्धम्मस्सवनन्ऽतिस्स वचनीयं। असद्धम्मस्सवनम्पाहं, भिक्खवे, साहारं वदामि, नो अनाहारं। को चाहारो असद्धम्मस्सवनस्स? ‘असप्पुरिससंसेवोऽतिस्स वचनीयं।

    Avijjampāhaṁ, bhikkhave, sāhāraṁ vadāmi, no anāhāraṁ. Ko cāhāro avijjāya? ‘Pañca nīvaraṇā’tissa vacanīyaṁ. Pañcapāhaṁ, bhikkhave, nīvaraṇe sāhāre vadāmi, no anāhāre. Ko cāhāro pañcannaṁ nīvaraṇānaṁ? ‘Tīṇi duccaritānī’tissa vacanīyaṁ. Tīṇipāhaṁ, bhikkhave, duccaritāni sāhārāni vadāmi, no anāhārāni. Ko cāhāro tiṇṇaṁ duccaritānaṁ? ‘Indriyaasaṁvaro’tissa vacanīyaṁ. Indriyaasaṁvarampāhaṁ, bhikkhave, sāhāraṁ vadāmi, no anāhāraṁ. Ko cāhāro indriyaasaṁvarassa? ‘Asatāsampajaññan’tissa vacanīyaṁ. Asatāsampajaññampāhaṁ, bhikkhave, sāhāraṁ vadāmi, no anāhāraṁ. Ko cāhāro asatāsampajaññassa? ‘Ayonisomanasikāro’tissa vacanīyaṁ. Ayonisomanasikārampāhaṁ, bhikkhave, sāhāraṁ vadāmi, no anāhāraṁ. Ko cāhāro ayonisomanasikārassa? ‘Assaddhiyan’tissa vacanīyaṁ. Assaddhiyampāhaṁ, bhikkhave, sāhāraṁ vadāmi, no anāhāraṁ. Ko cāhāro assaddhiyassa? ‘Asaddhammassavanan’tissa vacanīyaṁ. Asaddhammassavanampāhaṁ, bhikkhave, sāhāraṁ vadāmi, no anāhāraṁ. Ko cāhāro asaddhammassavanassa? ‘Asappurisasaṁsevo’tissa vacanīyaṁ.

    I say that ignorance is fueled by something, it’s not unfueled. And what is the fuel for ignorance? You should say: ‘The five hindrances.’ I say that the five hindrances are fueled by something, they’re not unfueled. And what is the fuel for the five hindrances? You should say: ‘The three kinds of misconduct.’ I say that the three kinds of misconduct are fueled by something, they’re not unfueled. And what is the fuel for the three kinds of misconduct? You should say: ‘Lack of sense restraint.’ I say that lack of sense restraint is fueled by something, it’s not unfueled. And what is the fuel for lack of sense restraint? You should say: ‘Lack of mindfulness and situational awareness.’ I say that lack of mindfulness and situational awareness is fueled by something, it’s not unfueled. And what is the fuel for lack of mindfulness and situational awareness? You should say: ‘Irrational application of mind.’ I say that irrational application of mind is fueled by something, it’s not unfueled. And what is the fuel for irrational application of mind? You should say: ‘Lack of faith.’ I say that lack of faith is fueled by something, it’s not unfueled. And what is the fuel for lack of faith? You should say: ‘Listening to an untrue teaching.’ I say that listening to an untrue teaching is fueled by something, it’s not unfueled. And what is the fuel for listening to an untrue teaching? You should say: ‘Associating with bad people.’

    इति खो, भिक्खवे, असप्पुरिससंसेवो परिपूरो असद्धम्मस्सवनं परिपूरेति, असद्धम्मस्सवनं परिपूरं अस्सद्धियं परिपूरेति, अस्सद्धियं परिपूरं अयोनिसोमनसिकारं परिपूरेति, अयोनिसोमनसिकारो परिपूरो असतासम्पजञ्ञं परिपूरेति, असतासम्पजञ्ञं परिपूरं इन्द्रियअसंवरं परिपूरेति, इन्द्रियअसंवरो परिपूरो तीणि दुच्चरितानि परिपूरेति, तीणि दुच्चरितानि परिपूरानि पञ्च नीवरणे परिपूरेन्ति, पञ्च नीवरणा परिपूरा अविज्जं परिपूरेन्ति; एवमेतिस्सा अविज्जाय आहारो होति, एवञ्च पारिपूरि।

