10. Dasakamātikāvaṇṇanā

760. Dasakamātikā ‘‘dasa tathāgatassa tathāgatabalānī’’tiādinā ekeneva dasakena nikkhittā. Tattha dasāti gaṇanaparicchedo. Tathāgatassāti yathā vipassīādayo pubbakā isayo āgatā tathā āgatassa; yathā ca te gatā tathā gatassa. Tathāgatabalānīti aññehi asādhāraṇāni tathāgatasseva balāni; yathā vā pubbabuddhānaṃ balāni puññussayasampattiyā āgatāni tathā āgatabalānītipi attho. Tattha duvidhaṃ tathāgatassa balaṃ – kāyabalañca ñāṇabalañca. Tesu kāyabalaṃ hatthikulānusāreneva veditabbaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ porāṇehi –

Kāḷāvakañca gaṅgeyyaṃ, paṇḍaraṃ tambapiṅgalaṃ;

Gandhamaṅgalahemañca, uposathachaddantime dasāti. –

Imāni hi dasa hatthikulāni.

Tattha ‘kāḷāvaka’nti pakatihatthikulaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Yaṃ dasannaṃ purisānaṃ kāyabalaṃ taṃ ekassa kāḷāvakahatthino. Yaṃ dasannaṃ kāḷāvakānaṃ balaṃ taṃ ekassa gaṅgeyassa. Yaṃ dasannaṃ gaṅgeyyānaṃ taṃ ekassa paṇḍarassa. Yaṃ dasannaṃ paṇḍarānaṃ taṃ ekassa tambassa. Yaṃ dasannaṃ tambānaṃ taṃ ekassa piṅgalassa. Yaṃ dasannaṃ piṅgalānaṃ taṃ ekassa gandhahatthino. Yaṃ dasannaṃ gandhahatthīnaṃ taṃ ekassa maṅgalassa. Yaṃ dasannaṃ maṅgalānaṃ taṃ ekassa hemavatassa. Yaṃ dasannaṃ hemavatānaṃ taṃ ekassa uposathassa. Yaṃ dasannaṃ uposathānaṃ taṃ ekassa chaddantassa. Yaṃ dasannaṃ chaddantānaṃ taṃ ekassa tathāgatassa. Nārāyanasaṅkhātabalantipi idameva vuccati. Tadetaṃ pakatihatthīnaṃ gaṇanāya hatthikoṭisahassānaṃ, purisagaṇanāya dasannaṃ purisakoṭisahassānaṃ balaṃ hoti. Idaṃ tāva tathāgatassa kāyabalaṃ.

Ñāṇabalaṃ pana idha tāva pāḷiyaṃ āgatameva dasabalañāṇaṃ. Mahāsīhanāde (ma. ni. 1.146 ādayo) dasabalañāṇaṃ, catuvesārajjañāṇaṃ, aṭṭhasu parisāsu akampanañāṇaṃ, catuyoniparicchedakañāṇaṃ, pañcagatiparicchedakañāṇaṃ, saṃyuttake (saṃ. ni. 2.33-34) āgatāni tesattati ñāṇāni, sattasattati ñāṇānīti evaṃ aññānipi anekāni ñāṇasahassāni – etaṃ ñāṇabalaṃ nāma. Idhāpi ñāṇabalameva adhippetaṃ ñāṇañhi akampiyaṭṭhena upatthambhakaṭṭhena ca balanti vuttaṃ.

