Tipiṭaka / Tipiṭaka (English) / Dīgha Nikāya, English translation

दीघ निकाय २६

Dīgha Nikāya 26

Long Discourses 26

चक्कवत्तिसुत्त

Cakkavattisutta

The Wheel-Turning Monarch

१। अत्तदीपसरणता

1. Attadīpasaraṇatā

1. Taking Refuge in Oneself

एवं मे सुतं—एकं समयं भगवा मगधेसु विहरति मातुलायं। तत्र खो भगवा भिक्खू आमन्तेसि: “भिक्खवो”ति।

Evaṁ me sutaṁ—ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā magadhesu viharati mātulāyaṁ. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi: “bhikkhavo”ti.

So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying in the land of the Magadhans at Mātulā. There the Buddha addressed the bhikkhus, “Bhikkhus!”

“भद्दन्ते”ति ते भिक्खू भगवतो पच्चस्सोसुं। भगवा एतदवोच:

“Bhaddante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ. Bhagavā etadavoca:

“Venerable sir,” they replied. The Buddha said this:

“अत्तदीपा, भिक्खवे, विहरथ अत्तसरणा अनञ्ञसरणा, धम्मदीपा धम्मसरणा अनञ्ञसरणा। कथञ्च पन, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु अत्तदीपो विहरति अत्तसरणो अनञ्ञसरणो, धम्मदीपो धम्मसरणो अनञ्ञसरणो? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति आतापी सम्पजानो सतिमा विनेय्य लोके अभिज्झादोमनस्सं। वेदनासु वेदनानुपस्सी …पे… चित्ते चित्तानुपस्सी …पे… धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति आतापी सम्पजानो सतिमा विनेय्य लोके अभिज्झादोमनस्सं। एवं खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु अत्तदीपो विहरति अत्तसरणो अनञ्ञसरणो, धम्मदीपो धम्मसरणो अनञ्ञसरणो।

“Attadīpā, bhikkhave, viharatha attasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā, dhammadīpā dhammasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā. Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu attadīpo viharati attasaraṇo anaññasaraṇo, dhammadīpo dhammasaraṇo anaññasaraṇo? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ. Vedanāsu vedanānupassī …pe… citte cittānupassī …pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu attadīpo viharati attasaraṇo anaññasaraṇo, dhammadīpo dhammasaraṇo anaññasaraṇo.

“Bhikkhus, live as your own island, your own refuge, with no other refuge. Let the teaching be your island and your refuge, with no other refuge. And how does a bhikkhu do this? They meditate observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. That’s how a bhikkhu lives as their own island, their own refuge, with no other refuge. That’s how they let the teaching be their island and their refuge, with no other refuge.

गोचरे, भिक्खवे, चरथ सके पेत्तिके विसये। गोचरे, भिक्खवे, चरतं सके पेत्तिके विसये न लच्छति मारो ओतारं, न लच्छति मारो आरम्मणं। कुसलानं, भिक्खवे, धम्मानं समादानहेतु एवमिदं पुञ्ञं पवड्ढति।

Gocare, bhikkhave, caratha sake pettike visaye. Gocare, bhikkhave, carataṁ sake pettike visaye na lacchati māro otāraṁ, na lacchati māro ārammaṇaṁ. Kusalānaṁ, bhikkhave, dhammānaṁ samādānahetu evamidaṁ puññaṁ pavaḍḍhati.

You should roam inside your own territory, the domain of your fathers. If you roam inside your own territory, the domain of your fathers, Māra won’t catch you or get hold of you. It is due to undertaking skillful qualities that merit grows.

२। दळ्हनेमिचक्कवत्तिराजा

2. Daḷhanemicakkavattirājā

2. King Daḷhanemi

भूतपुब्बं, भिक्खवे, राजा दळ्हनेमि नाम अहोसि चक्कवत्ती धम्मिको धम्मराजा चातुरन्तो विजितावी जनपदत्थावरियप्पत्तो सत्तरतनसमन्नागतो। तस्सिमानि सत्त रतनानि अहेसुं सेय्यथिदं—चक्करतनं हत्थिरतनं अस्सरतनं मणिरतनं इत्थिरतनं गहपतिरतनं परिणायकरतनमेव सत्तमं। परोसहस्सं खो पनस्स पुत्ता अहेसुं सूरा वीरङ्गरूपा परसेनप्पमद्दना। सो इमं पथविं सागरपरियन्तं अदण्डेन असत्थेन धम्मेन अभिविजिय अज्झावसि।

Bhūtapubbaṁ, bhikkhave, rājā daḷhanemi nāma ahosi cakkavattī¹ dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Tassimāni satta ratanāni ahesuṁ seyyathidaṁ—cakkaratanaṁ hatthiratanaṁ assaratanaṁ maṇiratanaṁ itthiratanaṁ gahapatiratanaṁ pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṁ. Parosahassaṁ kho panassa puttā ahesuṁ sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṁ pathaviṁ sāgarapariyantaṁ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena² abhivijiya ajjhāvasi.

Once upon a time, bhikkhus, there was a king named Daḷhanemi who was a wheel-turning monarch, a just and principled king. His dominion extended to all four sides, he achieved stability in the country, and he possessed the seven treasures. He had the following seven treasures: the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the treasurer, and the counselor as the seventh treasure. He had over a thousand sons who were valiant and heroic, crushing the armies of his enemies. After conquering this land girt by sea, he reigned by principle, without rod or sword.

अथ खो, भिक्खवे, राजा दळ्हनेमि बहुन्नं वस्सानं बहुन्नं वस्ससतानं बहुन्नं वस्ससहस्सानं अच्चयेन अञ्ञतरं पुरिसं आमन्तेसि: ‘यदा त्वं, अम्भो पुरिस, पस्सेय्यासि दिब्बं चक्करतनं ओसक्कितं ठाना चुतं, अथ मे आरोचेय्यासीऽति।

Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā daḷhanemi bahunnaṁ vassānaṁ bahunnaṁ vassasatānaṁ bahunnaṁ vassasahassānaṁ accayena aññataraṁ purisaṁ āmantesi: ‘yadā tvaṁ, ambho purisa, passeyyāsi dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ osakkitaṁ ṭhānā cutaṁ, atha me āroceyyāsī’ti.

Then, after many years, many hundred years, many thousand years had passed, King Daḷhanemi addressed one of his men, ‘My good man, when you see that the heavenly wheel-treasure has receded back from its place, please tell me.’

‘एवं, देवाऽति खो, भिक्खवे, सो पुरिसो रञ्ञो दळ्हनेमिस्स पच्चस्सोसि।

‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, so puriso rañño daḷhanemissa paccassosi.

‘Yes, Your Majesty,’ replied that man.

अद्दसा खो, भिक्खवे, सो पुरिसो बहुन्नं वस्सानं बहुन्नं वस्ससतानं बहुन्नं वस्ससहस्सानं अच्चयेन दिब्बं चक्करतनं ओसक्कितं ठाना चुतं, दिस्वान येन राजा दळ्हनेमि तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा राजानं दळ्हनेमिं एतदवोच: ‘यग्घे, देव, जानेय्यासि, दिब्बं ते चक्करतनं ओसक्कितं ठाना चुतन्ऽति।

Addasā kho, bhikkhave, so puriso bahunnaṁ vassānaṁ bahunnaṁ vassasatānaṁ bahunnaṁ vassasahassānaṁ accayena dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ osakkitaṁ ṭhānā cutaṁ, disvāna yena rājā daḷhanemi tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā rājānaṁ daḷhanemiṁ etadavoca: ‘yagghe, deva, jāneyyāsi, dibbaṁ te cakkaratanaṁ osakkitaṁ ṭhānā cutan’ti.

After many thousand years had passed, that man saw that the heavenly wheel-treasure had receded back from its place. So he went to King Daḷhanemi and said, ‘Please sire, you should know that your heavenly wheel-treasure has receded back from its place.’

अथ खो, भिक्खवे, राजा दळ्हनेमि जेट्ठपुत्तं कुमारं आमन्तापेत्वा एतदवोच: ‘दिब्बं किर मे, तात कुमार, चक्करतनं ओसक्कितं ठाना चुतं। सुतं खो पन मेतं—यस्स रञ्ञो चक्कवत्तिस्स दिब्बं चक्करतनं ओसक्कति ठाना चवति, न दानि तेन रञ्ञा चिरं जीवितब्बं होतीति। भुत्ता खो पन मे मानुसका कामा, समयो दानि मे दिब्बे कामे परियेसितुं। एहि त्वं, तात कुमार, इमं समुद्दपरियन्तं पथविं पटिपज्ज। अहं पन केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजिस्सामीऽति।

Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā daḷhanemi jeṭṭhaputtaṁ kumāraṁ āmantāpetvā etadavoca: ‘dibbaṁ kira me, tāta kumāra, cakkaratanaṁ osakkitaṁ ṭhānā cutaṁ. Sutaṁ kho pana metaṁ—yassa rañño cakkavattissa dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ osakkati ṭhānā cavati, na dāni tena raññā ciraṁ jīvitabbaṁ hotīti. Bhuttā kho pana me mānusakā kāmā, samayo dāni me dibbe kāme pariyesituṁ. Ehi tvaṁ, tāta kumāra, imaṁ samuddapariyantaṁ pathaviṁ paṭipajja. Ahaṁ pana kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāmī’ti.

So the king summoned the crown prince and said, ‘Dear prince, my heavenly wheel-treasure has receded back from its place. I’ve heard that when this happens to a wheel-turning monarch, he does not have long to live. I have enjoyed human pleasures. Now it is time for me to seek heavenly pleasures. Come, dear prince, rule this land surrounded by ocean! I shall shave off my hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness.’

अथ खो, भिक्खवे, राजा दळ्हनेमि जेट्ठपुत्तं कुमारं साधुकं रज्जे समनुसासित्वा केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजि। सत्ताहपब्बजिते खो पन, भिक्खवे, राजिसिम्हि दिब्बं चक्करतनं अन्तरधायि।

Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā daḷhanemi jeṭṭhaputtaṁ kumāraṁ sādhukaṁ rajje samanusāsitvā kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbaji. Sattāhapabbajite kho pana, bhikkhave, rājisimhi dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ antaradhāyi.

And so, after carefully instructing the crown prince in kingship, King Daḷhanemi shaved off his hair and beard, dressed in ocher robes, and went forth from the lay life to homelessness. Seven days later the heavenly wheel-treasure vanished.

अथ खो, भिक्खवे, अञ्ञतरो पुरिसो येन राजा खत्तियो मुद्धाभिसित्तो तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा राजानं खत्तियं मुद्धाभिसित्तं एतदवोच: ‘यग्घे, देव, जानेय्यासि, दिब्बं चक्करतनं अन्तरहितन्ऽति। अथ खो, भिक्खवे, राजा खत्तियो मुद्धाभिसित्तो दिब्बे चक्करतने अन्तरहिते अनत्तमनो अहोसि, अनत्तमनतञ्च पटिसंवेदेसि। सो येन राजिसि तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा राजिसिं एतदवोच: ‘यग्घे, देव, जानेय्यासि, दिब्बं चक्करतनं अन्तरहितन्ऽति।

Atha kho, bhikkhave, aññataro puriso yena rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto³ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā rājānaṁ khattiyaṁ muddhābhisittaṁ etadavoca: ‘yagghe, deva, jāneyyāsi, dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ antarahitan’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto dibbe cakkaratane antarahite anattamano ahosi, anattamanatañca paṭisaṁvedesi. So yena rājisi tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā rājisiṁ etadavoca: ‘yagghe, deva, jāneyyāsi, dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ antarahitan’ti.

Then a certain man approached the newly anointed aristocrat king and said, ‘Please sire, you should know that the heavenly wheel-treasure has vanished.’ At that the king was unhappy and experienced unhappiness. He went to the royal sage and said, ‘Please sire, you should know that the heavenly wheel-treasure has vanished.’

एवं वुत्ते, भिक्खवे, राजिसि राजानं खत्तियं मुद्धाभिसित्तं एतदवोच: ‘मा खो त्वं, तात, दिब्बे चक्करतने अन्तरहिते अनत्तमनो अहोसि, मा अनत्तमनतञ्च पटिसंवेदेसि, न हि ते, तात, दिब्बं चक्करतनं पेत्तिकं दायज्जं। इङ्घ त्वं, तात, अरिये चक्कवत्तिवत्ते वत्ताहि। ठानं खो पनेतं विज्जति, यं ते अरिये चक्कवत्तिवत्ते वत्तमानस्स तदहुपोसथे पन्नरसे सीसंन्हातस्स उपोसथिकस्स उपरिपासादवरगतस्स दिब्बं चक्करतनं पातुभविस्सति सहस्सारं सनेमिकं सनाभिकं सब्बाकारपरिपूरन्ऽति।

Evaṁ vutte, bhikkhave, rājisi rājānaṁ khattiyaṁ muddhābhisittaṁ etadavoca: ‘mā kho tvaṁ, tāta, dibbe cakkaratane antarahite anattamano ahosi, mā anattamanatañca paṭisaṁvedesi, na hi te, tāta, dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ pettikaṁ dāyajjaṁ. Iṅgha tvaṁ, tāta, ariye cakkavattivatte vattāhi. Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ vijjati, yaṁ te ariye cakkavattivatte vattamānassa tadahuposathe pannarase sīsaṁnhātassa⁴ uposathikassa uparipāsādavaragatassa dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ pātubhavissati sahassāraṁ sanemikaṁ sanābhikaṁ sabbākāraparipūran’ti.

When he said this, the royal sage said to him, ‘Don’t be unhappy at the vanishing of the wheel-treasure. My dear, the wheel-treasure is not inherited from your father. Come now, my dear, proceed in the noble duty of a wheel-turning monarch. If you do so, it’s possible that—on a fifteenth day Uposatha, having bathed your head and gone upstairs in the royal longhouse to observe the Uposatha day—the heavenly wheel-treasure will appear to you, with a thousand spokes, with rim and hub, complete in every detail.’

२।१। चक्कवत्तिअरियवत्त

2.1. Cakkavattiariyavatta

2.1. The Noble Duty of a Wheel-Turning Monarch

‘कतमं पन तं, देव, अरियं चक्कवत्तिवत्तन्ऽति?

‘Katamaṁ pana taṁ, deva, ariyaṁ cakkavattivattan’ti?

‘But sire, what is the noble duty of a wheel-turning monarch?’