    Iti kho, bhikkhave, asappurisasaṁsevo paripūro asaddhammassavanaṁ paripūreti, asaddhammassavanaṁ paripūraṁ assaddhiyaṁ paripūreti, assaddhiyaṁ paripūraṁ ayonisomanasikāraṁ paripūreti, ayonisomanasikāro paripūro asatāsampajaññaṁ paripūreti, asatāsampajaññaṁ paripūraṁ indriyaasaṁvaraṁ paripūreti, indriyaasaṁvaro paripūro tīṇi duccaritāni paripūreti, tīṇi duccaritāni paripūrāni pañca nīvaraṇe paripūrenti, pañca nīvaraṇā paripūrā avijjaṁ paripūrenti; evametissā avijjāya āhāro hoti, evañca pāripūri.

    In this way, when the factor of associating with bad people is fulfilled, it fulfills the factor of listening to an untrue teaching. When the factor of listening to an untrue teaching is fulfilled, it fulfills the factor of lack of faith … irrational application of mind … lack of mindfulness and situational awareness … lack of sense restraint …the three kinds of misconduct … the five hindrances. When the five hindrances are fulfilled, they fulfill ignorance. That’s the fuel for ignorance, and that’s how it’s fulfilled.

    सेय्यथापि, भिक्खवे, उपरिपब्बते थुल्लफुसितके देवे वस्सन्ते (…) तं उदकं यथानिन्नं पवत्तमानं पब्बतकन्दरपदरसाखा परिपूरेति, पब्बतकन्दरपदरसाखा परिपूरा कुसोब्भे परिपूरेन्ति। कुसोब्भा परिपूरा महासोब्भे परिपूरेन्ति, महासोब्भा परिपूरा कुन्नदियो परिपूरेन्ति, कुन्नदियो परिपूरा महानदियो परिपूरेन्ति, महानदियो परिपूरा महासमुद्दं सागरं परिपूरेन्ति; एवमेतस्स महासमुद्दस्स सागरस्स आहारो होति, एवञ्च पारिपूरि।

    Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, uparipabbate thullaphusitake deve vassante (…) taṁ udakaṁ yathāninnaṁ pavattamānaṁ pabbatakandarapadarasākhā paripūreti, pabbatakandarapadarasākhā paripūrā kusobbhe paripūrenti. Kusobbhā paripūrā mahāsobbhe paripūrenti, mahāsobbhā paripūrā kunnadiyo paripūrenti, kunnadiyo paripūrā mahānadiyo paripūrenti, mahānadiyo paripūrā mahāsamuddaṁ sāgaraṁ paripūrenti; evametassa mahāsamuddassa sāgarassa āhāro hoti, evañca pāripūri.

    It’s like when the rain pours down on a mountain top, and the water flows downhill to fill the hollows, crevices, and creeks. As they become full, they fill up the pools. The pools fill up the lakes, the lakes fill up the streams, and the streams fill up the rivers. And as the rivers become full, they fill up the ocean. That’s the fuel for the ocean, and that’s how it’s filled up.

    एवमेवं खो, भिक्खवे, असप्पुरिससंसेवो परिपूरो असद्धम्मस्सवनं परिपूरेति, असद्धम्मस्सवनं परिपूरं अस्सद्धियं परिपूरेति, अस्सद्धियं परिपूरं अयोनिसोमनसिकारं परिपूरेति, अयोनिसोमनसिकारो परिपूरो असतासम्पजञ्ञं परिपूरेति, असतासम्पजञ्ञं परिपूरं इन्द्रियअसंवरं परिपूरेति, इन्द्रियअसंवरो परिपूरो तीणि दुच्चरितानि परिपूरेति, तीणि दुच्चरितानि परिपूरानि पञ्च नीवरणे परिपूरेन्ति, पञ्च नीवरणा परिपूरा अविज्जं परिपूरेन्ति; एवमेतिस्सा अविज्जाय आहारो होति, एवञ्च पारिपूरि।

    Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, asappurisasaṁsevo paripūro asaddhammassavanaṁ paripūreti, asaddhammassavanaṁ paripūraṁ assaddhiyaṁ paripūreti, assaddhiyaṁ paripūraṁ ayonisomanasikāraṁ paripūreti, ayonisomanasikāro paripūro asatāsampajaññaṁ paripūreti, asatāsampajaññaṁ paripūraṁ indriyaasaṁvaraṁ paripūreti, indriyaasaṁvaro paripūro tīṇi duccaritāni paripūreti, tīṇi duccaritāni paripūrāni pañca nīvaraṇe paripūrenti, pañca nīvaraṇā paripūrā avijjaṁ paripūrenti; evametissā avijjāya āhāro hoti, evañca pāripūri.

