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HELPER CELL
| Pronunciation (US): |  | (GB): | |
I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
T cell with CD4 receptor that recognizes antigens on the surface of a virus-infected cell and secretes lymphokines that stimulate B cells and killer T cells; helper T cells are infected and killed by the AIDS virus
Synonyms:
CD4 cell; CD4 T cell; helper cell; helper T cell
Classified under:
Hypernyms ("helper cell" is a kind of...):
T cell; T lymphocyte (a small lymphocyte developed in the thymus; it orchestrates the immune system's response to infected or malignant cells)
Context examples:
HIV infection leads to drastic declines in CD4 T helper cells, in part through apoptosis of uninfected cells.
(HIV-I Nef in Apoptosis Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)
The investigators noted that mice with a DOCK8 deficiency had novel T follicular helper cells, not found in normal mice, that produced a unique combination of chemical messengers called cytokines.
(Scientists discover immune cell subtype in mice that drives allergic reactions, National Institutes of Health)
Upon vaccination, AE37 may activate the immune system and stimulate T-helper cells against HER2/Neu expressing cancer cells.
(AE37 Peptide/GM-CSF Vaccine, NCI Thesaurus)
This allele, which encodes mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 protein, is involved in the activation of nuclear transcription factors in response to environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines, stabilization of the p53 tumor suppressor protein and differentiation of T-helper cells.
(MAPK9 wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)
Jin Fu Kang may stimulate anti-tumor macrophage and natural killer cell activity and may enhance immune recognition of tumor cells by inhibiting the production of T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10).
(Jin Fu Kang, NCI Thesaurus)
Macrophages also present antigen to T helper cells that play a central role in coordinating immune responses.
(Inflammatory Response Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)
The Ii-Key moiety, a 4-amino acid (LRMK) epitope from the MHC class II-associated invariant chain (Ii protein), increases T-helper cell stimulation against HER2/neu antigen when compared to unmodified class II epitopes.
(AE37 Peptide/GM-CSF Vaccine, NCI Thesaurus)
An international team led by scientists at Columbia University set out to determine whether the fine particles in air pollution may alter DNA methylation in CD4+ T-helper cells, a type of circulating white blood cell involved in the inflammatory response.
(Combatting epigenetic effects from outdoor air pollution, NIH)
Investigators at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, the Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, and their collaborators discovered a subtype of T cell (link is external)s—called T follicular helper cell 13, or Tfh13 cells — in laboratory mice bred to have a rare genetic immune disease called DOCK8 immunodeficiency syndrome.
(Scientists discover immune cell subtype in mice that drives allergic reactions, National Institutes of Health)
T helper cells are required to stimulate B cell responses as well, with the cytokines IL-10, IL-4 and other cytokines regulating the clonal selection and differentiation of antigen-specific B cells to form antibody-secreting plasma B cells and memory cells.
(Inflammatory Response Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)