‘तेन हि त्वं, तात, धम्मंयेव निस्साय धम्मं सक्करोन्तो धम्मं गरुं करोन्तो धम्मं मानेन्तो धम्मं पूजेन्तो धम्मं अपचायमानो धम्मद्धजो धम्मकेतु धम्माधिपतेय्यो धम्मिकं रक्खावरणगुत्तिं संविदहस्सु अन्तोजनस्मिं बलकायस्मिं खत्तियेसु अनुयन्तेसु ब्राह्मणगहपतिकेसु नेगमजानपदेसु समणब्राह्मणेसु मिगपक्खीसु। मा च ते, तात, विजिते अधम्मकारो पवत्तित्थ। ये च ते, तात, विजिते अधना अस्सु, तेसञ्च धनमनुप्पदेय्यासि।

‘Tena hi tvaṁ, tāta, dhammaṁyeva nissāya dhammaṁ sakkaronto dhammaṁ garuṁ karonto dhammaṁ mānento dhammaṁ pūjento dhammaṁ apacāyamāno dhammaddhajo dhammaketu dhammādhipateyyo dhammikaṁ rakkhāvaraṇaguttiṁ saṁvidahassu antojanasmiṁ balakāyasmiṁ khattiyesu anuyantesu⁵ brāhmaṇagahapatikesu negamajānapadesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu migapakkhīsu. Mā ca te, tāta, vijite adhammakāro pavattittha. Ye ca te, tāta, vijite adhanā assu, tesañca dhanamanuppadeyyāsi.

‘Well then, my dear, relying only on principle—honoring, respecting, and venerating principle, having principle as your flag, banner, and authority—provide just protection and security for your court, troops, aristocrats, vassals, brahmins and householders, people of town and country, ascetics and brahmins, beasts and birds. Do not let injustice prevail in the realm. Provide money to the penniless in the realm.

ये च ते, तात, विजिते समणब्राह्मणा मदप्पमादा पटिविरता खन्तिसोरच्चे निविट्ठा एकमत्तानं दमेन्ति, एकमत्तानं समेन्ति, एकमत्तानं परिनिब्बापेन्ति, ते कालेन कालं उपसङ्कमित्वा परिपुच्छेय्यासि परिग्गण्हेय्यासि: “किं, भन्ते, कुसलं, किं अकुसलं, किं सावज्जं, किं अनवज्जं, किं सेवितब्बं, किं न सेवितब्बं, किं मे करीयमानं दीघरत्तं अहिताय दुक्खाय अस्स, किं वा पन मे करीयमानं दीघरत्तं हिताय सुखाय अस्सा”ति? तेसं सुत्वा यं अकुसलं तं अभिनिवज्जेय्यासि, यं कुसलं तं समादाय वत्तेय्यासि।

Ye ca te, tāta, vijite samaṇabrāhmaṇā madappamādā paṭiviratā khantisoracce niviṭṭhā ekamattānaṁ damenti, ekamattānaṁ samenti, ekamattānaṁ parinibbāpenti, te kālena kālaṁ upasaṅkamitvā paripuccheyyāsi pariggaṇheyyāsi: “kiṁ, bhante, kusalaṁ, kiṁ akusalaṁ, kiṁ sāvajjaṁ, kiṁ anavajjaṁ, kiṁ sevitabbaṁ, kiṁ na sevitabbaṁ, kiṁ me karīyamānaṁ dīgharattaṁ ahitāya dukkhāya assa, kiṁ vā pana me karīyamānaṁ dīgharattaṁ hitāya sukhāya assā”ti? Tesaṁ sutvā yaṁ akusalaṁ taṁ abhinivajjeyyāsi, yaṁ kusalaṁ taṁ samādāya vatteyyāsi.

And there are ascetics and brahmins in the realm who avoid intoxication and negligence, are settled in patience and gentleness, and who tame, calm, and extinguish themselves. From time to time you should go up to them and ask and learn: “Sirs, what is skillful? What is unskillful? What is blameworthy? What is blameless? What should be cultivated? What should not be cultivated? Doing what leads to my lasting harm and suffering? Doing what leads to my lasting welfare and happiness?” Having heard them, you should reject what is unskillful and undertake and follow what is skillful.

इदं खो, तात, तं अरियं चक्कवत्तिवत्तन्ऽति।

Idaṁ kho, tāta, taṁ ariyaṁ cakkavattivattan’ti.

This is the noble duty of a wheel-turning monarch.’

२।२। चक्करतनपातुभाव

2.2. Cakkaratanapātubhāva

2.2. The Wheel-Treasure Appears

‘एवं, देवाऽति खो, भिक्खवे, राजा खत्तियो मुद्धाभिसित्तो राजिसिस्स पटिस्सुत्वा अरिये चक्कवत्तिवत्ते वत्ति।

‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto rājisissa paṭissutvā ariye cakkavattivatte vatti.

‘Yes, Your Majesty,’ replied the new king to the royal sage. And he proceeded in the noble duty of a wheel-turning monarch.

तस्स अरिये चक्कवत्तिवत्ते वत्तमानस्स तदहुपोसथे पन्नरसे सीसंन्हातस्स उपोसथिकस्स उपरिपासादवरगतस्स दिब्बं चक्करतनं पातुरहोसि सहस्सारं सनेमिकं सनाभिकं सब्बाकारपरिपूरं। दिस्वान रञ्ञो खत्तियस्स मुद्धाभिसित्तस्स एतदहोसि: ‘सुतं खो पन मेतं—यस्स रञ्ञो खत्तियस्स मुद्धाभिसित्तस्स तदहुपोसथे पन्नरसे सीसंन्हातस्स उपोसथिकस्स उपरिपासादवरगतस्स दिब्बं चक्करतनं पातुभवति सहस्सारं सनेमिकं सनाभिकं सब्बाकारपरिपूरं, सो होति राजा चक्कवत्तीति। अस्सं नु खो अहं राजा चक्कवत्तीऽति।

Tassa ariye cakkavattivatte vattamānassa tadahuposathe pannarase sīsaṁnhātassa uposathikassa uparipāsādavaragatassa dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ pāturahosi sahassāraṁ sanemikaṁ sanābhikaṁ sabbākāraparipūraṁ. Disvāna rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa etadahosi: ‘sutaṁ kho pana metaṁ—yassa rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa tadahuposathe pannarase sīsaṁnhātassa uposathikassa uparipāsādavaragatassa dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ pātubhavati sahassāraṁ sanemikaṁ sanābhikaṁ sabbākāraparipūraṁ, so hoti rājā cakkavattīti. Assaṁ nu kho ahaṁ rājā cakkavattī’ti.

While he was proceeding in that duty, on a fifteenth day Uposatha, he had bathed his head and gone upstairs in the royal longhouse to observe the Uposatha day. And the heavenly wheel-treasure appeared to him, with a thousand spokes, with rim and hub, complete in every detail. Seeing this, the king thought, ‘I have heard that when the heavenly wheel-treasure appears to a king in this way, he becomes a wheel-turning monarch. Am I then a wheel-turning monarch?’

अथ खो, भिक्खवे, राजा खत्तियो मुद्धाभिसित्तो उट्ठायासना एकंसं उत्तरासङ्गं करित्वा वामेन हत्थेन भिङ्कारं गहेत्वा दक्खिणेन हत्थेन चक्करतनं अब्भुक्किरि: ‘पवत्ततु भवं चक्करतनं, अभिविजिनातु भवं चक्करतनन्ऽति।

Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā vāmena hatthena bhiṅkāraṁ gahetvā dakkhiṇena hatthena cakkaratanaṁ abbhukkiri: ‘pavattatu bhavaṁ cakkaratanaṁ, abhivijinātu bhavaṁ cakkaratanan’ti.

Then the anointed king, rising from his seat and arranging his robe over one shoulder, took a ceremonial vase in his left hand and besprinkled the wheel-treasure with his right hand, saying, ‘Roll forth, O wheel-treasure! Triumph, O wheel-treasure!’

अथ खो तं, भिक्खवे, चक्करतनं पुरत्थिमं दिसं पवत्ति, अन्वदेव राजा चक्कवत्ती सद्धिं चतुरङ्गिनिया सेनाय। यस्मिं खो पन, भिक्खवे, पदेसे चक्करतनं पतिट्ठासि, तत्थ राजा चक्कवत्ती वासं उपगच्छि सद्धिं चतुरङ्गिनिया सेनाय। ये खो पन, भिक्खवे, पुरत्थिमाय दिसाय पटिराजानो, ते राजानं चक्कवत्तिं उपसङ्कमित्वा एवमाहंसु: ‘एहि खो, महाराज, स्वागतं ते महाराज, सकं ते, महाराज, अनुसास, महाराजाऽति। राजा चक्कवत्ती एवमाह: ‘पाणो न हन्तब्बो, अदिन्नं नादातब्बं, कामेसुमिच्छा न चरितब्बा, मुसा न भासितब्बा, मज्जं न पातब्बं, यथाभुत्तञ्च भुञ्जथाऽति। ये खो पन, भिक्खवे, पुरत्थिमाय दिसाय पटिराजानो, ते रञ्ञो चक्कवत्तिस्स अनुयन्ता अहेसुं।

Atha kho taṁ, bhikkhave, cakkaratanaṁ puratthimaṁ disaṁ pavatti, anvadeva rājā cakkavattī saddhiṁ caturaṅginiyā senāya. Yasmiṁ kho pana, bhikkhave, padese cakkaratanaṁ patiṭṭhāsi, tattha rājā cakkavattī vāsaṁ upagacchi saddhiṁ caturaṅginiyā senāya. Ye kho pana, bhikkhave, puratthimāya disāya paṭirājāno, te rājānaṁ cakkavattiṁ upasaṅkamitvā evamāhaṁsu: ‘ehi kho, mahārāja, svāgataṁ te⁶ mahārāja, sakaṁ te, mahārāja, anusāsa, mahārājā’ti. Rājā cakkavattī evamāha: ‘pāṇo na hantabbo, adinnaṁ nādātabbaṁ, kāmesumicchā na caritabbā, musā na bhāsitabbā, majjaṁ na pātabbaṁ, yathābhuttañca bhuñjathā’ti. Ye kho pana, bhikkhave, puratthimāya disāya paṭirājāno, te rañño cakkavattissa anuyantā⁷ ahesuṁ.

Then the wheel-treasure rolled towards the east. And the king followed it together with his army of four divisions. In whatever place the wheel-treasure stood still, there the king came to stay together with his army. And any opposing rulers of the eastern quarter came to the wheel-turning monarch and said, ‘Come, great king! Welcome, great king! We are yours, great king, instruct us.’ The wheel-turning monarch said, ‘Do not kill living creatures. Do not steal. Do not commit sexual misconduct. Do not lie. Do not drink alcohol. Maintain the current level of taxation.’ And so the opposing rulers of the eastern quarter became his vassals.

अथ खो तं, भिक्खवे, चक्करतनं पुरत्थिमं समुद्दं अज्झोगाहेत्वा पच्चुत्तरित्वा दक्खिणं दिसं पवत्ति …पे… दक्खिणं समुद्दं अज्झोगाहेत्वा पच्चुत्तरित्वा पच्छिमं दिसं पवत्ति, अन्वदेव राजा चक्कवत्ती सद्धिं चतुरङ्गिनिया सेनाय। यस्मिं खो पन, भिक्खवे, पदेसे चक्करतनं पतिट्ठासि, तत्थ राजा चक्कवत्ती वासं उपगच्छि सद्धिं चतुरङ्गिनिया सेनाय। ये खो पन, भिक्खवे, पच्छिमाय दिसाय पटिराजानो, ते राजानं चक्कवत्तिं उपसङ्कमित्वा एवमाहंसु: ‘एहि खो, महाराज, स्वागतं ते, महाराज, सकं ते, महाराज, अनुसास, महाराजाऽति। राजा चक्कवत्ती एवमाह: ‘पाणो न हन्तब्बो, अदिन्नं नादातब्बं, कामेसुमिच्छा न चरितब्बा, मुसा न भासितब्बा, मज्जं न पातब्बं, यथाभुत्तञ्च भुञ्जथाऽति। ये खो पन, भिक्खवे, पच्छिमाय दिसाय पटिराजानो, ते रञ्ञो चक्कवत्तिस्स अनुयन्ता अहेसुं।

Atha kho taṁ, bhikkhave, cakkaratanaṁ puratthimaṁ samuddaṁ ajjhogāhetvā⁸ paccuttaritvā dakkhiṇaṁ disaṁ pavatti …pe… dakkhiṇaṁ samuddaṁ ajjhogāhetvā paccuttaritvā pacchimaṁ disaṁ pavatti, anvadeva rājā cakkavattī saddhiṁ caturaṅginiyā senāya. Yasmiṁ kho pana, bhikkhave, padese cakkaratanaṁ⁹ patiṭṭhāsi, tattha rājā cakkavattī vāsaṁ upagacchi saddhiṁ caturaṅginiyā senāya. Ye kho pana, bhikkhave, pacchimāya disāya paṭirājāno, te rājānaṁ cakkavattiṁ upasaṅkamitvā evamāhaṁsu: ‘ehi kho, mahārāja, svāgataṁ te, mahārāja, sakaṁ te, mahārāja, anusāsa, mahārājā’ti. Rājā cakkavattī evamāha: ‘pāṇo na hantabbo, adinnaṁ nādātabbaṁ, kāmesumicchā na caritabbā, musā na bhāsitabbā, majjaṁ na pātabbaṁ, yathābhuttañca bhuñjathā’ti. Ye kho pana, bhikkhave, pacchimāya disāya paṭirājāno, te rañño cakkavattissa anuyantā ahesuṁ.

Then the wheel-treasure, having plunged into the eastern ocean and emerged again, rolled towards the south. … Having plunged into the southern ocean and emerged again, it rolled towards the west. …

अथ खो तं, भिक्खवे, चक्करतनं पच्छिमं समुद्दं अज्झोगाहेत्वा पच्चुत्तरित्वा उत्तरं दिसं पवत्ति, अन्वदेव राजा चक्कवत्ती सद्धिं चतुरङ्गिनिया सेनाय। यस्मिं खो पन, भिक्खवे, पदेसे चक्करतनं पतिट्ठासि, तत्थ राजा चक्कवत्ती वासं उपगच्छि सद्धिं चतुरङ्गिनिया सेनाय। ये खो पन, भिक्खवे, उत्तराय दिसाय पटिराजानो, ते राजानं चक्कवत्तिं उपसङ्कमित्वा एवमाहंसु: ‘एहि खो, महाराज, स्वागतं ते, महाराज, सकं ते, महाराज, अनुसास, महाराजाऽति। राजा चक्कवत्ती एवमाह: ‘पाणो न हन्तब्बो, अदिन्नं नादातब्बं, कामेसुमिच्छा न चरितब्बा, मुसा न भासितब्बा, मज्जं न पातब्बं, यथाभुत्तञ्च भुञ्जथाऽति। ये खो पन, भिक्खवे, उत्तराय दिसाय पटिराजानो, ते रञ्ञो चक्कवत्तिस्स अनुयन्ता अहेसुं।

Atha kho taṁ, bhikkhave, cakkaratanaṁ pacchimaṁ samuddaṁ ajjhogāhetvā paccuttaritvā uttaraṁ disaṁ pavatti, anvadeva rājā cakkavattī saddhiṁ caturaṅginiyā senāya. Yasmiṁ kho pana, bhikkhave, padese cakkaratanaṁ¹⁰ patiṭṭhāsi, tattha rājā cakkavattī vāsaṁ upagacchi saddhiṁ caturaṅginiyā senāya. Ye kho pana, bhikkhave, uttarāya disāya paṭirājāno, te rājānaṁ cakkavattiṁ upasaṅkamitvā evamāhaṁsu: ‘ehi kho, mahārāja, svāgataṁ te, mahārāja, sakaṁ te, mahārāja, anusāsa, mahārājā’ti. Rājā cakkavattī evamāha: ‘pāṇo na hantabbo, adinnaṁ nādātabbaṁ, kāmesumicchā na caritabbā, musā na bhāsitabbā, majjaṁ na pātabbaṁ, yathābhuttañca bhuñjathā’ti. Ye kho pana, bhikkhave, uttarāya disāya paṭirājāno, te rañño cakkavattissa anuyantā ahesuṁ.

