5. Brahmacariyasuttavaṇṇanā

25. Pañcame nayidanti ettha na-iti paṭisedhe nipāto, tassa ‘‘vussatī’’ti iminā sambandho ‘‘na vussatī’’ti, ya-kāro padasandhikaro. Idaṃ-saddo ‘‘ekamidāhaṃ, bhikkhave, samayaṃ ukkaṭṭhāyaṃ viharāmi subhagavane sālarājamūle’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.91; ma. ni. 1.501) nipātamattaṃ, ‘‘idaṃ kho taṃ, bhikkhave, appamattakaṃ sīlamattaka’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.27) yathāvutte āsannapaccakkhe āgato.

‘‘Idañhi taṃ jetavanaṃ, isisaṅghanisevitaṃ;

Āvutthaṃ dhammarājena, pītisañjananaṃ mamā’’ti. (ma. ni. 3.387-388; saṃ. ni. 1.48, 101) –

Ādīsu vakkhamāne āsannapaccakkhe. Idhāpi vakkhamāneyeva āsannapaccakkhe daṭṭhabbo.

Brahmacariya-saddo –

‘‘Kiṃ te vataṃ kiṃ pana brahmacariyaṃ,

Kissa suciṇṇassa ayaṃ vipāko;

Iddhī jutī balavīriyūpapatti,

Idañca te nāga mahāvimānaṃ.

‘‘Ahañca bhariyā ca manussaloke,

Saddhā ubho dānapatī ahumhā;

Opānabhūtaṃ me gharaṃ tadāsi,

Santappitā samaṇabrāhmaṇā ca.

‘‘Taṃ me vataṃ taṃ pana brahmacariyaṃ,

Tassa suciṇṇassa ayaṃ vipāko;

Iddhī jutī balavīriyūpapatti,

Idañca me vīra mahāvimāna’’nti. –

Imasmiṃ puṇṇakajātake (jā. 2.22.1595) dāne āgato.

‘‘Kena pāṇi kāmadado, kena pāṇi madhussavo;

Kena te brahmacariyena, puññaṃ pāṇimhi ijjhatī’’ti. –

Imasmiṃ aṅkurapetavatthusmiṃ (pe. va. 275, 277) veyyāvacce.

‘‘Evaṃ kho taṃ, bhikkhave, tittiriyaṃ nāma brahmacariyaṃ ahosī’’ti imasmiṃ tittirajātake (cūḷava. 311) pañcasikkhāpadasīle.

‘‘Taṃ kho pana me, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṃ neva nibbidāya na virāgāya…pe… yāvadeva brahmalokūpapattiyā’’ti imasmiṃ mahāgovindasutte (dī. ni. 2.329) brahmavihāre.

‘‘Pare abrahmacārī bhavissanti, mayamettha brahmacārī bhavissāmā’’ti imasmiṃ sallekhasutte (ma. ni. 1.83) methunaviratiyaṃ.

‘‘Mayañca bhariyā nātikkamāma,

Amhe ca bhariyā nātikkamanti;

Aññatra tāhi brahmacariyaṃ carāma,

Tasmā hi amhaṃ daharā na mīyare’’ti. –

Imasmiṃ mahādhammapālajātake (jā. 1.10.97) sadārasantose.

‘‘Abhijānāmi kho panāhaṃ, sāriputta, caturaṅgasamannāgataṃ brahmacariyaṃ caritā, tapassī sudaṃ homī’’ti lomahaṃsasutte (ma. ni. 1.155) vīriye.

‘‘Hīnena brahmacariyena, khattiye upapajjati;

Majjhimena ca devattaṃ, uttamena visujjhatī’’ti. –

Nimijātake (jā. 2.22.429) attadamanavasena kate aṭṭhaṅgike uposathe.

‘‘Idaṃ kho pana me, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṃ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya…pe… ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo’’ti mahāgovindasutteyeva (dī. ni. 2.329) ariyamagge.

