4. Bhayabheravasuttavaṇṇanā

34.Evaṃme sutanti bhayabheravasuttaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ apubbapadavaṇṇanā – athāti avicchedanatthe nipāto. Khoti avadhāraṇatthe, bhagavato sāvatthiyaṃ vihāre avicchinneyevāti vuttaṃ hoti. Jāṇussoṇīti netaṃ tassa mātāpitūhi katanāmaṃ, apica kho ṭhānantarapaṭilābhaladdhaṃ. Jāṇussoṇiṭṭhānaṃ kira nāmetaṃ purohitaṭṭhānaṃ, taṃ tassa raññā dinnaṃ, tasmā ‘‘jānussoṇī’’ti vuccati. Brahmaṃ aṇatīti brāhmaṇo, mante sajjhāyatīti attho. Idameva hi jātibrāhmaṇānaṃ niruttivacanaṃ. Ariyā pana bāhitapāpattā brāhmaṇāti vuccanti.

Yenabhagavā tenupasaṅkamīti yenāti bhummatthe karaṇavacanaṃ, tasmā yattha bhagavā, tattha upasaṅkamīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Yena vā kāraṇena bhagavā devamanussehi upasaṅkamitabbo, tena kāraṇena upasaṅkamīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Kena ca kāraṇena bhagavā upasaṅkamitabbo? Nānappakāraguṇavisesādhigamādhippāyena, sāduphalūpabhogādhippāyena dijagaṇehi niccaphalitamahārukkho viya.

Upasaṅkamīti ca gatoti vuttaṃ hoti. Upasaṅkamitvāti upasaṅkamanapariyosānadīpanaṃ. Atha vā evaṃ gato tato āsannataraṃ ṭhānaṃ bhagavato samīpasaṅkhātaṃ gantvātipi vuttaṃ hoti. Bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodīti yathā khamanīyādīni pucchanto bhagavā tena, evaṃ sopi bhagavatā saddhiṃ samappavattamodo ahosi, sītodakaṃ viya uṇhodakena sammoditaṃ ekībhāvaṃ agamāsi. Yāya ca ‘‘kacci te, bho gotama, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci bhoto gotamassa gotamasāvakānañca appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāro’’tiādikāya kathāya sammodi, taṃ pītipāmojjasaṅkhātasammodajananato sammodituṃ yuttabhāvato ca sammodanīyaṃ, atthabyañjanamadhuratāya sucirampi kālaṃ sāretuṃ nirantaraṃ pavattetuṃ araharūpato saritabbabhāvato ca sārāṇīyaṃ. Suyyamānasukhato ca sammodanīyaṃ, anussariyamānasukhato ca sāraṇīyaṃ. Tathā byañjanaparisuddhatāya sammodanīyaṃ, atthaparisuddhatāya sāraṇīyanti evaṃ anekehi pariyāyehi sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā pariyosāpetvā niṭṭhāpetvā yenatthena āgato, taṃ pucchitukāmo ekamantaṃ nisīdi.

Ekamantanti bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso, ‘‘visamaṃ candimasūriyā parivattantī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 4.70) viya. Tasmā yathā nisinno ekamantaṃ nisinno hoti, tathā nisīdīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Bhummatthe vā etaṃ upayogavacanaṃ. Nisīdīti upāvisi. Paṇḍitā hi purisā garuṭṭhāniyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā āsanakusalatāya ekamantaṃ nisīdanti, ayañca nesaṃ aññataro, tasmā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.

Kathaṃ nisinno pana ekamantaṃ nisinno hotīti. Cha nisajjadose vajjetvā. Seyyathidaṃ, atidūraṃ accāsannaṃ uparivātaṃ unnatapadesaṃ atisammukhaṃ atipacchāti. Atidūre nisinno hi sace kathetukāmo hoti, uccāsaddena kathetabbaṃ hoti. Accāsanne nisinno saṅghaṭṭanaṃ karoti. Uparivāte nisinno sarīragandhena bādhati. Unnatappadese nisinno agāravaṃ pakāseti. Atisammukhā nisinno sace daṭṭhukāmo hoti, cakkhunā cakkhuṃ āhacca daṭṭhabbaṃ hoti. Atipacchā nisinno sace daṭṭhukāmo hoti, gīvaṃ pasāretvā daṭṭhabbaṃ hoti. Tasmā ayampi ete cha nisajjadose vajjetvā nisīdi, tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ekamantaṃ nisīdī’’ti.

Yemeti ye ime. Kulaputtāti duvidhā kulaputtā jātikulaputtā ācārakulaputtā. Tattha ‘‘tena kho pana samayena raṭṭhapālo nāma kulaputto tasmiṃyeva thullakoṭṭhike aggakulassa putto’’ti (ma. ni. 2.294) evaṃ āgatā uccākulappasutā jātikulaputtā nāma. ‘‘Ye te kulaputtā saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitā’’ti (ma. ni. 3.78) evaṃ āgatā pana yattha katthaci kule pasutāpi ācārasampannā ācārakulaputtā nāma. Idha pana dvīhipi kāraṇehi kulaputtāyeva.

Saddhāti saddhāya. Agārasmāti agārato. Anagāriyanti pabbajjaṃ bhikkhubhāvañca. Pabbajjāpi hi natthettha agāriyanti anagāriyā, agārassa hitaṃ kasigorakkhādikammamettha natthīti attho. Bhikkhupi natthetassa agāranti anagāro, anagārassa bhāvo anagāriyaṃ. Pabbajitāti upagatā, evaṃ sabbathāpi anagāriyasaṅkhātaṃ pabbajjaṃ bhikkhubhāvaṃ vā upagatāti vuttaṃ hoti. Pubbaṅgamoti purato gāmī nāyako. Bahukāroti hitakiriyāya bahūpakāro. Bhavaṃ tesaṃ gotamo samādapetāti te kulaputte bhavaṃ gotamo adhisīlādīni gāhetā sikkhāpetā. Sā janatāti so janasamūho. Diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjatīti dassanānugatiṃ paṭipajjati, yandiṭṭhiko bhavaṃ gotamo yaṃkhantiko yaṃruciko, tepi tandiṭṭhikā honti taṃkhantikā taṃrucikāti attho.

Kasmā panāyaṃ evamāhāti? Esa kira pubbe aneke kulaputte agāramajjhe vasante devaputte viya pañcahi kāmaguṇehi paricāriyamāne anto ca bahi ca susaṃvihitārakkhe disvā, te aparena samayena bhagavato madhurarasaṃ dhammadesanaṃ sutvā saddhāya gharā nikkhamma pabbajitvā ghāsacchādanaparamatāya santuṭṭhe āraññakesu senāsanesu kenaci arakkhiyamānepi anussaṅkitāparisaṅkite haṭṭhapahaṭṭhe udaggudagge addasa, disvā ca imesaṃ kulaputtānaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ phāsuvihāro kaṃ nissāya uppanno’’ti cintento ‘‘samaṇaṃ gotama’’nti bhagavati pasādaṃ alattha. So taṃ pasādaṃ nivedetuṃ bhagavato santikaṃ āgato, tasmā evamāha.

Athassa bhagavā taṃ vacanaṃ sampaṭicchanto abbhanumodanto ca evametaṃ brāhmaṇātiādimāha. Vacanasampaṭicchanānumodanatthoyeva hi ettha ayaṃ evanti nipāto. Mamaṃ uddissāti maṃ uddissa. Saddhāti saddhāyeva. Na iṇaṭṭhā na bhayaṭṭātiādīni sandhāyāha. Īdisānaṃyeva hi bhagavā pubbaṅgamo, na itaresaṃ. Durabhisambhavāni hīti sambhavituṃ dukkhāni dussahāni, na sakkā appesakkhehi ajjhogāhitunti vuttaṃ hoti. Araññavanapatthānīti araññāni ca vanapatthāni ca. Tattha kiñcāpi abhidhamme nippariyāyena, ‘‘nikkhamitvā bahi indakhilā sabbametaṃ arañña’’nti vuttaṃ, tathāpi yantaṃ ‘‘pañcadhanusatikaṃ pacchima’’nti āraññikaṅganipphādakaṃ senāsanaṃ vuttaṃ, tadeva adhippetanti veditabbaṃ.

Vanapatthanti gāmantaṃ atikkamitvā manussānaṃ anupacāraṭṭhānaṃ, yattha na kasīyati na vapīyati. Vuttampi cetaṃ ‘‘vanapatthanti dūrānametaṃ senāsanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ, vanapatthanti vanasaṇḍānametaṃ senāsanānaṃ, vanapatthanti bhiṃsanakānametaṃ, vanapatthanti salomahaṃsānametaṃ, vanapatthanti pariyantānametaṃ, vanapatthanti na manussūpacārānametaṃ senāsanānaṃ adhivacana’’nti. Ettha ca pariyantānanti imamekaṃ pariyāyaṃ ṭhapetvā sesapariyāyehi vanapatthāni veditabbānī. Pantānīti pariyantāni atidūrāni. Dukkaraṃ pavivekanti kāyavivekaṃ dukkaraṃ. Durabhiramanti abhiramituṃ na sukhaṃ. Ekatteti ekībhāve. Kiṃ dasseti? Kāyaviveke katepi tattha cittaṃ abhiramāpetuṃ dukkaraṃ. Dvayaṃdvayārāmo hi ayaṃ lokoti. Haranti maññeti haranti viya ghasanti viya. Manoti manaṃ. Samādhiṃ alabhamānassāti upacārasamādhiṃ vā appanāsamādhiṃ vā alabhantassa. Kiṃ dasseti? Īdisassa bhikkhuno tiṇapaṇṇamigādisaddehi vividhehi ca bhiṃsanakehi vanāni cittaṃ vikkhipanti maññeti, sabbaṃ brāhmaṇo saddhāpabbajitānaṃ kulaputtānaṃ araññavāse (vibha. 529) vimhito āha.

