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༎ ནམོ ཏསྶ བྷགཝཏོ ཨརཧཏོ སམྨཱསམྦུདྡྷསྶ༎
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa
ཁུདྡཀནིཀཱཡེ
Khuddakanikāye
ཁུདྡཀཔཱཋ-ཨཊྛཀཐཱ
Khuddakapāṭha-aṭṭhakathā
གནྠཱརམྦྷཀཐཱ
Ganthārambhakathā
བུདྡྷཾ སརཎཾ གཙྪཱམི།
Buddhaṃsaraṇaṃ gacchāmi;
དྷམྨཾ སརཎཾ གཙྪཱམི།
Dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi;
སངྒྷཾ སརཎཾ གཙྪཱམཱིཏི༎
Saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmīti.
ཨཡཾ སརཎགམནནིདྡེསོ ཁུདྡཀཱནཾ ཨཱདི།
Ayaṃ saraṇagamananiddeso khuddakānaṃ ādi.
ཨིམསྶ དཱནི ཨཏྠཾ པརམཏྠཛོཏིཀཱཡ ཁུདྡཀཊྛཀཐཱཡ ཝིཝརིཏུཾ ཝིབྷཛིཏུཾ ཨུཏྟཱནཱིཀཱཏུཾ ཨིདཾ ཝུཙྩཏི –
Imassa dāni atthaṃ paramatthajotikāya khuddakaṭṭhakathāya vivarituṃ vibhajituṃ uttānīkātuṃ idaṃ vuccati –
ཨུཏྟམཾ ཝནྡནེཡྻཱནཾ, ཝནྡིཏྭཱ རཏནཏྟཡཾ།
Uttamaṃ vandaneyyānaṃ, vanditvā ratanattayaṃ;
ཁུདྡཀཱནཾ ཀརིསྶཱམི, ཀེསཉྩི ཨཏྠཝཎྞནཾ༎
Khuddakānaṃ karissāmi, kesañci atthavaṇṇanaṃ.
ཁུདྡཀཱནཾ གམྦྷཱིརཏྟཱ, ཀིཉྩཱཔི ཨཏིདུཀྐརཱ།
Khuddakānaṃ gambhīrattā, kiñcāpi atidukkarā;
ཝཎྞནཱ མཱདིསེནེསཱ, ཨབོདྷནྟེན སཱསནཾ༎
Vaṇṇanā mādisenesā, abodhantena sāsanaṃ.
ཨཛྫཱཔི ཏུ ཨབྦོཙྪིནྣོ, པུབྦཱཙརིཡནིཙྪཡོ།
Ajjāpi tu abbocchinno, pubbācariyanicchayo;
ཏཐེཝ ཙ ཋིཏཾ ཡསྨཱ, ནཝངྒཾ སཏྠུསཱསནཾ༎
Tatheva ca ṭhitaṃ yasmā, navaṅgaṃ satthusāsanaṃ.
ཏསྨཱཧཾ ཀཱཏུམིཙྪཱམི, ཨཏྠསཾཝཎྞནཾ ཨིམཾ།
Tasmāhaṃ kātumicchāmi, atthasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ imaṃ;
སཱསནཉྩེཝ ནིསྶཱཡ, པོརཱཎཉྩ ཝིནིཙྪཡཾ༎
Sāsanañceva nissāya, porāṇañca vinicchayaṃ.
སདྡྷམྨབཧུམཱནེན, ནཱཏྟུཀྐཾསནཀམྱཏཱ།
Saddhammabahumānena, nāttukkaṃsanakamyatā;
ནཱཉྙེསཾ ཝམྦྷནཏྠཱཡ, ཏཾ སུཎཱཐ སམཱཧིཏཱཏི༎
Nāññesaṃ vambhanatthāya, taṃ suṇātha samāhitāti.