‘‘Tayidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ iddhañceva phītañca vitthārikaṃ bāhujaññaṃ puthubhūtaṃ yāva devamanussehi suppakāsita’’nti pāsādikasutte (dī. ni. 3.174) sikkhattayasaṅgahite sakalasmiṃ sāsane. Idhāpi ariyamagge sāsane ca vattati.

Vussatīti vusīyati, carīyatīti attho. Janakuhanatthanti ‘‘aho ayyo sīlavā vattasampanno appiccho santuṭṭho mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo’’tiādinā janassa sattalokassa vimhāpanatthaṃ. Keci pana ‘‘kuhanatthanti pāpicchassa icchāpakatassa sato sāmantajappanairiyāpathanissitapaccayapaṭisevanasaṅkhātena tividhena kuhanavatthunā kuhakabhāvena janassa vimhāpanattha’’nti vadanti. Idhāpi ayamevattho dassito. Tenevāha ‘‘tīhi kuhanavatthūhi janassa kuhanatthāyā’’ti, janassa vimhāpanatthāyāti attho. Janalāpanatthanti ‘‘evarūpassa nāma ayyassa dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ bhavissatī’’ti pasannacittehi ‘‘kenattho, kiṃ āharīyatū’’ti vadāpanatthaṃ. ‘‘Janalapanattha’’ntipi paṭhanti, tassa pāpicchassa sato paccayatthaṃ parikathobhāsādivasena lapanabhāvena upalāpakabhāvena janassa lapanatthanti attho. Tenevāha ‘‘na janalapanatthanti na janassa upalāpanattha’’nti.

Na itivādappamokkhānisaṃsatthanti ettha ‘‘na lābhasakkārasilokānisaṃsattha’’ntipi paṭhanti. Tattha yvāyaṃ ‘‘ākaṅkheyya ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘lābhī assaṃ cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārāna’nti, sīlesvevassa paripūrakārī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.65) sīlānisaṃsabhāvena vutto catupaccayalābho ca. Catunnaṃ paccayānaṃ sakkaccadānasaṅkhāto ādarabahumānagarukaraṇasaṅkhāto ca sakkāro, yo ca ‘‘sīlasampanno bahussuto sutadharo āraddhavīriyo’’tiādinā nayena uggacchanakathutighosasaṅkhāto siloko brahmacariyaṃ vasantānaṃ diṭṭhadhammiko ānisaṃso, tadatthanti attho. Keci pana ‘‘lābhasakkārasilokānisaṃsatthanti pāpicchasseva sato lābhādigarutāya lābhasakkārasilokasaṅkhātassa ānisaṃsassa udayassa nipphādanattha’’nti evamatthaṃ vadanti.

Naiti maṃ jano jānātūti evaṃ brahmacariyavāse sati ‘‘sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo’’tiādinā maṃ loko jānātu sambhāvetūti attano santaguṇavasena sambhāvanatthampi na idaṃ brahmacariyaṃ vussatīti sambandho. Keci pana ‘‘pāpicchassa sato asantaguṇasambhāvanādhippāyena ‘iti evaṃguṇoti maṃ loko jānātū’ti na idaṃ brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’’ti evamettha atthaṃ vadanti. Sabbatthāpi panettha purimo purimoyeva atthavikappo sundarataro.

Atha khoti ettha athāti aññatthe nipāto, khoti avadhāraṇe. Tena kuhanādito aññadatthaṃyeva idaṃ, bhikkhave, brahmacariyaṃ vussatīti dasseti. Idāni taṃ payojanaṃ dassento ‘‘saṃvaratthaṃ pahānattha’’nti āha. Tattha pañcavidho saṃvaro – pātimokkhasaṃvaro, satisaṃvaro, ñāṇasaṃvaro, khantisaṃvaro, vīriyasaṃvaroti. ‘‘Iti iminā pātimokkhasaṃvarena upeto hoti samupeto’’tiādinā (vibha. 511) nayena āgato ayaṃ pātimokkhasaṃvaro, sīlasaṃvarotipi vuccati. ‘‘Rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.295; saṃ. ni. 4.239; a. ni. 3.16) āgato ayaṃ satisaṃvaro.