Having plunged into the western ocean and emerged again, it rolled towards the north, followed by the king together with his army of four divisions. In whatever place the wheel-treasure stood still, there the king came to stay together with his army. And any opposing rulers of the northern quarter came to the wheel-turning monarch and said, ‘Come, great king! Welcome, great king! We are yours, great king, instruct us.’ The wheel-turning monarch said, ‘Do not kill living creatures. Do not steal. Do not commit sexual misconduct. Do not lie. Do not drink alcohol. Maintain the current level of taxation.’ And so the rulers of the northern quarter became his vassals.

अथ खो तं, भिक्खवे, चक्करतनं समुद्दपरियन्तं पथविं अभिविजिनित्वा तमेव राजधानिं पच्चागन्त्वा रञ्ञो चक्कवत्तिस्स अन्तेपुरद्वारे अत्थकरणपमुखे अक्खाहतं मञ्ञे अट्ठासि रञ्ञो चक्कवत्तिस्स अन्तेपुरं उपसोभयमानं।

Atha kho taṁ, bhikkhave, cakkaratanaṁ samuddapariyantaṁ pathaviṁ abhivijinitvā tameva rājadhāniṁ paccāgantvā rañño cakkavattissa antepuradvāre atthakaraṇapamukhe akkhāhataṁ maññe aṭṭhāsi rañño cakkavattissa antepuraṁ upasobhayamānaṁ.

And then the wheel-treasure, having triumphed over this land surrounded by ocean, returned to the royal capital. There it stood still by the gate to the royal compound at the High Court as if fixed to an axle, illuminating the royal compound.

३। दुतियादिचक्कवत्तिकथा

3. Dutiyādicakkavattikathā

3. On Subsequent Wheel-Turning Monarchs

दुतियोपि खो, भिक्खवे, राजा चक्कवत्ती …पे… ततियोपि खो, भिक्खवे, राजा चक्कवत्ती … चतुत्थोपि खो, भिक्खवे, राजा चक्कवत्ती … पञ्चमोपि खो, भिक्खवे, राजा चक्कवत्ती … छट्ठोपि खो, भिक्खवे, राजा चक्कवत्ती … सत्तमोपि खो, भिक्खवे, राजा चक्कवत्ती बहुन्नं वस्सानं बहुन्नं वस्ससतानं बहुन्नं वस्ससहस्सानं अच्चयेन अञ्ञतरं पुरिसं आमन्तेसि: ‘यदा त्वं, अम्भो पुरिस, पस्सेय्यासि दिब्बं चक्करतनं ओसक्कितं ठाना चुतं, अथ मे आरोचेय्यासीऽति। ‘एवं, देवाऽति खो, भिक्खवे, सो पुरिसो रञ्ञो चक्कवत्तिस्स पच्चस्सोसि। अद्दसा खो, भिक्खवे, सो पुरिसो बहुन्नं वस्सानं बहुन्नं वस्ससतानं बहुन्नं वस्ससहस्सानं अच्चयेन दिब्बं चक्करतनं ओसक्कितं ठाना चुतं। दिस्वान येन राजा चक्कवत्ती तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा राजानं चक्कवत्तिं एतदवोच: ‘यग्घे, देव, जानेय्यासि, दिब्बं ते चक्करतनं ओसक्कितं ठाना चुतन्ऽति?

Dutiyopi kho, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī …pe… tatiyopi kho, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī … catutthopi kho, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī … pañcamopi kho, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī … chaṭṭhopi kho, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī … sattamopi kho, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī bahunnaṁ vassānaṁ bahunnaṁ vassasatānaṁ bahunnaṁ vassasahassānaṁ accayena aññataraṁ purisaṁ āmantesi: ‘yadā tvaṁ, ambho purisa, passeyyāsi dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ osakkitaṁ ṭhānā cutaṁ, atha me āroceyyāsī’ti. ‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, so puriso rañño cakkavattissa paccassosi. Addasā kho, bhikkhave, so puriso bahunnaṁ vassānaṁ bahunnaṁ vassasatānaṁ bahunnaṁ vassasahassānaṁ accayena dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ osakkitaṁ ṭhānā cutaṁ. Disvāna yena rājā cakkavattī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā rājānaṁ cakkavattiṁ etadavoca: ‘yagghe, deva, jāneyyāsi, dibbaṁ te cakkaratanaṁ osakkitaṁ ṭhānā cutan’ti?

And for a second time, and a third, a fourth, a fifth, a sixth, and a seventh time, a wheel-turning monarch was established in exactly the same way. And after many years the seventh wheel-turning monarch went forth, handing the realm over to the crown prince.

अथ खो, भिक्खवे, राजा चक्कवत्ती जेट्ठपुत्तं कुमारं आमन्तापेत्वा एतदवोच: ‘दिब्बं किर मे, तात कुमार, चक्करतनं ओसक्कितं, ठाना चुतं, सुतं खो पन मेतं—यस्स रञ्ञो चक्कवत्तिस्स दिब्बं चक्करतनं ओसक्कति, ठाना चवति, न दानि तेन रञ्ञा चिरं जीवितब्बं होतीति। भुत्ता खो पन मे मानुसका कामा, समयो दानि मे दिब्बे कामे परियेसितुं, एहि त्वं, तात कुमार, इमं समुद्दपरियन्तं पथविं पटिपज्ज। अहं पन केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजिस्सामीऽति।

Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī jeṭṭhaputtaṁ kumāraṁ āmantāpetvā etadavoca: ‘dibbaṁ kira me, tāta kumāra, cakkaratanaṁ osakkitaṁ, ṭhānā cutaṁ, sutaṁ kho pana metaṁ—yassa rañño cakkavattissa dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ osakkati, ṭhānā cavati, na dāni tena raññā ciraṁ jīvitabbaṁ hotīti. Bhuttā kho pana me mānusakā kāmā, samayo dāni me dibbe kāme pariyesituṁ, ehi tvaṁ, tāta kumāra, imaṁ samuddapariyantaṁ pathaviṁ paṭipajja. Ahaṁ pana kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāmī’ti.

अथ खो, भिक्खवे, राजा चक्कवत्ती जेट्ठपुत्तं कुमारं साधुकं रज्जे समनुसासित्वा केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजि। सत्ताहपब्बजिते खो पन, भिक्खवे, राजिसिम्हि दिब्बं चक्करतनं अन्तरधायि।

Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī jeṭṭhaputtaṁ kumāraṁ sādhukaṁ rajje samanusāsitvā kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbaji. Sattāhapabbajite kho pana, bhikkhave, rājisimhi dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ antaradhāyi.

Seven days later the heavenly wheel-treasure vanished.

अथ खो, भिक्खवे, अञ्ञतरो पुरिसो येन राजा खत्तियो मुद्धाभिसित्तो तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा राजानं खत्तियं मुद्धाभिसित्तं एतदवोच: ‘यग्घे, देव, जानेय्यासि, दिब्बं चक्करतनं अन्तरहितन्ऽति? अथ खो, भिक्खवे, राजा खत्तियो मुद्धाभिसित्तो दिब्बे चक्करतने अन्तरहिते अनत्तमनो अहोसि। अनत्तमनतञ्च पटिसंवेदेसि; नो च खो राजिसिं उपसङ्कमित्वा अरियं चक्कवत्तिवत्तं पुच्छि। सो समतेनेव सुदं जनपदं पसासति। तस्स समतेन जनपदं पसासतो पुब्बेनापरं जनपदा न पब्बन्ति, यथा तं पुब्बकानं राजूनं अरिये चक्कवत्तिवत्ते वत्तमानानं।

Atha kho, bhikkhave, aññataro puriso yena rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā rājānaṁ khattiyaṁ muddhābhisittaṁ etadavoca: ‘yagghe, deva, jāneyyāsi, dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ antarahitan’ti? Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto dibbe cakkaratane antarahite anattamano ahosi. Anattamanatañca paṭisaṁvedesi; no ca kho rājisiṁ upasaṅkamitvā ariyaṁ cakkavattivattaṁ pucchi. So samateneva sudaṁ janapadaṁ pasāsati. Tassa samatena janapadaṁ pasāsato pubbenāparaṁ janapadā na pabbanti, yathā taṁ pubbakānaṁ rājūnaṁ ariye cakkavattivatte vattamānānaṁ.

Then a certain man approached the newly anointed aristocrat king and said, ‘Please sire, you should know that the heavenly wheel-treasure has vanished.’ At that the king was unhappy and experienced unhappiness. But he didn’t go to the royal sage and ask about the noble duty of a wheel-turning monarch. He just governed the country according to his own ideas. So governed, the country’s people did not prosper like before, as they had when former kings proceeded in the noble duty of a wheel-turning monarch.

अथ खो, भिक्खवे, अमच्चा पारिसज्जा गणकमहामत्ता अनीकट्ठा दोवारिका मन्तस्साजीविनो सन्निपतित्वा राजानं खत्तियं मुद्धाभिसित्तं एतदवोचुं: ‘न खो ते, देव, समतेन सुदं जनपदं पसासतो पुब्बेनापरं जनपदा पब्बन्ति, यथा तं पुब्बकानं राजूनं अरिये चक्कवत्तिवत्ते वत्तमानानं। संविज्जन्ति खो ते, देव, विजिते अमच्चा पारिसज्जा गणकमहामत्ता अनीकट्ठा दोवारिका मन्तस्साजीविनो मयञ्चेव अञ्ञे च ये मयं अरियं चक्कवत्तिवत्तं धारेम। इङ्घ त्वं, देव, अम्हे अरियं चक्कवत्तिवत्तं पुच्छ। तस्स ते मयं अरियं चक्कवत्तिवत्तं पुट्ठा ब्याकरिस्सामाऽति।

Atha kho, bhikkhave, amaccā pārisajjā gaṇakamahāmattā anīkaṭṭhā dovārikā mantassājīvino sannipatitvā rājānaṁ khattiyaṁ muddhābhisittaṁ etadavocuṁ: ‘na kho te, deva, samatena sudaṁ janapadaṁ pasāsato pubbenāparaṁ janapadā pabbanti, yathā taṁ pubbakānaṁ rājūnaṁ ariye cakkavattivatte vattamānānaṁ. Saṁvijjanti kho te, deva, vijite amaccā pārisajjā gaṇakamahāmattā anīkaṭṭhā dovārikā mantassājīvino mayañceva aññe ca ye mayaṁ ariyaṁ cakkavattivattaṁ dhārema. Iṅgha tvaṁ, deva, amhe ariyaṁ cakkavattivattaṁ puccha. Tassa te mayaṁ ariyaṁ cakkavattivattaṁ puṭṭhā byākarissāmā’ti.

Then the ministers and counselors, the treasury officials, military officers, guardsmen, and professional advisers gathered and said to the king, ‘Sire, when governed according to your own ideas, the country’s people do not prosper like before, as they did when former kings proceeded in the noble duty of a wheel-turning monarch. In your realm are found ministers and counselors, treasury officials, military officers, guardsmen, and professional advisers—both ourselves and others—who remember the noble duty of a wheel-turning monarch. Please, Your Majesty, ask us about the noble duty of a wheel-turning monarch. We will answer you.’

४। आयुवण्णादिपरिहानिकथा

4. Āyuvaṇṇādiparihānikathā

4. On the Period of Decline

अथ खो, भिक्खवे, राजा खत्तियो मुद्धाभिसित्तो अमच्चे पारिसज्जे गणकमहामत्ते अनीकट्ठे दोवारिके मन्तस्साजीविनो सन्निपातेत्वा अरियं चक्कवत्तिवत्तं पुच्छि। तस्स ते अरियं चक्कवत्तिवत्तं पुट्ठा ब्याकरिंसु। तेसं सुत्वा धम्मिकञ्हि खो रक्खावरणगुत्तिं संविदहि, नो च खो अधनानं धनमनुप्पदासि। अधनानं धने अननुप्पदियमाने दालिद्दियं वेपुल्लमगमासि।

Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto amacce pārisajje gaṇakamahāmatte anīkaṭṭhe dovārike mantassājīvino sannipātetvā ariyaṁ cakkavattivattaṁ pucchi. Tassa te ariyaṁ cakkavattivattaṁ puṭṭhā byākariṁsu. Tesaṁ sutvā dhammikañhi kho rakkhāvaraṇaguttiṁ saṁvidahi, no ca kho adhanānaṁ dhanamanuppadāsi. Adhanānaṁ dhane ananuppadiyamāne dāliddiyaṁ vepullamagamāsi.

So the anointed king asked the assembled ministers and counselors, treasury officials, military officers, guardsmen, and professional advisers about the noble duty of a wheel-turning monarch. And they answered him. After listening to them, he provided just protection and security. But he did not provide money to the penniless in the realm. And so poverty grew widespread.

दालिद्दिये वेपुल्लं गते अञ्ञतरो पुरिसो परेसं अदिन्नं थेय्यसङ्खातं आदियि। तमेनं अग्गहेसुं। गहेत्वा रञ्ञो खत्तियस्स मुद्धाभिसित्तस्स दस्सेसुं: ‘अयं, देव, पुरिसो परेसं अदिन्नं थेय्यसङ्खातं आदियीऽति।

Dāliddiye vepullaṁ gate aññataro puriso paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyi. Tamenaṁ aggahesuṁ. Gahetvā rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa dassesuṁ: ‘ayaṁ, deva, puriso paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyī’ti.

When poverty was widespread, a certain person stole from others, with the intention to commit theft. They arrested him and presented him to the king, saying, ‘Your Majesty, this person stole from others with the intention to commit theft.’