Kāyakammantavārakathā

35. Athassa bhagavā purimanayeneva ‘‘evametaṃ brāhmaṇā’’tiādīhi taṃ taṃ vacanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā abbhanumoditvā ca yasmā soḷasasu ṭhānesu ārammaṇapariggaharahitānaṃyeva tādisāni senāsanāni durabhisambhavāni, na tesu ārammaṇapariggāhayuttānaṃ, attanā ca bodhisatto samāno tādiso ahosi, tasmā attano tādisānaṃ senāsanānaṃ durabhisambhavataṃ dassetuṃ, mayhampi khotiādimāha.

Tattha pubbeva sambodhāti sambodhato pubbeva, ariyamaggappattito aparabhāgeyevāti vuttaṃ hoti. Anabhisambuddhassāti appaṭividdhacatusaccassa. Bodhisattasseva satoti bujjhanakasattasseva sammāsambodhiṃ adhigantuṃ arahasattasseva sato, bodhiyā vā sattasseva laggasseva sato. Dīpaṅkarassa hi bhagavato pādamūle aṭṭhadhammasamodhānena abhinīhārasamiddhito pabhuti tathāgato bodhiyā satto laggo ‘‘pattabbā mayā esā’’ti tadadhigamāya parakkamaṃ amuñcantoyeva āgato, tasmā bodhisattoti vuccati. Tassa mayhanti tassa evaṃ bodhisattasseva sato mayhaṃ. Ye kho keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vāti ye keci pabbajjūpagatā vā bhovādino vā.

Aparisuddhakāyakammantāti aparisuddhena pāṇātipātādinā kāyakammantena samannāgatā. Aparisuddhakāyakammantasandosahetūti aparisuddhassa kāyakammantasaṅkhātassa attano dosassa hetu, aparisuddhakāyakammantakāraṇāti vuttaṃ hoti. Haveti ekaṃsavacane nipāto. Akusalanti sāvajjaṃ akkhemañca. Bhayabheravanti bhayañca bheravañca. Cittutrāsassa ca bhayānakārammaṇassa cetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Tatra bhayaṃ sāvajjaṭṭhena akusalaṃ, bheravaṃ akkhemaṭṭhenāti veditabbaṃ. Avhāyantīti pakkosanti. Kathaṃ? Te hi pāṇātipātādīni katvā ‘‘mayaṃ ayuttamakamhā, sace no te jāneyyuṃ, yesaṃ aparajjhimhā, idāni anubandhitvā anayabyasanaṃ āpādeyyu’’nti araññaṃ pavisitvā gacchantare vā gumbantare vā nisīdanti. Te ‘‘appamattakampi tiṇasaddaṃ vā paṇṇasaddaṃ vā sutvā, idānimhā naṭṭhā’’ti tasanti vittasanti, āgantvā parehi parivāritā viya baddhā vadhitā viya ca honti. Evaṃ taṃ bhayabheravaṃ attani samāropanaṭṭhena avhāyanti pakkosanti.

Nakho panāhaṃ…pe… paṭisevāmīti ahaṃ kho pana aparisuddhakāyakammanto hutvā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni na paṭisevāmi. Ye hi voti ettha voti nipātamattaṃ. Ariyā vuccanti buddhā ca buddhasāvakā ca. Parisuddhakāyakammantāti īdisā hutvā. Tesamahaṃ aññataroti tesaṃ ahampi eko aññataro. Bodhisatto hi gahaṭṭhopi pabbajitopi parisuddhakāyakammantova hoti. Bhiyyoti atirekatthe nipāto. Pallomanti pannalomataṃ, khemaṃ sotthibhāvanti attho. Āpādinti āpajjiṃ, atirekaṃ sotthibhāvaṃ atirekena vā sotthibhāvamāpajjinti vuttaṃ hoti. Araññe vihārāyāti araññe vihāratthāya.

Kāyakammantavārakathā niṭṭhitā.

Vacīkammantavārādivaṇṇanā

36. Esa nayo sabbattha. Ayaṃ pana viseso, vacīkammantavāre tāva aparisuddhavacīkammantāti aparisuddhena musāvādādinā vacīkammantena samannāgatā. Te kathaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti? Te musāvādena parassa atthaṃ bhañjitvā, pisuṇavācāya mittabhedaṃ katvā pharusavācāya paresaṃ parisamajjhe mammāni tuditvā niratthakavācāya parasattānaṃ kammante nāsetvā ‘‘mayaṃ ayuttamakamhā, sace no te jāneyyuṃ, yesaṃ aparajjhimhā, idāni anubandhitvā anayabyasanaṃ pāpeyyu’’nti araññaṃ pavisitvā gacchantare vā gumbantare vā nisīdanti. Te ‘‘appamattakampi tiṇasaddaṃ vā paṇṇasaddaṃ vā sutvā idānimhā naṭṭhā’’ti tasanti vittasanti āgantvā parehi parivāritā viya baddhā vadhitā viya ca honti. Evaṃ taṃ bhayabheravaṃ attani samāropanaṭṭhena avhāyanti, pakkosanti.

Manokammantavāre aparisuddhamanokammantāti aparisuddhena abhijjhādinā manokammantena samannāgatā. Te kathaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti? Te paresaṃ rakkhitagopitesu bhaṇḍesu abhijjhāvisamalobhaṃ uppādetvā parassa kujjhitvā parasatte micchādassanaṃ gāhāpetvā mayaṃ ayuttamakamhā…pe… attani samāropanaṭṭhena avhāyanti pakkosanti.

Ājīvavāre aparisuddhājīvāti aparisuddhena vejjakammadūtakammavaḍḍhipayogādinā ekavīsatianesanabhedena ājīvena samannāgatā. Te kathaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti? Te evaṃ jīvikaṃ kappetvā suṇanti – ‘‘sāsanasodhakā kira tepiṭakā bhikkhū sāsanaṃ sodhetuṃ nikkhantā, ajja vā sve vā idhāgamissantī’’ti araññaṃ pavisitvā gacchantare vā…pe… tasanti vittasanti. Te hi āgantvā parivāretvā gahitā viya odātavatthanivāsitā viya ca hontīti. Sesaṃ tādisameva.

37. Ito paraṃ abhijjhālūtiādīsu kiñcāpi abhijjhābyāpādā manokammantena saṅgahitā tathāpi nīvaraṇavasena puna vuttāti veditabbā. Tattha abhijjhālūti parabhaṇḍādiabhijjhāyanasīlā. Kāmesu tibbasārāgāti vatthukāmesu bahalakilesarāgā, te kathaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti? Te avavatthitārammaṇā honti, tesaṃ avavatthitārammaṇānaṃ araññe viharantānaṃ divā diṭṭhaṃ rattiṃ bhayabheravaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti – ‘‘te ākulacittā appamattakenapi tasanti vittasanti, rajjuṃ vā lataṃ vā disvā sappasaññino honti, khāṇuṃ disvā yakkhasaññino, thalaṃ vā pabbataṃ vā disvā hatthisaññino sappādīhi anayabyasanaṃ āpāditā viya hontī’’ti. Sesaṃ tādisameva.

38.Byāpannacittāti pakatibhāvavijahanena vipannacittā. Kilesānugatañhi cittaṃ pakatibhāvaṃ vijahati, purāṇabhattabyañjanaṃ viya pūtikaṃ hoti. Paduṭṭhamanasaṅkappāti paduṭṭhacittasaṅkappā, abhadrakena paresaṃ anatthajanakena cittasaṅkappena samannāgatāti vuttaṃ hoti. Te kathaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti? Bhayabheravāvhāyanaṃ ito pabhuti abhijjhāluvāre vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Yattha pana viseso bhavissati, tattha vakkhāma. Na kho panāhaṃ byāpannacittoti ettha pana mettacitto ahaṃ hitacittoti dasseti, īdisā hi bodhisattā honti. Evaṃ sabbattha vuttadosapaṭipakkhavasena bodhisattassa guṇā vaṇṇetabbā.

39.Thinamiddhapariyuṭṭhitāti cittagelaññabhūtena thinena sesanāmakāyagelaññabhūtena middhena ca pariyuṭṭhitā, abhibhūtā gahitāti vuttaṃ hoti. Te niddābahulā honti.

40.Uddhatāti uddhaccapakatikā vipphandamānacittā, uddhaccena hi ekārammaṇe cittaṃ vipphandati dhajayaṭṭhiyaṃ vātena paṭākā viya. Avūpasantacittāti anibbutacittā, idha kukkuccaṃ gahetuṃ vaṭṭati.

41.Kaṅkhī vicikicchīti ettha ekamevidaṃ pañcamaṃ nīvaraṇaṃ. Kiṃ nu kho idanti ārammaṇaṃ kaṅkhanato kaṅkhā, idamevidanti nicchetuṃ asamatthabhāvato vicikicchāti vuccati, tena samannāgatā samaṇabrāhmaṇā ‘‘kaṅkhī vicikicchī’’ti vuttā.

42.Attukkaṃsanakā paravambhīti ye attānaṃ ukkaṃsenti ukkhipanti, ucce ṭhāne ṭhapenti, parañca vambhenti garahanti nindanti, nīce ṭhāne ṭhapenti, tesametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Te kathaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti? Te parehi ‘‘asuko ca kira asuko ca attānaṃ ukkaṃsenti, amhe garahanti, dāse viya karonti, gaṇhatha ne’’ti anubaddhā palāyitvā araññaṃ pavisitvā gacchantare vā gumbantare vāti kāyakammantasadisaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.