‘‘Yāni sotāni lokasmiṃ, sati tesaṃ nivāraṇaṃ;

Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūmi, paññāyete pidhīyare’’ti. (su. ni. 1041; cūḷani. ajitamāṇavapucchāniddeso 4; netti. 4.11, 45) –

Āgato ayaṃ ñāṇasaṃvaro. ‘‘Khamo hoti sītassa uṇhassā’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 1.24; a. ni. 4.114; 6.58) nayena āgato ayaṃ khantisaṃvaro.

‘‘Uppannaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ nādhivāsetī’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 1.26; a. ni. 4.114; 6.58) nayena āgato ayaṃ vīriyasaṃvaro.

Atthato pana pāṇātipātādīnaṃ pajahanavasena vattappaṭivattānaṃ pūraṇavasena ca pavattā cetanā ceva virati ca. Saṅkhepato sabbo kāyavacīsaṃyamo, vitthārato sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ avītikkamo sīlasaṃvaro. Sati eva satisaṃvaro, satippadhānā vā kusalā khandhā. Ñāṇameva ñāṇasaṃvaro. Adhivāsanavasena adoso, adosappadhānā vā tathāpavattā kusalā khandhā khantisaṃvaro, paññāti eke. Kāmavitakkādīnaṃ abhibhavanavasena pavattaṃ vīriyameva vīriyasaṃvaro. Tesu paṭhamo kāyaduccaritādīsu dussīlassa saṃvaraṇato saṃvaro, dutiyo muṭṭhassaccassa , tatiyo aññāṇassa, catuttho akkhantiyā, pañcamo kosajjassa saṃvaraṇato pidahanato saṃvaroti veditabbo. Evametassa saṃvarassa atthāya saṃvaratthaṃ saṃvaranipphādanatthanti attho.

Tīhi pahānehīti tadaṅgavikkhambhanasamucchedasaṅkhātehi tīhi pahānehi. Pañcavidhappahānampi idha vattuṃ vaṭṭatiyeva. Pañcavidhañhi pahānaṃ tadaṅgavikkhambhanasamucchedappaṭippassaddhinissaraṇavasena. Tattha yaṃ dīpālokeneva tamassa paṭipakkhabhāvato alobhādīhi lobhādikassa nāmarūpaparicchedādivipassanāñāṇehi tassa tassa anatthassa pahānaṃ, seyyathidaṃ – pariccāgena lobhādimalassa, sīlena pāṇātipātādidussīlyassa, saddhādīhi assaddhiyādikassa, nāmarūpavavatthānena sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā, paccayapariggahena ahetuvisamahetudiṭṭhīnaṃ, tasseva aparabhāgena kaṅkhāvitaraṇena kathaṃkathībhāvassa, kalāpasammasanena ahaṃmamāti gāhassa, maggāmaggavavatthānena amagge maggasaññāya, udayadassanena ucchedadiṭṭhiyā, vayadassanena sassatadiṭṭhiyā, bhayadassanena sabhaye abhayasaññāya, ādīnavadassanena assādasaññāya, nibbidānupassanena abhiratisaññāya, muccitukamyatāñāṇena amuccitukamyatāya, upekkhāñāṇena anupekkhāya, anulomena dhammaṭṭhitiyaṃ nibbāne ca paṭilomabhāvassa, gotrabhunā saṅkhāranimittaggāhassa pahānaṃ, etaṃ tadaṅgappahānaṃ nāma.

Yaṃ pana upacārappanābhedena samādhinā pavattibhāvanivāraṇato ghaṭappahāreneva udakapiṭṭhe sevālassa, tesaṃ tesaṃ nīvaraṇādidhammānaṃ pahānaṃ, etaṃ vikkhambhanappahānaṃ nāma. Yaṃ catunnaṃ ariyamaggānaṃ bhāvitattā taṃtaṃmaggavato attano santāne ‘‘diṭṭhigatānaṃ pahānāyā’’tiādinā (dha. sa. 277; vibha. 628) nayena vuttassa samudayapakkhiyassa kilesagahaṇassa accantaṃ appavattibhāvena samucchindanaṃ, etaṃ samucchedappahānaṃ nāma. Yaṃ pana phalakkhaṇe paṭippassaddhatthaṃ kilesānaṃ, etaṃ paṭippassaddhippahānaṃ nāma. Yaṃ sabbasaṅkhatanissaṭattā pahīnasabbasaṅkhataṃ nibbānaṃ, etaṃ nissaraṇappahānaṃ nāma . Tassa pañcavidhassapi tathā tathā rāgādikilesānaṃ paṭinissajjanaṭṭhena samatikkamanaṭṭhena vā pahānassa atthāya, pahānasādhanatthanti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo.