एवं वुत्ते, भिक्खवे, राजा खत्तियो मुद्धाभिसित्तो तं पुरिसं एतदवोच: ‘सच्चं किर त्वं, अम्भो पुरिस, परेसं अदिन्नं थेय्यसङ्खातं आदियीऽति?

Evaṁ vutte, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto taṁ purisaṁ etadavoca: ‘saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, ambho purisa, paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyī’ti?

The king said to that person, ‘Is it really true, mister, that you stole from others with the intention to commit theft?’

‘सच्चं, देवाऽति।

‘Saccaṁ, devā’ti.

‘It’s true, sire.’

‘किं कारणाऽति?

‘Kiṁ kāraṇā’ti?

‘What was the reason?’

‘न हि, देव, जीवामीऽति।

‘Na hi, deva, jīvāmī’ti.

‘Sire, I can’t survive.’

अथ खो, भिक्खवे, राजा खत्तियो मुद्धाभिसित्तो तस्स पुरिसस्स धनमनुप्पदासि: ‘इमिना त्वं, अम्भो पुरिस, धनेन अत्तना च जीवाहि, मातापितरो च पोसेहि, पुत्तदारञ्च पोसेहि, कम्मन्ते च पयोजेहि, समणब्राह्मणेसु उद्धग्गिकं दक्खिणं पतिट्ठापेहि सोवग्गिकं सुखविपाकं सग्गसंवत्तनिकन्ऽति।

Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto tassa purisassa dhanamanuppadāsi: ‘iminā tvaṁ, ambho purisa, dhanena attanā ca jīvāhi, mātāpitaro ca posehi, puttadārañca posehi, kammante ca payojehi, samaṇabrāhmaṇesu uddhaggikaṁ dakkhiṇaṁ patiṭṭhāpehi sovaggikaṁ sukhavipākaṁ saggasaṁvattanikan’ti.

So the king provided some money to that person, saying, ‘With this money, mister, keep yourself alive, and provide for your mother and father, partners and children. Work for a living, and establish an uplifting religious donation for ascetics and brahmins that’s conducive to heaven, ripens in happiness, and leads to heaven.’

‘एवं, देवाऽति खो, भिक्खवे, सो पुरिसो रञ्ञो खत्तियस्स मुद्धाभिसित्तस्स पच्चस्सोसि।

‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, so puriso rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa paccassosi.

‘Yes, Your Majesty,’ replied that man.

अञ्ञतरोपि खो, भिक्खवे, पुरिसो परेसं अदिन्नं थेय्यसङ्खातं आदियि। तमेनं अग्गहेसुं। गहेत्वा रञ्ञो खत्तियस्स मुद्धाभिसित्तस्स दस्सेसुं: ‘अयं, देव, पुरिसो परेसं अदिन्नं थेय्यसङ्खातं आदियीऽति।

Aññataropi kho, bhikkhave, puriso paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyi. Tamenaṁ aggahesuṁ. Gahetvā rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa dassesuṁ: ‘ayaṁ, deva, puriso paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyī’ti.

But then another man stole something from others. They arrested him and presented him to the king, saying, ‘Your Majesty, this person stole from others.’

Evaṁ vutte, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto taṁ purisaṁ etadavoca: ‘saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, ambho purisa, paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyī’ti?

The king said to that person, ‘Is it really true, mister, that you stole from others?’

‘सच्चं, देवाऽति।

‘Saccaṁ, devā’ti.

‘It’s true, sire.’

‘किं कारणाऽति?

‘Kiṁ kāraṇā’ti?

‘What was the reason?’

‘न हि, देव, जीवामीऽति।

‘Na hi, deva, jīvāmī’ti.

‘Sire, I can’t survive.’

‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, so puriso rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa paccassosi.

‘Yes, Your Majesty,’ replied that man.

अस्सोसुं खो, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सा: ‘ये किर, भो, परेसं अदिन्नं थेय्यसङ्खातं आदियन्ति, तेसं राजा धनमनुप्पदेतीऽति। सुत्वान तेसं एतदहोसि: ‘यन्नून मयम्पि परेसं अदिन्नं थेय्यसङ्खातं आदियेय्यामाऽति। अथ खो, भिक्खवे, अञ्ञतरो पुरिसो परेसं अदिन्नं थेय्यसङ्खातं आदियि।

Assosuṁ kho, bhikkhave, manussā: ‘ye kira, bho, paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyanti, tesaṁ rājā dhanamanuppadetī’ti. Sutvāna tesaṁ etadahosi: ‘yannūna mayampi paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyeyyāmā’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, aññataro puriso paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyi.

People heard about this: ‘It seems the king is providing money to anyone who steals from others!’ It occurred to them, ‘Why don’t we steal from others?’ So then another man stole something from others.

तमेनं अग्गहेसुं। गहेत्वा रञ्ञो खत्तियस्स मुद्धाभिसित्तस्स दस्सेसुं: ‘अयं, देव, पुरिसो परेसं अदिन्नं थेय्यसङ्खातं आदियीऽति।

Tamenaṁ aggahesuṁ. Gahetvā rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa dassesuṁ: ‘ayaṁ, deva, puriso paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyī’ti.

They arrested him and presented him to the king, saying, ‘Your Majesty, this person stole from others.’

Evaṁ vutte, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto taṁ purisaṁ etadavoca: ‘saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, ambho purisa, paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyī’ti?

The king said to that person, ‘Is it really true, mister, that you stole from others?’

‘सच्चं, देवाऽति।

‘Saccaṁ, devā’ti.

‘It’s true, sire.’

‘किं कारणाऽति?

‘Kiṁ kāraṇā’ti?

‘What was the reason?’

‘न हि, देव, जीवामीऽति।

‘Na hi, deva, jīvāmī’ti.

‘Sire, I can’t survive.’

अथ खो, भिक्खवे, रञ्ञो खत्तियस्स मुद्धाभिसित्तस्स एतदहोसि: ‘सचे खो अहं यो यो परेसं अदिन्नं थेय्यसङ्खातं आदियिस्सति, तस्स तस्स धनमनुप्पदस्सामि, एवमिदं अदिन्नादानं पवड्ढिस्सति। यन्नूनाहं इमं पुरिसं सुनिसेधं निसेधेय्यं, मूलघच्चं करेय्यं, सीसमस्स छिन्देय्यन्ऽति।

Atha kho, bhikkhave, rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa etadahosi: ‘sace kho ahaṁ yo yo paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyissati, tassa tassa dhanamanuppadassāmi, evamidaṁ adinnādānaṁ pavaḍḍhissati. Yannūnāhaṁ imaṁ purisaṁ sunisedhaṁ nisedheyyaṁ, mūlaghaccaṁ¹¹ kareyyaṁ, sīsamassa chindeyyan’ti.

Then the king thought, ‘If I provide money to anyone who steals from others, it will only increase the stealing. I’d better make an end of this person, finish him off, and chop off his head.’

अथ खो, भिक्खवे, राजा खत्तियो मुद्धाभिसित्तो पुरिसे आणापेसि: ‘तेन हि, भणे, इमं पुरिसं दळ्हाय रज्जुया पच्छाबाहं गाळ्हबन्धनं बन्धित्वा खुरमुण्डं करित्वा खरस्सरेन पणवेन रथिकाय रथिकं सिङ्घाटकेन सिङ्घाटकं परिनेत्वा दक्खिणेन द्वारेन निक्खमित्वा दक्खिणतो नगरस्स सुनिसेधं निसेधेथ, मूलघच्चं करोथ, सीसमस्स छिन्दथाऽति।

Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto purise āṇāpesi: ‘tena hi, bhaṇe, imaṁ purisaṁ daḷhāya rajjuyā pacchābāhaṁ¹² gāḷhabandhanaṁ bandhitvā khuramuṇḍaṁ karitvā kharassarena paṇavena rathikāya rathikaṁ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṁ parinetvā dakkhiṇena dvārena nikkhamitvā dakkhiṇato nagarassa sunisedhaṁ nisedhetha, mūlaghaccaṁ karotha, sīsamassa chindathā’ti.

Then he ordered his men, ‘Well then, my men, tie this man’s arms tightly behind his back with a strong rope. Shave his head and march him from street to street and square to square to the beating of a harsh drum. Then take him out the south gate and make an end of him, finish him off, and chop off his head.’

‘एवं, देवाऽति खो, भिक्खवे, ते पुरिसा रञ्ञो खत्तियस्स मुद्धाभिसित्तस्स पटिस्सुत्वा तं पुरिसं दळ्हाय रज्जुया पच्छाबाहं गाळ्हबन्धनं बन्धित्वा खुरमुण्डं करित्वा खरस्सरेन पणवेन रथिकाय रथिकं सिङ्घाटकेन सिङ्घाटकं परिनेत्वा दक्खिणेन द्वारेन निक्खमित्वा दक्खिणतो नगरस्स सुनिसेधं निसेधेसुं, मूलघच्चं अकंसु, सीसमस्स छिन्दिंसु।

‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, te purisā rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa paṭissutvā taṁ purisaṁ daḷhāya rajjuyā pacchābāhaṁ gāḷhabandhanaṁ bandhitvā khuramuṇḍaṁ karitvā kharassarena paṇavena rathikāya rathikaṁ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṁ parinetvā dakkhiṇena dvārena nikkhamitvā dakkhiṇato nagarassa sunisedhaṁ nisedhesuṁ, mūlaghaccaṁ akaṁsu, sīsamassa chindiṁsu.

‘Yes, Your Majesty,’ they replied, and did as he commanded.

अस्सोसुं खो, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सा: ‘ये किर, भो, परेसं अदिन्नं थेय्यसङ्खातं आदियन्ति, ते राजा सुनिसेधं निसेधेति, मूलघच्चं करोति, सीसानि तेसं छिन्दतीऽति। सुत्वान तेसं एतदहोसि: ‘यन्नून मयम्पि तिण्हानि सत्थानि कारापेस्साम, तिण्हानि सत्थानि कारापेत्वा येसं अदिन्नं थेय्यसङ्खातं आदियिस्साम, ते सुनिसेधं निसेधेस्साम, मूलघच्चं करिस्साम, सीसानि तेसं छिन्दिस्सामाऽति। ते तिण्हानि सत्थानि कारापेसुं, तिण्हानि सत्थानि कारापेत्वा गामघातम्पि उपक्कमिंसु कातुं, निगमघातम्पि उपक्कमिंसु कातुं, नगरघातम्पि उपक्कमिंसु कातुं, पन्थदुहनम्पि उपक्कमिंसु कातुं। येसं ते अदिन्नं थेय्यसङ्खातं आदियन्ति, ते सुनिसेधं निसेधेन्ति, मूलघच्चं करोन्ति, सीसानि तेसं छिन्दन्ति।

Assosuṁ kho, bhikkhave, manussā: ‘ye kira, bho, paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyanti, te rājā sunisedhaṁ nisedheti, mūlaghaccaṁ karoti, sīsāni tesaṁ chindatī’ti. Sutvāna tesaṁ etadahosi: ‘yannūna mayampi tiṇhāni satthāni kārāpessāma, tiṇhāni satthāni kārāpetvā yesaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyissāma, te sunisedhaṁ nisedhessāma, mūlaghaccaṁ karissāma, sīsāni tesaṁ chindissāmā’ti. Te tiṇhāni satthāni kārāpesuṁ, tiṇhāni satthāni kārāpetvā gāmaghātampi upakkamiṁsu kātuṁ, nigamaghātampi upakkamiṁsu kātuṁ, nagaraghātampi upakkamiṁsu kātuṁ, panthaduhanampi upakkamiṁsu kātuṁ. Yesaṁ te adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyanti, te sunisedhaṁ nisedhenti, mūlaghaccaṁ karonti, sīsāni tesaṁ chindanti.

People heard about this: ‘It seems the king is chopping the head off anyone who steals from others!’ It occurred to them, ‘We’d better have sharp swords made. Then when we steal from others, we’ll make an end of them, finish them off, and chop off their heads.’ They had sharp swords made. Then they started to make raids on villages, towns, and cities, and to infest the highways. And they chopped the heads off anyone they stole from.

इति खो, भिक्खवे, अधनानं धने अननुप्पदियमाने दालिद्दियं वेपुल्लमगमासि, दालिद्दिये वेपुल्लं गते अदिन्नादानं वेपुल्लमगमासि, अदिन्नादाने वेपुल्लं गते सत्थं वेपुल्लमगमासि, सत्थे वेपुल्लं गते पाणातिपातो वेपुल्लमगमासि, पाणातिपाते वेपुल्लं गते तेसं सत्तानं आयुपि परिहायि, वण्णोपि परिहायि। तेसं आयुनापि परिहायमानानं वण्णेनपि परिहायमानानं असीतिवस्ससहस्सायुकानं मनुस्सानं चत्तारीसवस्ससहस्सायुका पुत्ता अहेसुं।

Iti kho, bhikkhave, adhanānaṁ dhane ananuppadiyamāne dāliddiyaṁ vepullamagamāsi, dāliddiye vepullaṁ gate adinnādānaṁ vepullamagamāsi, adinnādāne vepullaṁ gate satthaṁ vepullamagamāsi, satthe vepullaṁ gate pāṇātipāto vepullamagamāsi, pāṇātipāte vepullaṁ gate tesaṁ sattānaṁ āyupi parihāyi, vaṇṇopi parihāyi. Tesaṁ āyunāpi parihāyamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi parihāyamānānaṁ asītivassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ cattārīsavassasahassāyukā puttā ahesuṁ.

And so, bhikkhus, from not providing money to the penniless, poverty became widespread. When poverty was widespread, theft became widespread. When theft was widespread, swords became widespread. When swords were widespread, killing living creatures became widespread. And for the sentient beings among whom killing was widespread, their lifespan and beauty declined. Those people lived for 80,000 years, but their children lived for 40,000 years.

चत्तारीसवस्ससहस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु अञ्ञतरो पुरिसो परेसं अदिन्नं थेय्यसङ्खातं आदियि। तमेनं अग्गहेसुं। गहेत्वा रञ्ञो खत्तियस्स मुद्धाभिसित्तस्स दस्सेसुं: ‘अयं, देव, पुरिसो परेसं अदिन्नं थेय्यसङ्खातं आदियीऽति।

Cattārīsavassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu aññataro puriso paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyi. Tamenaṁ aggahesuṁ. Gahetvā rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa dassesuṁ: ‘ayaṁ, deva, puriso paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyī’ti.

Among the people who lived for 40,000 years, a certain person stole something from others. They arrested him and presented him to the king, saying, ‘Your Majesty, this person stole from others.’

Evaṁ vutte, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto taṁ purisaṁ etadavoca: ‘saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, ambho purisa, paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyī’ti?