ཁུདྡཀཝཝཏྠཱནཾ
Khuddakavavatthānaṃ
ཏཏྠ ‘‘ཁུདྡཀཱནཾ ཀརིསྶཱམི, ཀེསཉྩི ཨཏྠཝཎྞན’’ནྟི ཝུཏྟཏྟཱ ཁུདྡཀཱནི ཏཱཝ ཝཝཏྠཔེཏྭཱ པཙྪཱ ཨཏྠཝཎྞནཾ ཀརིསྶཱམི། ཁུདྡཀཱནི ནཱམ ཁུདྡཀནིཀཱཡསྶ ཨེཀདེསོ, ཁུདྡཀནིཀཱཡོ ནཱམ པཉྩནྣཾ ནིཀཱཡཱནཾ ཨེཀདེསོ། པཉྩ ནིཀཱཡཱ ནཱམ –
Tattha ‘‘khuddakānaṃ karissāmi, kesañci atthavaṇṇana’’nti vuttattā khuddakāni tāva vavatthapetvā pacchā atthavaṇṇanaṃ karissāmi. Khuddakāni nāma khuddakanikāyassa ekadeso, khuddakanikāyo nāma pañcannaṃ nikāyānaṃ ekadeso. Pañca nikāyā nāma –
དཱིགྷམཛ྄ཛྷིམསཾཡུཏྟ, ཨངྒུཏྟརིཀཁུདྡཀཱ།
Dīghamajjhimasaṃyutta, aṅguttarikakhuddakā;
ནིཀཱཡཱ པཉྩ གམྦྷཱིརཱ, དྷམྨཏོ ཨཏྠཏོ ཙིམེ༎
Nikāyā pañca gambhīrā, dhammato atthato cime.
ཏཏྠ བྲཧྨཛཱལསུཏྟཱདཱིནི ཙཏུཏྟིཾས སུཏྟཱནི དཱིགྷནིཀཱཡོ། མཱུལཔརིཡཱཡསུཏྟཱདཱིནི དིཡཌྜྷསཏཾ དྭེ ཙ སུཏྟཱནི མཛ྄ཛྷིམནིཀཱཡོ། ཨོགྷཏརཎསུཏྟཱདཱིནི སཏྟ སུཏྟསཧསྶཱནི སཏྟ ཙ སུཏྟསཏཱནི དྭཱསཊྛི ཙ སུཏྟཱནི སཾཡུཏྟནིཀཱཡོ། ཙིཏྟཔརིཡཱདཱནསུཏྟཱདཱིནི ནཝ སུཏྟསཧསྶཱནི པཉྩ ཙ སུཏྟསཏཱནི སཏྟཔཉྙཱསཉྩ སུཏྟཱནི ཨངྒུཏྟརནིཀཱཡོ། ཁུདྡཀཔཱཋོ, དྷམྨཔདཾ, ཨུདཱནཾ, ཨིཏིཝུཏྟཀཾ, སུཏྟནིཔཱཏོ, ཝིམཱནཝཏྠུ, པེཏཝཏྠུ, ཐེརགཱཐཱ, ཐེརཱིགཱཐཱ, ཛཱཏཀཾ, ནིདྡེསོ, པཊིསམྦྷིདཱ , ཨཔདཱནཾ, བུདྡྷཝཾསོ, ཙརིཡཱཔིཊཀཾ, ཝིནཡཱབྷིདྷམྨཔིཊཀཱནི, ཋཔེཏྭཱ ཝཱ ཙཏྟཱརོ ནིཀཱཡེ ཨཝསེསཾ བུདྡྷཝཙནཾ ཁུདྡཀནིཀཱཡོ།
Tattha brahmajālasuttādīni catuttiṃsa suttāni dīghanikāyo. Mūlapariyāyasuttādīni diyaḍḍhasataṃ dve ca suttāni majjhimanikāyo. Oghataraṇasuttādīni satta suttasahassāni satta ca suttasatāni dvāsaṭṭhi ca suttāni saṃyuttanikāyo. Cittapariyādānasuttādīni nava suttasahassāni pañca ca suttasatāni sattapaññāsañca suttāni aṅguttaranikāyo. Khuddakapāṭho, dhammapadaṃ, udānaṃ, itivuttakaṃ, suttanipāto, vimānavatthu, petavatthu, theragāthā, therīgāthā, jātakaṃ, niddeso, paṭisambhidā , apadānaṃ, buddhavaṃso, cariyāpiṭakaṃ, vinayābhidhammapiṭakāni, ṭhapetvā vā cattāro nikāye avasesaṃ buddhavacanaṃ khuddakanikāyo.
