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अङ्गुत्तर निकाय ३।३७
Aṅguttara Nikāya 3.37
Numbered Discourses 3.37
४। देवदूतवग्ग
4. Devadūtavagga
4. Messengers of the Gods
चतुमहाराजसुत्त
Catumahārājasutta
The Four Great Kings (1st)
“अट्ठमियं, भिक्खवे, पक्खस्स चतुन्नं महाराजानं अमच्चा पारिसज्जा इमं लोकं अनुविचरन्ति: ‘कच्चि बहू मनुस्सा मनुस्सेसु मत्तेय्या पेत्तेय्या सामञ्ञा ब्रह्मञ्ञा कुले जेट्ठापचायिनो उपोसथं उपवसन्ति पटिजागरोन्ति पुञ्ञानि करोन्तीऽति।
“Aṭṭhamiyaṁ, bhikkhave, pakkhassa catunnaṁ mahārājānaṁ amaccā pārisajjā imaṁ lokaṁ anuvicaranti: ‘kacci bahū manussā manussesu matteyyā petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino uposathaṁ upavasanti paṭijāgaronti puññāni karontī’ti.
“On the eighth day of the fortnight, bhikkhus, the ministers and counselors of the Four Great Kings wander about the world, thinking: ‘Hopefully most humans are paying due respect to their parents, ascetics and brahmins, honoring the elders in their families, observing and keeping vigil on the Uposatha day, and making merit.’
चातुद्दसिं, भिक्खवे, पक्खस्स चतुन्नं महाराजानं पुत्ता इमं लोकं अनुविचरन्ति: ‘कच्चि बहू मनुस्सा मनुस्सेसु मत्तेय्या पेत्तेय्या सामञ्ञा ब्रह्मञ्ञा कुले जेट्ठापचायिनो उपोसथं उपवसन्ति पटिजागरोन्ति पुञ्ञानि करोन्तीऽति।
Cātuddasiṁ, bhikkhave, pakkhassa catunnaṁ mahārājānaṁ puttā imaṁ lokaṁ anuvicaranti: ‘kacci bahū manussā manussesu matteyyā petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino uposathaṁ upavasanti paṭijāgaronti puññāni karontī’ti.
And on the fourteenth day of the fortnight, the sons of the Four Great Kings wander about the world, thinking: ‘Hopefully most humans are paying due respect to their parents … and making merit.’
तदहु, भिक्खवे, उपोसथे पन्नरसे चत्तारो महाराजानो सामञ्ञेव इमं लोकं अनुविचरन्ति: ‘कच्चि बहू मनुस्सा मनुस्सेसु मत्तेय्या पेत्तेय्या सामञ्ञा ब्रह्मञ्ञा कुले जेट्ठापचायिनो उपोसथं उपवसन्ति पटिजागरोन्ति पुञ्ञानि करोन्तीऽति।
Tadahu, bhikkhave, uposathe pannarase cattāro mahārājāno1 sāmaññeva imaṁ lokaṁ anuvicaranti: ‘kacci bahū manussā manussesu matteyyā petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino uposathaṁ upavasanti paṭijāgaronti puññāni karontī’ti.
And on the Uposatha day of the fifteenth, the Four Great Kings themselves wander about the world, thinking: ‘Hopefully most humans are paying due respect to their parents … and making merit.’
सचे, भिक्खवे, अप्पका होन्ति मनुस्सा मनुस्सेसु मत्तेय्या पेत्तेय्या सामञ्ञा ब्रह्मञ्ञा कुले जेट्ठापचायिनो उपोसथं उपवसन्ति पटिजागरोन्ति पुञ्ञानि करोन्ति। तमेनं, भिक्खवे, चत्तारो महाराजानो देवानं तावतिंसानं सुधम्माय सभाय सन्निसिन्नानं सन्निपतितानं आरोचेन्ति: ‘अप्पका खो, मारिसा, मनुस्सा मनुस्सेसु मत्तेय्या पेत्तेय्या सामञ्ञा ब्रह्मञ्ञा कुले जेट्ठापचायिनो उपोसथं उपवसन्ति पटिजागरोन्ति पुञ्ञानि करोन्तीऽति। तेन खो, भिक्खवे, देवा तावतिंसा अनत्तमना होन्ति: ‘दिब्बा वत, भो, काया परिहायिस्सन्ति, परिपूरिस्सन्ति असुरकायाऽति।
Sace, bhikkhave, appakā honti manussā manussesu matteyyā petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino uposathaṁ upavasanti paṭijāgaronti puññāni karonti. Tamenaṁ, bhikkhave, cattāro mahārājāno2 devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ sudhammāya sabhāya sannisinnānaṁ sannipatitānaṁ ārocenti: ‘appakā kho, mārisā, manussā manussesu matteyyā petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino uposathaṁ upavasanti paṭijāgaronti puññāni karontī’ti. Tena kho, bhikkhave, devā tāvatiṁsā anattamanā honti: ‘dibbā vata, bho, kāyā parihāyissanti, paripūrissanti asurakāyā’ti.
If only a few humans are paying due respect to their parents … and making merit, then the Four Great Kings address the gods of the Thirty-Three, seated together in the Hall of Justice: ‘Only a few humans are paying due respect to their parents … and making merit.’ Then the gods of the Thirty-Three are disappointed, thinking, ‘The heavenly hosts will dwindle, while the demon hosts will swell!’