The king said to that person, ‘Is it really true, mister, that you stole from others?’

‘न हि, देवाऽति सम्पजानमुसा अभासि।

‘Na hi, devā’ti sampajānamusā abhāsi.

‘No, sire,’ he said, deliberately lying.

इति खो, भिक्खवे, अधनानं धने अननुप्पदियमाने दालिद्दियं वेपुल्लमगमासि। दालिद्दिये वेपुल्लं गते अदिन्नादानं वेपुल्लमगमासि, अदिन्नादाने वेपुल्लं गते सत्थं वेपुल्लमगमासि। सत्थे वेपुल्लं गते पाणातिपातो वेपुल्लमगमासि, पाणातिपाते वेपुल्लं गते मुसावादो वेपुल्लमगमासि, मुसावादे वेपुल्लं गते तेसं सत्तानं आयुपि परिहायि, वण्णोपि परिहायि। तेसं आयुनापि परिहायमानानं वण्णेनपि परिहायमानानं चत्तारीसवस्ससहस्सायुकानं मनुस्सानं वीसतिवस्ससहस्सायुका पुत्ता अहेसुं।

Iti kho, bhikkhave, adhanānaṁ dhane ananuppadiyamāne dāliddiyaṁ vepullamagamāsi. Dāliddiye vepullaṁ gate adinnādānaṁ vepullamagamāsi, adinnādāne vepullaṁ gate satthaṁ vepullamagamāsi. Satthe vepullaṁ gate pāṇātipāto vepullamagamāsi, pāṇātipāte vepullaṁ gate musāvādo vepullamagamāsi, musāvāde vepullaṁ gate tesaṁ sattānaṁ āyupi parihāyi, vaṇṇopi parihāyi. Tesaṁ āyunāpi parihāyamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi parihāyamānānaṁ cattārīsavassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ vīsativassasahassāyukā puttā ahesuṁ.

And so, bhikkhus, from not providing money to the penniless, poverty, theft, swords, and killing became widespread. When killing was widespread, lying became widespread. And for the sentient beings among whom lying was widespread, their lifespan and beauty declined. Those people who lived for 40,000 years had children who lived for 20,000 years.

वीसतिवस्ससहस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु अञ्ञतरो पुरिसो परेसं अदिन्नं थेय्यसङ्खातं आदियि। तमेनं अञ्ञतरो पुरिसो रञ्ञो खत्तियस्स मुद्धाभिसित्तस्स आरोचेसि: ‘इत्थन्नामो, देव, पुरिसो परेसं अदिन्नं थेय्यसङ्खातं आदियीऽति पेसुञ्ञमकासि।

Vīsativassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu aññataro puriso paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyi. Tamenaṁ aññataro puriso rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa ārocesi: ‘itthannāmo, deva, puriso paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyī’ti pesuññamakāsi.

Among the people who lived for 20,000 years, a certain person stole something from others. Someone else reported this to the king, ‘Your Majesty, such-and-such person stole from others,’ he said, going behind his back.

इति खो, भिक्खवे, अधनानं धने अननुप्पदियमाने दालिद्दियं वेपुल्लमगमासि। दालिद्दिये वेपुल्लं गते अदिन्नादानं वेपुल्लमगमासि, अदिन्नादाने वेपुल्लं गते सत्थं वेपुल्लमगमासि, सत्थे वेपुल्लं गते पाणातिपातो वेपुल्लमगमासि, पाणातिपाते वेपुल्लं गते मुसावादो वेपुल्लमगमासि, मुसावादे वेपुल्लं गते पिसुणा वाचा वेपुल्लमगमासि, पिसुणाय वाचाय वेपुल्लं गताय तेसं सत्तानं आयुपि परिहायि, वण्णोपि परिहायि। तेसं आयुनापि परिहायमानानं वण्णेनपि परिहायमानानं वीसतिवस्ससहस्सायुकानं मनुस्सानं दसवस्ससहस्सायुका पुत्ता अहेसुं।

Iti kho, bhikkhave, adhanānaṁ dhane ananuppadiyamāne dāliddiyaṁ vepullamagamāsi. Dāliddiye vepullaṁ gate adinnādānaṁ vepullamagamāsi, adinnādāne vepullaṁ gate satthaṁ vepullamagamāsi, satthe vepullaṁ gate pāṇātipāto vepullamagamāsi, pāṇātipāte vepullaṁ gate musāvādo vepullamagamāsi, musāvāde vepullaṁ gate pisuṇā vācā vepullamagamāsi, pisuṇāya vācāya vepullaṁ gatāya tesaṁ sattānaṁ āyupi parihāyi, vaṇṇopi parihāyi. Tesaṁ āyunāpi parihāyamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi parihāyamānānaṁ vīsativassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ dasavassasahassāyukā puttā ahesuṁ.

And so, bhikkhus, from not providing money to the penniless, poverty, theft, swords, killing, and lying became widespread. When lying was widespread, backbiting became widespread. And for the sentient beings among whom backbiting was widespread, their lifespan and beauty declined. Those people who lived for 20,000 years had children who lived for 10,000 years.

दसवस्ससहस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु एकिदं सत्ता वण्णवन्तो होन्ति, एकिदं सत्ता दुब्बण्णा। तत्थ ये ते सत्ता दुब्बण्णा, ते वण्णवन्ते सत्ते अभिज्झायन्ता परेसं दारेसु चारित्तं आपज्जिंसु।

Dasavassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu ekidaṁ sattā vaṇṇavanto honti, ekidaṁ sattā dubbaṇṇā. Tattha ye te sattā dubbaṇṇā, te vaṇṇavante satte abhijjhāyantā paresaṁ dāresu cārittaṁ āpajjiṁsu.

Among the people who lived for 10,000 years, some were beautiful, some were ugly. And the ugly beings, coveting the beautiful ones, committed adultery with the wives of others.

इति खो, भिक्खवे, अधनानं धने अननुप्पदियमाने दालिद्दियं वेपुल्लमगमासि। दालिद्दिये वेपुल्लं गते …पे… कामेसुमिच्छाचारो वेपुल्लमगमासि, कामेसुमिच्छाचारे वेपुल्लं गते तेसं सत्तानं आयुपि परिहायि, वण्णोपि परिहायि। तेसं आयुनापि परिहायमानानं वण्णेनपि परिहायमानानं दसवस्ससहस्सायुकानं मनुस्सानं पञ्चवस्ससहस्सायुका पुत्ता अहेसुं।

Iti kho, bhikkhave, adhanānaṁ dhane ananuppadiyamāne dāliddiyaṁ vepullamagamāsi. Dāliddiye vepullaṁ gate …pe… kāmesumicchācāro vepullamagamāsi, kāmesumicchācāre vepullaṁ gate tesaṁ sattānaṁ āyupi parihāyi, vaṇṇopi parihāyi. Tesaṁ āyunāpi parihāyamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi parihāyamānānaṁ dasavassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ pañcavassasahassāyukā puttā ahesuṁ.

And so, bhikkhus, from not providing money to the penniless, poverty, theft, swords, killing, lying, and backbiting became widespread. When backbiting was widespread, sexual misconduct became widespread. And for the sentient beings among whom sexual misconduct was widespread, their lifespan and beauty declined. Those people who lived for 10,000 years had children who lived for 5,000 years.

पञ्चवस्ससहस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु द्वे धम्मा वेपुल्लमगमंसु—फरुसावाचा सम्फप्पलापो च। द्वीसु धम्मेसु वेपुल्लं गतेसु तेसं सत्तानं आयुपि परिहायि, वण्णोपि परिहायि। तेसं आयुनापि परिहायमानानं वण्णेनपि परिहायमानानं पञ्चवस्ससहस्सायुकानं मनुस्सानं अप्पेकच्चे अड्ढतेय्यवस्ससहस्सायुका, अप्पेकच्चे द्वेवस्ससहस्सायुका पुत्ता अहेसुं।

Pañcavassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu dve dhammā vepullamagamaṁsu—pharusāvācā samphappalāpo ca. Dvīsu dhammesu vepullaṁ gatesu tesaṁ sattānaṁ āyupi parihāyi, vaṇṇopi parihāyi. Tesaṁ āyunāpi parihāyamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi parihāyamānānaṁ pañcavassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ appekacce aḍḍhateyyavassasahassāyukā, appekacce dvevassasahassāyukā puttā ahesuṁ.

Among the people who lived for 5,000 years, two things became widespread: harsh speech and talking nonsense. For the sentient beings among whom these two things were widespread, their lifespan and beauty declined. Those people who lived for 5,000 years had some children who lived for 2,500 years, while others lived for 2,000 years.

अड्ढतेय्यवस्ससहस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु अभिज्झाब्यापादा वेपुल्लमगमंसु। अभिज्झाब्यापादेसु वेपुल्लं गतेसु तेसं सत्तानं आयुपि परिहायि, वण्णोपि परिहायि। तेसं आयुनापि परिहायमानानं वण्णेनपि परिहायमानानं अड्ढतेय्यवस्ससहस्सायुकानं मनुस्सानं वस्ससहस्सायुका पुत्ता अहेसुं।

Aḍḍhateyyavassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu abhijjhābyāpādā vepullamagamaṁsu. Abhijjhābyāpādesu vepullaṁ gatesu tesaṁ sattānaṁ āyupi parihāyi, vaṇṇopi parihāyi. Tesaṁ āyunāpi parihāyamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi parihāyamānānaṁ aḍḍhateyyavassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ vassasahassāyukā puttā ahesuṁ.

Among the people who lived for 2,500 years, desire and ill will became widespread. For the sentient beings among whom desire and ill will were widespread, their lifespan and beauty declined. Those people who lived for 2,500 years had children who lived for 1,000 years.

वस्ससहस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु मिच्छादिट्ठि वेपुल्लमगमासि। मिच्छादिट्ठिया वेपुल्लं गताय तेसं सत्तानं आयुपि परिहायि, वण्णोपि परिहायि। तेसं आयुनापि परिहायमानानं वण्णेनपि परिहायमानानं वस्ससहस्सायुकानं मनुस्सानं पञ्चवस्ससतायुका पुत्ता अहेसुं।

Vassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu micchādiṭṭhi vepullamagamāsi. Micchādiṭṭhiyā vepullaṁ gatāya tesaṁ sattānaṁ āyupi parihāyi, vaṇṇopi parihāyi. Tesaṁ āyunāpi parihāyamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi parihāyamānānaṁ vassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ pañcavassasatāyukā puttā ahesuṁ.

Among the people who lived for 1,000 years, wrong view became widespread. For the sentient beings among whom wrong view was widespread, their lifespan and beauty declined. Those people who lived for 1,000 years had children who lived for five hundred years.

पञ्चवस्ससतायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु तयो धम्मा वेपुल्लमगमंसु—अधम्मरागो विसमलोभो मिच्छाधम्मो। तीसु धम्मेसु वेपुल्लं गतेसु तेसं सत्तानं आयुपि परिहायि, वण्णोपि परिहायि। तेसं आयुनापि परिहायमानानं वण्णेनपि परिहायमानानं पञ्चवस्ससतायुकानं मनुस्सानं अप्पेकच्चे अड्ढतेय्यवस्ससतायुका, अप्पेकच्चे द्वेवस्ससतायुका पुत्ता अहेसुं।

Pañcavassasatāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu tayo dhammā vepullamagamaṁsu—adhammarāgo visamalobho micchādhammo. Tīsu dhammesu vepullaṁ gatesu tesaṁ sattānaṁ āyupi parihāyi, vaṇṇopi parihāyi. Tesaṁ āyunāpi parihāyamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi parihāyamānānaṁ pañcavassasatāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ appekacce aḍḍhateyyavassasatāyukā, appekacce dvevassasatāyukā puttā ahesuṁ.

Among the people who lived for five hundred years, three things became widespread: illicit desire, immoral greed, and wrong custom. For the sentient beings among whom these three things were widespread, their lifespan and beauty declined. Those people who lived for five hundred years had some children who lived for two hundred and fifty years, while others lived for two hundred years.

अड्ढतेय्यवस्ससतायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु इमे धम्मा वेपुल्लमगमंसु। अमत्तेय्यता अपेत्तेय्यता असामञ्ञता अब्रह्मञ्ञता न कुले जेट्ठापचायिता।

Aḍḍhateyyavassasatāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu ime dhammā vepullamagamaṁsu. Amatteyyatā apetteyyatā asāmaññatā abrahmaññatā na kule jeṭṭhāpacāyitā.

Among the people who lived for two hundred and fifty years, these things became widespread: lack of due respect for mother and father, ascetics and brahmins, and failure to honor the elders in the family.

इति खो, भिक्खवे, अधनानं धने अननुप्पदियमाने दालिद्दियं वेपुल्लमगमासि। दालिद्दिये वेपुल्लं गते अदिन्नादानं वेपुल्लमगमासि। अदिन्नादाने वेपुल्लं गते सत्थं वेपुल्लमगमासि। सत्थे वेपुल्लं गते पाणातिपातो वेपुल्लमगमासि। पाणातिपाते वेपुल्लं गते मुसावादो वेपुल्लमगमासि। मुसावादे वेपुल्लं गते पिसुणा वाचा वेपुल्लमगमासि। पिसुणाय वाचाय वेपुल्लं गताय कामेसुमिच्छाचारो वेपुल्लमगमासि। कामेसुमिच्छाचारे वेपुल्लं गते द्वे धम्मा वेपुल्लमगमंसु, फरुसा वाचा सम्फप्पलापो च। द्वीसु धम्मेसु वेपुल्लं गतेसु अभिज्झाब्यापादा वेपुल्लमगमंसु। अभिज्झाब्यापादेसु वेपुल्लं गतेसु मिच्छादिट्ठि वेपुल्लमगमासि। मिच्छादिट्ठिया वेपुल्लं गताय तयो धम्मा वेपुल्लमगमंसु, अधम्मरागो विसमलोभो मिच्छाधम्मो। तीसु धम्मेसु वेपुल्लं गतेसु इमे धम्मा वेपुल्लमगमंसु, अमत्तेय्यता अपेत्तेय्यता असामञ्ञता अब्रह्मञ्ञता न कुले जेट्ठापचायिता। इमेसु धम्मेसु वेपुल्लं गतेसु तेसं सत्तानं आयुपि परिहायि, वण्णोपि परिहायि। तेसं आयुनापि परिहायमानानं वण्णेनपि परिहायमानानं अड्ढतेय्यवस्ससतायुकानं मनुस्सानं वस्ससतायुका पुत्ता अहेसुं।

Iti kho, bhikkhave, adhanānaṁ dhane ananuppadiyamāne dāliddiyaṁ vepullamagamāsi. Dāliddiye vepullaṁ gate adinnādānaṁ vepullamagamāsi. Adinnādāne vepullaṁ gate satthaṁ vepullamagamāsi. Satthe vepullaṁ gate pāṇātipāto vepullamagamāsi. Pāṇātipāte vepullaṁ gate musāvādo vepullamagamāsi. Musāvāde vepullaṁ gate pisuṇā vācā vepullamagamāsi. Pisuṇāya vācāya vepullaṁ gatāya kāmesumicchācāro vepullamagamāsi. Kāmesumicchācāre vepullaṁ gate dve dhammā vepullamagamaṁsu, pharusā vācā samphappalāpo ca. Dvīsu dhammesu vepullaṁ gatesu abhijjhābyāpādā vepullamagamaṁsu. Abhijjhābyāpādesu vepullaṁ gatesu micchādiṭṭhi vepullamagamāsi. Micchādiṭṭhiyā vepullaṁ gatāya tayo dhammā vepullamagamaṁsu, adhammarāgo visamalobho micchādhammo. Tīsu dhammesu vepullaṁ gatesu ime dhammā vepullamagamaṁsu, amatteyyatā apetteyyatā asāmaññatā abrahmaññatā na kule jeṭṭhāpacāyitā. Imesu dhammesu vepullaṁ gatesu tesaṁ sattānaṁ āyupi parihāyi, vaṇṇopi parihāyi. Tesaṁ āyunāpi parihāyamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi parihāyamānānaṁ aḍḍhateyyavassasatāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ vassasatāyukā puttā ahesuṁ.