43.Chambhīti kāyathambhanalomahaṃsanakarena thambhena samannāgatā. Bhīrukajātikāti bhīrukapakatikā, gāmadārakā viya bhayabahulā asūrā kātarāti vuttaṃ hoti.

44.Lābhasakkārasilokanti ettha labbhatīti lābho, catunnaṃ paccayānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Sakkāroti sundarakāro, paccayā eva hi paṇītapaṇītā sundarasundarā ca abhisaṅkharitvā katā sakkārāti vuccanti. Yā ca parehi attano gāravakiriyā pupphādīhi vā pūjā. Silokoti vaṇṇabhaṇanaṃ etaṃ , lābhañca sakkārañca silokañca lābhasakkārasilokaṃ. Nikāmayamānāti patthayamānā. Bhayabheravāvhāyanaṃ abhijjhāluvārasadisameva. Tadatthadīpakaṃ panettha piyagāmikavatthuṃ kathenti –

Eko kira piyagāmiko nāma bhikkhu samādinnadhutaṅgānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ lābhaṃ disvā ‘‘ahampi dhutaṅgaṃ samādiyitvā lābhaṃ uppādemī’’ti cintetvā sosānikaṅgaṃ samādāya susāne vasati. Athekadivasaṃ eko kammamutto jaraggavo divā gocare caritvā rattiṃ tasmiṃ susāne pupphagumbe sīsaṃ katvā romanthayamāno aṭṭhāsi. Piyagāmiko rattiṃ caṅkamanā nikkhanto tassa hanusaddaṃ sutvā cintesi ‘‘addhā maṃ lābhagiddho esa susāne vasatīti ñatvā devarājā viheṭhetuṃ āgato’’ti, so jaraggavassa purato añjaliṃ paggahetvā ‘‘sappurisa devarāja ajja me ekarattiṃ khama, sve paṭṭhāya na evaṃ karissāmī’’ti namassamāno sabbarattiṃ yācanto aṭṭhāsi. Tato sūriye uṭṭhite taṃ disvā kattarayaṭṭhiyā paharitvā palāpesi ‘‘sabbarattiṃ maṃ bhiṃsāpesī’’ti.

45.Kusītāti kosajjānugatā. Hīnavīriyāti hīnā vīriyena virahitā viyuttā, nibbīriyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha kusītā kāyikavīriyārambhavirahitā honti, hīnavīriyā cetasikavīriyārambhavirahitā. Te ārammaṇavavatthānamattampi kātuṃ na sakkonti. Tesaṃ avavatthitārammaṇānanti sabbaṃ pubbasadisameva.

46.Muṭṭhassatīti naṭṭhassatī. Asampajānāti paññārahitā, imassa ca paṭipakkhe ‘‘upaṭṭhitassatīhamasmī’’ti vacanato satibhājaniyamevetaṃ. Paññā panettha satidubbalyadīpanatthaṃ vuttā. Duvidhā hi sati paññāsampayuttā paññāvippayuttā ca. Tattha paññāsampayuttā balavatī, vippayuttā dubbalā, tasmā yadāpi tesaṃ sati hoti, tadāpi asampajānantā muṭṭhassatīyeva te, dubbalāya satiyā satikiccābhāvatoti etamatthaṃ dīpetuṃ ‘‘asampajānā’’ti vuttaṃ. Te evaṃ muṭṭhassatī asampajānā ārammaṇavavatthānamattampi kātuṃ na sakkontīti sabbaṃ pubbasadisameva.

47.Asamāhitāti upacārappanāsamādhivirahitā. Vibbhantacittāti ubbhantacittā. Samādhivirahena laddhokāsena uddhaccena tesaṃ samādhivirahānaṃ cittaṃ nānārammaṇesu paribbhamati, vanamakkaṭo viya vanasākhāsu uddhaccena ekārammaṇe vipphandati. Pubbe vuttanayenena te evaṃ asamāhitā vibbhantacittā ārammaṇavavatthānamattampi kātuṃ na sakkontīti sabbaṃ pubbasadisameva.

48.Duppaññāti nippaññānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Paññā pana duṭṭhā nāma natthi. Eḷamūgāti elamukhā, kha-kārassa ga-kāro kato. Lālamukhāti vuttaṃ hoti. Duppaññānañhi kathentānaṃ lālā mukhato galati, lālā ca elāti vuccati. Yathāha ‘‘passelamūgaṃ uragaṃ dujjivha’’nti. Tasmā te ‘‘eḷamūgā’’ti vuccanti. ‘‘Elamukhā’’tipi pāṭho. ‘‘Elamugā’’ti keci paṭhanti, apare ‘‘elamukā’’tipi, sabbattha ‘‘elamukhā’’ti attho. Te kathaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti? Te duppaññā eḷamūgā ārammaṇavavatthānamattampi kātuṃ na sakkonti. Tesaṃ avavatthitārammaṇānaṃ araññe viharantānaṃ divā diṭṭhaṃ rattiṃ bhayabheravaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti ‘‘te ākulacittā appamattakenapi tasanti vittasanti, rajjuṃ vā lataṃ vā disvā sappasaññino honti, khāṇuṃ disvā yakkhasaññino, thalaṃ vā pabbataṃ vā disvā hatthisaññino sappādīhi anayavyasanaṃ āpāditā viya hontī’’ti. Evaṃ taṃ bhayabheravaṃ attani samāropanaṭṭhena avhāyanti pakkosanti. Paññāsampannohamasmīti ettha paññāsampannoti paññāya sampanno samannāgato, no ca kho vipassanāpaññāya, na maggapaññāya, apica kho pana imesu soḷasasu ṭhānesu ārammaṇavavatthānapaññāyāti attho. Sesaṃ sabbattha vuttanayamevāti.

Vacīkammantavārādivaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Soḷasaṭṭhānārammaṇapariggaho niṭṭhito.

Bhayabheravasenāsanādivaṇṇanā

49.Tassamayhanti ko anusandhi? Bodhisatto kira imāni soḷasārammaṇāni pariggaṇhanto ca bhayabheravaṃ adisvā bhayabheravaṃ nāma evarūpāsu rattīsu evarūpe senāsane ca paññāyati, handa naṃ tatthāpi gavesissāmīti bhayabheravagavesanamakāsi, etamatthaṃ bhagavā idāni brāhmaṇassa dassento tassa mayhantiādimāha.

Tattha yā tāti ubhayametaṃ rattīnaṃyeva uddesaniddesavacanaṃ. Abhiññātāti ettha abhīti lakkhaṇatthe upasaggo. Tasmā abhiññātāti candapāripūriyā candaparikkhayenāti evamādīhi lakkhaṇehi ñātāti veditabbā. Abhilakkhitāti ettha upasaggamattameva, tasmā abhilakkhitāti lakkhaṇīyā icceva attho, uposathasamādānadhammassavanapūjāsakkārādikaraṇatthaṃ lakkhetabbā sallakkhetabbā upalakkhetabbāti vuttaṃ hoti.

Cātuddasīti pakkhassa paṭhamadivasato pabhuti catuddasannaṃ pūraṇī ekā ratti. Evaṃ pañcadasī aṭṭhamī ca. Pakkhassāti sukkapakkhassa kaṇhapakkhassa ca. Etā tisso tisso katvā cha rattiyo, tasmā sabbattha pakkhavacanaṃ yojetabbaṃ ‘‘pakkhassa cātuddasī pakkhassa pañcadasī pakkhassa aṭṭhamī’’ti. Atha pañcamī kasmā na gahitāti? Asabbakālikattā. Buddhe kira bhagavati anuppannepi uppajjitvā aparinibbutepi pañcamī anabhilakkhitāyeva, parinibbute pana dhammasaṅgāhakattherā cintesuṃ ‘‘dhammassavanaṃ cirena hotī’’ti. Tato sammannitvā pañcamīti dhammassavanadivasaṃ ṭhapesuṃ, tato pabhuti sā abhilakkhitā jātā, evaṃ asabbakālikattā ettha na gahitāti.

Tathārūpāsūti tathāvidhāsu. Ārāmacetiyānīti pupphārāmaphalārāmādayo ārāmā eva ārāmacetiyāni. Cittīkataṭṭhena hi cetiyānīti vuccanti, pūjanīyaṭṭhenāti vuttaṃ hoti. Vanacetiyānīti baliharaṇavanasaṇḍasubhagavanadevasālavanādīni vanāniyeva vanacetiyāni. Rukkhacetiyānīti gāmanigamādidvāresu pūjanīyarukkhāyeva rukkhacetiyāni. Lokiyā hi dibbādhivatthāti vā maññamānā tesuyeva vā dibbasaññino hutvā ārāmavanarukkhe cittīkaronti , pūjenti, tena te sabbepi cetiyānīti vuccanti. Bhiṃsanakānīti bhayajanakāni, passatopi suṇatopi bhayaṃ janenti. Salomahaṃsānīti saheva lomahaṃsena vattanti, pavisamānasseva lomahaṃsajananato. Appeva nāma passeyyanti api nāma taṃ bhayabheravaṃ passeyyameva. Aparena samayenāti, ‘‘etadahosi yaṃnūnāha’’nti evaṃ cintitakālato paṭṭhāya aññena kālena.