Tattha saṃvarena kilesānaṃ cittasantāne pavesanivāraṇaṃ pahānena ca pavesanivāraṇameva samugghāto cāti vadanti. Ubhayenapi pana yathārahaṃ ubhayaṃ sampajjatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sīlādidhammā eva hi saṃvaraṇato saṃvaraṃ, pajahanato pahānanti.

Anītihanti ītiyo vuccanti upaddavā diṭṭhadhammikā samparāyikā ca. Ītiyo hantīti ītihaṃ, anu ītihanti anītihaṃ, sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ maggabrahmacariyañca. Atha vā ītīhi anatthehi saddhiṃ hananti gacchanti pavattantīti ītihā, taṇhādiupakkilesā. Natthi ettha ītihāti anītihaṃ. Ītihā vā yathāvuttenatthena titthiyasamayā, tappaṭipakkhato idaṃ anītihaṃ. ‘‘Anitiha’’ntipi pāṭho. Tassattho – ‘‘itihāya’’nti dhammesu anekaṃsaggāhabhāvato vicikicchā itihaṃ nāma, sammāsambuddhappaveditattā yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjantānaṃ nikkaṅkhabhāvasādhanato ca natthi ettha itihanti anitihaṃ, aparapattiyanti attho. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti, ‘‘atakkāvacaro’’ti (dī. ni. 2.67; ma. ni. 1.281; 2.337; saṃ. ni. 1.172; mahāva. 7-8) ca. Gāthābandhasukhatthaṃ pana ‘‘anītiha’’nti dīghaṃ katvā paṭhanti. Pacchimaṃ panettha atthavikappaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘itihaparivajjita’’ntiādi vuttaṃ.

Nibbānasaṅkhātaṃ ogadhaṃ patiṭṭhaṃ pāraṃ gacchatīti nibbānogadhagāmī, vimuttirasattā ekanteneva nibbānasampāpakoti attho, taṃ nibbānogadhagāminaṃ brahmacariyaṃ. Nibbānogadhoti vā ariyamaggo vuccati tena vinā nibbānāvagāhaṇassa asambhavato tassa ca nibbānaṃ anālambitvā appavattanato, tañcetaṃ ekantasampādanena gacchatīti nibbānogadhagāmī. Atha vā nibbānogadhagāminanti nibbānassa antogāminaṃ. Maggabrahmacariyañhi nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karitvā tassa anto eva pavattatīti. Imameva ca atthavikappaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘nibbānassa antogāmina’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Soti yo so samatiṃsa pāramiyo pūretvā sabbakilese bhañjitvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho, so bhagavā adesayi desesi . Mahantehīti mahāātumehi uḷārajjhāsayehi. Mahantaṃ nibbānaṃ, mahante vā sīlakkhandhādike esanti gavesantīti mahesino, buddhādayo ariyā. Tehi anuyāto paṭipanno.

Yathā buddhena desitanti yathā abhiññeyyādibhāvena sammāsambuddhena mayā desitaṃ, evaṃ ye etaṃ maggabrahmacariyaṃ tadatthaṃ sāsanabrahmacariyañca paṭipajjanti. Te diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi yathārahaṃ anusāsantassa satthu mayhaṃ sāsanakārino ovādappaṭikarā sakalassa vaṭṭadukkhassa antaṃ pariyantaṃ appavattiṃ karissanti, dukkhassa vā antaṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikarissantīti.

Brahmacariyasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.