ཀསྨཱ པནེས ཁུདྡཀནིཀཱཡོཏི ཝུཙྩཏི? བཧཱུནཾ ཁུདྡཀཱནཾ དྷམྨཀྑནྡྷཱནཾ སམཱུཧཏོ ནིཝཱསཏོ ཙ། སམཱུཧནིཝཱསཱ ཧི ‘‘ནིཀཱཡོ’’ཏི ཝུཙྩནྟི། ‘‘ནཱཧཾ, བྷིཀྑཝེ, ཨཉྙཾ ཨེཀནིཀཱཡམྤི སམནུཔསྶཱམི ཨེཝཾ ཙིཏྟཾ, ཡཐཡིདཾ, བྷིཀྑཝེ, ཏིརཙྪཱནགཏཱ པཱཎཱ (སཾ॰ ནི॰ ༣.༡༠༠)། པོཎིཀནིཀཱཡོ, ཙིཀྑལླིཀནིཀཱཡོ’’ཏི ཨེཝམཱདཱིནི ཙེཏྠ སཱདྷཀཱནི སཱསནཏོ ལོཀཏོ ཙ། ཨཡམསྶ ཁུདྡཀནིཀཱཡསྶ ཨེཀདེསོ། ཨིམཱནི སུཏྟནྟཔིཊཀཔརིཡཱཔནྣཱནི ཨཏྠཏོ ཝིཝརིཏུཾ ཝིབྷཛིཏུཾ ཨུཏྟཱནཱིཀཱཏུཉྩ ཨདྷིཔྤེཏཱནི ཁུདྡཀཱནི, ཏེསམྤི ཁུདྡཀཱནཾ སརཎསིཀྑཱཔདདྭཏྟིཾསཱཀཱརཀུམཱརཔཉྷམངྒལསུཏྟ- རཏནསུཏྟཏིརོཀུཊྚནིདྷིཀཎྜམེཏྟསུཏྟཱནཾ ཝསེན ནཝཔྤབྷེདོ ཁུདྡཀཔཱཋོ ཨཱདི ཨཱཙརིཡཔརམྤརཱཡ ཝཱཙནཱམགྒཾ ཨཱརོཔིཏཝསེན ན བྷགཝཏཱ ཝུཏྟཝསེན། བྷགཝཏཱ ཧི ཝུཏྟཝསེན –
Kasmā panesa khuddakanikāyoti vuccati? Bahūnaṃ khuddakānaṃ dhammakkhandhānaṃ samūhato nivāsato ca. Samūhanivāsā hi ‘‘nikāyo’’ti vuccanti. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekanikāyampi samanupassāmi evaṃ cittaṃ, yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā (saṃ. ni. 3.100). Poṇikanikāyo, cikkhallikanikāyo’’ti evamādīni cettha sādhakāni sāsanato lokato ca. Ayamassa khuddakanikāyassa ekadeso. Imāni suttantapiṭakapariyāpannāni atthato vivarituṃ vibhajituṃ uttānīkātuñca adhippetāni khuddakāni, tesampi khuddakānaṃ saraṇasikkhāpadadvattiṃsākārakumārapañhamaṅgalasutta- ratanasuttatirokuṭṭanidhikaṇḍamettasuttānaṃ vasena navappabhedo khuddakapāṭho ādi ācariyaparamparāya vācanāmaggaṃ āropitavasena na bhagavatā vuttavasena. Bhagavatā hi vuttavasena –
‘‘ཨནེཀཛཱཏིསཾསཱརཾ, སནྡྷཱཝིསྶཾ ཨནིབྦིསཾ།
‘‘Anekajātisaṃsāraṃ, sandhāvissaṃ anibbisaṃ;
གཧཀཱརཾ གཝེསནྟོ, དུཀྑཱ ཛཱཏི པུནཔྤུནཾ༎
Gahakāraṃ gavesanto, dukkhā jāti punappunaṃ.
