9. Dānasuttavaṇṇanā

98. Navame dānanti dātabbaṃ, savatthukā vā cetanā dānaṃ, sampattipariccāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Āmisadānanti cattāro paccayā deyyabhāvavasena āmisadānaṃ nāma. Te hi taṇhādīhi āmasitabbato āmisanti vuccanti. Tesaṃ vā pariccāgacetanā āmisadānaṃ. Dhammadānanti idhekacco ‘‘ime dhammā kusalā, ime dhammā akusalā, ime dhammā sāvajjā, ime dhammā anavajjā, ime viññugarahitā, ime viññuppasatthā; ime samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti, ime hitāya sukhāya saṃvattantī’’ti kusalākusalakammapathe vibhajanto kammakammavipāke idhalokaparaloke paccakkhato dassento viya pākaṭaṃ karonto akusalehi dhammehi nivattāpento, kusalesu dhammesu patiṭṭhāpento, dhammaṃ deseti, idaṃ dhammadānaṃ. Yo pana ‘‘ime dhammā abhiññeyyā , ime pariññeyyā, ime pahātabbā, ime sacchikātabbā, ime bhāvetabbā’’ti saccāni vibhāvento amatādhigamāya paṭipattidhammaṃ deseti, idaṃ sikhāppattaṃ dhammadānaṃ nāma. Etadagganti etaṃ aggaṃ. Yadidanti yaṃ idaṃ dhammadānaṃ vuttaṃ, etaṃ imesu dvīsu dānesu aggaṃ seṭṭhaṃ uttamaṃ. Vivaṭṭagāmidhammadānañhi nissāya sabbānatthato parimuccati, sakalaṃ vaṭṭadukkhaṃ atikkamati. Lokiyaṃ pana dhammadānaṃ sabbesaṃ dānānaṃ nidānaṃ sabbasampattīnaṃ mūlaṃ. Tenāha –

‘‘Sabbadānaṃ dhammadānaṃ jināti, sabbarasaṃ dhammaraso jināti;

Sabbaratiṃ dhammaratī jināti, taṇhakkhayo sabbadukkhaṃ jinātī’’ti. (dha. pa. 354) –

Abhayadānamettha dhammadāneneva saṅgahitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Sādhāraṇabhogitādhippāyena attanā paribhuñjitabbato catupaccayato sayameva abhuñjitvā paresaṃ saṃvibhajanaṃ āmisasaṃvibhāgo. Sādhāraṇabhogitādhippāyeneva attanā viditassa adhigatassa dhammassa appossukko ahutvā paresaṃ upadeso dhammasaṃvibhāgo. Catūhi paccayehi catūhi ca saṅgahavatthūhi paresaṃ anuggaṇhanaṃ anukampanaṃ āmisānuggaho. Vuttanayeneva dhammena paresaṃ anuggaṇhanaṃ anukampanaṃ dhammānuggaho. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Gāthāsu yamāhu dānaṃ paramanti yaṃ dānaṃ cittakhettadeyyadhammānaṃ uḷārabhāvena paramaṃ uttamaṃ, bhogasampattiādīnaṃ vā pūraṇato phalanato, parassa vā lobhamacchariyādikassa paṭipakkhassa maddanato hiṃsanato ‘‘parama’’nti buddhā bhagavanto āhu. Anuttaranti yaṃ dānaṃ cetanādisampattiyā sātisayapavattiyā aggabhāvena aggavipākattā ca uttararahitaṃ anuttarabhāvasādhanaṃ cāti āhu. Yaṃ saṃvibhāganti etthāpi ‘‘paramaṃ anuttara’’nti padadvayaṃ ānetvā yojetabbaṃ. Avaṇṇayīti kittayi, ‘‘bhojanaṃ, bhikkhave, dadamāno dāyako paṭiggāhakānaṃ pañca ṭhānāni detī’’tiādinā (a. ni. 5.37), ‘‘evaṃ ce, bhikkhave, sattā jāneyyuṃ dānasaṃvibhāgassa vipāka’’ntiādinā (itivu. 26) ca pasaṃsayi. Yathā pana dānaṃ saṃvibhāgo ca paramaṃ anuttarañca hoti, taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘aggamhī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha aggamhīti sīlādiguṇavisesayogena seṭṭhe anuttare puññakkhette sammāsambuddhe ariyasaṅghe ca. Pasannacittoti kammaphalasaddhāya ratanattayasaddhāya ca cittaṃ pasādento okappento. Cittasampattiyā hi khettasampattiyā ca parittepi deyyadhamme dānaṃ mahānubhāvaṃ hoti mahājutikaṃ mahāvipphāraṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘Natthi citte pasannamhi, appakā nāma dakkhiṇā;

Tathāgate vā sambuddhe, atha vā tassa sāvake’’ti. (vi. va. 804; netti. 95);

Viññūti sappañño. Pajānanti sammadeva dānaphalaṃ dānānisaṃsaṃ pajānanto. Ko na yajetha kāleti yuttappattakāle ko nāma dānaṃ na dadeyya? Saddhā, deyyadhammo, paṭiggāhakāti imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ sammukhibhūtakāleyeva hi dānaṃ sambhavati, na aññathā, paṭiggāhakānaṃ vā dātuṃ yuttakāle.

Evaṃ paṭhamagāthāya āmisadānasaṃvibhāgānuggahe dassetvā idāni dhammadānasaṃvibhāgānuggahe dassetuṃ ‘‘ye ceva bhāsantī’’ti dutiyagāthamāha. Tattha ubhayanti ‘‘bhāsanti suṇantī’’ti vuttā desakā paṭiggāhakāti ubhayaṃ. Ayaṃ panettha saṅkhepattho – ye sugatassa bhagavato sāsane saddhamme pasannacittā vimuttāyatanasīse ṭhatvā desenti paṭiggaṇhanti ca, tesaṃ desakapaṭiggāhakānaṃ so dhammadānadhammasaṃvibhāgadhammānuggahasaṅkhāto attho. Paramatthasādhanato paramo. Taṇhāsaṃkilesādisabbasaṃkilesamalavisodhanena visujjhati. Kīdisānaṃ? Ye appamattā sugatassa sāsane. Ye ca –

‘‘Sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ, kusalassa upasampadā;

Sacittapariyodapanaṃ, etaṃ buddhāna sāsana’’nti. (dī. ni. 2.90; dha. pa. 183) –

Saṅkhepato evaṃ pakāsite sammāsambuddhassa sāsane ovāde anusiṭṭhiyaṃ appamattā adhisīlasikkhādayo sakkaccaṃ sampādenti. Tesaṃ visujjhati, arahattaphalavisuddhiyā ativiya vodāyatīti.

Navamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.