Tattha ca me brāhmaṇa viharatoti tathārūpesu senāsanesu yaṃ yaṃ manussānaṃ āyācanaupahārakaraṇārahaṃ yakkhaṭṭhānaṃ pupphadhūpamaṃsaruhiravasāmedapihakapapphāsasurāmerayādīhi okiṇṇakilinnadharaṇitalaṃ ekanipātaṃ viya yakkharakkhasapisācānaṃ, yaṃ divāpi passantānaṃ hadayaṃ maññe phalati, taṃ ṭhānaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘tattha ca me, brāhmaṇa, viharato’’ti. Mago vā āgacchatīti siṅgāni vā khurāni vā koṭṭento gokaṇṇakhaggadīpivarāhādibhedo mago vā āgacchati, sabbacatuppadānañhi idha magoti nāmaṃ. Katthaci pana kāḷasiṅgālopi vuccati. Yathāha –

‘‘Usabhasseva te khandho, sīhasseva vijambhitaṃ;

Magarāja namo tyatthu, api kiñci labhāmase’’ti. (jā. 1.3.133);

Moro vā kaṭṭhaṃ pātetīti moro vā sukkhakaṭṭhaṃ rukkhato cāletvā pāteti. Moraggahaṇena ca idha sabbapakkhiggahaṇaṃ adhippetaṃ, tena yo koci pakkhīti vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā moro vāti vā saddena añño vā koci pakkhīti. Esa nayo purime magaggahaṇepi. Vāto vā paṇṇakasaṭaṃ eretīti vāto vā paṇṇakacavaraṃ ghaṭṭeti. Etaṃ nūna taṃ bhayabheravaṃ āgacchatīti yametaṃ āgacchati, taṃ bhayabheravaṃ nūnāti. Ito pabhuti ca ārammaṇameva bhayabheravanti veditabbaṃ. Parittassa ca adhimattassa ca bhayassa ārammaṇattā sukhārammaṇaṃ rūpaṃ sukhamiva. Kiṃ nu kho ahaṃ aññadatthu bhayapaṭikaṅkhī viharāmīti ahaṃ kho kiṃ kāraṇaṃ ekaṃseneva bhayaṃ ākaṅkhamāno icchamāno hutvā viharāmi.

Yathābhūtaṃ yathābhūtassāti yena yena iriyāpathena bhūtassa bhavitassa sato vattamānassa samaṅgībhūtassa vā. Meti mama santike. Tathābhūtaṃ tathābhūto vāti tena teneva iriyāpathena bhūto bhavito santo vattamāno samaṅgībhūto vāti attho. So kho ahaṃ…pe… paṭivinemīti bodhisattassa kira caṅkamantassa tasmiṃ magasiṅgakhurasaddādibhede bhayabheravārammaṇe āgate neva mahāsatto tiṭṭhati, na nisīdati na sayati, atha kho caṅkamantova parivīmaṃsanto parivicinanto bhayabheravaṃ na passati, magasiṅgakhurasaddādimattameva cetaṃ hoti, so taṃ ñatvā idaṃ nāmetaṃ, na bhayabheravanti tato tiṭṭhati vā nisīdati vā sayati vā. Etamatthaṃ dassento ‘‘so kho aha’’ntiādimāha. Esa nayo sabbapeyyālesu. Ito parañca iriyāpathapaṭipāṭiyā avatvā āsannapaṭipāṭiyā iriyāpathā vuttāti veditabbā, caṅkamantassa hi bhayabherave āgate na ṭhito na nisinno na nipanno ṭhitassāpi āgate na caṅkamīti evaṃ tassa āsannapaṭipāṭiyā vuttāti.

Bhayabheravasenāsanādivaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Asammohavihāravaṇṇanā

50. Evaṃ bhiṃsanakesupi ṭhānesu attano bhayabheravābhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni jhāyīnaṃ sammohaṭṭhānesu attano asammohavihāraṃ dassetuṃ santi kho pana, brāhmaṇātiādimāha.

Tattha santīti atthi saṃvijjanti upalabbhanti. Rattiṃyeva samānanti rattiṃyeva santaṃ, divāti sañjānantīti ‘‘divaso aya’’nti sañjānanti. Divāyeva samānanti divasaṃyeva santaṃ. Rattīti sañjānantīti ‘‘ratti aya’’nti sañjānanti. Kasmā panete evaṃsaññino hontīti. Vuṭṭhānakosallābhāvato vā sakuṇarutato vā. Kathaṃ? Idhekacco odātakasiṇalābhī divā parikammaṃ katvā divā samāpanno divāyeva vuṭṭhahāmīti manasikāraṃ uppādeti, no ca kho addhānaparicchede kusalo hoti. So divasaṃ atikkamitvā rattibhāge vuṭṭhāti. Odātakasiṇapharaṇavasena cassa visadaṃ hoti vibhūtaṃ suvibhūtaṃ. So, divā vuṭṭhahāmīti uppāditamanasikāratāya odātakasiṇapharaṇavisadavibhūtatāya ca rattiṃyeva samānaṃ divāti sañjānāti. Idha panekacco nīlakasiṇalābhī rattiṃ parikammaṃ katvā rattiṃ samāpanno rattiṃyeva vuṭṭhahāmīti manasikāraṃ uppādeti, no ca kho addhānaparicchede kusalo hoti. So rattiṃ atikkamitvā divasabhāge vuṭṭhāti. Nīlakasiṇapharaṇavasena cassa avisadaṃ hoti avibhūtaṃ. So rattiṃ vuṭṭhahāmīti uppāditamanasikāratāya nīlakasiṇapharaṇāvisadāvibhūtatāya ca divāyeva samānaṃ rattīti sañjānāti. Evaṃ tāva vuṭṭhānakosallābhāvato evaṃsaññino honti.

Sakuṇarutato pana idhekacco antosenāsane nisinno hoti. Atha divā ravanakasakuṇā kākādayo candālokena divāti maññamānā rattiṃ ravanti, aññehi vā kāraṇehi. So tesaṃ saddaṃ sutvā rattiṃyeva samānaṃ divāti sañjānāti. Idha panekacco pabbatantare gambhīrāya ghanavanappaṭicchannāya giriguhāya sattāhavaddalikāya vattamānāya antarahitasūriyāloke kāle nisinno hoti. Atha rattiṃ ravanakasakuṇā ulūkādayo majjhanhikasamayepi tattha tattha samandhakāre nilīnā rattisaññāya vā aññehi vā kāraṇehi ravanti. So tesaṃ saddaṃ sutvā divāyeva samānaṃ rattīti sañjānāti. Evaṃ sakuṇarutato evaṃsaññino hontīti. Idamahanti idaṃ ahaṃ evaṃ sañjānanaṃ . Sammohavihārasmiṃ vadāmīti sammohavihārapariyāpannaṃ antogadhaṃ, sammohavihārānaṃ aññataraṃ vadāmīti vuttaṃ hoti.

Ahaṃ kho pana brāhmaṇa…pe… sañjānāmīti pākaṭo bodhisattassa rattindivaparicchedo sattāhavaddalepi candimasūriyesu adissamānesupi jānātiyeva ‘‘ettakaṃ purebhattakālo gato, ettakaṃ pacchābhattakālo, ettakaṃ paṭhamayāmo, ettakaṃ majjhimayāmo, ettakaṃ pacchimayāmo’’ti, tasmā evamāha. Anacchariyañcetaṃ yaṃ pūritapāramī bodhisatto evaṃ jānāti. Padesañāṇe ṭhitānaṃ sāvakānampi hi rattindivaparicchedo pākaṭo hoti.

Kalyāṇiyamahāvihāre kira godattatthero dvaṅgulakāle bhattaṃ gahetvā aṅgulakāle bhuñjati. Sūriye adissamānepi pātoyeva senāsanaṃ pavisitvā tāya velāya nikkhamati. Ekadivasaṃ ārāmikā ‘‘sve therassa nikkhamanakāle passāmā’’ti bhattaṃ sampādetvā kālatthambhamūle nisīdiṃsu. Thero dvaṅgulakāleyeva nikkhamati. Tato pabhuti kira sūriye adissamānepi therassa nikkhamanasaññāya eva bheriṃ ākoṭenti.

Ajagaravihārepi kāḷadevatthero antovasse yāmagaṇḍikaṃ paharati, āciṇṇametaṃ therassa. Na ca yāmayantanāḷikaṃ payojeti, aññe bhikkhū payojenti. Atha nikkhante paṭhame yāme there muggaraṃ gahetvā ṭhitamatteyeva ekaṃ dve vāre paharanteyeva vā yāmayantaṃ patati, evaṃ tīsu yāmesu samaṇadhammaṃ katvā thero pātoyeva gāmaṃ pavisitvā piṇḍapātaṃ ādāya vihāraṃ āgantvā bhojanavelāya pattaṃ gahetvā divā vihāraṭṭhānaṃ gantvā samaṇadhammaṃ karoti. Bhikkhū kālatthambhaṃ disvā therassa adisvā āgamanatthāya pesenti. So bhikkhu theraṃ divā vihāraṭṭhānā nikkhamantameva vā antarāmagge vā passati. Evaṃ padesañāṇe ṭhitānaṃ sāvakānampi rattindivaparicchedo pākaṭo hoti, kimaṅgaṃ pana bodhisattānanti.

Yaṃ kho taṃ brāhmaṇa…pe… vadeyyāti ettha pana ‘‘yaṃ kho taṃ, brāhmaṇa, asammohadhammo satto loke uppanno…pe… sukhāya devamanussāna’’nti vacanaṃ vadamāno koci sammā vadeyya, sammā vadamāno siyā, na vitathavādī assa. Mameva taṃ vacanaṃ vadamāno sammā vadeyya, sammā vadamāno siyā, na vitathavādī assāti evaṃ padasambandho veditabbo.