Yehi balehi samannāgatoti yehi dasahi ñāṇabalehi upeto samupeto. Āsabhaṃ ṭhānanti seṭṭhaṭṭhānaṃ uttamaṭṭhānaṃ; āsabhā vā pubbabuddhā, tesaṃ ṭhānanti attho. Api ca gavasatajeṭṭhako usabho, gavasahassajeṭṭhako vasabho; vajasatajeṭṭhako vā usabho, vajasahassajeṭṭhako vasabho; sabbagavaseṭṭho sabbaparissayasaho seto pāsādiko mahābhāravaho asanisatasaddehipi akampanīyo nisabho. So idha usabhoti adhippeto. Idampi hi tassa pariyāyavacanaṃ. Usabhassa idanti āsabhaṃ. Ṭhānanti catūhi pādehi pathaviṃ uppīḷetvā acalaṭṭhānaṃ. Idaṃ pana āsabhaṃ viyāti āsabhaṃ. Yatheva hi nisabhasaṅkhāto usabho usabhabalena samannāgato catūhi pādehi pathaviṃ uppīḷetvā acalaṭṭhānena tiṭṭhati, evaṃ tathāgatopi dasahi tathāgatabalehi samannāgato catūhi vesārajjapādehi aṭṭhaparisapathaviṃ uppīḷetvā sadevake loke kenaci paccatthikena paccāmittena akampiyo acalaṭṭhānena tiṭṭhati. Evaṃ tiṭṭhamāno ca taṃ āsabhaṃ ṭhānaṃ paṭijānāti, upagacchati, na paccakkhāti, attani āropeti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘āsabhaṃ ṭhānaṃ paṭijānātī’’ti.

Parisāsūti aṭṭhasu parisāsu. Sīhanādaṃ nadatīti seṭṭhanādaṃ abhītanādaṃ nadati, sīhanādasadisaṃ vā nādaṃ nadati. Ayamattho sīhanādasuttena dīpetabbo. Yathā vā sīho sahanato ca hananato ca sīhoti vuccati, evaṃ tathāgato lokadhammānaṃ sahanato parappavādānañca hananato sīhoti vuccati. Evaṃ vuttassa sīhassa nādaṃ sīhanādaṃ. Tattha yathā sīho sīhabalena samannāgato sabbattha visārado vigatalomahaṃso sīhanādaṃ nadati, evaṃ tathāgatasīhopi tathāgatabalehi samannāgato aṭṭhasu parisāsu visārado vigatalomahaṃso ‘‘iti rūpa’’ntiādinā nayena nānāvidhadesanāvilāsasampannaṃ sīhanādaṃ nadati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘parisāsu sīhanādaṃ nadatī’’ti.

Brahmacakkaṃ pavattetīti ettha brahmanti seṭṭhaṃ uttamaṃ visuddhaṃ. Cakkasaddo ca panāyaṃ –

Sampattiyaṃ lakkhaṇe ca, rathaṅge iriyāpathe;

Dāne ratanadhammūra, cakkādīsu ca dissati;

Dhammacakke idha mato, tañca dvedhā vibhāvaye.

‘‘Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, cakkāni yehi samannāgatānaṃ devamanussāna’’ntiādīsu (a. ni. 4.31) hi ayaṃ sampattiyaṃ dissati. ‘‘Heṭṭhā pādatalesu cakkāni jātānī’’ti (dī. ni. 2.35) ettha lakkhaṇe. ‘‘Cakkaṃva vahato pada’’nti (dha. pa. 1) ettha rathaṅge. ‘‘Catucakkaṃ navadvāra’’nti (saṃ. ni. 1.29) ettha iriyāpathe. ‘‘Dadaṃ bhuñja mā ca pamādo, cakkaṃ pavattaya sabbapāṇina’’nti (jā. 1.7.149) ettha dāne. ‘‘Dibbaṃ cakkaratanaṃ pāturahosī’’ti ettha ratanacakke. ‘‘Mayā pavattitaṃ cakka’’nti (su. ni. 562) ettha dhammacakke. ‘‘Icchāhatassa posassa cakkaṃ bhamati matthake’’ti (jā. 1.1.104; 1.5.103) ettha uracakke. ‘‘Khurapariyantena cepi cakkenā’’ti (dī. ni. 1.166) ettha paharaṇacakke. ‘‘Asanivicakka’’nti (dī. ni. 3.61; saṃ. ni. 2.162) ettha asanimaṇḍale. Idha panāyaṃ dhammacakke mato.

