Bhūmaṭṭhakathāvaṇṇanā

94.Phandāpeti, sabbattha dukkaṭamevāti ettha ‘‘uṭṭhahissāmī’’ti phandāpetvā puna anuṭṭhahitvā tattheva sayantassapi aṅgapaccaṅgaṃ aphandāpetvā ekapayogena uṭṭhahantassapi dukkaṭamevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Aññasmiṃ vā gamanassaanupakāreti yathā dvārapidahane kumbhiṭṭhānagamanassa anupakārattā anāpatti, evaṃ aññasmiṃ vā gamanassa anupakāre kāyavacīkamme anāpatti. Vācāya vācāyāti ekekatthadīpikāya vācāya vācāya. Upaladdhoti ñāto. Puññāni ca karissāmāti ettha ‘‘musāvādaṃ katvā puññāni karissāmāti vadantassa dukkaṭamevā’’ti tīsupi gaṇṭhipadesu vuttaṃ, taṃ imasmiṃyeva padese aṭṭhakathāvacanena virujjhati. Tathā hi ‘‘yaṃ yaṃ vacanaṃ musā, tattha tattha pācittiya’’nti ca ‘‘na hi adinnādānassa pubbapayoge pācittiyaṭṭhāne dukkaṭaṃ nāma atthī’’ti ca vakkhati. Evaṃ pana vutte na virujjhati ‘‘musāvādaṃ katvā puññāni ca karissāmāti vadantassa pācittiyena saddhiṃ dukkaṭa’’nti. Tathā hi ‘‘akappiyapathaviṃ khaṇantānaṃ dukkaṭehi saddhiṃ pācittiyānīti mahāpaccariyaṃ vutta’’nti ca ‘‘yathā ca idha, evaṃ sabbattha pācittiyaṭṭhāne dukkaṭā na muccatī’’ti ca vakkhati. Sace pana kusalacitto ‘‘puññāni karissāmā’’ti vadati, anāpatti ‘‘buddhapūjaṃ vā dhammapūjaṃ vā saṅghabhattaṃ vā karissāmāti kusalaṃ uppādeti, kusalacittena gamane anāpattī’’ti ca ‘‘yathā ca idha, evaṃ sabbattha atheyyacittassa anāpattī’’ti ca vakkhamānattā.

Pamādalikhitanti veditabbanti aparabhāge potthakāruḷhakāle pamajjitvā likhitanti veditabbaṃ. Pāḷiyaṃ sesaaṭṭhakathāsu ca ‘‘kudālaṃ vā piṭakaṃ vā’’ti idameva dvayaṃ vatvā vāsipharasūnaṃ avuttattā tesampi saṅkhepaṭṭhakathādīsu āgatabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘saṅkhepaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana mahāpaccariyañcā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Theyyacittena katattā ‘‘dukkaṭehi saddhiṃ pācittiyānī’’ti vuttaṃ. Tato paraṃ sabbakiriyāsūti bījaggahaṇato paraṃ kattabbakiriyāsu. Sabbaṃ purimanayenevāti yāva piṭakapariyosānā hatthavārapadavāresu dukkaṭaṃ.

Therehi dassitanti pubbapayogasahapayogadukkaṭesu asammohatthaṃ samodhānetvā dhammasaṅgāhakattherehi dassitaṃ. ‘‘Sabbesampi dukkaṭānaṃ imesuyeva aṭṭhasu saṅgahetabbabhāvato itarehi sattahi dukkaṭehi vinimuttaṃ vinayadukkaṭeyeva saṅgahetabba’’nti vadanti. Dasavidhaṃ ratananti ‘‘muttā maṇi veḷuriyo saṅkho silā pavāḷaṃ rajataṃ jātarūpaṃ lohitaṅgo masāragalla’’nti evamāgataṃ dasavidhaṃ ratanaṃ.

‘‘Maṇi muttā veḷuriyo ca saṅkho,

Silā pavāḷaṃ rajatañca hemaṃ;

Salohitaṅgañca masāragallaṃ,

Daseti dhīro ratanāni jaññā’’ti. –

Hi vuttaṃ.

