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CELL
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I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
Classified under:
Hypernyms ("cell" is a kind of...):
animate thing; living thing (a living (or once living) entity)
Meronyms (parts of "cell"):
energid; protoplast (a biological unit consisting of a nucleus and the body of cytoplasm with which it interacts)
cell membrane; cytomembrane; plasma membrane (a thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell; proteins in the membrane control passage of ions (like sodium or potassium or calcium) in and out of the cell)
vacuole (a tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm of a cell)
cell organ; cell organelle; organelle (a specialized part of a cell; analogous to an organ)
cell nucleus; karyon; nucleus (a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction)
cytol; cytoplasm (the protoplasm of a cell excluding the nucleus; is full of proteins that control cell metabolism)
Domain category:
biological science; biology (the science that studies living organisms)
Domain member category:
totipotent (having the ability to give rise to unlike cells)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "cell"):
arthrospore (one of a string of thick walled vegetative resting cells formed by some algae and fungi)
mother cell (cell from which another cell of an organism (usually of a different sort) develops)
daughter cell (a cell formed by the division or budding of another cell)
archespore; archesporium (primitive cell or group of cells from which a mother cell develops)
plant cell (a cell that is a structural and functional unit of a plant)
Sertoli's cell; Sertoli cell (elongated cells found in the seminiferous tubules of the testis; apparently they nourish the spermatids)
Leydig's cell; Leydig cell (a cell in the testes that secretes the hormone testosterone)
polar body (a small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded)
gametocyte (an immature animal or plant cell that develops into a gamete by meiosis)
germ cell; reproductive cell; sex cell (a spermatozoon or an ovum; a cell responsible for transmitting DNA to the next generation)
acaryote; akaryocyte; akaryote (a cell without a nucleus (as an erythrocyte))
embryonic cell; formative cell (a cell of an embryo)
parthenote (a cell resulting from parthenogenesis)
fertilized ovum; zygote ((genetics) the diploid cell resulting from the union of a haploid spermatozoon and ovum (including the organism that develops from that cell))
blastema (a mass of undifferentiated cells from which an organ or body part develops)
somatic cell; vegetative cell (any of the cells of a plant or animal except the reproductive cells; a cell that does not participate in the production of gametes)
beta cell (a cell that produces insulin in the isles of Langerhans in the pancreas)
Kupffer's cell (specialized cells in the liver that destroy bacteria, foreign proteins, and worn-out blood cells)
fiber; fibre (any of several elongated, threadlike cells (especially a muscle fiber or a nerve fiber))
flagellated cell (any cell or one-celled organism equipped with a flagellum)
blastomere (any cell resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg)
recombinant (a cell or organism in which genetic recombination has occurred)
arthrospore (a body that resembles a spore but is not an endospore; produced by some bacteria)
Holonyms ("cell" is a part of...):
being; organism (a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently)
Derivation:
cellular (characterized by or divided into or containing cells or compartments (the smallest organizational or structural unit of an organism or organization))
cellular (relating to cells)
Sense 2
Meaning:
A device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction
Synonyms:
Classified under:
Nouns denoting man-made objects
Hypernyms ("cell" is a kind of...):
electrical device (a device that produces or is powered by electricity)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "cell"):
electrolytic cell (a cell containing an electrolyte in which an applied voltage causes a reaction to occur that would not occur otherwise (such as the breakdown of water into hydrogen and oxygen))
fuel cell (cell that produces electricity by oxidation of fuel (hydrogen and oxygen or zinc and air); often used in electric cars)
photovoltaic cell; solar cell (a cell that converts solar energy into electrical energy)
secondary cell; storage cell (a cell that can be recharged)
galvanic cell; primary cell; voltaic cell (an electric cell that generates an electromotive force by an irreversible conversion of chemical to electrical energy; cannot be recharged)
Derivation:
cellular (relating to cells)
Sense 3
Meaning:
A room where a prisoner is kept
Synonyms:
