Library / English Dictionary

BONE

Pronunciation (US):

(GB):

 I. (noun) 

Sense 1

Meaning:

A shade of white the color of bleached bones

Synonyms:

bone; ivory; off-white; pearl

Classified under:

Nouns denoting attributes of people and objects

Hypernyms ("bone" is a kind of...):

white; whiteness (the quality or state of the achromatic color of greatest lightness (bearing the least resemblance to black))

Sense 2

Meaning:

Rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates

Synonyms:

bone; os

Classified under:

Nouns denoting body parts

Hypernyms ("bone" is a kind of...):

connective tissue (tissue of mesodermal origin consisting of e.g. collagen fibroblasts and fatty cells; supports organs and fills spaces between them and forms tendons and ligaments)

Meronyms (parts of "bone"):

ground substance; intercellular substance; matrix (the body substance in which tissue cells are embedded)

coronoid process; processus coronoideus (a sharp triangular process projecting from a bone)

condyle (a round bump on a bone where it forms a joint with another bone)

bone cell (a cell that is part of a bone)

lamella (a thin membrane that is one of the calcified layers that form bones)

bone marrow; marrow (the fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bones)

socket (a bony hollow into which a structure fits)

Meronyms (substance of "bone"):

collagen (a fibrous scleroprotein in bone and cartilage and tendon and other connective tissue; yields gelatin on boiling)

bone; osseous tissue (the porous calcified substance from which bones are made)

Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "bone"):

phalanx (any of the bones of the fingers or toes)

os pubis; pubic bone; pubis (one of the three sections of the hipbone; together these two bones form the front of the pelvis)

costa; rib (any of the 12 pairs of curved arches of bone extending from the spine to or toward the sternum in humans (and similar bones in most vertebrates))

round bone (bones that are round in shape)

sacrum (wedge-shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae forming the posterior part of the pelvis; its base connects with the lowest lumbar vertebra and its tip with the coccyx)

scapula; shoulder blade; shoulder bone (either of two flat triangular bones one on each side of the shoulder in human beings)

os sesamoideum; sesamoid; sesamoid bone (any of several small round bones formed in a tendon where it passes over a joint)

os breve; short bone (a bone that is of approximately equal dimension in all directions)

os sphenoidale; sphenoid; sphenoid bone (butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull)

breastbone; sternum (the flat bone that articulates with the clavicles and the first seven pairs of ribs)

corpus sternum; gladiolus (the large central part of the breastbone)

manubrium (the upper part of the breastbone)

xiphoid process (smallest of the three parts of the breastbone; articulates with the corpus sternum and the seventh rib)

tarsal; tarsal bone (any bone of the tarsus)

os temporale; temporal bone (a thick bone forming the side of the human cranium and encasing the inner ear)

tooth (hard bonelike structures in the jaws of vertebrates; used for biting and chewing or for attack and defense)

turbinal; turbinate; turbinate bone (any of the scrolled spongy bones of the nasal passages in man and other vertebrates)

tympanic bone (the bone enclosing the middle ear)

vertebra (one of the bony segments of the spinal column)

arcus zygomaticus; zygoma; zygomatic arch (the slender arch formed by the temporal process of the cheekbone that bridges to the zygomatic process of the temporal bone)

modiolus (the central conical bony pillar of the cochlea)

lacrimal bone (small fragile bone making up part of the front inner walls of each eye socket and providing room for the passage of the lacrimal ducts)

skull (the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates)

calvaria; skullcap (the dome of the skull)

braincase; brainpan; cranium (the part of the skull that encloses the brain)

occiput (back part of the head or skull)

sinciput (the front part of the head or skull (including the forehead))

jaw (the part of the skull of a vertebrate that frames the mouth and holds the teeth)

vomer (thin trapezoidal bone of the skull forming the posterior and inferior parts of the nasal septum)

sutural bone; Wormian bone (any of the tiny soft bones found in the sutures between cranial bones)

marrowbone (a bone containing edible marrow; used especially in flavoring soup)

furcula (a forked bone formed by the fusion of the clavicles of most birds)

splint bone (a rudimentary metacarpal or metatarsal bone on either side of the cannon bone in the leg of a horse or related animal)

fetter bone; pastern (the part between the fetlock and the hoof)

cannon bone (greatly developed metatarsal or metacarpal bone in the shank or cannon part of the leg in hoofed mammals)

fishbone (a bone of a fish)

anklebone; astragal; astragalus; talus (the bone in the ankle that articulates with the leg bones to form the ankle joint)

bare bone (bone stripped of flesh)

cuboid bone (the cube shaped bone on the outer side of the tarsus)

carpal; carpal bone; wrist bone (any of the eight small bones of the wrist of primates)

cartilage bone (any bone that develops within cartilage rather than a fibrous tissue)

centrum (the main body of a vertebra)

cheekbone; jugal bone; malar; malar bone; os zygomaticum; zygomatic; zygomatic bone (the arch of bone beneath the eye that forms the prominence of the cheek)

clavicle; collarbone (bone linking the scapula and sternum)

coccyx; tail bone (the end of the vertebral column in humans and tailless apes)

