12. Brahmadattattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Akkodhassātiādikā āyasmato brahmadattattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ kosalarañño putto hutvā nibbatti, brahmadattotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto jetavanamahe buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto saha paṭisambhidāhi chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Taṃ ekadivasaṃ nagare piṇḍāya carantaṃ aññataro brāhmaṇo akkosi. Thero taṃ sutvāpi tuṇhībhūto piṇḍāya caratiyeva, brāhmaṇo punapi akkosiyeva. Manussā evaṃ akkosantampi naṃ ‘‘ayaṃ thero na kiñci bhaṇatī’’ti āhaṃsu. Taṃ sutvā thero tesaṃ manussānaṃ dhammaṃ desento –

441.

‘‘Akkodhassa kuto kodho, dantassa samajīvino;

Sammadaññā vimuttassa, upasantassa tādino.

442.

‘‘Tasseva tena pāpiyo, yo kuddhaṃ paṭikujjhati;

Kuddhaṃ appaṭikujjhanto, saṅgāmaṃ jeti dujjayaṃ.

443.

‘‘Ubhinnamatthaṃ carati, attano ca parassa ca;

Paraṃ saṅkupitaṃ ñatvā, yo sato upasammati.

444.

‘‘Ubhinnaṃ tikicchantaṃ taṃ, attano ca parassa ca;

Janā maññanti bāloti, ye dhammassa akovidā. (saṃ. ni. 1.189);

445.

‘‘Uppajje te sace kodho, āvajja kakacūpamaṃ;

Uppajje ce rase taṇhā, puttamaṃsūpamaṃ sara.

446.

‘‘Sace dhāvati cittaṃ te, kāmesu ca bhavesu ca;

Khippaṃ niggaṇha satiyā, kiṭṭhādaṃ viya duppasu’’nti. –

Imā gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha akkodhassāti kodharahitassa maggena samucchinnakodhassa. Kuto kodhoti kuto nāma hetu kodho uppajjeyya, tassa uppattikāraṇaṃ natthīti attho. Dantassāti uttamena damena aggamaggadamathena dantassa. Samajīvinoti kāyavisamādīni sabbaso pahāya kāyasamādīnaṃ vasena samaṃ jīvantassa sattaṭṭhāniyena sampajaññena sammadeva vattantassa. Sammadaññā vimuttassāti sammā aññāya abhiññeyyādike dhamme jānitvā sabbāsavehi vippamuttassa. Tato eva sabbakilesadarathapariḷāhavūpasamena upasantassa. Iṭṭhādīsu tādilakkhaṇappattiyā tādino khīṇāsavassa kuto kodhoti aññāpadesena thero attano kodhābhāvaṃ tassa ca kāraṇāni vatvā idāni kodhe akodhe ca ādīnavānisaṃsadassanena dhammaṃ kathento ‘‘tassevā’’tiādimāha. Tattha yo kuddhaṃ paṭikujjhatīti yo puggalo attano upari kuddhaṃ kupitaṃ puggalaṃ paṭikujjhati, tasseva tena paṭikujjhanapaccakkosanapaṭippaharaṇādinā pāpiyo idhaloke viññūgarahādivasena paraloke nirayadukkhādivasena abhaddakataraṃ akalyāṇataraṃ hoti. Kujjhanena pana akuddhassa pāpaṃ hotīti vattabbameva natthi. Keci pana ‘‘yo akuddhaṃ paṭikuddhaṃ ārabbha kujjhatī’’ti atthaṃ vadanti. Kuddhaṃ appaṭikujjhantoti yo pana kuddhaṃ puggalaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ kuddho kodhapareto’’ti ñatvā na paṭikujjhati khamati, so dujjayaṃ kilesasaṅgāmaṃ jeti nāma. Na kevalañcassa kilesasaṅgāmajayo eva, atha kho ubhayahitapaṭipattimpīti dassento āha ‘‘ubhinnamatthaṃ…pe… upasammatī’’ti. Yo paraṃ puggalaṃ saṅkupitaṃ kuddhaṃ ‘‘kodhapareto’’ti ñatvā taṃ mettāyanto ajjhupekkhanto vā sato sampajāno hutvā upasammati khamati na paṭippharati. So attano ca parassa cāti ubhinnaṃ ubhayalokasukhāvahaṃ atthaṃ hitaṃ carati.

Ubhinnaṃ tikicchantaṃ tanti taṃ attano ca parassa cāti ubhinnaṃ dvinnaṃ kodhabyādhitikicchāya tikicchantaṃ khamantaṃ puggalaṃ ye janā dhammassa ariyācāradhamme akusalā, te bālā ‘‘ayaṃ aviddasu yo attānaṃ akkosantassa paharantassa kiñci na karotī’’ti maññanti , taṃ tesaṃ ayoniso maññananti adhippāyo. ‘‘Tikicchana’’ntipi paṭhanti, tikicchanasabhāvanti attho.

Evaṃ therena vuccamānaṃ dhammaṃ sutvā akkosakabrāhmaṇo saṃviggo pasannacitto ca hutvā theraṃ khamāpetvā tasseva santike pabbaji. Thero tassa kammaṭṭhānaṃ dento ‘‘imassa mettābhāvanā yuttā’’ti mettākammaṭṭhānaṃ datvā kodhapariyuṭṭhānādīsu paccavekkhaṇādividhiṃ dassento ‘‘uppajje te’’tiādimāha. Tattha uppajje te saceti sace te kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjantassa kañci puggalaṃ nissāya ciraparicayo kodho uppajjeyya, tassa vūpasamāya –

‘‘Ubhatodaṇḍakena cepi, bhikkhave, kakacena corā ocarakā aṅgamaṅgāni okanteyyuṃ, tatrāpi yo mano padūseyya, na me so tena sāsanakaro’’ti (ma. ni. 1.232) –

Satthārā vuttaṃ kakacūpamaṃ ovādaṃ āvajjehi. Uppajje ce rase taṇhāti sace te madhurādibhede rase taṇhā abhilāso uppajjeyya, tassa vūpasamāya –

‘‘Puttamaṃsaṃ jāyampatikā yathā kantāranittharaṇatthameva khādiṃsu, na rasataṇhāya evaṃ kulaputtopi pabbajito piṇḍapātaṃ paṭisevati…pe… phāsuvihāro cā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.63 atthato samānaṃ) –

Evaṃ vuttaṃ puttamaṃsūpamovādaṃ sara anussara.

Sace dhāvati te cittanti ayoniso manasi karoto tava cittaṃ kāmesu pañcakāmaguṇesu chandarāgavasena, kāmabhavādīsu bhavesu bhavapatthanāvasena sace dhāvati sarati javati. Khippaṃ niggaṇha satiyā, kiṭṭhādaṃviya duppasunti tathā dhāvituṃ adento yathā nāma puriso kiṭṭhādaṃ sassakhādakaṃ duppasuṃ duṭṭhagoṇaṃ yottena thambhe bandhitvā attano vase vatteti, evaṃ satiyā satiyottena sammādhithambhe bandhanto khippaṃ sīghameva niggaṇha, yathā kilesavigamena nibbisevanaṃ hoti, tathā damehīti. Keci pana ‘‘thero puthujjanova hutvā akkosaṃ adhivāsento tesaṃ manussānaṃ ariyaguṇe pakāsento dhammaṃ kathetvā pacchā dvīhi gāthāhi attānaṃ ovadanto vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ patvā aññaṃ byākaronto imāyeva gāthā abhāsī’’ti vadanti.

Brahmadattattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.