‘‘གཧཀཱརཀ དིཊྛོསི, པུན གེཧཾ ན ཀཱཧསི།
‘‘Gahakāraka diṭṭhosi, puna gehaṃ na kāhasi;
སབྦཱ ཏེ ཕཱསུཀཱ བྷགྒཱ, གཧཀཱུཊཾ ཝིསངྑཏཾ།
Sabbā te phāsukā bhaggā, gahakūṭaṃ visaṅkhataṃ;
ཝིསངྑཱརགཏཾ ཙིཏྟཾ, ཏཎྷཱནཾ ཁཡམཛ྄ཛྷགཱ’’ཏི༎ (དྷ॰ པ॰ ༡༥༣-༡༥༤) –
Visaṅkhāragataṃ cittaṃ, taṇhānaṃ khayamajjhagā’’ti. (dha. pa. 153-154) –
ཨིདཾ གཱཐཱདྭཡཾ སབྦསྶཱཔི བུདྡྷཝཙནསྶ ཨཱདི། ཏཉྩ མནསཱཝ ཝུཏྟཝསེན, ན ཝཙཱིབྷེདཾ ཀཏྭཱ ཝུཏྟཝསེན། ཝཙཱིབྷེདཾ པན ཀཏྭཱ ཝུཏྟཝསེན –
Idaṃ gāthādvayaṃ sabbassāpi buddhavacanassa ādi. Tañca manasāva vuttavasena, na vacībhedaṃ katvā vuttavasena. Vacībhedaṃ pana katvā vuttavasena –
‘‘ཡདཱ ཧཝེ པཱཏུབྷཝནྟི དྷམྨཱ,
‘‘Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā,
ཨཱཏཱཔིནོ ཛྷཱཡཏོ བྲཱཧྨཎསྶ།
Ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa;
ཨཐསྶ ཀངྑཱ ཝཔཡནྟི སབྦཱ,
Athassa kaṅkhā vapayanti sabbā,
ཡཏོ པཛཱནཱཏི སཧེཏུདྷམྨ’’ནྟི༎ (ཨུདཱ॰ ༡; མཧཱཝ॰ ༡) –
Yato pajānāti sahetudhamma’’nti. (udā. 1; mahāva. 1) –
ཨཡཾ གཱཐཱ ཨཱདི། ཏསྨཱ ཡྭཱཡཾ ནཝཔྤབྷེདོ ཁུདྡཀཔཱཋོ ཨིམེསཾ ཁུདྡཀཱནཾ ཨཱདི, ཏསྶ ཨཱདིཏོ པབྷུཏི ཨཏྠསཾཝཎྞནཾ ཨཱརབྷིསྶཱམི།
Ayaṃ gāthā ādi. Tasmā yvāyaṃ navappabhedo khuddakapāṭho imesaṃ khuddakānaṃ ādi, tassa ādito pabhuti atthasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ ārabhissāmi.
ནིདཱནསོདྷནཾ
Nidānasodhanaṃ
ཏསྶ ཙཱཡམཱདི ‘‘བུདྡྷཾ སརཎཾ གཙྪཱམི, དྷམྨཾ སརཎཾ གཙྪཱམི, སངྒྷཾ སརཎཾ གཙྪཱམཱི’’ཏི། ཏསྶཱཡཾ ཨཏྠཝཎྞནཱཡ མཱཏིཀཱ –
Tassa cāyamādi ‘‘buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmī’’ti. Tassāyaṃ atthavaṇṇanāya mātikā –
‘‘ཀེན ཀཏྠ ཀདཱ ཀསྨཱ, བྷཱསིཏཾ སརཎཏྟཡཾ།
‘‘Kena kattha kadā kasmā, bhāsitaṃ saraṇattayaṃ;
ཀསྨཱ ཙིདྷཱདིཏོ ཝུཏྟ, མཝུཏྟམཔི ཨཱདིཏོ༎
Kasmā cidhādito vutta, mavuttamapi ādito.
‘‘ནིདཱནསོདྷནཾ ཀཏྭཱ, ཨེཝམེཏྠ ཏཏོ པརཾ།
‘‘Nidānasodhanaṃ katvā, evamettha tato paraṃ;
བུདྡྷཾ སརཎགམནཾ, གམཀཉྩ ཝིབྷཱཝཡེ༎
Buddhaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ, gamakañca vibhāvaye.
‘‘བྷེདཱབྷེདཾ ཕལཉྩཱཔི, གམནཱིཡཉྩ དཱིཔཡེ།
‘‘Bhedābhedaṃ phalañcāpi, gamanīyañca dīpaye;
དྷམྨཾ སརཎམིཙྩཱདི, དྭཡེཔེས ནཡོ མཏོ༎
Dhammaṃ saraṇamiccādi, dvayepesa nayo mato.
‘‘ཨནུཔུབྦཝཝཏྠཱནེ, ཀཱརཎཉྩ ཝིནིདྡིསེ།
‘‘Anupubbavavatthāne, kāraṇañca viniddise;
སརཎཏྟཡམེཏཉྩ, ཨུཔམཱཧི པཀཱསཡེ’’ཏི༎
Saraṇattayametañca, upamāhi pakāsaye’’ti.
ཏཏྠ པཋམགཱཐཱཡ ཏཱཝ ཨིདཾ སརཎཏྟཡཾ ཀེན བྷཱསིཏཾ, ཀཏྠ བྷཱསིཏཾ, ཀདཱ བྷཱསིཏཾ, ཀསྨཱ བྷཱསིཏཾ ཨཝུཏྟམཔིཙཱདིཏོ ཏཐཱགཏེན ཀསྨཱ ཨིདྷཱདིཏོ ཝུཏྟནྟི པཉྩ པཉྷཱ།
Tattha paṭhamagāthāya tāva idaṃ saraṇattayaṃ kena bhāsitaṃ, kattha bhāsitaṃ, kadā bhāsitaṃ, kasmā bhāsitaṃ avuttamapicādito tathāgatena kasmā idhādito vuttanti pañca pañhā.