dentin; dentine (bone (calcified tissue) surrounding the pulp cavity of a tooth)

ethmoid; ethmoid bone (one of the eight bones of the cranium; a small bone filled with air spaces that forms part of the eye sockets and the nasal cavity)

calcaneus; heelbone; os tarsi fibulare (the largest tarsal bone; forms the human heel)

hipbone; innominate bone (large flaring bone forming one half of the pelvis; made up of the ilium and ischium and pubis)

hyoid; hyoid bone; os hyoideum (a U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue muscles)

ilium (the upper and widest of the three bones making up the hipbone)

ischial bone; ischium; os ischii (one of the three sections of the hipbone; situated below the ilium)

long bone; os longum (in limbs of vertebrate animals: a long cylindrical bone that contains marrow)

ramus (the posterior part of the mandible that is more or less vertical)

membrane bone (any bone that develops within membranous tissue without previous cartilage formation; e.g. the clavicle and bones of the skull)

metacarpal; metacarpal bone (any bone of the hand between the wrist and fingers)

metatarsal (any bone of the foot between the ankle and the toes)

nasal; nasal bone; os nasale (an elongated rectangular bone that forms the bridge of the nose)

bonelet; ossicle; ossiculum (a small bone; especially one in the middle ear)

os palatinum; palatine; palatine bone (either of two irregularly shaped bones that form the back of the hard palate and helps to form the nasal cavity and the floor of the orbits)

Holonyms ("bone" is a part of...):

endoskeleton (the internal skeleton; bony and cartilaginous structure (especially of vertebrates))

Holonyms ("bone" is a substance of...):

horn (one of the bony outgrowths on the heads of certain ungulates)

Derivation:

bonelet (a small bone; especially one in the middle ear)

boney; bony (having bones especially many or prominent bones)

bony (composed of or containing bone)

Sense 3

Meaning:

The porous calcified substance from which bones are made

Synonyms:

bone; osseous tissue

Classified under:

Nouns denoting substances

Hypernyms ("bone" is a kind of...):

animal material (material derived from animals)

Holonyms ("bone" is a substance of...):

bone; os (rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates)

Derivation:

bone (remove the bones from)

bonelet (a small bone; especially one in the middle ear)

 II. (adjective) 

Sense 1

Meaning:

Consisting of or made up of bone

Example:

the bony framework of the body

Classified under:

Adjectives

Similar:

boney; bony (having bones especially many or prominent bones)

 III. (verb) 

Sense 1

Meaning:

Remove the bones from

Example:

bone the turkey before roasting it

Synonyms:

bone; debone

Classified under:

Verbs of size, temperature change, intensifying, etc.

Hypernyms (to "bone" is one way to...):

remove; take; take away; withdraw (remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract)

Domain category:

animal; animate being; beast; brute; creature; fauna (a living organism characterized by voluntary movement)

Sentence frame:

Somebody ----s something

Derivation:

bone (the porous calcified substance from which bones are made)

Sense 2

Meaning:

Study intensively, as before an exam

Example:

I had to bone up on my Latin verbs before the final exam

Synonyms:

bone; bone up; cram; drum; get up; grind away; mug up; swot; swot up

Classified under:

Verbs of thinking, judging, analyzing, doubting

Hypernyms (to "bone" is one way to...):

hit the books; study (learn by reading books)

Verb group:

cram (prepare (students) hastily for an impending exam)

Sentence frames:

Somebody ----s
Somebody ----s something PP

Credits

 Context examples: 

An aggressive (fast-growing) disease in which too many myeloblasts (immature white blood cells that are not lymphoblasts) are found in the bone marrow and blood.

(Acute myeloblastic leukemia, NCI Dictionary)

Both aberrant and constitutive activation of signal transduction molecules are found in about 50% of primary AML bone marrow samples, and seem to contribute to the increased proliferation and apoptosis resistance.

(Acute Myeloid Leukemia Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/KEGG)

Tests that examine the blood and bone marrow diagnose AML.

(Acute Myeloid Leukemia, NIH: National Cancer Institute)

An aggressive (fast-growing) type of leukemia (blood cancer) in which too many lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow.

(Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, NCI Dictionary)

A clonal (malignant) hematopoietic disorder affecting the bone marrow and the peripheral blood.

(Acute leukemia, NCI Thesaurus)

This causes the bones of the hands, feet, head, and face to grow larger than normal.

(Acromegaly, NCI Dictionary)

A rare disorder in which the bone marrow makes almost no red blood cells.

(Acquired pure red cell aplasia, NCI Dictionary)

A white blood cell produced in the bone marrow that, due to contact with an antigen, able to proliferate and differentiate into B memory cells, antibody-secreting B-lymphocytes or plasma cells.

(Activated B-Lymphocyte, NCI Thesaurus)

MILs are harvested from autologous bone marrow from multiple myeloma patients and, in vitro, are exposed to and activated by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies covalently attached to super-paramagnetic microbeads.

(Activated Marrow Infiltrating Lymphocytes, NCI Thesaurus)

A rapidly progressing cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of white blood cells to be produced and enter the blood stream.

(Acute leukemia, NCI Dictionary)