Sattavidhaṃdhaññanti sāli vīhi yavo kaṅgu kudrūso varako godhumoti idaṃ sattavidhaṃ dhaññaṃ. Āvudhabhaṇḍādinti ādi-saddena tūriyabhaṇḍaitthirūpādiṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Anāmasitabbe vatthumhi dukkaṭaṃ anāmāsadukkaṭaṃ. Durupaciṇṇadukkaṭanti ‘‘na kattabba’’nti vāritassa katattā duṭṭhu āciṇṇaṃ caritanti durupaciṇṇaṃ, tasmiṃ dukkaṭaṃ durupaciṇṇadukkaṭaṃ. Vinaye paññattaṃ dukkaṭaṃ vinayadukkaṭaṃ. ‘‘Saṅghabhedāya parakkamatī’’ti sutvā taṃnivāraṇatthāya ñāte atthe avadantassa ñātadukkaṭaṃ. Ekādasa samanubhāsanā nāma bhikkhupātimokkhe cattāro yāvatatiyakā saṅghādisesā, ariṭṭhasikkhāpadanti pañca, bhikkhunīpātimokkhe ekaṃ yāvatatiyakaṃ pārājikaṃ, cattāro saṅghādisesā, caṇḍakāḷīsikkhāpadanti cha. Vassāvāsādiṃ paṭissuṇitvā na sampādentassa paṭissavanimittaṃ dukkaṭaṃ paṭissavadukkaṭaṃ.

Pubbasahapayoge ca, anāmāsadurupaciṇṇe;

Vinaye ceva ñāte ca, ñattiyā ca paṭissave;

Aṭṭhete dukkaṭā vuttā, vinaye vinayaññunā.

Sahapayogato paṭṭhāya cettha purimā purimā āpattiyo paṭippassambhantīti āha ‘‘atha dhuranikkhepaṃ akatvā’’tiādi. Tattha ‘‘dhuranikkhepaṃ akatvā’’ti vuttattā dhuranikkhepaṃ katvā khaṇantassa purimāpattiyo na paṭippassambhantīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Viyūhanadukkaṭaṃ paṭippassambhati, uddharaṇadukkaṭe patiṭṭhātīti idaṃ pāḷiyaṃ āgatānukkamena dassetuṃ vuttaṃ. Yadi pana paṃsuṃ uddharitvā saussāhova puna khaṇati, uddharaṇadukkaṭaṃ paṭippassambhati, khaṇanadukkaṭe patiṭṭhāti.

Kataṃ karaṇaṃ kiriyāti atthato ekanti āha ‘‘virūpā sā kiriyā’’ti. Idāni vuttamevatthaṃ parivārapāḷiyā nidassento ‘‘vuttampi ceta’’ntiādimāha. Tattha aparaddhaṃ viraddhaṃ khalitanti sabbametaṃ yañca dukkaṭanti ettha vuttassa dukkaṭassa pariyāyavacanaṃ. Yañhi duṭṭhu kataṃ, virūpaṃ vā kataṃ , taṃ dukkaṭaṃ. Taṃ panetaṃ yathā satthārā vuttaṃ, evaṃ akatattā aparaddhaṃ, kusalaṃ virajjhitvā pavattattā viraddhaṃ, ariyavaṃsappaṭipadaṃ anāruḷhattā khalitaṃ. Yaṃ manusso kareti idaṃ panettha opammanidassanaṃ. Tassattho – yathā yaṃ loke manusso āvi vā yadi vā raho pāpaṃ karoti, taṃ dukkaṭanti pavedenti, evamidampi buddhapaṭikuṭṭhena lāmakabhāvena pāpaṃ, tasmā dukkaṭanti veditabbanti.

