5. Bahujanahitasuttavaṇṇanā

84. Pañcame loketi ettha tayo lokā – sattaloko, saṅkhāraloko, okāsalokoti. Tesu indriyabaddhānaṃ rūpadhammānaṃ arūpadhammānaṃ rūpārūpadhammānañca santānavasena vattamānānaṃ samūho sattaloko, pathavīpabbatādibhedo okāsaloko, ubhayepi khandhā saṅkhāraloko. Tesu sattaloko idha adhippeto. Tasmā loketi sattaloke. Tatthāpi na devaloke, na brahmaloke, manussaloke. Manussalokepi na aññasmiṃ cakkavāḷe, imasmiṃyeva cakkavāḷe. Tatrāpi na sabbaṭṭhānesu, ‘‘puratthimāya disāya gajaṅgalaṃ nāma nigamo, tassa aparena mahāsālā, tato paraṃ paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe; puratthimadakkhiṇāya disāya sallavatī nāma nadī, tato paraṃ paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe; dakkhiṇāya disāya setakaṇṇikaṃ nāma nigamo, tato paraṃ paccantimā janapadā , orato majjhe; pacchimāya disāya thūṇaṃ nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tato paraṃ paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe; uttarāya disāya usiraddhajo nāma pabbato, tato paraṃ paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe’’ti (mahāva. 259) evaṃ paricchinne āyāmato tiyojanasate vitthārato aḍḍhateyyayojanasate parikkhepato navayojanasate majjhimadese uppajjati tathāgato. Na kevalañca tathāgatova paccekabuddhā aggasāvakā asītimahātherā buddhamātā buddhapitā cakkavattirājā aññe ca sārappattā brāhmaṇagahapatikā ettheva uppajjanti. Idha pana tathāgatavāreyeva sabbatthakavasena ayaṃ nayo labbhati, itaresu ekadesavasena.

Uppajjamānāuppajjantīti idaṃ pana ubhayampi vippakatavacanameva, uppajjantā bahujanahitatthāya uppajjanti, na aññena kāraṇenāti evamettha attho veditabbo. Evarūpañhettha saddalakkhaṇaṃ na sakkā aññena saddalakkhaṇena paṭibāhituṃ.

Apica uppajjamāno nāma uppajjati nāma uppanno nāmāti ayaṃ pabhedo veditabbo. Tathāgato hi mahābhinīhāraṃ karonto, buddhakare dhamme pariyesanto, pāramiyo pūrento, pañca mahāpariccāge pariccajanto, ñātatthacariyaṃ caranto, lokatthacariyaṃ, buddhatthacariyaṃ koṭiṃ pāpento, pāramiyo pūretvā tusitabhavane tiṭṭhanto, tato otaritvā carimabhave paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhanto, agāramajjhe vasanto, abhinikkhamanto, mahāpadhānaṃ padahanto, paripakkañāṇo bodhimaṇḍaṃ āruyha mārabalaṃ vidhamento paṭhamayāme pubbenivāsaṃ anussaranto, majjhimayāme dibbacakkhuṃ visodhento, pacchimayāme paṭiccasamuppāde ñāṇaṃ otāretvā anekākāraṃ sabbasaṅkhāre sammasitvā sotāpattimaggaṃ paṭivijjhanto yāva anāgāmiphalaṃ sacchikarontopi uppajjamāno eva nāma, arahattamaggakkhaṇe uppajjati nāma, arahattaphalakkhaṇe pana uppanno nāma. Buddhānañhi sāvakānaṃ viya na paṭipāṭiyā iddhividhañāṇādīnaṃ uppādanakiccaṃ atthi, saheva pana arahattamaggena sakalopi buddhaguṇarāsi āgatova nāma hoti. Tasmā te nibbattasabbakiccattā arahattaphalakkhaṇe uppannā nāma honti. Idha arahattaphalakkhaṇaṃ sandhāya ‘‘uppajjatī’’ti vutto. Uppanno hotīti ayañhettha attho.

Sāvakopi khīṇāsavo sāvakabodhiyā hetubhūte puññasambhāre sambharanto pubbayogaṃ pubbacariyaṃ gatapaccāgatavattaṃ pūrento carimabhave nibbattanto anukkamena viññutaṃ patvā saṃsāre ādīnavaṃ disvā pabbajjāya cetayamāno pabbajjaṃ matthakaṃ pāpetvā sīlādīni paripūrento dhutadhamme samādāya vattamāno jāgariyaṃ anuyuñjanto ñāṇāni nibbattento vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā heṭṭhimamagge adhigacchantopi uppajjamāno eva nāma, arahattamaggakkhaṇe uppajjati nāma, arahattaphalakkhaṇe pana uppanno nāma. Sekkho pana pubbūpanissayato paṭṭhāya yāva gotrabhuñāṇā uppajjamāno nāma, paṭhamamaggakkhaṇe uppajjati nāma, paṭhamaphalakkhaṇato paṭṭhāya uppanno nāma. Ettāvatā ‘‘tayome, bhikkhave, puggalā loke uppajjamānā uppajjantī’’ti padānaṃ attho vutto hoti.