And so, bhikkhus, from not providing money to the penniless, all these things became widespread—poverty, theft, swords, killing, lying, backbiting, sexual misconduct, harsh speech and talking nonsense, desire and ill will, wrong view, illicit desire, immoral greed, and wrong custom, and lack of due respect for mother and father, ascetics and brahmins, and failure to honor the elders in the family. For the sentient beings among whom these things were widespread, their lifespan and beauty declined. Those people who lived for two hundred and fifty years had children who lived for a hundred years.

५। दसवस्सायुकसमय

5. Dasavassāyukasamaya

5. When People Live for Ten Years

भविस्सति, भिक्खवे, सो समयो, यं इमेसं मनुस्सानं दसवस्सायुका पुत्ता भविस्सन्ति। दसवस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु पञ्चवस्सिका कुमारिका अलंपतेय्या भविस्सन्ति। दसवस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु इमानि रसानि अन्तरधायिस्सन्ति, सेय्यथिदं—सप्पि नवनीतं तेलं मधु फाणितं लोणं। दसवस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु कुद्रूसको अग्गं भोजनानं भविस्सति। सेय्यथापि, भिक्खवे, एतरहि सालिमंसोदनो अग्गं भोजनानं; एवमेव खो, भिक्खवे, दसवस्सायुकेसु मनुस्सेसु कुद्रूसको अग्गं भोजनानं भविस्सति।

Bhavissati, bhikkhave, so samayo, yaṁ imesaṁ manussānaṁ dasavassāyukā puttā bhavissanti. Dasavassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu pañcavassikā¹³ kumārikā alaṁpateyyā bhavissanti. Dasavassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu imāni rasāni antaradhāyissanti, seyyathidaṁ—sappi navanītaṁ telaṁ madhu phāṇitaṁ loṇaṁ. Dasavassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu kudrūsako aggaṁ bhojanānaṁ¹⁴ bhavissati. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, etarahi sālimaṁsodano aggaṁ bhojanānaṁ; evameva kho, bhikkhave, dasavassāyukesu manussesu kudrūsako aggaṁ bhojanānaṁ bhavissati.

There will come a time, bhikkhus, when these people will have children who live for ten years. Among the people who live for ten years, girls will be marriageable at five. The following flavors will disappear: ghee, butter, oil, honey, molasses, and salt. The best kind of food will be finger millet, just as fine rice with meat is the best kind of food today.

दसवस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु दस कुसलकम्मपथा सब्बेन सब्बं अन्तरधायिस्सन्ति, दस अकुसलकम्मपथा अतिब्यादिप्पिस्सन्ति। दसवस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु कुसलन्तिपि न भविस्सति, कुतो पन कुसलस्स कारको। दसवस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु ये ते भविस्सन्ति अमत्तेय्या अपेत्तेय्या असामञ्ञा अब्रह्मञ्ञा न कुले जेट्ठापचायिनो, ते पुज्जा च भविस्सन्ति पासंसा च। सेय्यथापि, भिक्खवे, एतरहि मत्तेय्या पेत्तेय्या सामञ्ञा ब्रह्मञ्ञा कुले जेट्ठापचायिनो पुज्जा च पासंसा च; एवमेव खो, भिक्खवे, दसवस्सायुकेसु मनुस्सेसु ये ते भविस्सन्ति अमत्तेय्या अपेत्तेय्या असामञ्ञा अब्रह्मञ्ञा न कुले जेट्ठापचायिनो, ते पुज्जा च भविस्सन्ति पासंसा च।

Dasavassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu dasa kusalakammapathā sabbena sabbaṁ antaradhāyissanti, dasa akusalakammapathā atibyādippissanti. Dasavassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu kusalantipi na bhavissati, kuto pana kusalassa kārako. Dasavassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu ye te bhavissanti amatteyyā apetteyyā asāmaññā abrahmaññā na kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino, te pujjā ca bhavissanti pāsaṁsā ca. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, etarahi matteyyā petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino pujjā ca pāsaṁsā ca; evameva kho, bhikkhave, dasavassāyukesu manussesu ye te bhavissanti amatteyyā apetteyyā asāmaññā abrahmaññā na kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino, te pujjā ca bhavissanti pāsaṁsā ca.

The ten ways of doing skillful deeds will totally disappear, and the ten ways of doing unskillful deeds will explode in popularity. Those people will not even have the word ‘skillful’, still less anyone who does what is skillful. And anyone who disrespects mother and father, ascetics and brahmins, and fails to honor the elders in the family will be venerated and praised, just as the opposite is venerated and praised today.

दसवस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु न भविस्सति माताति वा मातुच्छाति वा मातुलानीति वा आचरियभरियाति वा गरूनं दाराति वा। सम्भेदं लोको गमिस्सति यथा अजेळका कुक्कुटसूकरा सोणसिङ्गाला।

Dasavassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu na bhavissati mātāti vā mātucchāti vā mātulānīti vā ācariyabhariyāti vā garūnaṁ dārāti vā. Sambhedaṁ loko gamissati yathā ajeḷakā kukkuṭasūkarā soṇasiṅgālā.

There’ll be no recognition of the status of mother, aunts, or wives and partners of teachers and respected people. The world will become dissolute, like goats and sheep, chickens and pigs, and dogs and jackals.

दसवस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु तेसं सत्तानं अञ्ञमञ्ञम्हि तिब्बो आघातो पच्चुपट्ठितो भविस्सति तिब्बो ब्यापादो तिब्बो मनोपदोसो तिब्बं वधकचित्तं। मातुपि पुत्तम्हि पुत्तस्सपि मातरि; पितुपि पुत्तम्हि पुत्तस्सपि पितरि; भातुपि भगिनिया भगिनियापि भातरि तिब्बो आघातो पच्चुपट्ठितो भविस्सति तिब्बो ब्यापादो तिब्बो मनोपदोसो तिब्बं वधकचित्तं। सेय्यथापि, भिक्खवे, मागविकस्स मिगं दिस्वा तिब्बो आघातो पच्चुपट्ठितो होति तिब्बो ब्यापादो तिब्बो मनोपदोसो तिब्बं वधकचित्तं; एवमेव खो, भिक्खवे, दसवस्सायुकेसु मनुस्सेसु तेसं सत्तानं अञ्ञमञ्ञम्हि तिब्बो आघातो पच्चुपट्ठितो भविस्सति तिब्बो ब्यापादो तिब्बो मनोपदोसो तिब्बं वधकचित्तं। मातुपि पुत्तम्हि पुत्तस्सपि मातरि; पितुपि पुत्तम्हि पुत्तस्सपि पितरि; भातुपि भगिनिया भगिनियापि भातरि तिब्बो आघातो पच्चुपट्ठितो भविस्सति तिब्बो ब्यापादो तिब्बो मनोपदोसो तिब्बं वधकचित्तं।

Dasavassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu tesaṁ sattānaṁ aññamaññamhi tibbo āghāto paccupaṭṭhito bhavissati tibbo byāpādo tibbo manopadoso tibbaṁ vadhakacittaṁ. Mātupi puttamhi puttassapi mātari; pitupi puttamhi puttassapi pitari; bhātupi bhaginiyā bhaginiyāpi bhātari tibbo āghāto paccupaṭṭhito bhavissati tibbo byāpādo tibbo manopadoso tibbaṁ vadhakacittaṁ. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, māgavikassa migaṁ disvā tibbo āghāto paccupaṭṭhito hoti tibbo byāpādo tibbo manopadoso tibbaṁ vadhakacittaṁ; evameva kho, bhikkhave, dasavassāyukesu manussesu tesaṁ sattānaṁ aññamaññamhi tibbo āghāto paccupaṭṭhito bhavissati tibbo byāpādo tibbo manopadoso tibbaṁ vadhakacittaṁ. Mātupi puttamhi puttassapi mātari; pitupi puttamhi puttassapi pitari; bhātupi bhaginiyā bhaginiyāpi bhātari tibbo āghāto paccupaṭṭhito bhavissati tibbo byāpādo tibbo manopadoso tibbaṁ vadhakacittaṁ.

They’ll be full of hostility towards each other, with acute ill will, malevolence, and thoughts of murder. Even a mother will feel like this for her child, and the child for its mother, father for child, child for father, brother for sister, and sister for brother. They’ll be just like a deer hunter when he sees a deer—full of hostility, ill will, malevolence, and thoughts of killing.

दसवस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु सत्ताहं सत्थन्तरकप्पो भविस्सति। ते अञ्ञमञ्ञम्हि मिगसञ्ञं पटिलभिस्सन्ति। तेसं तिण्हानि सत्थानि हत्थेसु पातुभविस्सन्ति। ते तिण्हेन सत्थेन ‘एस मिगो एस मिगोऽति अञ्ञमञ्ञं जीविता वोरोपेस्सन्ति।

Dasavassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu sattāhaṁ satthantarakappo bhavissati. Te aññamaññamhi migasaññaṁ paṭilabhissanti. Tesaṁ tiṇhāni satthāni hatthesu pātubhavissanti. Te tiṇhena satthena ‘esa migo esa migo’ti aññamaññaṁ jīvitā voropessanti.

Among the people who live for ten years, there will be an interregnum of swords lasting seven days. During that time they will see each other as beasts. Sharp swords will appear in their hands, with which they’ll take each other’s life, crying, ‘It’s a beast! It’s a beast!’

अथ खो तेसं, भिक्खवे, सत्तानं एकच्चानं एवं भविस्सति: ‘मा च मयं कञ्चि, मा च अम्हे कोचि, यन्नून मयं तिणगहनं वा वनगहनं वा रुक्खगहनं वा नदीविदुग्गं वा पब्बतविसमं वा पविसित्वा वनमूलफलाहारा यापेय्यामाऽति। ते तिणगहनं वा वनगहनं वा रुक्खगहनं वा नदीविदुग्गं वा पब्बतविसमं वा पविसित्वा सत्ताहं वनमूलफलाहारा यापेस्सन्ति।

Atha kho tesaṁ, bhikkhave, sattānaṁ ekaccānaṁ evaṁ bhavissati: ‘mā ca mayaṁ kañci, mā ca amhe koci, yannūna mayaṁ tiṇagahanaṁ¹⁵ vā vanagahanaṁ vā rukkhagahanaṁ vā nadīviduggaṁ vā pabbatavisamaṁ vā pavisitvā vanamūlaphalāhārā yāpeyyāmā’ti. Te tiṇagahanaṁ vā vanagahanaṁ vā rukkhagahanaṁ vā nadīviduggaṁ vā pabbatavisamaṁ vā pavisitvā sattāhaṁ vanamūlaphalāhārā yāpessanti.

But then some of those beings will think, ‘Let us neither kill nor be killed! Why don’t we hide in thick grass, thick jungle, thick trees, inaccessible riverlands, or rugged mountains and survive on forest roots and fruits?’ So that’s what they do.

ते तस्स सत्ताहस्स अच्चयेन तिणगहना वनगहना रुक्खगहना नदीविदुग्गा पब्बतविसमा निक्खमित्वा अञ्ञमञ्ञं आलिङ्गित्वा सभागायिस्सन्ति समस्सासिस्सन्ति: ‘दिट्ठा, भो, सत्ता जीवसि, दिट्ठा, भो, सत्ता जीवसीऽति।

Te tassa sattāhassa accayena tiṇagahanā vanagahanā rukkhagahanā nadīviduggā pabbatavisamā nikkhamitvā aññamaññaṁ āliṅgitvā sabhāgāyissanti samassāsissanti: ‘diṭṭhā, bho, sattā jīvasi, diṭṭhā, bho, sattā jīvasī’ti.

When those seven days have passed, having emerged from their hiding places and embraced each other, they will come together and cry in one voice, ‘Fantastic, dear foe, you live! Fantastic, dear foe, you live!’

६। आयुवण्णादिवड्ढनकथा

6. Āyuvaṇṇādivaḍḍhanakathā

6. The Period of Growth

अथ खो तेसं, भिक्खवे, सत्तानं एवं भविस्सति: ‘मयं खो अकुसलानं धम्मानं समादानहेतु एवरूपं आयतं ञातिक्खयं पत्ता। यन्नून मयं कुसलं करेय्याम। किं कुसलं करेय्याम? यन्नून मयं पाणातिपाता विरमेय्याम, इदं कुसलं धम्मं समादाय वत्तेय्यामाऽति। ते पाणातिपाता विरमिस्सन्ति, इदं कुसलं धम्मं समादाय वत्तिस्सन्ति। ते कुसलानं धम्मानं समादानहेतु आयुनापि वड्ढिस्सन्ति, वण्णेनपि वड्ढिस्सन्ति। तेसं आयुनापि वड्ढमानानं वण्णेनपि वड्ढमानानं दसवस्सायुकानं मनुस्सानं वीसतिवस्सायुका पुत्ता भविस्सन्ति।

Atha kho tesaṁ, bhikkhave, sattānaṁ evaṁ bhavissati: ‘mayaṁ kho akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samādānahetu evarūpaṁ āyataṁ ñātikkhayaṁ pattā. Yannūna mayaṁ kusalaṁ kareyyāma. Kiṁ kusalaṁ kareyyāma? Yannūna mayaṁ pāṇātipātā virameyyāma, idaṁ kusalaṁ dhammaṁ samādāya vatteyyāmā’ti. Te pāṇātipātā viramissanti, idaṁ kusalaṁ dhammaṁ samādāya vattissanti. Te kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samādānahetu āyunāpi vaḍḍhissanti, vaṇṇenapi vaḍḍhissanti. Tesaṁ āyunāpi vaḍḍhamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi vaḍḍhamānānaṁ dasavassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ vīsativassāyukā puttā bhavissanti.