cell; jail cell; prison cell
Classified under:
Nouns denoting man-made objects
Hypernyms ("cell" is a kind of...):
room (an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "cell"):
sweatbox (small or narrow cell)
hold; keep (a cell in a jail or prison)
guardroom (a cell in which soldiers who are prisoners are confined)
dungeon (a dark cell (usually underground) where prisoners can be confined)
cooler; tank (a cell for violent prisoners)
bullpen; detention cell; detention centre (a large cell where prisoners (people awaiting trial or sentence or refugees or illegal immigrants) are confined together temporarily)
Holonyms ("cell" is a part of...):
cellblock; ward (a division of a prison (usually consisting of several cells))
Derivation:
cellular (relating to cells)
Sense 4
Meaning:
Small room in which a monk or nun lives
Synonyms:
cell; cubicle
Classified under:
Nouns denoting man-made objects
Hypernyms ("cell" is a kind of...):
room (an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling)
Holonyms ("cell" is a part of...):
convent (a religious residence especially for nuns)
monastery (the residence of a religious community)
Derivation:
cellular (relating to cells)
Sense 5
Meaning:
Any small compartment
Example:
the cells of a honeycomb
Classified under:
Nouns denoting man-made objects
Hypernyms ("cell" is a kind of...):
compartment (a space into which an area is subdivided)
Derivation:
cellular (characterized by or divided into or containing cells or compartments (the smallest organizational or structural unit of an organism or organization))
cellular (relating to cells)
Sense 6
Meaning:
A hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver
Synonyms:
cell; cellphone; cellular phone; cellular telephone; mobile phone
Classified under:
Nouns denoting man-made objects
Hypernyms ("cell" is a kind of...):
radiophone; radiotelephone; wireless telephone (a telephone that communicates by radio waves rather than along cables)
Sense 7
Meaning:
A small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement
Synonyms:
cadre; cell
Classified under:
Nouns denoting groupings of people or objects
Hypernyms ("cell" is a kind of...):
political entity; political unit (a unit with political responsibilities)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "cell"):
sleeper cell (a cell of sleepers)
radical cell; terrorist cell (a cell of terrorists (usually 3 to 5 members))
Holonyms ("cell" is a member of...):
political movement (a group of people working together to achieve a political goal)
Derivation:
cellular (characterized by or divided into or containing cells or compartments (the smallest organizational or structural unit of an organism or organization))
cellular (relating to cells)
Context examples:
This damages nerve cells by blocking their ability to make the proteins needed for synaptic function and leads to the death of neurons in the brain and spinal cord.
(Mechanism behind neuron death in motor neurone disease and frontotemporal dementia discovered, University of Cambridge)
After a few days, the parasites leave the liver and hijack red blood cells, where they continue to multiply, spreading around the body and causing symptoms, including potentially life-threatening complications.
(Toothpaste ingredient may help fight drug-resistant malaria, University of Cambridge)
Melanin gives skin, hair, and eyes their color and protects skin cells from UVR.
(New regions of the human genome linked to skin color variation in some African populations, National Institutes of Health)
The results provided evidence of multiple mechanisms by which the antibodies inhibit actions of all forms of GP, thus preventing infection by halting viral entry into the host cell.
(Broadly acting antibodies found in plasma of Ebola survivors, National Institutes of Health)
Cells are methylene blue positive on whole-mount sections of the intestinal mucosa.
(Aberrant Crypt Foci of the Mouse Intestinal Tract, NCI Thesaurus)
Cells are methylene blue positive on whole mounts, cells have basophilic cytoplasm on H and E stain, and may have Beta-catenin staining in the nucleus.
(Aberrant Crypt Foci of the Mouse Intestinal Tract, NCI Thesaurus/MMHCC)
This leads to an alteration in protein synthesis, which modulates cell growth of reproductive tissues.
(Megestrol acetate, NCI Thesaurus)
This protein is involved in cell proliferation and tyrosine phosphorylation.
(Megakaryocyte-Associated Tyrosine-Protein Kinase, NCI Thesaurus)
A relative measurement (ratio or percentage) of the megakaryocytes to total cells in a biological specimen (for example a bone marrow specimen).
(Megakaryocyte to Total Cell Ratio Measurement, NCI Thesaurus/CDISC)
The determination of the ratio of megakaryocytes compared to total cells present in a sample.
(Megakaryocyte to Total Cell Ratio Measurement, NCI Thesaurus)