    In the same way, when the factor of associating with bad people is fulfilled, it fulfills the factor of listening to an untrue teaching. When the factor of listening to an untrue teaching is fulfilled, it fulfills the factor of lack of faith … irrational application of mind … lack of mindfulness and situational awareness … lack of sense restraint …the three kinds of misconduct … the five hindrances. When the five hindrances are fulfilled, they fulfill ignorance. That’s the fuel for ignorance, and that’s how it’s fulfilled.

    विज्जाविमुत्तिम्पाहं, भिक्खवे, साहारं वदामि, नो अनाहारं। को चाहारो विज्जाविमुत्तिया? ‘सत्त बोज्झङ्गाऽतिस्स वचनीयं। सत्तपाहं, भिक्खवे, बोज्झङ्गे साहारे वदामि, नो अनाहारे। को चाहारो सत्तन्नं बोज्झङ्गानं? ‘चत्तारो सतिपट्ठानाऽतिस्स वचनीयं। चत्तारोपाहं, भिक्खवे, सतिपट्ठाने साहारे वदामि, नो अनाहारे। को चाहारो चतुन्नं सतिपट्ठानानं? ‘तीणि सुचरितानीऽतिस्स वचनीयं। तीणिपाहं, भिक्खवे, सुचरितानि साहारानि वदामि, नो अनाहारानि। को चाहारो तिण्णं सुचरितानं? ‘इन्द्रियसंवरोऽतिस्स वचनीयं। इन्द्रियसंवरम्पाहं, भिक्खवे, साहारं वदामि, नो अनाहारं। को चाहारो इन्द्रियसंवरस्स? ‘सतिसम्पजञ्ञन्ऽतिस्स वचनीयं। सतिसम्पजञ्ञम्पाहं, भिक्खवे, साहारं वदामि, नो अनाहारं। को चाहारो सतिसम्पजञ्ञस्स? ‘योनिसोमनसिकारोऽतिस्स वचनीयं। योनिसोमनसिकारम्पाहं, भिक्खवे, साहारं वदामि, नो अनाहारं। को चाहारो योनिसोमनसिकारस्स? ‘सद्धाऽतिस्स वचनीयं। सद्धम्पाहं, भिक्खवे, साहारं वदामि, नो अनाहारं। को चाहारो सद्धाय? ‘सद्धम्मस्सवनन्ऽतिस्स वचनीयं। सद्धम्मस्सवनम्पाहं, भिक्खवे, साहारं वदामि, नो अनाहारं। को चाहारो सद्धम्मस्सवनस्स? ‘सप्पुरिससंसेवोऽतिस्स वचनीयं।

    Vijjāvimuttimpāhaṁ, bhikkhave, sāhāraṁ vadāmi, no anāhāraṁ. Ko cāhāro vijjāvimuttiyā? ‘Satta bojjhaṅgā’tissa vacanīyaṁ. Sattapāhaṁ, bhikkhave, bojjhaṅge sāhāre vadāmi, no anāhāre. Ko cāhāro sattannaṁ bojjhaṅgānaṁ? ‘Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’tissa vacanīyaṁ. Cattāropāhaṁ, bhikkhave, satipaṭṭhāne sāhāre vadāmi, no anāhāre. Ko cāhāro catunnaṁ satipaṭṭhānānaṁ? ‘Tīṇi sucaritānī’tissa vacanīyaṁ. Tīṇipāhaṁ, bhikkhave, sucaritāni sāhārāni vadāmi, no anāhārāni. Ko cāhāro tiṇṇaṁ sucaritānaṁ? ‘Indriyasaṁvaro’tissa vacanīyaṁ. Indriyasaṁvarampāhaṁ, bhikkhave, sāhāraṁ vadāmi, no anāhāraṁ. Ko cāhāro indriyasaṁvarassa? ‘Satisampajaññan’tissa vacanīyaṁ. Satisampajaññampāhaṁ, bhikkhave, sāhāraṁ vadāmi, no anāhāraṁ. Ko cāhāro satisampajaññassa? ‘Yonisomanasikāro’tissa vacanīyaṁ. Yonisomanasikārampāhaṁ, bhikkhave, sāhāraṁ vadāmi, no anāhāraṁ. Ko cāhāro yonisomanasikārassa? ‘Saddhā’tissa vacanīyaṁ. Saddhampāhaṁ, bhikkhave, sāhāraṁ vadāmi, no anāhāraṁ. Ko cāhāro saddhāya? ‘Saddhammassavanan’tissa vacanīyaṁ. Saddhammassavanampāhaṁ, bhikkhave, sāhāraṁ vadāmi, no anāhāraṁ. Ko cāhāro saddhammassavanassa? ‘Sappurisasaṁsevo’tissa vacanīyaṁ.