Tattha asammohadhammoti asammohasabhāvo. Loketi manussaloke. Bahujanahitāyāti bahujanassa hitatthāya, paññāsampattiyā diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikahitūpadesakoti. Bahujanasukhāyāti bahujanassa sukhatthāya, cāgasampattiyā upakaraṇasukhassa dāyakoti. Lokānukampāyāti lokassa anukampatthāya, mettākaruṇāsampattiyā mātāpitaro viya lokassa rakkhitā gopayitāti. Atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānanti idha devamanussaggahaṇena ca bhabbapuggalaveneyyasatteyeva gahetvā tesaṃ nibbānamaggaphalādhigamāya attano uppattiṃ dassetīti veditabbo. Atthāyāti hi vutte paramatthatthāya nibbānāyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Hitāyāti vutte taṃ sampāpakamaggatthāyāti vuttaṃ hoti, nibbānasampāpakamaggato hi uttari hitaṃ nāma natthi. Sukhāyāti vutte phalasamāpattisukhatthāyāti vuttaṃ hoti, tato uttari sukhābhāvato. Vuttañcetaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ samādhi paccuppannasukho ceva āyatiñca sukhavipāko’’ti (dī. ni. 3.355; a. ni. 5.27; vibha. 804).

Asammohavihāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Pubbabhāgapaṭipadādivaṇṇanā

51. Evaṃ bhagavā buddhaguṇapaṭilābhāvasānaṃ attano asammohavihāraṃ brāhmaṇassa dassetvā idāni yāya paṭipadāya taṃ koṭippattaṃ asammohavihāraṃ adhigato, taṃ pubbabhāgato pabhuti dassetuṃ āraddhaṃ kho pana me brāhmaṇātiādimāha.

Keci panāhu ‘‘imaṃ asammohavihāraṃ sutvā brāhmaṇassa cittamevaṃ uppannaṃ ‘kāya nu kho paṭipadāya imaṃ patto’ti, tassa cittamaññāya imāyāhaṃ paṭipadāya imaṃ uttamaṃ asammohavihāraṃ pattoti dassento evamāhā’’ti.

Tattha āraddhaṃ kho pana me, brāhmaṇa, vīriyaṃ ahosīti, brāhmaṇa, na mayā ayaṃ uttamo asammohavihāro kusītena muṭṭhassatinā sāraddhakāyena vikkhittacittena vā adhigato, apica kho tadadhigamāya āraddhaṃ kho pana me vīriyaṃ ahosi, bodhimaṇḍe nisinnena mayā caturaṅgavīriyaṃ āraddhaṃ ahosi, paggahitaṃ asithilappavattitanti vuttaṃ hoti. Āraddhattāyeva ca metaṃ asallīnaṃ ahosi.

Upaṭṭhitā sati asammuṭṭhāti na kevalañca vīriyameva, satipi me ārammaṇābhimukhībhāvena upaṭṭhitā ahosi. Upaṭṭhitattāyeva ca asammuṭṭhā. Passaddho kāyoti kāyacittappassaddhisambhavena kāyopi me passaddho ahosi. Tattha yasmā nāmakāye passaddhe rūpakāyopi passaddhoyeva hoti, tasmā nāmakāyo rūpakāyoti avisesetvāva passaddho kāyoti vuttaṃ. Asāraddhoti so ca kho passaddhattāyeva asāraddho, vigatadarathoti vuttaṃ hoti. Samāhitaṃ cittaṃ ekagganti cittampi me sammā āhitaṃ suṭṭhu ṭhapitaṃ appitaṃ viya ahosi. Samāhitattā eva ca ekaggaṃ acalaṃ nipphandananti, ettāvatā jhānassa pubbabhāgapaṭipadā kathitā hoti.

Idāni imāya paṭipadāya adhigataṃ paṭhamajjhānaṃ ādiṃ katvā vijjāttayapariyosānaṃ visesaṃ dassento so kho ahantiādimāha. Tattha vivicceva kāmehi…pe… catutthajjhānaṃ upasampajjavihāsinti ettha tāva yaṃ vattabbaṃ siyā, taṃ sabbaṃ visuddhimagge pathavīkasiṇakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ. Kevalañhi tattha ‘‘upasampajja viharatī’’ti āgataṃ, idha ‘‘vihāsi’’nti, ayameva viseso. Kiṃ katvā pana bhagavā imāni jhānāni upasampajja vihāsīti, kammaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvetvā. Kataraṃ? Ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhānaṃ.

Imāni ca pana cattāri jhānāni kesañci cittekaggatatthāni honti, kesañci vipassanāpādakāni, kesañci abhiññāpādakāni, kesañci nirodhapādakāni, kesañci bhavokkamanatthāni. Tattha khīṇāsavānaṃ cittekaggatatthāni honti. Te hi samāpajjitvā ekaggacittā sukhaṃ divasaṃ viharissāmāti iccevaṃ kasiṇaparikammaṃ katvā aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattenti. Sekkhaputhujjanānaṃ samāpattito vuṭṭhāya samāhitena cittena vipassissāmāti nibbattentānaṃ vipassanāpādakāni honti. Ye pana aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā abhiññāpādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā samāpattito vuṭṭhāya ‘‘ekopi hutvā bahudhā hotī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.238; paṭi. ma. 1.102) vuttanayā abhiññāyo patthentā nibbattenti, tesaṃ abhiññāpādakāni honti. Ye pana aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā nirodhasamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā sattāhaṃ acittā hutvā diṭṭheva dhamme nirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ patvā sukhaṃ viharissāmāti nibbattenti, tesaṃ nirodhapādakāni honti. Ye pana aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā aparihīnajjhānā brahmaloke uppajjissāmāti nibbattenti, tesaṃ bhavokkamanatthāni honti.

Bhagavatā panidaṃ catutthajjhānaṃ bodhirukkhamūle nibbattitaṃ, taṃ tassa vipassanāpādakañceva ahosi abhiññāpādakañca sabbakiccasādhakañca, sabbalokiyalokuttaraguṇadāyakanti veditabbaṃ.

Pubbabhāgapaṭipadādivaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Pubbenivāsakathāvaṇṇanā

52. Yesañca guṇānaṃ dāyakaṃ ahosi, tesaṃ ekadesaṃ dassento so evaṃ samāhite cittetiādimāha. Tattha dvinnaṃ vijjānaṃ anupadavaṇṇanā ceva bhāvanānayo ca visuddhimagge vitthārito. Kevalañhi tattha ‘‘so evaṃ samāhite citte…pe… abhininnāmetī’’ti vuttaṃ, idha ‘‘abhininnāmesi’’nti. Ayaṃ kho me brāhmaṇāti ayañca appanāvāro tattha anāgatoti ayameva viseso. Tattha soti so ahaṃ. Abhininnāmesinti abhinīhariṃ. Abhininnāmesinti ca vacanato soti ettha so ahanti evamattho veditabbo.

Yasmā cidaṃ bhagavato vasena pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇaṃ āgataṃ, tasmā ‘‘so tato cuto idhūpapanno’’ti ettha evaṃ yojanā veditabbā. Ettha hi so tato cutoti paṭinivattantassa paccavekkhaṇaṃ. Tasmā idhūpapannoti imissā idhūpapattiyā anantaraṃ. Amutra udapādinti tusitabhavanaṃ sandhāyāhāti veditabbo. Tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmoti tatrāpi tusitabhavane setaketu nāma devaputto ahosiṃ. Evaṃgottoti tāhi devatāhi saddhiṃ ekagotto. Evaṃvaṇṇoti suvaṇṇavaṇṇo. Evamāhāroti dibbasudhāhāro. Evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedīti evaṃ dibbasukhapaṭisaṃvedī. Dukkhaṃ pana saṅkhāradukkhamattameva . Evamāyupariyantoti evaṃ sattapaññāsavassakoṭisaṭṭhivassasatasahassāyupariyanto. Sotato cutoti so ahaṃ tato tusitabhavanato cuto. Idhūpapannoti idha mahāmāyāya deviyā kucchimhi nibbatto.

Ayaṃ kho me brāhmaṇātiādīsu meti mayā. Vijjāti viditakaraṇaṭṭhena vijjā. Kiṃ viditaṃ karoti? Pubbenivāsaṃ. Avijjāti tasseva pubbenivāsassa aviditakaraṇaṭṭhena tappaṭicchādako moho vuccati. Tamoti sveva moho paṭicchādakaṭṭhena ‘‘tamo’’ti vuccati. Ālokoti sāyeva vijjā obhāsakaraṇaṭṭhena ‘‘āloko’’ti vuccati. Ettha ca vijjā adhigatāti ayaṃ attho, sesaṃ pasaṃsāvacanaṃ. Yojanā panettha ayaṃ kho me vijjā adhigatā, tassa me adhigatavijjassa avijjā vihatā, vinaṭṭhāti attho. Kasmā? Yasmā vijjā uppannā. Esa nayo itarasmimpi padadvaye.

Yathātanti ettha yathāti opamme. Tanti nipāto. Satiyā avippavāsena appamattassa. Vīriyātāpena ātāpino. Kāye ca jīvite ca anapekkhatāya pahitattassa, pesitattassāti attho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti ‘‘yathā appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avijjā vihaññeyya, vijjā uppajjeyya. Tamo vihaññeyya, āloko uppajjeyya. Evameva mama avijjā vihatā, vijjā uppannā. Tamo vihato, āloko uppanno. Etassa me padhānānuyogassa anurūpameva phalaṃ laddha’’nti.

Pubbenivāsakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Dibbacakkhuñāṇakathāvaṇṇanā

53. Cutūpapātakathāyaṃ yasmā idha bhagavato vasena pāḷi āgatā, tasmā ‘‘passāmi pajānāmī’’ti vuttaṃ, ayaṃ viseso. Sesaṃ visuddhimagge vuttasadisameva.

Ettha pana vijjāti dibbacakkhuñāṇavijjā. Avijjāti sattānaṃ cutipaṭisandhipaṭicchādikā avijjā. Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti. Yasmā ca pūritapāramīnaṃ mahāsattānaṃ parikammakiccaṃ nāma natthi. Te hi citte abhininnāmitamatteyeva anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussaranti, dibbena cakkhunā satte passanti. Tasmā yo tattha parikammaṃ ādiṃ katvā bhāvanānayo vutto, na tena idha atthoti.

Dibbacakkhuñāṇakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Āsavakkhayañāṇakathāvaṇṇanā

54. Tatiyavijjāya so evaṃ samāhite citteti vipassanāpādakaṃ catutthajjhānacittaṃ veditabbaṃ. Āsavānaṃ khayañāṇāyāti arahattamaggañāṇatthāya. Arahattamaggo hi āsavavināsanato āsavānaṃ khayoti vuccati, tatra cetaṃ ñāṇaṃ, tappariyāpannattāti. Cittaṃ abhininnāmesinti vipassanācittaṃ abhinīhariṃ. So idaṃ dukkhanti evamādīsu ‘‘ettakaṃ dukkhaṃ, na ito bhiyyo’’ti sabbampi dukkhasaccaṃ sarasalakkhaṇapaṭivedhena yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ jāniṃ paṭivijjhiṃ. Tassa ca dukkhassa nibbattikaṃ taṇhaṃ ayaṃ dukkhasamudayoti. Tadubhayampi yaṃ ṭhānaṃ patvā nirujjhati, taṃ tesaṃ appavattiṃ nibbānaṃ ayaṃ dukkhanirodhoti. Tassa sampāpakaṃ ariyamaggaṃ ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti sarasalakkhaṇapaṭivedhena yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ jāniṃ paṭivijjhinti evamattho veditabbo.

Evaṃ sarūpato saccāni dassetvā idāni kilesavasena pariyāyato dassento ime āsavātiādimāha. Tassa me evaṃ jānato evaṃ passatoti tassa mayhaṃ evaṃ jānantassa evaṃ passantassa. Saha vipassanāya koṭippattaṃ maggaṃ katheti. Kāmāsavāti kāmāsavato. Vimuccitthāti iminā phalakkhaṇaṃ dasseti, maggakkhaṇe hi cittaṃ vimuccati, phalakkhaṇe vimuttaṃ hoti. Vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇanti iminā paccavekkhaṇañāṇaṃ dasseti. Khīṇā jātītiādīhi tassa bhūmiṃ, tena hi ñāṇena bhagavā paccavekkhanto ‘‘khīṇā jātī’’tiādīni abbhaññāsi. Katamā pana bhagavato jāti khīṇā, kathañca naṃ abbhaññāsīti? Na tāvassa atītā jāti khīṇā, pubbeva khīṇattā, na anāgatā, anāgate vāyāmābhāvato, na paccuppannā, vijjamānattā. Yā pana maggassa abhāvitattā uppajjeyya ekacatupañcavokārabhavesu ekacatupañcakkhandhabhedā jāti, sā maggassa bhāvitattā anuppādadhammataṃ āpajjanena khīṇā, taṃ so maggabhāvanāya pahīnakilese paccavekkhitvā ‘‘kilesābhāve vijjamānampi kammaṃ āyatiṃ appaṭisandhikaṃ hotī’’ti jānanto abbhaññāsi.

Vusitanti vutthaṃ parivutthaṃ, kataṃ caritaṃ niṭṭhitanti attho. Brahmacariyanti maggabrahmacariyaṃ, puthujjanakalyāṇakena hi saddhiṃ sattasekkhā brahmacariyavāsaṃ vasanti nāma, khīṇāsavo vutthavāso. Tasmā bhagavā attano brahmacariyavāsaṃ paccavekkhanto ‘‘vusitaṃ brahmacariya’’nti abbhaññāsi. Kataṃ karaṇīyanti catūsu saccesu catūhi maggehi pariññāpahānasacchikiriyābhāvanāvasena soḷasavidhampi kiccaṃ niṭṭhāpitanti attho. Puthujjanakalyāṇakādayo hi taṃ kiccaṃ karonti, khīṇāsavo katakaraṇīyo. Tasmā bhagavā attano karaṇīyaṃ paccavekkhanto ‘‘kataṃ karaṇīya’’nti abbhaññāsi.

Nāparaṃitthattāyāti idāni puna itthabhāvāya evaṃsoḷasakiccabhāvāya, kilesakkhayāya vā maggabhāvanākiccaṃ me natthīti abbhaññāsi. Atha vā itthattāyāti itthabhāvato imasmā evaṃpakārā idāni vattamānakkhandhasantānā aparaṃ khandhasantānaṃ mayhaṃ natthi. Ime pana pañcakkhandhā pariññātā tiṭṭhanti chinnamūlakā rukkhā viya. Te carimakaviññāṇanirodhena anupādāno viya jātavedo nibbāyissantīti abbhaññāsi.

Idāni evaṃ paccavekkhaṇañāṇapariggahitaṃ āsavānaṃ khayañāṇādhigamaṃ brāhmaṇassa dassento, ayaṃ kho me brāhmaṇātiādimāha. Tattha vijjāti arahattamaggañāṇavijjā. Avijjāti catusaccapaṭicchādikā avijjā. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva. Ettāvatā ca pubbenivāsañāṇena atītaṃsañāṇaṃ, dibbacakkhunā paccuppannānāgataṃsañāṇaṃ, āsavakkhayena sakalalokiyalokuttaraguṇanti evaṃ tīhi vijjāhi sabbepi sabbaññuguṇe saṅgahetvā pakāsento attano asammohavihāraṃ brāhmaṇassa dassesi.

Āsavakkhayañāṇakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Araññavāsakāraṇavaṇṇanā

55. Evaṃ vutte kira brāhmaṇo cintesi – ‘‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaññutaṃ paṭijānāti, ajjāpi ca araññavāsaṃ na vijahati, atthi nu khvassa aññampi kiñci karaṇīya’’nti. Athassa bhagavā ajjhāsayaṃ viditvā iminā ajjhāsayānusandhinā, siyā kho pana tetiādimāha. Tattha siyā kho pana te, brāhmaṇa, evamassāti, brāhmaṇa, kadāci tuyhaṃ evaṃ bhaveyya. Na kho panetaṃ brāhmaṇa evaṃ daṭṭhabbanti etaṃ kho pana, brāhmaṇa, tayā mayhaṃ pantasenāsanapaṭisevanaṃ avītarāgāditāyāti evaṃ na daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evaṃ pantasenāsanapaṭisevane akāraṇaṃ paṭikkhipitvā kāraṇaṃ dassento dve kho ahantiādimāha. Tattha atthoyeva atthavaso. Tasmā dve kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, atthavaseti ahaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, dve atthe dve kāraṇāni sampassamānoti vuttaṃ hoti. Attano ca diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāranti ettha diṭṭhadhammo nāma ayaṃ paccakkho attabhāvo. Sukhavihāro nāma catunnampi iriyāpathavihārānaṃ phāsutā, ekakassa hi araññe antamaso uccārapassāvakiccaṃ upādāya sabbeva iriyāpathā phāsukā honti, tasmā diṭṭhadhammassa sukhavihāranti ayamattho veditabbo. Pacchimañca janataṃ anukampamānoti kathaṃ araññavāsena pacchimā janatā anukampitā hoti? Saddhāpabbajitā hi kulaputtā bhagavato araññavāsaṃ disvā bhagavāpi nāma araññasenāsanāni na muñcati, yassa nevatthi pariññātabbaṃ na pahātabbaṃ na bhāvetabbaṃ na sacchikātabbaṃ, kimaṅgaṃ pana mayanti cintetvā tattha vasitabbameva maññissanti. Evaṃ khippameva dukkhassantakarā bhavissanti. Evaṃ pacchimā janatā anukampitā hoti. Etamatthaṃ dassento āha ‘‘pacchimañca janataṃ anukampamāno’’ti.

Araññavāsakāraṇavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Desanānumodanāvaṇṇanā

56. Taṃ sutvā attamano brāhmaṇo anukampitarūpātiādimāha. Tattha anukampitarūpāti anukampitajātikā anukampitasabhāvā. Janatāti janasamūho. Yathā taṃ arahatā sammāsambuddhenāti yathā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho anukampeyya, tatheva anukampitarūpāti.

Evañca pana vatvā puna taṃ bhagavato dhammadesanaṃ abbhanumodamāno bhagavantaṃ etadavoca abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotamāti. Tatthāyaṃ abhikkantasaddo khayasundarābhirūpaabbhanumodanesu dissati. ‘‘Abhikkantā, bhante, ratti, nikkhanto paṭhamo yāmo, ciranisinno bhikkhusaṅgho’’tiādīsu (cūḷava. 383; a. ni. 8.20) hi khaye dissati. ‘‘Ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 4.100) sundare.

‘‘Ko me vandati pādāni, iddhiyā yasasā jalaṃ;

Abhikkantena vaṇṇena, sabbā obhāsayaṃ disā’’ti. –

Ādīsu (vi. va. 857) abhirūpe. ‘‘Abhikkantaṃ, bhante’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.250; pārā. 15) abbhanumodane . Idhāpi abbhanumodaneyeva. Yasmā ca abbhanumodane, tasmā sādhu sādhu bho, gotamāti vuttaṃ hotīti veditabbaṃ.

‘‘Bhaye kodhe pasaṃsāyaṃ, turite kotūhalacchare;

Hāse soke pasāde ca, kare āmeḍitaṃ budho’’ti. –

Iminā ca lakkhaṇena idha pasādavasena pasaṃsāvasena cāyaṃ dvikkhattuṃ vuttoti veditabbo. Atha vā abhikkantanti abhikantaṃ. Atiiṭṭhaṃ atimanāpaṃ, atisundaranti vuttaṃ hoti.

