Library / English Dictionary

CARBONATE

Pronunciation (US):

(GB):

 I. (noun) 

Sense 1

Meaning:

A salt or ester of carbonic acid (containing the anion CO3)

Classified under:

Nouns denoting substances

Hypernyms ("carbonate" is a kind of...):

salt (a compound formed by replacing hydrogen in an acid by a metal (or a radical that acts like a metal))

Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "carbonate"):

ammonium carbonate (a carbonate of ammonium; used in the manufacture of smelling salts and baking powder and ammonium compounds)

bicarbonate; hydrogen carbonate (a salt of carbonic acid (containing the anion HCO3) in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced; an acid carbonate)

potassium carbonate (a white salt (K2CO3) that is basic in solution; used to make glass and cleansing agents)

calcium carbonate (a salt found in nature as chalk or calcite or aragonite or limestone)

Eskalith; Lithane; lithium carbonate; Lithonate (a white powder (LiCO3) used in manufacturing glass and ceramics and as a drug; the drug (trade names Lithane or Lithonate or Eskalith) is used to treat some forms of depression and manic episodes of manic-depressive disorder)

magnesium carbonate (a very white crystalline salt that occurs naturally as magnesite or as dolomite)

Derivation:

carbonate (treat with carbon dioxide)

carbonate (turn into a carbonate)

 II. (verb) 

Sense 1

Meaning:

Treat with carbon dioxide

Example:

Carbonated soft drinks

Classified under:

Verbs of size, temperature change, intensifying, etc.

Hypernyms (to "carbonate" is one way to...):

process; treat (subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition)

Sentence frame:

Somebody ----s something

Derivation:

carbon dioxide (a heavy odorless colorless gas formed during respiration and by the decomposition of organic substances; absorbed from the air by plants in photosynthesis)

carbonate (a salt or ester of carbonic acid (containing the anion CO3))

carbonation (saturation with carbon dioxide (as soda water))

Sense 2

Meaning:

Turn into a carbonate

Classified under:

Verbs of being, having, spatial relations

Hypernyms (to "carbonate" is one way to...):

change (undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature)

Sentence frame:

Something ----s something

Derivation:

carbon (an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds)

carbonate (a salt or ester of carbonic acid (containing the anion CO3))

carbonic acid (a weak acid known only in solution; formed when carbon dioxide combines with water)

Credits

 Context examples: 

A new study identified 12 sites rich in sodium carbonates and examined in detail several areas of a few square miles that show where water is present as part of the carbonate structure.

(NASA Dawn Reveals Recent Changes in Ceres' Surface, NASA)

The mix of minerals identified from the spectrometer data, including serpentine, talc and carbonate, and the shape and texture of the thick bedrock layers, led to identifying possible seafloor hydrothermal deposits.

(Mars Study Yields Clues to Possible Cradle of Life, NASA)

The study used data from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) to forecast ocean acidification under several CO2 emission assumption scenarios, looking at changes in calcium carbonate saturation.

(Marine organisms in Southern Ocean will face shallower zone for life, National Science Foundation)

Crystalline calcium carbonate found in ocean sediments, usually derived from continental weathering of carbonate rock.

(Detrital carbonate, NOAA Paleoclimate Glossary)

Vaterite is not very stable in the Earth’s humid atmosphere as it often reverts to more common forms of calcium carbonate, such as calcite.

(Rare mineral discovered in plants for first time, University of Cambridge)

Any substance that inhibits carbonate dehydratase (carbonic anhydrase), an enzyme that catalyzes the rapid conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid, protons and bicarbonate ions.

(Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor, NCI Thesaurus)

Stalagmites are cave pillars made largely of calcium carbonate or limestone, in association with trace elements such as magnesium, that is precipitated by rainwater.

(Cave stalagmites reveal India’s rainfall secrets, SciDev.Net)

The determination of the amount of calcium carbonate crystals present in a sample.

(Calcium Carbonate Crystal Measurement, NCI Thesaurus)

A measurement of the calcium carbonate crystals present in a biological specimen.

(Calcium Carbonate Crystal Measurement, NCI Thesaurus/CDISC)

Maalox is also available as a chewable tablet containing calcium carbonate.

(Maalox, NCI Thesaurus)