| Library / English Dictionary |
CIRCULATION
| Pronunciation (US): |  | (GB): | |
I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
The spread or transmission of something (as news or money) to a wider group or area
Classified under:
Nouns denoting acts or actions
Hypernyms ("circulation" is a kind of...):
spread; spreading (act of extending over a wider scope or expanse of space or time)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "circulation"):
recirculation (circulation again)
Derivation:
circulate (cause to become widely known)
circulate (cause to be distributed)
Sense 2
Meaning:
The dissemination of copies of periodicals (as newspapers or magazines)
Classified under:
Nouns denoting communicative processes and contents
Hypernyms ("circulation" is a kind of...):
airing; dissemination; public exposure; spreading (the opening of a subject to widespread discussion and debate)
Derivation:
circulate (cause to be distributed)
Sense 3
Meaning:
Free movement or passage (as of cytoplasm within a cell or sap through a plant)
Example:
a fan aids air circulation
Classified under:
Hypernyms ("circulation" is a kind of...):
change of location; travel (a movement through space that changes the location of something)
Domain category:
flora; plant; plant life ((botany) a living organism lacking the power of locomotion)
Derivation:
circulate (cause to move in a circuit or system)
Sense 4
Meaning:
Movement through a circuit; especially the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels
Classified under:
Nouns denoting natural phenomena
Hypernyms ("circulation" is a kind of...):
organic phenomenon ((biology) a natural phenomenon involving living plants and animals)
Meronyms (parts of "circulation"):
blood pressure (the pressure of the circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels; results from the systole of the left ventricle of the heart; sometimes measured for a quick evaluation of a person's health)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "circulation"):
systemic circulation (circulation that supplies blood to all the body except to the lungs)
pulmonary circulation (circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs)
vitelline circulation (circulation of blood between the embryo and the yolk sac)
Derivation:
circulate (move through a space, circuit or system, returning to the starting point)
circulate (cause to move in a circuit or system)
Sense 5
Meaning:
Number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold
Example:
by increasing its circulation the newspaper hoped to increase its advertising
Classified under:
Nouns denoting quantities and units of measure
Hypernyms ("circulation" is a kind of...):
count (the total number counted)
Derivation:
circulate (cause to be distributed)
Sense 6
Meaning:
(library science) the count of books that are loaned by a library over a specified period
Classified under:
Nouns denoting quantities and units of measure
Hypernyms ("circulation" is a kind of...):
count (the total number counted)
Domain category:
library science (the study of the principles and practices of library administration)
Context examples:
This research demonstrates that an important climate change event was driven by atmospheric circulation.
(Six million years ago, atmospheric shifts led to increased diversity of grassland mammals, National Science Foundation)
The presence of titanium oxide in the atmosphere of WASP-19b can have substantial effects on the atmospheric temperature structure and circulation.
(Inferno World with Titanium Skies, ESO)
The CD4+ memory Th1-like T cells are derived from precursors found in the circulation of a normal donor.
(Allogeneic CD4+ Memory Th1-like T Cells/Microparticle-bound Anti-CD3/anti-CD28, NCI Thesaurus)
That interferes with the blood circulation in an organ.
(Arteriovenous Malformations, NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)
Although not completely understood, the mechanism of action appears to involve T lymphocyte clearance from the circulation and modulation of T lymphocyte activity.
(Anti-Thymocyte Globulin, NCI Thesaurus)
A medical specialty focusing on the normal blood circulation of the brain and on changes due to pathology.
(Cerebrovascular Physiology, NCI Thesaurus)
Multiplied parasites eventually lyse infected host cells and are released in the circulation.
(Chagas Disease Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/KEGG)
The polyethylene glycol coating allows for greater plasma circulation time, thus enhancing the concentration of belotecan at the tumor site.
(Pegylated Liposomal Belotecan, NCI Thesaurus)
By extending the circulation time and specifically targeting transferrin receptors, this formulation may improve the efficacy and safety of oxaliplatin therapy, compared to administration of oxaliplatin alone.
(Oxaliplatin-Encapsulated Transferrin-Conjugated N-glutaryl Phosphatidylethanolamine Liposome, NCI Thesaurus)
Upon oral administration of the oral rehydration solution (ORS), water, electrolytes and glucose are absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract into the systemic circulation.
(Oral Rehydration Solution OS-1, NCI Thesaurus)