    I say that knowledge and freedom are fueled by something, they’re not unfueled. And what is the fuel for knowledge and freedom? You should say: ‘The seven awakening factors.’ I say that the seven awakening factors are fueled by something, they’re not unfueled. And what is the fuel for the seven awakening factors? You should say: ‘The four kinds of mindfulness meditation.’ I say that the four kinds of mindfulness meditation are fueled by something, they’re not unfueled. And what is the fuel for the four kinds of mindfulness meditation? You should say: ‘The three kinds of good conduct.’ I say that the three kinds of good conduct are fueled by something, they’re not unfueled. And what is the fuel for the three kinds of good conduct? You should say: ‘Sense restraint.’ I say that sense restraint is fueled by something, it’s not unfueled. And what is the fuel for sense restraint? You should say: ‘Mindfulness and situational awareness.’ I say that mindfulness and situational awareness is fueled by something, it’s not unfueled. And what is the fuel for mindfulness and situational awareness? You should say: ‘Rational application of mind.’ I say that rational application of mind is fueled by something, it’s not unfueled. And what is the fuel for rational application of mind? You should say: ‘Faith.’ I say that faith is fueled by something, it’s not unfueled. And what is the fuel for faith? You should say: ‘Listening to the true teaching.’ I say that listening to the true teaching is fueled by something, it’s not unfueled. And what is the fuel for listening to the true teaching? You should say: ‘Associating with good people.’

    इति खो, भिक्खवे, सप्पुरिससंसेवो परिपूरो सद्धम्मस्सवनं परिपूरेति, सद्धम्मस्सवनं परिपूरं सद्धं परिपूरेति, सद्धा परिपूरा योनिसोमनसिकारं परिपूरेति, योनिसोमनसिकारो परिपूरो सतिसम्पजञ्ञं परिपूरेति, सतिसम्पजञ्ञं परिपूरं इन्द्रियसंवरं परिपूरेति, इन्द्रियसंवरो परिपूरो तीणि सुचरितानि परिपूरेति, तीणि सुचरितानि परिपूरानि चत्तारो सतिपट्ठाने परिपूरेन्ति, चत्तारो सतिपट्ठाना परिपूरा सत्त बोज्झङ्गे परिपूरेन्ति, सत्त बोज्झङ्गा परिपूरा विज्जाविमुत्तिं परिपूरेन्ति; एवमेतिस्सा विज्जाविमुत्तिया आहारो होति, एवञ्च पारिपूरि।

    Iti kho, bhikkhave, sappurisasaṁsevo paripūro saddhammassavanaṁ paripūreti, saddhammassavanaṁ paripūraṁ saddhaṁ paripūreti, saddhā paripūrā yonisomanasikāraṁ paripūreti, yonisomanasikāro paripūro satisampajaññaṁ paripūreti, satisampajaññaṁ paripūraṁ indriyasaṁvaraṁ paripūreti, indriyasaṁvaro paripūro tīṇi sucaritāni paripūreti, tīṇi sucaritāni paripūrāni cattāro satipaṭṭhāne paripūrenti, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā paripūrā satta bojjhaṅge paripūrenti, satta bojjhaṅgā paripūrā vijjāvimuttiṁ paripūrenti; evametissā vijjāvimuttiyā āhāro hoti, evañca pāripūri.

    In this way, when the factor of associating with good people is fulfilled, it fulfills the factor of listening to the true teaching. When the factor of listening to the true teaching is fulfilled, it fulfills the factor of faith … rational application of mind … mindfulness and situational awareness … sense restraint …the three kinds of good conduct … the four kinds of mindfulness meditation … the seven awakening factors. When the seven awakening factors are fulfilled, they fulfill knowledge and freedom. That’s the fuel for knowledge and freedom, and that’s how it’s fulfilled.