Idāni bahujanahitāyātiādīsu bahujanahitāyāti mahājanassa hitatthāya. Bahujanasukhāyāti mahājanassa sukhatthāya. Lokānukampāyāti sattalokassa anukampaṃ paṭicca. Katarasattalokassāti ? Yo tathāgatassa dhammadesanaṃ sutvā dhammaṃ paṭivijjhati, amatapānaṃ pivati, tassa. Bhagavato hi dhammacakkappavattanasuttantadesanāya aññātakoṇḍaññappamukhā aṭṭhārasa brahmakoṭiyo dhammaṃ paṭivijjhiṃsu. Evaṃ yāva subhaddaparibbājakavinayanā dhammaṃ paṭividdhasattānaṃ gaṇanā natthi, mahāsamayasuttantadesanāyaṃ maṅgalasuttaṃ, cūḷarāhulovādaṃ, samacittadesanāyanti imesu catūsu ṭhānesu abhisamayaṃ pattasattānaṃ paricchedo natthi. Evametassa aparimāṇassa sattalokassa anukampāya. Sāvakassa pana arahato sekkhassa ca lokānukampāya uppatti dhammasenāpatiādīhi dhammabhaṇḍāgārikādīhi ca desitadesanāya paṭivedhappattasattānaṃ vasena, aparabhāge ca mahāmahindattherādīhi desitadesanāya paṭividdhasaccānaṃ vasena, yāvajjatanā ito paraṃ anāgate ca sāsanaṃ nissāya saggamokkhamaggesu patiṭṭhahantānaṃ vasenapi ayamattho vibhāvetabbo.

Apica bahujanahitāyāti bahujanassa hitatthāya, nesaṃ paññāsampattiyā diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikahitūpadesakoti. Bahujanasukhāyāti bahujanassa sukhatthāya, cāgasampattiyā upakaraṇasukhasampadāyakoti. Lokānukampāyāti lokassa anukampanatthāya, mettākaruṇāsampattiyā mātāpitaro viya lokassa rakkhitā gopitāti. Atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānanti idha devamanussaggahaṇena bhabbapuggale veneyyasatte eva gahetvā tesaṃ nibbānamaggaphalādhigamāya tathāgatassa uppatti dassitā paṭhamavāre, dutiyatatiyavāresu pana arahato sekkhassa ca vasena yojetabbaṃ. Tattha atthāyāti iminā paramatthāya, nibbānāyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Hitāyāti taṃsampāpakamaggatthāyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Nibbānasampāpakamaggato hi uttariṃ hitaṃ nāma natthi. Sukhāyāti phalasamāpattisukhatthāyāti vuttaṃ hoti, tato uttari sukhābhāvato. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ samādhi paccuppannasukho ceva āyatiñca sukhavipāko’’ti (dī. ni. 3.355; a. ni. 5.27; vibha. 804).

Tathāgatotiādīnaṃ padānaṃ attho heṭṭhā vutto. Vijjācaraṇasampannotiādīsu tissopi vijjā bhayabherave (ma. ni. 1.34 ādayo) āgatanayena, chapi vijjā chaḷabhiññāvasena, aṭṭhapi vijjā ambaṭṭhasutte āgatāti vijjāhi, sīlasaṃvarādīhi, pannarasahi caraṇadhammehi ca, anaññasādhāraṇehi sampanno samannāgatoti vijjācaraṇasampanno. Sobhanagamanattā, sundaraṃ ṭhānaṃ gatattā, sammā gatattā, sammā gadattā ca sugato. Sabbathā viditalokattā lokavidū. Natthi etassa uttaroti anuttaro. Purisadamme purisaveneyye sāreti vinetīti purisadammasārathi. Diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi yathārahaṃ anusāsatīti satthā. Sabbassāpi neyyassa sabbappakārena sayambhuñāṇena buddhattā buddhoti ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro pana visuddhimaggato (visuddhi. 1.132-133) gahetabbo.