Taṃ pana dhammacakkaṃ duvidhaṃ hoti – paṭivedhañāṇañca desanāñāṇañca. Tattha paññāpabhāvitaṃ attano ariyaphalāvahaṃ paṭivedhañāṇaṃ; karuṇāpabhāvitaṃ sāvakānaṃ ariyaphalāvahaṃ desanāñāṇaṃ. Tattha paṭivedhañāṇaṃ uppajjamānaṃ uppannanti duvidhaṃ. Tañhi abhinikkhamanato yāva arahattamaggā uppajjamānaṃ , phalakkhaṇe uppannaṃ nāma; tusitabhavanato vā yāva mahābodhipallaṅke arahattamaggā uppajjamānaṃ, phalakkhaṇe uppannaṃ nāma; dīpaṅkarabyākaraṇato paṭṭhāya vā yāva arahattamaggā uppajjamānaṃ , phalakkhaṇe uppannaṃ nāma. Desanāñāṇampi pavattamānaṃ pavattanti duvidhaṃ. Tañhi yāva aññākoṇḍaññassa sotāpattimaggā pavattamānaṃ, phalakkhaṇe pavattaṃ nāma. Tesu paṭivedhañāṇaṃ lokuttaraṃ, desanāñāṇaṃ lokiyaṃ. Ubhayampi panetaṃ aññehi asādhāraṇaṃ buddhānaṃyeva orasañāṇaṃ.

Idāni yehi dasahi balehi samannāgato tathāgato āsabhaṃ ṭhānaṃ paṭijānāti, yāni āditova ‘‘dasa tathāgatassa tathāgatabalānī’’ti nikkhittāni, tāni vitthārato dassetuṃ katamāni dasa? Idha tathāgato ṭhānañca ṭhānatotiādimāha. Tattha ṭhānañca ṭhānatoti kāraṇañca kāraṇato. Kāraṇañhi yasmā tattha phalaṃ tiṭṭhati tadāyattavuttitāya uppajjati ceva pavattati ca, tasmā ṭhānanti vuccati. Taṃ bhagavā ‘‘ye ye dhammā yesaṃ yesaṃ dhammānaṃ hetū paccayā uppādāya taṃ taṃ ṭhāna’’nti ca ‘ye ye dhammā yesaṃ yesaṃ dhammānaṃ na hetū na paccayā uppādāya taṃ taṃ aṭṭhāna’nti ca pajānanto ṭhānañca ṭhānato aṭṭhānañca aṭṭhānato yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Yampīti yena ñāṇena. Idampi tathāgatassāti idampi ṭhānāṭṭhānañāṇaṃ tathāgatassa tathāgatabalaṃ nāma hotīti attho. Evaṃ sabbapadesu yojanā veditabbā.

Kammasamādānānanti samādiyitvā katānaṃ kusalākusalakammānaṃ; kammameva vā kammasamādānaṃ. Ṭhānaso hetusoti paccayato ceva hetuto ca. Tattha gatiupadhikālapayogā vipākassa ṭhānaṃ, kammaṃ hetu.

Sabbattha gāmininti sabbagatigāminiñca agatigāminiñca. Paṭipadanti maggaṃ. Yathābhūtaṃ pajānātīti bahūsupi manussesu ekameva pāṇaṃ ghātentesu ‘imassa cetanā nirayagāminī bhavissati, imassa tiracchānayonigāminī’ti iminā nayena ekavatthusmimpi kusalākusalacetanāsaṅkhātānaṃ paṭipattīnaṃ aviparītato sabhāvaṃ pajānāti.