Tattha ekena abhikkantasaddena desanaṃ thometi, ekena attano pasādaṃ. Ayañhettha adhippāyo – abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, yadidaṃ bhoto gotamassa dhammadesanā, abhikkantaṃ yadidaṃ bhoto gotamassa dhammadesanaṃ āgamma mama pasādoti. Bhagavatoyeva vā vacanaṃ dve dve atthe sandhāya thometi – bhoto gotamassa vacanaṃ abhikkantaṃ dosanāsanato, abhikkantaṃ guṇādhigamanato, tathā saddhājananato, paññājananato, sātthato, sabyañjanato, uttānapadato, gambhīratthato, kaṇṇasukhato, hadayaṅgamato, anattukkaṃsanato, aparavambhanato, karuṇāsītalato, paññāvadātato, āpātharamaṇīyato, vimaddakkhamato, suyyamānasukhato, vīmaṃsīyamānahitatoti evamādīhi yojetabbaṃ.

Tato parampi catūhi upamāhi desanaṃyeva thometi. Tattha nikkujjitanti adhomukhaṭhapitaṃ, heṭṭhāmukhajātaṃ vā. Ukkujjeyyāti upari mukhaṃ kareyya. Paṭicchannanti tiṇapaṇṇādicchāditaṃ. Vivareyyāti ugghāṭeyya. Mūḷhassāti disāmūḷhassa. Maggaṃ ācikkheyyāti hatthe gahetvā ‘‘esa maggo’’ti vadeyya. Andhakāreti kāḷapakkhacātuddasīaḍḍharattaghanavanasaṇḍameghapaṭalehi caturaṅge tame, ayaṃ tāva anuttānapadattho.

Ayaṃ pana adhippāyayojanā – yathā koci nikkujjitaṃ ukkujjeyya, evaṃ saddhammavimukhaṃ asaddhamme patitaṃ maṃ asaddhammā vuṭṭhāpentena, yathā paṭicchannaṃ vivareyya . Evaṃ kassapassa bhagavato sāsanantaradhānato pabhuti micchādiṭṭhigahanapaṭicchannaṃ sāsanaṃ vivarantena, yathā mūḷhassa maggaṃ ācikkheyya, evaṃ kummaggamicchāmaggappaṭipannassa me saggamokkhamaggaṃ ācikkhantena, yathā andhakāre telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya, evaṃ mohandhakāre nimuggassa me buddhādiratanarūpāni apassato tappaṭicchādakamohandhakāraviddhaṃsakadesanāpajjotadhāraṇena mayhaṃ bhotā gotamena etehi pariyāyehi pakāsitattā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsitoti.

Desanānumodanāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Pasannākāravaṇṇanā

Evaṃ desanaṃ thometvā imāya desanāya ratanattayapasannacitto pasannākāraṃ karonto esāhantiādimāha. Tattha esāhanti eso ahaṃ. Bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmīti bhavaṃ me gotamo saraṇaṃ parāyaṇaṃ, aghassa tātā , hitassa ca vidhātāti iminā adhippāyena bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ gacchāmi, bhajāmi, sevāmi, payirupāsāmi, evaṃ vā jānāmi, bujjhāmīti. Yesañhi dhātūnaṃ gatiattho, buddhipi tesaṃ attho. Tasmā gacchāmīti imassa jānāmi, bujjhāmīti ayamattho vutto. Dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañcāti ettha pana adhigatamagge sacchikatanirodhe yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāne ca apāyesu apatamāne dhāretīti dhammo, so atthato ariyamaggo ceva nibbānañca. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘yāvatā, bhikkhave, dhammā saṅkhatā, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo tesaṃ aggamakkhāyatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.34) vitthāro. Na kevalañca ariyamaggo ceva nibbānañca, apica kho ariyaphalehi saddhiṃ pariyattidhammopi. Vuttañhetaṃ chattamāṇavakavimāne –

‘‘Rāgavirāgamanejamasokaṃ, dhammamasaṅkhatamappaṭikūlaṃ;

Madhuramimaṃ paguṇaṃ suvibhattaṃ, dhammamimaṃ saraṇatthamupehī’’ti. (vi. va. 887);

Ettha rāgavirāgoti maggo kathito. Anejamasokanti phalaṃ. Dhammamasaṅkhatanti nibbānaṃ. Appaṭikūlaṃ madhuramimaṃ paguṇaṃ suvibhattanti piṭakattayena vibhattā sabbadhammakkhandhāti. Diṭṭhisīlasaṅghātena saṃhatoti saṅgho, so atthato aṭṭha ariyapuggalasamūho. Vuttañhetaṃ tasmiṃyeva vimāne.

‘‘Yattha ca dinnamahapphalamāhu, catūsu sucīsu purisayugesu;

Aṭṭha ca puggala dhammadasā te, saṅghamimaṃ saraṇatthamupehī’’ti. (vi. va. 888);

Bhikkhūnaṃ saṅgho bhikkhusaṅgho. Ettāvatā brāhmaṇo tīṇi saraṇagamanāni paṭivedesi.

Pasannākāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Saraṇagamanakathāvaṇṇanā

Idāni tesu saraṇagamanesu kosallatthaṃ saraṇaṃ, saraṇagamanaṃ. Yo ca saraṇaṃ gacchati, saraṇagamanappabhedo , saraṇagamanassa phalaṃ, saṃkileso, bhedoti ayaṃ vidhi veditabbo. Seyyathidaṃ – padatthato tāva hiṃsatīti saraṇaṃ, saraṇagatānaṃ teneva saraṇagamanena bhayaṃ santāsaṃ dukkhaṃ duggatiparikilesaṃ hanati vināsetīti attho, ratanattayassevetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.

Atha vā hite pavattanena ahitā ca nivattanena sattānaṃ bhayaṃ hiṃsati buddho. Bhavakantārā uttāraṇena assāsadānena ca dhammo. Appakānampi kārānaṃ vipulaphalapaṭilābhakaraṇena saṅgho. Tasmā imināpi pariyāyena ratanattayaṃ saraṇaṃ. Tappasādataggarutāhi vihatakileso tapparāyaṇatākārappavatto cittuppādo saraṇagamanaṃ. Taṃsamaṅgisatto saraṇaṃ gacchati, vuttappakārena cittuppādena etāni me tīṇi saraṇāni saraṇaṃ, etāni parāyaṇanti evaṃ upetīti attho. Evaṃ tāva saraṇaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ yo ca saraṇaṃ gacchatīti idaṃ tayaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Saraṇagamanappabhede pana duvidhaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ lokuttaraṃ lokiyañca. Tattha lokuttaraṃ diṭṭhasaccānaṃ maggakkhaṇe saraṇagamanupakkilesasamucchedena ārammaṇato nibbānārammaṇaṃ hutvā kiccato sakalepi ratanattaye ijjhati. Lokiyaṃ puthujjanānaṃ saraṇagamanupakkilesavikkhambhanena ārammaṇato buddhādiguṇārammaṇaṃ hutvā ijjhati, taṃ atthato buddhādīsu vatthūsu saddhāpaṭilābho, saddhāmūlikā ca sammādiṭṭhi dasasu puññakiriyavatthūsu diṭṭhijukammanti vuccati.

Tayidaṃ catudhā pavattati attasanniyyātanena tapparāyaṇatāya sissabhāvūpagamanena paṇipātenāti. Tattha attasanniyyātanaṃ nāma ‘‘ajja ādiṃ katvā ahaṃ attānaṃ buddhassa niyyātemi, dhammassa, saṅghassā’’ti evaṃ buddhādīnaṃ attapariccajanaṃ. Tapparāyaṇatā nāma ‘‘ajja ādiṃ katvā ahaṃ buddhaparāyaṇo, dhammaparāyaṇo, saṅghaparāyaṇo iti maṃ dhārethā’’ti evaṃ tapparāyaṇabhāvo. Sissabhāvūpagamanaṃ nāma ‘‘ajja ādiṃ katvā ahaṃ buddhassa antevāsiko, dhammassa, saṅghassāti maṃ dhārethā’’ti evaṃ sissabhāvūpagamo. Paṇipāto nāma ‘‘ajja ādiṃ katvā ahaṃ abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānaañjalikammasāmīcikammaṃ buddhādīnaṃyeva tiṇṇaṃ vatthūnaṃ karomi, iti maṃ dhārethā’’ti evaṃ buddhādīsu paramanipaccakāro. Imesañhi catunnaṃ ākārānaṃ aññatarampi karontena gahitaṃyeva hoti saraṇagamanaṃ.

Apica bhagavato attānaṃ pariccajāmi, dhammassa, saṅghassa attānaṃ pariccajāmi. Jīvitaṃ pariccajāmi, pariccattoyeva me attā, pariccattaṃyeva me jīvitaṃ, jīvitapariyantikaṃ buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, buddho me saraṇaṃ leṇaṃ tāṇanti evampi attasanniyyātanaṃ veditabbaṃ. ‘‘Satthārañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ bhagavantameva passeyyaṃ, sugatañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ bhagavantameva passeyyaṃ, sammāsambuddhañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ bhagavantameva passeyya’’nti (saṃ. ni. 2.154) evampi mahākassapassa saraṇagamanaṃ viya sissabhāvūpagamanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.

‘‘So ahaṃ vicarissāmi, gāmā gāmaṃ purā puraṃ;

Namassamāno sambuddhaṃ, dhammassa ca sudhammata’’nti. (su. ni. 194; saṃ. ni. 1.246) –

Evampi āḷavakādīnaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ viya tapparāyaṇatā veditabbā. ‘‘Atha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavato pādāni mukhena ca paricumbati, pāṇīhi ca parisambāhati, nāmañca sāveti brahmāyu ahaṃ, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo, brahmāyu ahaṃ, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo’’ti (ma. ni. 2.394) evampi paṇipāto daṭṭhabbo.