Then those beings will think, ‘It’s because we undertook unskillful things that we suffered such an extensive loss of our relatives. We’d better do what’s skillful. What skillful thing should we do? Why don’t we refrain from killing living creatures? Having undertaken this skillful thing we’ll live by it.’ So that’s what they do. Because of undertaking this skillful thing, their lifespan and beauty will grow. Those people who live for ten years will have children who live for twenty years.

अथ खो तेसं, भिक्खवे, सत्तानं एवं भविस्सति: ‘मयं खो कुसलानं धम्मानं समादानहेतु आयुनापि वड्ढाम, वण्णेनपि वड्ढाम। यन्नून मयं भिय्योसो मत्ताय कुसलं करेय्याम। किं कुसलं करेय्याम? यन्नून मयं अदिन्नादाना विरमेय्याम … कामेसुमिच्छाचारा विरमेय्याम … मुसावादा विरमेय्याम … पिसुणाय वाचाय विरमेय्याम … फरुसाय वाचाय विरमेय्याम … सम्फप्पलापा विरमेय्याम … अभिज्झं पजहेय्याम … ब्यापादं पजहेय्याम … मिच्छादिट्ठिं पजहेय्याम … तयो धम्मे पजहेय्याम—अधम्मरागं विसमलोभं मिच्छाधम्मं … यन्नून मयं मत्तेय्या अस्साम पेत्तेय्या सामञ्ञा ब्रह्मञ्ञा कुले जेट्ठापचायिनो, इदं कुसलं धम्मं समादाय वत्तेय्यामाऽति। ते मत्तेय्या भविस्सन्ति पेत्तेय्या सामञ्ञा ब्रह्मञ्ञा कुले जेट्ठापचायिनो, इदं कुसलं धम्मं समादाय वत्तिस्सन्ति।

Atha kho tesaṁ, bhikkhave, sattānaṁ evaṁ bhavissati: ‘mayaṁ kho kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samādānahetu āyunāpi vaḍḍhāma, vaṇṇenapi vaḍḍhāma. Yannūna mayaṁ bhiyyoso mattāya kusalaṁ kareyyāma. Kiṁ kusalaṁ kareyyāma? Yannūna mayaṁ adinnādānā virameyyāma … kāmesumicchācārā virameyyāma … musāvādā virameyyāma … pisuṇāya vācāya virameyyāma … pharusāya vācāya virameyyāma … samphappalāpā virameyyāma … abhijjhaṁ pajaheyyāma … byāpādaṁ pajaheyyāma … micchādiṭṭhiṁ pajaheyyāma … tayo dhamme pajaheyyāma—adhammarāgaṁ visamalobhaṁ micchādhammaṁ … yannūna mayaṁ matteyyā assāma petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino, idaṁ kusalaṁ dhammaṁ samādāya vatteyyāmā’ti. Te matteyyā bhavissanti petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino, idaṁ kusalaṁ dhammaṁ samādāya vattissanti.

Then those beings will think, ‘Because of undertaking this skillful thing, our lifespan and beauty are growing. Why don’t we do even more skillful things? What skillful thing should we do? Why don’t we refrain from stealing … sexual misconduct … lying … backbiting … harsh speech … and talking nonsense. Why don’t we give up covetousness … ill will … wrong view … three things: illicit desire, immoral greed, and wrong custom. Why don’t we pay due respect to mother and father, ascetics and brahmins, honoring the elders in our families? Having undertaken this skillful thing we’ll live by it.’ So that’s what they do.

ते कुसलानं धम्मानं समादानहेतु आयुनापि वड्ढिस्सन्ति, वण्णेनपि वड्ढिस्सन्ति। तेसं आयुनापि वड्ढमानानं वण्णेनपि वड्ढमानानं वीसतिवस्सायुकानं मनुस्सानं चत्तारीसवस्सायुका पुत्ता भविस्सन्ति … चत्तारीसवस्सायुकानं मनुस्सानं असीतिवस्सायुका पुत्ता भविस्सन्ति … असीतिवस्सायुकानं मनुस्सानं सट्ठिवस्ससतायुका पुत्ता भविस्सन्ति … सट्ठिवस्ससतायुकानं मनुस्सानं वीसतितिवस्ससतायुका पुत्ता भविस्सन्ति … वीसतितिवस्ससतायुकानं मनुस्सानं चत्तारीसछब्बस्ससतायुका पुत्ता भविस्सन्ति। चत्तारीसछब्बस्ससतायुकानं मनुस्सानं द्वेवस्ससहस्सायुका पुत्ता भविस्सन्ति … द्वेवस्ससहस्सायुकानं मनुस्सानं चत्तारिवस्ससहस्सायुका पुत्ता भविस्सन्ति … चत्तारिवस्ससहस्सायुकानं मनुस्सानं अट्ठवस्ससहस्सायुका पुत्ता भविस्सन्ति … अट्ठवस्ससहस्सायुकानं मनुस्सानं वीसतिवस्ससहस्सायुका पुत्ता भविस्सन्ति … वीसतिवस्ससहस्सायुकानं मनुस्सानं चत्तारीसवस्ससहस्सायुका पुत्ता भविस्सन्ति … चत्तारीसवस्ससहस्सायुकानं मनुस्सानं असीतिवस्ससहस्सायुका पुत्ता भविस्सन्ति … असीतिवस्ससहस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु पञ्चवस्ससतिका कुमारिका अलंपतेय्या भविस्सन्ति।

Te kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samādānahetu āyunāpi vaḍḍhissanti, vaṇṇenapi vaḍḍhissanti. Tesaṁ āyunāpi vaḍḍhamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi vaḍḍhamānānaṁ vīsativassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ cattārīsavassāyukā puttā bhavissanti … cattārīsavassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ asītivassāyukā puttā bhavissanti … asītivassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ saṭṭhivassasatāyukā puttā bhavissanti … saṭṭhivassasatāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ vīsatitivassasatāyukā puttā bhavissanti … vīsatitivassasatāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ cattārīsachabbassasatāyukā puttā bhavissanti. Cattārīsachabbassasatāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ dvevassasahassāyukā puttā bhavissanti … dvevassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ cattārivassasahassāyukā puttā bhavissanti … cattārivassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ aṭṭhavassasahassāyukā puttā bhavissanti … aṭṭhavassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ vīsativassasahassāyukā puttā bhavissanti … vīsativassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ cattārīsavassasahassāyukā puttā bhavissanti … cattārīsavassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ asītivassasahassāyukā puttā bhavissanti … asītivassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu pañcavassasatikā kumārikā alaṁpateyyā bhavissanti.

Because of undertaking this skillful thing, their lifespan and beauty will grow. Those people who live for twenty years will have children who live for forty years. Those people who live for forty years will have children who live for eighty years, then a hundred and sixty years, three hundred and twenty years, six hundred and forty years, 2,000 years, 4,000 years, 8,000 years, 20,000 years, 40,000 years, and finally 80,000 years. Among the people who live for 80,000 years, girls will be marriageable at five hundred.

७। सङ्खराजौप्पत्ति

7. Saṅkharājauppatti

7. The Time of King Saṅkha

असीतिवस्ससहस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु तयो आबाधा भविस्सन्ति, इच्छा, अनसनं, जरा। असीतिवस्ससहस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु अयं जम्बुदीपो इद्धो चेव भविस्सति फीतो च, कुक्कुटसम्पातिका गामनिगमराजधानियो। असीतिवस्ससहस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु अयं जम्बुदीपो अवीचि मञ्ञे फुटो भविस्सति मनुस्सेहि, सेय्यथापि नळवनं वा सरवनं वा। असीतिवस्ससहस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु अयं बाराणसी केतुमती नाम राजधानी भविस्सति इद्धा चेव फीता च बहुजना च आकिण्णमनुस्सा च सुभिक्खा च। असीतिवस्ससहस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु इमस्मिं जम्बुदीपे चतुरासीतिनगरसहस्सानि भविस्सन्ति केतुमतीराजधानीपमुखानि।

Asītivassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu tayo ābādhā bhavissanti, icchā, anasanaṁ, jarā. Asītivassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu ayaṁ jambudīpo iddho ceva bhavissati phīto ca, kukkuṭasampātikā gāmanigamarājadhāniyo. Asītivassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu ayaṁ jambudīpo avīci maññe phuṭo bhavissati manussehi, seyyathāpi naḷavanaṁ vā saravanaṁ¹⁶ vā. Asītivassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu ayaṁ bārāṇasī ketumatī nāma rājadhānī bhavissati iddhā ceva phītā ca bahujanā ca ākiṇṇamanussā ca subhikkhā ca. Asītivassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu imasmiṁ jambudīpe caturāsītinagarasahassāni bhavissanti ketumatīrājadhānīpamukhāni.

Among the people who live for 80,000 years, there will be just three afflictions: greed, starvation, and old age. India will be successful and prosperous. The villages, towns, and capital cities will be no more than a chicken’s flight apart. And the land will be as crowded as hell with people, like a thicket of rushes or reeds. The royal capital will be Varanasi, renamed Ketumatī. And it will be successful, prosperous, populous, full of people, with plenty of food. There will be 84,000 cities in India, with the royal capital of Ketumatī foremost.

असीतिवस्ससहस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु केतुमतिया राजधानिया सङ्खो नाम राजा उप्पज्जिस्सति चक्कवत्ती धम्मिको धम्मराजा चातुरन्तो विजितावी जनपदत्थावरियप्पत्तो सत्तरतनसमन्नागतो। तस्सिमानि सत्त रतनानि भविस्सन्ति, सेय्यथिदं—चक्करतनं हत्थिरतनं अस्सरतनं मणिरतनं इत्थिरतनं गहपतिरतनं परिणायकरतनमेव सत्तमं। परोसहस्सं खो पनस्स पुत्ता भविस्सन्ति सूरा वीरङ्गरूपा परसेनप्पमद्दना। सो इमं पथविं सागरपरियन्तं अदण्डेन असत्थेन धम्मेन अभिविजिय अज्झावसिस्सति।

Asītivassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu ketumatiyā rājadhāniyā saṅkho nāma rājā uppajjissati cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Tassimāni satta ratanāni bhavissanti, seyyathidaṁ—cakkaratanaṁ hatthiratanaṁ assaratanaṁ maṇiratanaṁ itthiratanaṁ gahapatiratanaṁ pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṁ. Parosahassaṁ kho panassa puttā bhavissanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṁ pathaviṁ sāgarapariyantaṁ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasissati.

And in the royal capital of Ketumatī a king named Saṅkha will arise, a wheel-turning monarch, a just and principled king. His dominion will extend to all four sides, he will achieve stability in the country, and possess the seven treasures. He will have the following seven treasures: the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the treasurer, and the counselor as the seventh treasure. He will have over a thousand sons who are valiant and heroic, crushing the armies of his enemies. After conquering this land girt by sea, he will reign by principle, without rod or sword.

८। मेत्तेय्यबुद्धुप्पाद

8. Metteyyabuddhuppāda

8. The Arising of the Buddha Metteyya

असीतिवस्ससहस्सायुकेसु, भिक्खवे, मनुस्सेसु मेत्तेय्यो नाम भगवा लोके उप्पज्जिस्सति अरहं सम्मासम्बुद्धो विज्जाचरणसम्पन्नो सुगतो लोकविदू अनुत्तरो पुरिसदम्मसारथि सत्था देवमनुस्सानं बुद्धो भगवा। सेय्यथापाहमेतरहि लोके उप्पन्नो अरहं सम्मासम्बुद्धो विज्जाचरणसम्पन्नो सुगतो लोकविदू अनुत्तरो पुरिसदम्मसारथि सत्था देवमनुस्सानं बुद्धो भगवा। सो इमं लोकं सदेवकं समारकं सब्रह्मकं सस्समणब्राह्मणिं पजं सदेवमनुस्सं सयं अभिञ्ञा सच्छिकत्वा पवेदेस्सति, सेय्यथापाहमेतरहि इमं लोकं सदेवकं समारकं सब्रह्मकं सस्समणब्राह्मणिं पजं सदेवमनुस्सं सयं अभिञ्ञा सच्छिकत्वा पवेदेमि। सो धम्मं देसेस्सति आदिकल्याणं मज्झेकल्याणं परियोसानकल्याणं सात्थं सब्यञ्जनं केवलपरिपुण्णं परिसुद्धं ब्रह्मचरियं पकासेस्सति; सेय्यथापाहमेतरहि धम्मं देसेमि आदिकल्याणं मज्झेकल्याणं परियोसानकल्याणं सात्थं सब्यञ्जनं केवलपरिपुण्णं परिसुद्धं ब्रह्मचरियं पकासेमि। सो अनेकसहस्सं भिक्खुसङ्घं परिहरिस्सति, सेय्यथापाहमेतरहि अनेकसतं भिक्खुसङ्घं परिहरामि।

Asītivassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu metteyyo nāma bhagavā loke uppajjissati arahaṁ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṁ buddho bhagavā. Seyyathāpāhametarahi loke uppanno arahaṁ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṁ buddho bhagavā. So imaṁ lokaṁ sadevakaṁ samārakaṁ sabrahmakaṁ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṁ pajaṁ sadevamanussaṁ sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedessati, seyyathāpāhametarahi imaṁ lokaṁ sadevakaṁ samārakaṁ sabrahmakaṁ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṁ pajaṁ sadevamanussaṁ sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedemi. So dhammaṁ desessati ādikalyāṇaṁ majjhekalyāṇaṁ pariyosānakalyāṇaṁ sātthaṁ sabyañjanaṁ kevalaparipuṇṇaṁ parisuddhaṁ brahmacariyaṁ pakāsessati; seyyathāpāhametarahi dhammaṁ desemi ādikalyāṇaṁ majjhekalyāṇaṁ pariyosānakalyāṇaṁ sātthaṁ sabyañjanaṁ kevalaparipuṇṇaṁ parisuddhaṁ brahmacariyaṁ pakāsemi. So anekasahassaṁ¹⁷ bhikkhusaṅghaṁ pariharissati, seyyathāpāhametarahi anekasataṁ bhikkhusaṅghaṁ pariharāmi.

And the Blessed One named Metteyya will arise in the world—perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those who wish to train, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed—just as I have arisen today. He will realize with his own insight this world—with its gods, Māras and Brahmās, this population with its ascetics and brahmins, gods and humans—and make it known to others, just as I do today. He will teach the Dhamma that’s good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, meaningful and well-phrased. And he will reveal a spiritual practice that’s entirely full and pure, just as I do today. He will lead a Saṅgha of many thousand bhikkhus, just as I lead a Saṅgha of many hundreds today.