    सेय्यथापि, भिक्खवे, उपरिपब्बते थुल्लफुसितके देवे वस्सन्ते तं उदकं यथानिन्नं पवत्तमानं पब्बतकन्दरपदरसाखा परिपूरेति, पब्बतकन्दरपदरसाखा परिपूरा कुसोब्भे परिपूरेन्ति, कुसोब्भा परिपूरा महासोब्भे परिपूरेन्ति, महासोब्भा परिपूरा कुन्नदियो परिपूरेन्ति, कुन्नदियो परिपूरा महानदियो परिपूरेन्ति, महानदियो परिपूरा महासमुद्दं सागरं परिपूरेन्ति; एवमेतस्स महासमुद्दस्स सागरस्स आहारो होति, एवञ्च पारिपूरि।

    Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, uparipabbate thullaphusitake deve vassante taṁ udakaṁ yathāninnaṁ pavattamānaṁ pabbatakandarapadarasākhā paripūreti, pabbatakandarapadarasākhā paripūrā kusobbhe paripūrenti, kusobbhā paripūrā mahāsobbhe paripūrenti, mahāsobbhā paripūrā kunnadiyo paripūrenti, kunnadiyo paripūrā mahānadiyo paripūrenti, mahānadiyo paripūrā mahāsamuddaṁ sāgaraṁ paripūrenti; evametassa mahāsamuddassa sāgarassa āhāro hoti, evañca pāripūri.

    It’s like when it rains heavily on a mountain top, and the water flows downhill to fill the hollows, crevices, and creeks. As they become full, they fill up the pools. The pools fill up the lakes, the lakes fill up the streams, and the streams fill up the rivers. And as the rivers become full, they fill up the ocean. That’s the fuel for the ocean, and that’s how it’s filled up.

    एवमेवं खो, भिक्खवे, सप्पुरिससंसेवो परिपूरो सद्धम्मस्सवनं परिपूरेति, सद्धम्मस्सवनं परिपूरं सद्धं परिपूरेति, सद्धा परिपूरा योनिसोमनसिकारं परिपूरेति, योनिसोमनसिकारो परिपूरो सतिसम्पजञ्ञं परिपूरेति, सतिसम्पजञ्ञं परिपूरं इन्द्रियसंवरं परिपूरेति, इन्द्रियसंवरो परिपूरो तीणि सुचरितानि परिपूरेति, तीणि सुचरितानि परिपूरानि चत्तारो सतिपट्ठाने परिपूरेन्ति, चत्तारो सतिपट्ठाना परिपूरा सत्त बोज्झङ्गे परिपूरेन्ति, सत्त बोज्झङ्गा परिपूरा विज्जाविमुत्तिं परिपूरेन्ति; एवमेतिस्सा विज्जाविमुत्तिया आहारो होति, एवञ्च पारिपूरी”ति।

    Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, sappurisasaṁsevo paripūro saddhammassavanaṁ paripūreti, saddhammassavanaṁ paripūraṁ saddhaṁ paripūreti, saddhā paripūrā yonisomanasikāraṁ paripūreti, yonisomanasikāro paripūro satisampajaññaṁ paripūreti, satisampajaññaṁ paripūraṁ indriyasaṁvaraṁ paripūreti, indriyasaṁvaro paripūro tīṇi sucaritāni paripūreti, tīṇi sucaritāni paripūrāni cattāro satipaṭṭhāne paripūrenti, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā paripūrā satta bojjhaṅge paripūrenti, satta bojjhaṅgā paripūrā vijjāvimuttiṁ paripūrenti; evametissā vijjāvimuttiyā āhāro hoti, evañca pāripūrī”ti.

    In the same way, when the factor of associating with good people is fulfilled, it fulfills the factor of listening to the true teaching. When the factor of listening to the true teaching is fulfilled, it fulfills the factor of faith … rational application of mind … mindfulness and situational awareness … sense restraint …the three kinds of good conduct … the four kinds of mindfulness meditation … the seven awakening factors. When the seven awakening factors are fulfilled, they fulfill knowledge and freedom. That’s the fuel for knowledge and freedom, and that’s how it’s fulfilled.”

    पठमं।

    Paṭhamaṁ.





    The authoritative text of the Aṅguttara Nikāya is the Pāli text. The English translation is provided as an aid to the study of the original Pāli text. [CREDITS »]


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