| Learning / English Dictionary |
CYTOPLASM
| Pronunciation (US): |  | (GB): | |
I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
The protoplasm of a cell excluding the nucleus; is full of proteins that control cell metabolism
Synonyms:
Classified under:
Hypernyms ("cytoplasm" is a kind of...):
living substance; protoplasm (the substance of a living cell (including cytoplasm and nucleus))
Meronyms (parts of "cytoplasm"):
cytoskeleton (a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence)
microsome (a tiny granule in the cytoplasm that is where protein synthesis takes place under the direction of mRNA)
dictyosome; Golgi apparatus; Golgi body; Golgi complex (a netlike structure in the cytoplasm of animal cells (especially in those cells that produce secretions))
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "cytoplasm"):
plasmodium (multinucleate sheet of cytoplasm characteristic of some stages of such organisms as slime molds)
cytoplast (the intact cytoplasmic content of a cell)
cytosol (the aqueous part of the cytoplasm within which various particles and organelles are suspended)
ectoplasm (the outer granule-free layer of cytoplasm)
endoplasm (the inner portion of the cytoplasm of a cell)
ground substance; hyaloplasm (the clear nongranular portion of the cytoplasm of a cell)
central body; centrosome (small region of cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus; contains the centrioles and serves to organize the microtubules)
sarcoplasm (the cytoplasm of a striated muscle fiber)
syncytium (a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei and enclosed in a membrane but no internal cell boundaries (as in muscle fibers))
Holonyms ("cytoplasm" is a part of...):
cell ((biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals)
Derivation:
cytoplasmatic; cytoplasmic (of or relating to cytoplasm)
cytoplastic (of or relating to a cytoplast)
Context examples:
The double membrane structure surrounding the mitochondrion and separating it from the cell cytoplasm.
(Mitochondrial Membrane, NCI Thesaurus)
Mitochondria participate in apoptotic signaling pathways through the release of mitochondrial proteins into the cytoplasm.
(Mitochondria in Apoptotic Signaling Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)
Morphology includes solid and rosetting, with scant to moderate cytoplasm, nuclear features of NE carcinoma or with immunophenotypic documentation
(Microinvasive Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Mouse Prostate Gland, NCI Thesaurus/MMHCC)
They carry the information from the DNA in the nucleus of the cell to the cytoplasm where the proteins are made.
(messenger RNA, NCI Dictionary)
The malignant cells are round with abundant cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei.
(Medullary breast carcinoma, NCI Thesaurus)
The tumor is composed of small round cells with scanty cytoplasm arranged in a trabecular pattern, or in ill-defined nodules or in a diffuse pattern.
(Merkel cell carcinoma, NCI Thesaurus)
A rare malignant neoplasm characterized by the presence of large epithelioid cells with abundant cytoplasm forming nests and pseudoalveolar structures.
(Alveolar soft part sarcoma, NCI Thesaurus)
Round to oval hypertrophic type II pneumocytes with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm line alveolar walls.
(Alveoli Epithelial Hyperplasia of the Mouse Pulmonary System, NCI Thesaurus/MMHCC)
An invasive adenocarcinoma characterized by focal or extensive transformation of the malignant glandular cells to cells with abundant, usually granular eosinophilic cytoplasm.
(Adenocarcinoma with Apocrine Metaplasia, NCI Thesaurus)
A pleomorphic cell of the pulmonary alveolar epithelium that secretes surfactant and is distinguished by abundant cytoplasm containing numerous lipid-rich multilamellar bodies.
(Alveolar Cell Type II, NCI Thesaurus)