Anekadhātunti cakkhudhātuādīhi kāmadhātuādīhi vā dhātūhi bahudhātuṃ. Nānādhātunti tāsaṃyeva dhātūnaṃ vilakkhaṇatāya nānappakāradhātuṃ. Lokanti khandhāyatanadhātulokaṃ. Yathābhūtaṃ pajānātīti tāsaṃ tāsaṃ dhātūnaṃ aviparītato sabhāvaṃ paṭivijjhati.

Nānādhimuttikatanti hīnādīhi adhimuttīhi nānādhimuttikabhāvaṃ.

Parasattānanti padhānasattānaṃ. Parapuggalānanti tato paresaṃ hīnasattānaṃ; ekatthameva vā etaṃ padadvayaṃ veneyyavasena pana dvedhā vuttaṃ. Indriyaparopariyattanti saddhādīnaṃ indriyānaṃ parabhāvañca aparabhāvañca vuḍḍhiñca hāniñcāti attho.

Jhānavimokkhasamādhisamāpattīnanti paṭhamādīnaṃ catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ, ‘‘rūpī rūpāni passatī’’tiādīnaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ vimokkhānaṃ, savitakkasavicārādīnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ samādhīnaṃ, paṭhamajjhānasamāpattiādīnañca navannaṃ anupubbasamāpattīnaṃ. Saṃkilesanti hānabhāgiyadhammaṃ. Vodānanti visesabhāgiyadhammaṃ. Vuṭṭhānanti yena kāraṇena jhānādīhi vuṭṭhahanti, taṃ kāraṇaṃ.

Pubbenivāsānussatinti pubbe nivutthakkhandhānussaraṇaṃ.

Cutūpapātanti cutiñca upapātañca.

Āsavānaṃ khayanti kāmāsavādīnaṃ khayasaṅkhātaṃ āsavanirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ.

Imānīti yāni heṭṭhā ‘‘dasa tathāgatassa tathāgatabalānī’’ti avoca, imāni tānīti appanaṃ karotīti. Evamettha anupubbapadavaṇṇanaṃ ñatvā idāni yasmā tathāgato paṭhamaṃyeva ṭhānāṭṭhānañāṇena veneyyasattānaṃ āsavakkhayādhigamassa ceva anadhigamassa ca ṭhānāṭṭhānabhūtaṃ kilesāvaraṇābhāvaṃ passati, lokiyasammādiṭṭhiṭhānadassanato niyatamicchādiṭṭhiṭhānābhāvadassanato ca. Atha nesaṃ kammavipākañāṇena vipākāvaraṇābhāvaṃ passati , tihetukapaṭisandhidassanato. Sabbatthagāminīpaṭipadāñāṇena kammāvaraṇābhāvaṃ passati, ānantariyakammābhāvadassanato. Evaṃ anāvaraṇānaṃ anekadhātunānādhātuñāṇena anukūladhammadesanatthaṃ cariyāvisesaṃ passati, dhātuvemattadassanato. Atha nesaṃ nānādhimuttikatāñāṇena adhimuttiṃ passati, payogaṃ anādiyitvāpi adhimuttivasena dhammadesanatthaṃ. Athevaṃ diṭṭhādhimuttīnaṃ yathāsatti yathābalaṃ dhammaṃ desetuṃ indriyaparopariyattañāṇena indriyaparopariyattaṃ passati, saddhādīnaṃ tikkhamudubhāvadassanato. Evaṃ pariññātindriyaparopariyattāpi panete sace dūre honti, atha jhānādipariññāṇena jhānādīsu vasībhūtattā iddhivisesena khippaṃ upagacchati. Upagantvā ca nesaṃ pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇena pubbajātibhāvanaṃ, dibbacakkhānubhāvato pattabbena cetopariyañāṇena sampatticittavisesaṃ passanto āsavakkhayañāṇānubhāvena āsavakkhayagāminiyā paṭipadāya vigatasammohattā āsavakkhayāya dhammaṃ deseti. Tasmā iminā anukkamena imāni dasabalāni vuttānīti veditabbāni. Ayaṃ tāva mātikāya atthavaṇṇanā.