Yathā dukkhā, kucchitā vā gati dugatīti vattabbe ‘‘duggatī’’ti vuttaṃ, yathā ca kaṭukaṃ phalametassāti kaṭukaphalanti vattabbe ‘‘kaṭukapphala’’nti vuttaṃ, evamidhāpi thūlattā accayattā ca thūlaccayanti vattabbe ‘‘thullaccaya’’nti vuttanti dassetuṃ ‘‘samparāye ca duggatī’’tiādimāha. Saṃyoge pana kate saṃyogaparassa rassattaṃ siddhamevāti manasi katvā ‘‘saṃyogabhāvo veditabbo’’ti ettakameva vuttaṃ. Ekassa mūleti ekassa santike. Accayo tena samo natthīti desanāgāmīsu accayesu tena samo thūlo accayo natthi. Tenetaṃ iti vuccatīti thūlattā accayassa etaṃ thullaccayanti vuccatīti attho.

‘‘Sabbatthāpi āmasane dukkaṭaṃ phandāpane thullaccayañca visuṃ visuṃ theyyacittena āmasanaphandāpanapayogaṃ karontasseva hoti, ekapayogena gaṇhantassa pana uddhāre pārājikameva, na dukkaṭathullaccayānī’’ti vadanti. Sahapayogaṃ pana akatvāti ettha ‘‘pubbapayoge āpannāpattīnaṃ paṭippassaddhiyā abhāvato sahapayogaṃ katvāpi lajjidhammaṃ okkantena pubbapayoge āpannāpattiyo desetabbā’’ti tīsupi gaṇṭhipadesu vuttaṃ. Aṭṭhakathāvacanaṃ pana kate sahapayoge pubbapayoge āpannāpattīnampi paṭippassaddhiṃ dīpeti, aññathā ‘‘sahapayogaṃ pana akatvā’’ti idaṃ visesanameva niratthakaṃ siyā. Yañca heṭṭhā vuttaṃ ‘‘sace panassa tatthajātake tiṇarukkhalatādimhi chinnepi lajjidhammo okkamati, saṃvaro uppajjati, chedanapaccayā dukkaṭaṃ desetvā muccatī’’ti, tampi sahapayoge kate pubbapayoge āpannāpattīnaṃ paṭippassaddhimeva dīpeti sahapayoge chedanapaccayā āpannadukkaṭasseva desanāya vuttattā. Sahapayogato paṭṭhāyevāti ca idaṃ sahapayogaṃ pattassa tato pubbe āpannānaṃ pubbapayogāpattīnampi paṭippassaddhiṃ dīpeti. Tena hi ayamattho viññāyati ‘‘yāva sahapayogaṃ na pāpuṇāti, tāva pubbe āpannāpattīnaṃ paṭippassaddhi na hoti, sahapayogaṃ pattakālato pana paṭṭhāya tāsampi paṭippassaddhi hotī’’ti, tasmā suṭṭhu upaparikkhitvā yuttataraṃ gahetabbaṃ.

Bahukāpi āpattiyo hontu, ekameva desetvā muccatīti etthāyamadhippāyo – sace khaṇanaviyūhanuddharaṇesu dasa dasa katvā āpattiyo āpannā, tāsu uddharaṇe dasa āpattiyo desetvā muccati visabhāgakiriyaṃ patvā purimāpurimāpattīnaṃ paṭippassaddhattāti. Jātivasena pana samānakiriyāya āpannāpattiyo ekattena gahetvā ‘‘ekameva desetvā’’ti vuttaṃ, tasmā imināpi kurundaṭṭhakathāvacanena paṭhamaṃ mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttapurimāpattipaṭippassaddhimeva samatthayati, na pana ubhinnaṃ aṭṭhakathānaṃ atthato nānākaraṇaṃ atthi. Aparampettha pakāraṃ vaṇṇayanti ‘‘samānakiriyāsupi purimapurimakhaṇanapaccayā āpannāpattiyo pacchimapacchimakhaṇanaṃ patvā paṭippassambhantīti iminā adhippāyena ‘paṃsukhaṇanādīsu ca lajjidhamme uppanne bahukāpi āpattiyo hontu, ekameva desetvā muccatīti kurundaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vutta’’’nti. ‘‘Evañca sati ‘bahukāpi āpattiyo hontū’ti na vattabbaṃ bhaveyya, vuttañca, tasmā visabhāgakiriyameva patvā purimāpattīnaṃ paṭippassaddhiṃ icchanteneva bahukāsupi āpattīsu ekameva desetvā muccatīti imasmiṃ ṭhāne visuṃyeveko desanākkamo dassito’’tipi vadanti. Ayametesaṃ adhippāyo – yathā idha purimāpattīnaṃ paṭippassaddhi aṭṭhakathācariyappamāṇena gahitā, evaṃ bahukāsupi āpattīsu ekameva desetvā muccatīti idampi idha aṭṭhakathācariyappamāṇatoyeva veditabbaṃ. Yathā ca pāḷiyaṃ pācittiyaṭṭhānepi dukkaṭameva hotīti idha āveṇikaṃ katvā āpattiviseso dassito, evaṃ purimāpattīnaṃ paṭippassaddhiviseso ca desanāviseso ca aṭṭhakathācariyehi dassitoti.