सचे पन, भिक्खवे, बहू होन्ति मनुस्सा मनुस्सेसु मत्तेय्या पेत्तेय्या सामञ्ञा ब्रह्मञ्ञा कुले जेट्ठापचायिनो उपोसथं उपवसन्ति पटिजागरोन्ति पुञ्ञानि करोन्ति। तमेनं, भिक्खवे, चत्तारो महाराजानो देवानं तावतिंसानं सुधम्माय सभाय सन्निसिन्नानं सन्निपतितानं आरोचेन्ति: ‘बहू खो, मारिसा, मनुस्सा मनुस्सेसु मत्तेय्या पेत्तेय्या सामञ्ञा ब्रह्मञ्ञा कुले जेट्ठापचायिनो उपोसथं उपवसन्ति पटिजागरोन्ति पुञ्ञानि करोन्तीऽति। तेन, भिक्खवे, देवा तावतिंसा अत्तमना होन्ति: ‘दिब्बा वत भो काया परिपूरिस्सन्ति, परिहायिस्सन्ति असुरकायाऽति।
Sace pana, bhikkhave, bahū honti manussā manussesu matteyyā petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino uposathaṁ upavasanti paṭijāgaronti puññāni karonti. Tamenaṁ, bhikkhave, cattāro mahārājāno devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ sudhammāya sabhāya sannisinnānaṁ sannipatitānaṁ ārocenti: ‘bahū kho, mārisā, manussā manussesu matteyyā petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino uposathaṁ upavasanti paṭijāgaronti puññāni karontī’ti. Tena, bhikkhave, devā tāvatiṁsā attamanā honti: ‘dibbā vata bho kāyā paripūrissanti, parihāyissanti asurakāyā’ti.
But if many humans are paying due respect to their parents … and making merit, then the Four Great Kings address the gods of the Thirty-Three, seated together in the Hall of Justice: ‘Many humans are paying due respect to their parents … and making merit.’ Then the gods of the Thirty-Three are pleased, thinking, ‘The heavenly hosts will swell, while the demon hosts will dwindle!’
भूतपुब्बं, भिक्खवे, सक्को देवानमिन्दो देवे तावतिंसे अनुनयमानो तायं वेलायं इमं गाथं अभासि:
Bhūtapubbaṁ, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo deve tāvatiṁse anunayamāno tāyaṁ velāyaṁ imaṁ gāthaṁ abhāsi:
Once upon a time, Sakka, lord of gods, guiding the gods of the Thirty-Three, recited this verse:
‘चातुद्दसिं पञ्चदसिं, या च पक्खस्स अट्ठमी; पाटिहारियपक्खञ्च, अट्ठङ्गसुसमागतं; उपोसथं उपवसेय्य, योपिस्स मादिसो नरोऽति।
‘Cātuddasiṁ pañcadasiṁ, yā ca pakkhassa aṭṭhamī; Pāṭihāriyapakkhañca, aṭṭhaṅgasusamāgataṁ; Uposathaṁ upavaseyya, yopissa3 mādiso naro’ti.
‘Whoever wants to be like me would observe the Uposatha day complete in all eight factors, on the fourteenth and the fifteenth days, and the eighth day of the fortnight, as well as on the fortnightly special displays.’
सा खो पनेसा, भिक्खवे, सक्केन देवानमिन्देन गाथा दुग्गीता न सुगीता दुब्भासिता न सुभासिता। तं किस्स हेतु? सक्को हि, भिक्खवे, देवानमिन्दो अवीतरागो अवीतदोसो अवीतमोहो।
Sā kho panesā, bhikkhave, sakkena devānamindena gāthā duggītā na sugītā dubbhāsitā na subhāsitā. Taṁ kissa hetu? Sakko hi, bhikkhave, devānamindo avītarāgo avītadoso avītamoho.
But that verse was poorly sung by Sakka, lord of gods, not well sung; poorly spoken, not well spoken. Why is that? Sakka, lord of gods, is not free of greed, hate, and delusion.
यो च खो सो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु अरहं खीणासवो वुसितवा ब्रह्मचरियो कतकरणीयो ओहितभारो अनुप्पत्तसदत्थो परिक्खीणभवसंयोजनो सम्मदञ्ञाविमुत्तो, तस्स खो एतं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खुनो कल्लं वचनाय:
Yo ca kho so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu arahaṁ khīṇāsavo vusitavā brahmacariyo katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasaṁyojano sammadaññāvimutto, tassa kho etaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno4 kallaṁ vacanāya:
But for a bhikkhu who is perfected—with defilements ended, who has completed the spiritual journey, done what had to be done, laid down the burden, achieved their own true goal, utterly ended the fetters of rebirth, and is rightly freed through enlightenment—it is appropriate to say:
‘चातुद्दसिं पञ्चदसिं, या च पक्खस्स अट्ठमी; पाटिहारियपक्खञ्च, अट्ठङ्गसुसमागतं; उपोसथं उपवसेय्य, योपिस्स मादिसो नरोऽति।
‘Cātuddasiṁ pañcadasiṁ, yā ca pakkhassa aṭṭhamī; Pāṭihāriyapakkhañca, aṭṭhaṅgasusamāgataṁ; Uposathaṁ upavaseyya, yopissa mādiso naro’ti.
‘Whoever wants to be like me would observe the Uposatha day, complete in all eight factors, on the fourteenth and the fifteenth days, and the eighth day of the fortnight, as well as on the fortnightly special displays.’
तं किस्स हेतु? सो हि, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु वीतरागो वीतदोसो वीतमोहो”ति।
Taṁ kissa hetu? So hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vītarāgo vītadoso vītamoho”ti.
Why is that? Because that bhikkhu is free of greed, hate, and delusion.”
सत्तमं।
Sattamaṁ.
The authoritative text of the Aṅguttara Nikāya is the Pāli text. The English translation is provided as an aid to the study of the original Pāli text. [CREDITS »]
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