So panesa ñātibhayācariyadakkhiṇeyyavasena catubbidho hoti. Tattha dakkhiṇeyyapaṇipātena saraṇagamanaṃ hoti, na itarehi. Seṭṭhavaseneva hi saraṇaṃ gayhati, seṭṭhavasena bhijjati, tasmā yo sākiyo vā koliyo vā ‘‘buddho amhākaṃ ñātako’’ti vandati, aggahitameva hoti saraṇaṃ. Yo vā ‘‘samaṇo gotamo rājapūjito mahānubhāvo, avandiyamāno anatthampi kareyyā’’ti bhayena vandati, aggahitameva hoti saraṇaṃ. Yo vā bodhisattakāle bhagavato santike kiñci uggahitaṃ saramāno buddhakāle vā –

‘‘Ekena bhoge bhuñjeyya, dvīhi kammaṃ payojaye;

Catutthañca nidhāpeyya, āpadāsu bhavissatī’’ti. (dī. ni. 3.265) –

Evarūpaṃ anusāsaniṃ uggahetvā ‘‘ācariyo me’’ti vandati, aggahitameva hoti saraṇaṃ. Yo pana ‘‘ayaṃ loke aggadakkhiṇeyyo’’ti vandati, teneva gahitaṃ hoti saraṇaṃ.

Evaṃ gahitasaraṇassa ca upāsakassa vā upāsikāya vā aññatitthiyesu pabbajitampi ñātiṃ ‘‘ñātako me aya’’nti vandato saraṇagamanaṃ na bhijjati, pageva apabbajitaṃ. Tathā rājānaṃ bhayavasena vandato, so hi raṭṭhapūjitattā avandiyamāno anatthampi kareyyāti. Tathā yaṃkiñci sippaṃ sikkhāpakaṃ titthiyaṃ ‘‘ācariyo me aya’’nti vandatopi na bhijjatīti evaṃ saraṇagamanappabhedo veditabbo.

Ettha ca lokuttarassa saraṇagamanassa cattāri sāmaññaphalāni vipākaphalaṃ, sabbadukkhakkhayo ānisaṃsaphalaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘Yo ca buddhañca dhammañca, saṅghañca saraṇaṃ gato;

Cattāri ariyasaccāni, sammappaññāya passati.

Dukkhaṃ dukkhasamuppādaṃ, dukkhassa ca atikkamaṃ;

Ariyañcaṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ.

Etaṃ kho saraṇaṃ khemaṃ, etaṃ saraṇamuttamaṃ;

Etaṃ saraṇamāgamma, sabbadukkhā pamuccatī’’ti. (dha. pa. 190-192);

Apica niccato anupagamanādivasena petassa ānisaṃsaphalaṃ veditabbaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ, ‘‘aṭṭhānametaṃ, bhikkhave, anavakāso, yaṃ diṭṭhisampanno puggalo kañci saṅkhāraṃ niccato upagaccheyya, sukhato upagaccheyya, kañci dhammaṃ attato upagaccheyya, mātaraṃ jīvitā voropeyya, pitaraṃ arahantaṃ jīvitā voropeyya, duṭṭhacitto tathāgatassa lohitaṃ uppādeyya, saṅghaṃ bhindeyya, aññaṃ satthāraṃ uddiseyya, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.128; a. ni. 1.268-276).

Lokiyassa pana saraṇagamanassa bhavasampadāpi bhogasampadāpi phalameva. Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘Yekeci buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse,

Na te gamissanti apāyabhūmiṃ;

Pahāya mānusaṃ dehaṃ,

Devakāyaṃ paripūressantī’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.37);

Aparampi vuttaṃ ‘‘atha kho sakko devānamindo asītiyā devatāsahassehi saddhiṃ yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno, tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ ṭhitaṃ kho sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca ‘sādhu kho devānaminda buddhaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ hoti, buddhaṃ saraṇagamanahetu kho devānaminda evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjantī’ti. Te aññe deve dasahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhanti dibbena āyunā dibbena vaṇṇena sukhena yasena ādhipateyyena dibbehi rūpehi saddehi gandhehi rasehi phoṭṭhabbehī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.341). Esa nayo dhamme saṅghe ca. Apica velāmasuttādivasenāpi (a. ni. 9.20) saraṇagamanassa phalaviseso veditabbo. Evaṃ saraṇagamanaphalaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Tattha lokiyasaraṇagamanaṃ tīsu vatthūsu aññāṇasaṃsayamicchāñāṇādīhi saṃkilissati, na mahājutikaṃ hoti, na mahāvipphāraṃ. Lokuttarassa natthi saṃkileso. Lokiyassa ca saraṇagamanassa duvidho bhedo sāvajjo anavajjo ca. Tattha sāvajjo aññasatthārādīsu attasanniyyātanādīhi hoti, so aniṭṭhaphalo. Anavajjo kālaṃ kiriyāya, so avipākattā aphalo. Lokuttarassa pana nevatthi bhedo. Bhavantarepi hi ariyasāvako aññasatthāraṃ na uddisatīti evaṃ saraṇagamanassa saṃkileso ca bhedo ca veditabboti. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretūti maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo ‘‘upāsako aya’’nti evaṃ dhāretu, jānātūti attho.

Saraṇagamanakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Upāsakavidhikathāvaṇṇanā

Upāsakavidhikosallatthaṃ panettha ko upāsako, kasmā upāsakoti vuccati, kimassa sīlaṃ, ko ājīvo, kā vipatti, kā sampattīti idaṃ pakiṇṇakaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Tattha ko upāsakoti yo koci tisaraṇagato gahaṭṭho. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘yato kho mahānāma upāsako buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti. Ettāvatā kho mahānāma upāsako hotī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1033).

Kasmā upāsakoti ratanattayassa upāsanato. So hi buddhaṃ upāsatīti upāsako. Dhammaṃ, saṅghaṃ upāsatīti upāsako.

Kimassasīlanti pañca veramaṇiyo. Yathāha ‘‘yato kho mahānāma upāsako pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti adinnādānā , kāmesu micchācārā, musāvādā, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. Ettāvatā kho mahānāma upāsako sīlavā hotī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.1033).

Ko ājīvoti pañca micchāvaṇijjā pahāya dhammena samena jīvitakappanaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘pañcimā, bhikkhave, vaṇijjā upāsakena akaraṇīyā. Katamā pañca? Satthavaṇijjā, sattavaṇijjā, maṃsavaṇijjā, majjavaṇijjā, visavaṇijjā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, pañca vaṇijjā upāsakena akaraṇīyā’’ti (a. ni. 5.177).

Kā vipattīti yā tasseva sīlassa ca ājīvassa ca vipatti, ayamassa vipatti. Apica yāya esa caṇḍālo ceva hoti malañca patikuṭṭho ca. Sāpissa vipattīti veditabbā. Te ca atthato assaddhiyādayo pañca dhammā honti. Yathāha ‘‘pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato upāsako upāsakacaṇḍālo ca hoti upāsakamalañca upāsakapatikuṭṭho ca. Katamehi pañcahi? Assaddho hoti, dussīlo hoti, kotūhalamaṅgaliko hoti, maṅgalaṃ pacceti no kammaṃ, ito ca bahiddhā dakkhiṇeyyaṃ pariyesati tattha ca pubbakāraṃ karotī’’ti (a. ni. 5.175).

Kāsampattīti yā cassa sīlasampadā ca ājīvasampadā ca, sā sampatti. Ye cassa ratanabhāvādikarā saddhādayo pañca dhammā. Yathāha ‘‘pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato upāsako upāsakaratanañca hoti upāsakapadumañca upāsakapuṇḍarīkañca. Katamehi pañcahi? Saddho hoti, sīlavā hoti, na kotūhalamaṅgaliko hoti, kammaṃ pacceti no maṅgalaṃ, na ito bahiddhā dakkhiṇeyyaṃ gavesati, idha ca pubbakāraṃ karotī’’ti (a. ni. 5.175).

Ajjataggeti ettha ayaṃ aggasaddo ādikoṭikoṭṭhāsaseṭṭhesu dissati. ‘‘Ajjatagge, samma dovārika, āvarāmi dvāraṃ nigaṇṭhānaṃ nigaṇṭhīna’’ntiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.70) hi ādimhi dissati. ‘‘Teneva aṅgulaggena taṃ aṅgulaggaṃ parāmaseyya, (kathā. 441) ucchaggaṃ veḷagga’’ntiādīsu koṭiyaṃ. ‘‘Ambilaggaṃ vā madhuraggaṃ vā tittakaggaṃ vā (saṃ. ni. 5.374), anujānāmi, bhikkhave, vihāraggena vā pariveṇaggena vā bhājetu’’ntiādīsu (cūḷava. 318) koṭṭhāse. ‘‘Yāvatā, bhikkhave, sattā apadā vā…pe… tathāgato tesaṃ aggamakkhāyatī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 4.34) seṭṭhe. Idha panāyaṃ ādimhi daṭṭhabbo. Tasmā ajjataggeti ajjataṃ ādiṃ katvā, evamettha attho veditabbo. Ajjatanti ajjabhāvaṃ. Ajjadaggeti vā pāṭho, da-kāro padasandhikaro, ajja aggaṃ katvāti attho.

Pāṇupetanti pāṇehi upetaṃ, yāva me jīvitaṃ pavattati, tāva upetaṃ. Anaññasatthukaṃ tīhi saraṇagamanehi saraṇaṃ gataṃ upāsakaṃ kappiyakārakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu jānātu. Ahañhi sacepi me tikhiṇena asinā sīsaṃ chindeyya, neva buddhaṃ ‘‘na buddho’’ti vā dhammaṃ ‘‘na dhammo’’ti vā, saṅghaṃ ‘‘na saṅgho’’ti vā vadeyyanti. Evaṃ attasanniyyātanena saraṇaṃ gantvā catūhi ca paccayehi pavāretvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmīti.

Upāsakavidhikathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Papañcasūdaniyā majjhimanikāyaṭṭhakathāya

Bhayabheravasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.