ཏེསཾ ཝིསྶཛྫནཱ ཀེན བྷཱསིཏནྟི བྷགཝཏཱ བྷཱསིཏཾ, ན སཱཝཀེཧི, ན ཨིསཱིཧི, ན དེཝཏཱཧི། ཀཏྠཱཏི བཱརཱཎསིཡཾ ཨིསིཔཏནེ མིགདཱཡེ། ཀདཱཏི ཨཱཡསྨནྟེ ཡསེ སདྡྷིཾ སཧཱཡཀེཧི ཨརཧཏྟཾ པཏྟེ ཨེཀསཊྛིཡཱ ཨརཧནྟེསུ བཧུཛནཧིཏཱཡ ལོཀེ དྷམྨདེསནཾ ཀརོནྟེསུ། ཀསྨཱཏི པབྦཛྫཏྠཉྩ ཨུཔསམྤདཏྠཉྩ། ཡཐཱཧ –
Tesaṃ vissajjanā kena bhāsitanti bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ, na sāvakehi, na isīhi, na devatāhi. Katthāti bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye. Kadāti āyasmante yase saddhiṃ sahāyakehi arahattaṃ patte ekasaṭṭhiyā arahantesu bahujanahitāya loke dhammadesanaṃ karontesu. Kasmāti pabbajjatthañca upasampadatthañca. Yathāha –
‘‘ཨེཝཉྩ པན, བྷིཀྑཝེ, པབྦཱཛེཏབྦོ ཨུཔསམྤཱདེཏབྦོ། པཋམཾ ཀེསམསྶུཾ ཨོཧཱརེཏྭཱ ཀཱསཱཡཱནི ཝཏྠཱནི ཨཙྪཱདཱཔེཏྭཱ ཨེཀཾསཾ ཨུཏྟརཱསངྒཾ ཀཱརཱཔེཏྭཱ བྷིཀྑཱུནཾ པཱདེ ཝནྡཱཔེཏྭཱ ཨུཀྐུཊིཀཾ ནིསཱིདཱཔེཏྭཱ ཨཉྫལིཾ པགྒཎྷཱཔེཏྭཱ ‘ཨེཝཾ ཝདེཧཱི’ཏི ཝཏྟབྦོ ‘བུདྡྷཾ སརཎཾ གཙྪཱམི, དྷམྨཾ སརཎཾ གཙྪཱམི, སངྒྷཾ སརཎཾ གཙྪཱམཱི’’’ཏི (མཧཱཝ॰ ༣༤)།
‘‘Evañca pana, bhikkhave, pabbājetabbo upasampādetabbo. Paṭhamaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādāpetvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ kārāpetvā bhikkhūnaṃ pāde vandāpetvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīdāpetvā añjaliṃ paggaṇhāpetvā ‘evaṃ vadehī’ti vattabbo ‘buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmī’’’ti (mahāva. 34).
ཀསྨཱ ཙིདྷཱདིཏོ ཝུཏྟནྟི ཨིདཉྩ ནཝངྒཾ སཏྠུསཱསནཾ ཏཱིཧི པིཊཀེཧི སངྒཎྷིཏྭཱ ཝཱཙནཱམགྒཾ ཨཱརོཔེནྟེཧི པུབྦཱཙརིཡེཧི ཡསྨཱ ཨིམིནཱ མགྒེན དེཝམནུསྶཱ ཨུཔཱསཀབྷཱཝེན ཝཱ པབྦཛིཏབྷཱཝེན ཝཱ སཱསནཾ ཨོཏརནྟི, ཏསྨཱ སཱསནོཏཱརསྶ མགྒབྷཱུཏཏྟཱ ཨིདྷ ཁུདྡཀཔཱཋེ ཨཱདིཏོ ཝུཏྟནྟི ཉཱཏབྦཾ།
Kasmācidhādito vuttanti idañca navaṅgaṃ satthusāsanaṃ tīhi piṭakehi saṅgaṇhitvā vācanāmaggaṃ āropentehi pubbācariyehi yasmā iminā maggena devamanussā upāsakabhāvena vā pabbajitabhāvena vā sāsanaṃ otaranti, tasmā sāsanotārassa maggabhūtattā idha khuddakapāṭhe ādito vuttanti ñātabbaṃ.
ཀཏཾ ནིདཱནསོདྷནཾ།
Kataṃ nidānasodhanaṃ.