Heṭṭhato osīdentoti ‘‘sāmikesu āgantvā apassitvā gatesu gaṇhissāmī’’ti theyyacittena heṭṭhābhūmiyaṃ osīdento. Bundenāti kumbhiyā heṭṭhimatalena. Evaṃ ekaṭṭhāne ṭhitāya kumbhiyā ṭhānācāvanaṃ chahi ākārehi veditabbanti sambandho. Valayaṃ nīharati, pārājikanti ākāsagataṃ akatvā ghaṃsitvā nīharantassa chinnakoṭito nīhaṭamatte pārājikaṃ. Ito cito ca sāretīti ghaṃsantoyeva ākāsagataṃ akatvā sāreti.

Chinnamattepārājikanti avassaṃ ce patati, chinnamatte pārājikaṃ. Paricchedoti ‘‘pañcamāsakaṃ vā atirekapañcamāsakaṃ vā’’ti vuttagaṇanaparicchedo. Apabyūhantoti ‘‘heṭṭhā ṭhitaṃ gaṇhissāmī’’ti hatthena dvidhā karonto. Upaḍḍhakumbhiyanti upaḍḍhapuṇṇāya kumbhiyā. Nanu ca aṭṭhakathācariyappamāṇena saṅkhepaṭṭhakathādīsu vuttampi kasmā na gahetabbanti āha – ‘‘vinayavinicchaye hi āgate garuke ṭhātabba’’nti. Vinayadhammatāti vinayagarukānaṃ dhammatā. Vinayagarukā hi vinayavinicchaye āgate garuke tiṭṭhanti. Vinayagarukatābyāpanatthañhi vinayagarukoyevettha vinaya-saddena vutto, vinayassa vā esā dhammatā tesaṃ garugāravaṭṭhānassa vinayavisayattā.

Idāni saṅkhepaṭṭhakathādīsu vuttaṃ pāḷiyāpi na sametīti dassento āha ‘‘apicā’’tiādi. Bhājananti pattādibhājanaṃ. Pattādiṃ apūretvā gaṇhantassa anuddhaṭepi mukhavaṭṭiparicchedo hoti, pūretvā gaṇhantassa pana uddharaṇakāle hotīti āha ‘‘mukhavaṭṭiparicchedena vā uddhārena vā’’ti. Yadā pana telakumbhīādīsu telādīnaṃ abahubhāvato bhājanaṃ nimujjāpetvā gaṇhituṃ na sakkā hoti, tadā mukhavaṭṭiparicchedeneva hoti. Cikkananti thaddhaṃ. Ākaḍḍhanavikaḍḍhanayogganti ettha abhimukhaṃ kaḍḍhanaṃ ākaḍḍhanaṃ, parato kaḍḍhanaṃ vikaḍḍhanaṃ. Paṭinīharitunti attano bhājanato paṭinīharituṃ. Hatthato muttamatte pārājikanti theyyacittena parasantakaggahaṇapayogassa katattā. Mahāaṭṭhakathāyameva ‘‘sacepi mariyādaṃ dubbalaṃ katvā sukkhataḷākassa udakanibbahanaṭṭhānaṃ udakaniddhamanatumbaṃ vā pidahati, aññato ca gamanamagge vā pāḷiṃ bandhati, sukkhamātikaṃ vā ujuṃ karoti, pacchā deve vuṭṭhe udakaṃ āgantvā mariyādaṃ bhindati, sabbattha bhaṇḍadeyya’’nti vuttattā ‘‘taṃ pana tattheva sukkhataḷāke sukkhamātikāya ujukaraṇavinicchayena virujjhatī’’ti vuttaṃ.