अथ खो, भिक्खवे, सङ्खो नाम राजा यो सो यूपो रञ्ञा महापनादेन कारापितो। तं यूपं उस्सापेत्वा अज्झावसित्वा तं दत्वा विस्सज्जित्वा समणब्राह्मणकपणद्धिकवणिब्बकयाचकानं दानं दत्वा मेत्तेय्यस्स भगवतो अरहतो सम्मासम्बुद्धस्स सन्तिके केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजिस्सति। सो एवं पब्बजितो समानो एको वूपकट्ठो अप्पमत्तो आतापी पहितत्तो विहरन्तो नचिरस्सेव—यस्सत्थाय कुलपुत्ता सम्मदेव अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजन्ति, तदनुत्तरं—ब्रह्मचरियपरियोसानं दिट्ठेव धम्मे सयं अभिञ्ञा सच्छिकत्वा उपसम्पज्ज विहरिस्सति।

Atha kho, bhikkhave, saṅkho nāma rājā yo so yūpo raññā mahāpanādena kārāpito. Taṁ yūpaṁ ussāpetvā ajjhāvasitvā taṁ datvā vissajjitvā samaṇabrāhmaṇakapaṇaddhikavaṇibbakayācakānaṁ dānaṁ datvā metteyyassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa santike kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissati. So evaṁ pabbajito samāno eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva—yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṁ—brahmacariyapariyosānaṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissati.

Then King Saṅkha will have the sacrificial post once built by King Mahāpanāda raised up. Having reigned, he will abdicate, offering charity to ascetics and brahmins, paupers, vagrants, nomads, and beggars. Then, having shaved off his hair and beard and dressed in ocher robes, he will go forth from the lay life to homelessness in the Buddha Metteyya’s presence. Soon after going forth, living withdrawn, diligent, keen, and resolute, he will realize the supreme end of the spiritual path in this very life. He will live having achieved with his own insight the goal for which gentlemen rightly go forth from the lay life to homelessness.

अत्तदीपा, भिक्खवे, विहरथ अत्तसरणा अनञ्ञसरणा, धम्मदीपा धम्मसरणा अनञ्ञसरणा। कथञ्च, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु अत्तदीपो विहरति अत्तसरणो अनञ्ञसरणो धम्मदीपो धम्मसरणो अनञ्ञसरणो? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति आतापी सम्पजानो सतिमा विनेय्य लोके अभिज्झादोमनस्सं। वेदनासु वेदनानुपस्सी …पे… चित्ते चित्तानुपस्सी …पे… धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति आतापी सम्पजानो सतिमा विनेय्य लोके अभिज्झादोमनस्सं। एवं खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु अत्तदीपो विहरति अत्तसरणो अनञ्ञसरणो धम्मदीपो धम्मसरणो अनञ्ञसरणो।

Attadīpā, bhikkhave, viharatha attasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā, dhammadīpā dhammasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā. Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu attadīpo viharati attasaraṇo anaññasaraṇo dhammadīpo dhammasaraṇo anaññasaraṇo? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ. Vedanāsu vedanānupassī …pe… citte cittānupassī …pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu attadīpo viharati attasaraṇo anaññasaraṇo dhammadīpo dhammasaraṇo anaññasaraṇo.

Bhikkhus, live as your own island, your own refuge, with no other refuge. Let the teaching be your island and your refuge, with no other refuge. And how does a bhikkhu do this? It’s when a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. That’s how a bhikkhu lives as their own island, their own refuge, with no other refuge. That’s how they let the teaching be their island and their refuge, with no other refuge.

९। भिक्खुनोआयुवण्णादिवड्ढनकथा

9. Bhikkhunoāyuvaṇṇādivaḍḍhanakathā

9. On Long Life and Beauty for Bhikkhus

गोचरे, भिक्खवे, चरथ सके पेत्तिके विसये। गोचरे, भिक्खवे, चरन्ता सके पेत्तिके विसये आयुनापि वड्ढिस्सथ, वण्णेनपि वड्ढिस्सथ, सुखेनपि वड्ढिस्सथ, भोगेनपि वड्ढिस्सथ, बलेनपि वड्ढिस्सथ।

Gocare, bhikkhave, caratha sake pettike visaye. Gocare, bhikkhave, carantā sake pettike visaye āyunāpi vaḍḍhissatha, vaṇṇenapi vaḍḍhissatha, sukhenapi vaḍḍhissatha, bhogenapi vaḍḍhissatha, balenapi vaḍḍhissatha.

Bhikkhus, you should roam inside your own territory, the domain of your fathers. Doing so, you will grow in life span, beauty, happiness, wealth, and power.

किञ्च, भिक्खवे, भिक्खुनो आयुस्मिं? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु छन्दसमाधिपधानसङ्खारसमन्नागतं इद्धिपादं भावेति, वीरियसमाधिपधानसङ्खारसमन्नागतं इद्धिपादं भावेति, चित्तसमाधिपधानसङ्खारसमन्नागतं इद्धिपादं भावेति, वीमंसासमाधिपधानसङ्खारसमन्नागतं इद्धिपादं भावेति। सो इमेसं चतुन्नं इद्धिपादानं भावितत्ता बहुलीकतत्ता आकङ्खमानो कप्पं वा तिट्ठेय्य कप्पावसेसं वा। इदं खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खुनो आयुस्मिं।

Kiñca, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno āyusmiṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti, cittasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti, vīmaṁsāsamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti. So imesaṁ catunnaṁ iddhipādānaṁ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā ākaṅkhamāno kappaṁ vā tiṭṭheyya kappāvasesaṁ vā. Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno āyusmiṁ.

And what is long life for a bhikkhu? It’s when a bhikkhu develops the basis of psychic power that has immersion due to enthusiasm, and active effort. They develop the basis of psychic power that has immersion due to energy, and active effort. They develop the basis of psychic power that has immersion due to mental development, and active effort. They develop the basis of psychic power that has immersion due to inquiry, and active effort. Having developed and cultivated these four bases of psychic power they may, if they wish, live for the proper lifespan or what’s left of it. This is long life for a bhikkhu.

किञ्च, भिक्खवे, भिक्खुनो वण्णस्मिं? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु सीलवा होति, पातिमोक्खसंवरसंवुतो विहरति आचारगोचरसम्पन्नो, अणुमत्तेसु वज्जेसु भयदस्सावी, समादाय सिक्खति सिक्खापदेसु। इदं खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खुनो वण्णस्मिं।

Kiñca, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno vaṇṇasmiṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṁvarasaṁvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno vaṇṇasmiṁ.

And what is beauty for a bhikkhu? It’s when a bhikkhu is ethical, restrained in the monastic code, conducting themselves well and seeking alms in suitable places. Seeing danger in the slightest fault, they keep the rules they’ve undertaken. This is beauty for a bhikkhu.

किञ्च, भिक्खवे, भिक्खुनो सुखस्मिं? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु विविच्चेव कामेहि विविच्च अकुसलेहि धम्मेहि सवितक्कं सविचारं विवेकजं पीतिसुखं पठमं झानं उपसम्पज्ज विहरति। वितक्कविचारानं वूपसमा …पे… दुतियं झानं … ततियं झानं … चतुत्थं झानं उपसम्पज्ज विहरति। इदं खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खुनो, सुखस्मिं।

Kiñca, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno sukhasmiṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṁ vūpasamā …pe… dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ … tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ … catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno, sukhasmiṁ.

And what is happiness for a bhikkhu? It’s when a bhikkhu, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first jhāna, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. As the placing of the mind and keeping it connected are stilled, they enter and remain in the second jhāna … third jhāna … fourth jhāna. This is happiness for a bhikkhu.

किञ्च, भिक्खवे, भिक्खुनो भोगस्मिं? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु मेत्तासहगतेन चेतसा एकं दिसं फरित्वा विहरति तथा दुतियं। तथा ततियं। तथा चतुत्थं। इति उद्धमधो तिरियं सब्बधि सब्बत्तताय सब्बावन्तं लोकं मेत्तासहगतेन चेतसा विपुलेन महग्गतेन अप्पमाणेन अवेरेन अब्यापज्जेन फरित्वा विहरति। करुणासहगतेन चेतसा …पे… मुदितासहगतेन चेतसा …पे… उपेक्खासहगतेन चेतसा एकं दिसं फरित्वा विहरति। तथा दुतियं। तथा ततियं। तथा चतुत्थं। इति उद्धमधो तिरियं सब्बधि सब्बत्तताय सब्बावन्तं लोकं उपेक्खासहगतेन चेतसा विपुलेन महग्गतेन अप्पमाणेन अवेरेन अब्यापज्जेन फरित्वा विहरति। इदं खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खुनो भोगस्मिं।

Kiñca, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno bhogasmiṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṁ disaṁ pharitvā viharati tathā dutiyaṁ. Tathā tatiyaṁ. Tathā catutthaṁ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṁ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṁ lokaṁ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. Karuṇāsahagatena cetasā …pe… muditāsahagatena cetasā …pe… upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṁ disaṁ pharitvā viharati. Tathā dutiyaṁ. Tathā tatiyaṁ. Tathā catutthaṁ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṁ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṁ lokaṁ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno bhogasmiṁ.

And what is wealth for a bhikkhu? It’s when a monk meditates spreading a heart full of love to one direction, and to the second, and to the third, and to the fourth. In the same way above, below, across, everywhere, all around, they spread a heart full of love to the whole world—abundant, expansive, limitless, free of enmity and ill will. They meditate spreading a heart full of compassion … rejoicing … equanimity to one direction, and to the second, and to the third, and to the fourth. In the same way above, below, across, everywhere, all around, they spread a heart full of equanimity to the whole world—abundant, expansive, limitless, free of enmity and ill will. This is wealth for a bhikkhu.

किञ्च, भिक्खवे, भिक्खुनो बलस्मिं? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु आसवानं खया अनासवं चेतोविमुत्तिं पञ्ञाविमुत्तिं दिट्ठेव धम्मे सयं अभिञ्ञा सच्छिकत्वा उपसम्पज्ज विहरति। इदं खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खुनो बलस्मिं।

Kiñca, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno balasmiṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āsavānaṁ khayā anāsavaṁ cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno balasmiṁ.

And what is power for a bhikkhu? It’s when a bhikkhu realizes the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom in this very life. And they live having realized it with their own insight due to the ending of defilements. This is power for a bhikkhu.

नाहं, भिक्खवे, अञ्ञं एकबलम्पि समनुपस्सामि यं एवं दुप्पसहं, यथयिदं, भिक्खवे, मारबलं। कुसलानं, भिक्खवे, धम्मानं समादानहेतु एवमिदं पुञ्ञं पवड्ढती”ति।

Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekabalampi samanupassāmi yaṁ evaṁ duppasahaṁ, yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, mārabalaṁ. Kusalānaṁ, bhikkhave, dhammānaṁ samādānahetu evamidaṁ puññaṁ pavaḍḍhatī”ti.

Bhikkhus, I do not see a single power so hard to defeat as the power of Māra. It is due to undertaking skillful qualities that merit grows.”

इदमवोच भगवा। अत्तमना ते भिक्खू भगवतो भासितं अभिनन्दुन्ति।

Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti.

That is what the Buddha said. Satisfied, the bhikkhus approved what the Buddha said.

चक्कवत्तिसुत्तं निट्ठितं ततियं।

Cakkavattisuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ tatiyaṁ.

Next: अग्गञ्ञसुत्त • Aggaññasutta • What Came First

The authoritative text of the Dīgha Nikāya is the Pāli text. The English translation is provided as an aid to the study of the original Pāli text. [CREDITS »]

Footnotes:

1. cakkavattī → cakkavatti (sya-all, pts1ed)

2. asatthena dhammena → dhammena samena (sya-all, mr)

3. muddhābhisitto → muddhāvasitto (sya-all, pts1ed)

4. sīsaṁnhātassa → sīsaṁ nahātassa (bj, pts1ed); sīsanhātassa (sya-all)

5. anuyantesu → anuyuttesu (bj, pts1ed)

6. svāgataṁ te → svāgataṁ (sya-all); sāgataṁ (pts1ed)

7. anuyantā → anuyuttā (bj, pts1ed)

8. ajjhogāhetvā → ajjhogāhitvā (bj); ajjhogahetvā (sya-all, pts1ed)

9. padese cakkaratanaṁ → dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ (bj, csp1ed)

10. padese cakkaratanaṁ → dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ (bj, csp1ed)

11. mūlaghaccaṁ → mūlachejjaṁ (bj, mr); mūlaghacchaṁ (sya-all)

12. pacchābāhaṁ → pacchābāhuṁ (sya-all)

13. pañcavassikā → pañcamāsikā (si)

14. aggaṁ bhojanānaṁ → aggabhojanaṁ (sya-all)

15. tiṇagahanaṁ → … gahaṇaṁ (bj, sya-all)

16. saravanaṁ → sāravanaṁ (sya-all)

17. anekasahassaṁ → anekasatasahassaṁ (bj, mr)

चक्कवत्तिसुत्त

Cakkavattisutta

The Wheel-Turning Monarch

१। अत्तदीपसरणता

1. Attadīpasaraṇatā

1. Taking Refuge in Oneself

२। दळ्हनेमिचक्कवत्तिराजा

2. Daḷhanemicakkavattirājā

2. King Daḷhanemi

२।१। चक्कवत्तिअरियवत्त

2.1. Cakkavattiariyavatta

2.1. The Noble Duty of a Wheel-Turning Monarch

२।२। चक्करतनपातुभाव

2.2. Cakkaratanapātubhāva

2.2. The Wheel-Treasure Appears

३। दुतियादिचक्कवत्तिकथा

3. Dutiyādicakkavattikathā

3. On Subsequent Wheel-Turning Monarchs

४। आयुवण्णादिपरिहानिकथा

4. Āyuvaṇṇādiparihānikathā

4. On the Period of Decline

५। दसवस्सायुकसमय

5. Dasavassāyukasamaya

5. When People Live for Ten Years

६। आयुवण्णादिवड्ढनकथा

6. Āyuvaṇṇādivaḍḍhanakathā

6. The Period of Growth

७। सङ्खराजौप्पत्ति

7. Saṅkharājauppatti

7. The Time of King Saṅkha

८। मेत्तेय्यबुद्धुप्पाद

8. Metteyyabuddhuppāda

8. The Arising of the Buddha Metteyya

९। भिक्खुनोआयुवण्णादिवड्ढनकथा

9. Bhikkhunoāyuvaṇṇādivaḍḍhanakathā

9. On Long Life and Beauty for Bhikkhus

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