So dhammaṃ deseti ādi…pe… pariyosānakalyāṇanti so bhagavā sattesu kāruññaṃ paṭicca hitvāpi anuttaraṃ vivekasukhaṃ dhammaṃ deseti. Tañca kho appaṃ vā bahuṃ vā desento ādikalyāṇādippakārameva deseti. Kathaṃ? Ekagāthāpi hi samantabhaddakattā dhammassa paṭhamapādena ādikalyāṇā, dutiyatatiyehi majjhekalyāṇā, pacchimena pariyosānakalyāṇā. Ekānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ nidānena ādikalyāṇaṃ, nigamanena pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sesena majjhekalyāṇaṃ. Nānānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ paṭhamena anusandhinā ādikalyāṇaṃ, pacchimena pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sesehi majjhekalyāṇaṃ. Sakalopi vā sāsanadhammo attano atthabhūtena sīlena ādikalyāṇo, samathavipassanāmaggaphalehi majjhekalyāṇo, nibbānena pariyosānakalyāṇo. Sīlasamādhīhi vā ādikalyāṇo, vipassanāmaggehi majjhekalyāṇo, phalanibbānehi pariyosānakalyāṇo. Buddhasubuddhatāya vā ādikalyāṇo, dhammasudhammatāya majjhekalyāṇo, saṅghasuppaṭipattiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo. Taṃ sutvā tathattāya paṭipannena adhigantabbāya abhisambodhiyā vā ādikalyāṇo, paccekabodhiyā majjhekalyāṇo, sāvakabodhiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo. Suyyamāno cesa nīvaraṇavikkhambhanato savanenapi kalyāṇameva āvahatīti ādikalyāṇo, paṭipajjiyamāno samathavipassanāsukhāvahanato paṭipattiyāpi sukhameva āvahatīti majjhekalyāṇo, tathāpaṭipanno ca paṭipattiphale niṭṭhite tādibhāvāvahanato paṭipattiphalenapi kalyāṇameva āvahatīti pariyosānakalyāṇo. Nāthappabhavattā ca pabhavasuddhiyā ādikalyāṇo, atthasuddhiyā majjhekalyāṇo, kiccasuddhiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘so dhammaṃ deseti ādi…pe… pariyosānakalyāṇa’’nti.

Yaṃ pana bhagavā dhammaṃ desento sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ maggabrahmacariyañca pakāseti, nānānayehi dīpeti, taṃ yathānurūpaṃ atthasampattiyā sātthaṃ, byañjanasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ. Saṅkāsana, pakāsana, vivaraṇa, vibhajana, uttānīkaraṇa paññattiatthapadasamāyogato sātthaṃ, akkharapadabyañjanākāraniruttiniddesasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ, atthagambhīratāpaṭivedhagambhīratāhi vā sātthaṃ, dhammagambhīratādesanāgambhīratāhi sabyañjanaṃ. Atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāvisayato vā sātthaṃ, dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāvisayato sabyañjanaṃ. Paṇḍitavedanīyato parikkhakajanappasādakanti sātthaṃ, saddheyyato lokiyajanappasādakanti sabyañjanaṃ. Gambhīrādhippāyato sātthaṃ, uttānapadato sabyañjanaṃ. Upanetabbassa abhāvato sakalaparipuṇṇabhāvena kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ, apanetabbassa abhāvato niddosabhāvena parisuddhaṃ, apica paṭipattiyā adhigamabyattito sātthaṃ, pariyattiyā āgamabyattito sabyañjanaṃ, sīlādipañcadhammakkhandhapāripūriyā paripuṇṇaṃ, nirupakkilesato nittharaṇatthāya pavattito lokāmisanirapekkhato ca parisuddhaṃ, sikkhattayapariggahitattā brahmabhūtehi seṭṭhehi caritabbato tesaṃ cariyabhāvato ca brahmacariyaṃ. Tasmā ‘‘sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ…pe… pakāsetī’’ti vuccati. Paṭhamoti gaṇanānupubbato sabbalokuttamabhāvato ca paṭhamo puggalo.

Tasseva satthu sāvakoti tasseva yathāvuttaguṇassa satthu sammāsambuddhassa dhammadesanāya savanante jāto dhammasenāpatisadiso sāvako, na pūraṇādi viya paṭiññāmattena satthu sāvako. Pāṭipadoti paṭipadāsaṅkhātena ariyamaggena ariyāya jātiyā jāto bhavoti pāṭipado, aniṭṭhitapaṭipattikicco paṭipajjamānoti attho. Suttageyyādi pariyattidhammo bahuṃ suto etenāti bahussuto. Pātimokkhasaṃvarādisīlena ceva āraññikaṅgādidhutaṅgavatehi ca upapanno sampanno samannāgatoti sīlavatūpapanno. Iti bhagavā ‘‘lokānukampā nāma hitajjhāsayena dhammadesanā, sā ca imesu eva tīsu puggalesu paṭibaddhā’’ti dasseti. Sesaṃ suviññeyyameva.

Gāthāsu tassanvayoti tasseva satthu paṭipattiyā dhammadesanāya ca anugamanena tassanvayo anujāto. Avijjandhakāraṃ vidhamitvā saparasantānesu dhammālokasaṅkhātāya pabhāya karaṇato pabhaṅkarā. Dhammamudīrayantāti catusaccadhammaṃ kathentā. Apāpurantīti ugghāṭenti. Amatassa nibbānassa. Dvāraṃ ariyamaggaṃ. Yogāti kāmayogādito. Satthavāhenāti veneyyasatthavāhanato bhavakantāranittharaṇato satthavāho, bhagavā, tena satthavāhena. Sudesitaṃ maggamanukkamantīti tena sammā desitaṃ ariyamaggaṃ tassa desanānusārena anugacchanti paṭipajjanti. Idhevāti imasmiṃyeva attabhāve. Sesaṃ uttānameva.

Pañcamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.