Avahāralakkhaṇanti pañcavīsatiyā avahāresu ekampi avahāralakkhaṇaṃ, ṭhānācāvanapayogo eva vā. Uddhāreti kumbhiyā phuṭṭhaṭṭhānato kesaggamattepi uddhaṭe. Yuttanti ṭhānācāvanapayogasabbhāvato yuttaṃ. Saṅgopanatthāyāti iminā suddhacittataṃ dasseti. Palibujjhissatīti nivāressati. Vuttanayeneva pārājikanti hatthato muttamatteyeva pārājikaṃ. Suddhacittovauddharatīti kumbhiyaṃ telassa ākiraṇato puretarameva suddhacitto nikkhipitvā pacchā suddhacittova uddharati. Neva avahāroti theyyacittena avaharaṇapayogassa akatattā. Attano bhājanattā pana ‘‘na gīvā’’ti vuttaṃ, anāpattimattameva vuttaṃ, na pana evaṃ vicāritanti adhippāyo. Atha vā anāpattimattameva vuttanti imināpi tattha ‘‘gīvā’’ti vacanābhāvato ‘‘na gīvā’’ti pubbe vuttamahāaṭṭhakathāvādameva patiṭṭhāpeti, pacchā dassitena kurundivādenapi mahāaṭṭhakathāvādova samatthito. Attano bhaṇḍanti telākiraṇato puretarameva attano kumbhiyaṃ suddhacittena ṭhapitaṃ pītatelaṃ attano parikkhāraṃ. Sammohaṭṭhānanti āpattivinicchayavasena sammohaṭṭhānaṃ.

Bahigataṃ nāma hotīti tato paṭṭhāya telassa aṭṭhānabhāvato adhomukhabhāvato ca bahigataṃ nāma hoti. Anto paṭṭhāya chidde kariyamāne telassa nikkhamitvā gatagataṭṭhānaṃ bhājanasaṅkhyameva gacchatīti āha – ‘‘bāhirantato pādagghanake gaḷite pārājika’’nti. Yathā tathā vā katassāti bāhirantato abbhantarato vā paṭṭhāya katassa. Majjhe ṭhapetvā katachiddeti majjhe thokaṃ kapālaṃ ṭhapetvā pacchā taṃ chindantena katachidde. ‘‘Mariyādacchedane anto ṭhatvā bahimukho chindanto bahi antena kāretabbo, bahi ṭhatvā antomukho chindanto anto antena kāretabbo, anto ca bahi ca chinditvā majjhe ṭhapetvā taṃ chindanto majjhena kāretabbo’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.108) vuttattā ‘‘taḷākassa ca mariyādabhedena sametī’’ti vuttaṃ. Idamettha yuttanti anto ca bahi ca paṭṭhāya katachidde majjhena kāretabbo. Anto paṭṭhāya kate pana bāhirantena, bahi paṭṭhāya kate abbhantarena kāretabboti ayaṃ tippakāropi ettha vemaṭṭhachidde yutto. Udake katapayogassa abhāvato ‘‘ṭhānācāvanapayogassa abhāvā’’ti vuttaṃ.

Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ tāva vuttanti mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ. Patthinnassa khādanaṃ itarassa pānañca sappiādīnaṃ paribhogoti āha – ‘‘akhāditabbaṃ vā apātabbaṃ vā karotī’’ti. Kathaṃ pana tathā karotīti āha ‘‘uccāraṃ vā passāvaṃ vā’’tiādi. Kasmā panettha dukkaṭaṃ vuttanti āha ‘‘ṭhānācāvanassa natthitāya dukkaṭa’’nti. Purimadvayanti bhedanaṃ chaḍḍanañca. Kasmā na sametīti āha ‘‘tañhī’’tiādi. Kumbhijajjarakaraṇenāti puṇṇakumbhiyā jajjarakaraṇena. Mātikāujaukaraṇenāti udakapuṇṇāya mātikāya ujukaraṇena. Ekalakkhaṇanti bhedanaṃ kumbhijajjarakaraṇena chaḍḍanaṃ mātikāya ujukaraṇena saddhiṃ ekasabhāvaṃ ṭhānācāvanapayogasabbhāvato. Pacchimaṃ pana dvayanti jhāpanaṃ aparibhogakaraṇañca.

Ettha evaṃ vinicchayaṃ vadantīti ettha mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vutte eke ācariyā evaṃ vinicchayaṃ vadanti. Pacchimadvayaṃ sandhāya vuttanti ettha purimadvaye vinicchayo heṭṭhā vuttānusārena sakkā viññātunti tattha kiñci avatvā pacchimadvayaṃ sandhāya ṭhānācāvanassa natthitāya dukkaṭanti idaṃ vuttanti adhippāyo. Theyyacittenāti attano vā parassa vā kātukāmatāvasena uppannatheyyacittena. Vināsetukāmatāyāti hatthapādādiṃ chindanto viya kevalaṃ vināsetukāmatāya. Purimadvaye kiṃ hoti, kiṃ adhippāyena na kiñci vuttanti āha – ‘‘purimadvaye pana…pe… pārājika’’nti. Tattha vuttanayena bhindantassa vā chaḍḍentassa vāti muggarena pothetvā bhindantassa udakaṃ vā vālikaṃ vā ākiritvā uttarāpentassāti attho. Ayuttanti ceti pāḷiyaṃ purimapadadvayepi dukkaṭasseva vuttattā ‘‘purimadvaye…pe… pārājikanti idaṃ ayutta’’nti yadi tumhākaṃ siyāti attho. Nāti ayuttabhāvappasaṅgaṃ nisedhetvā tattha kāraṇamāha ‘‘aññathā gahetabbatthato’’ti. Kathaṃ panettha attho gahetabboti āha ‘‘pāḷiyaṃ hī’’tiādi. Nāsetukāmatāpakkhe heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva atthassa avirujjhanato ‘‘theyyacittapakkhe’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Evaṃ vinicchayaṃ vadantī’’ti ito paṭṭhāya vuttassa sabbassapi ekasseva vacanattā ‘‘evameke vadantī’’ti nigamanavasena vuttaṃ.

Idāni yathāvuttavasena pāḷiyā atthe gayhamāne mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ catunnampi sāmaññato vuttassa pacchimadvayaṃ sandhāya vuttanti vacane visesābhāvato pāḷiyaṃ vuttesu catūsu padesu ‘‘chaḍḍeti vā aparibhogaṃ vā karotī’’ti imesaṃ padānaṃ visesābhāvappasaṅgato ca sayaṃ aññathā pāḷiṃ aṭṭhakathañca saṃsanditvā atthaṃ dassetukāmo ‘‘ayaṃ panettha sāro’’tiādimāha. Vinītavatthumhi ‘‘saṅghassa puñjakitaṃ tiṇaṃ theyyacitto jhāpesī’’si (pārā. 156) vuttattā vinītavatthumhi tiṇajjhāpako viyāti imināva ṭhānā acāvetukāmovāti etthāpi theyyacittena ṭhānā acāvetukāmoti idaṃ vuttameva hotīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Achaḍḍetukāmoyevāti etthāpi theyyacittenāti sambandhitabbaṃ. Idañhi theyyacittapakkhaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ nāsetukāmatāpakkhassa vakkhamānattā. Tenevāha ‘‘nāsetukāmatāpakkhe panā’’tiādi. Itarathāpi yujjatīti theyyacittābhāvā ṭhānā cāvetukāmassapi dukkaṭaṃ yujjatīti vuttaṃ hoti.

Bhūmaṭṭhakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.