8. Kalyāṇamittasuttavaṇṇanā

129. Aṭṭhame so ca kho kalyāṇamittassāti so cāyaṃ dhammo kalyāṇamittasseva svākkhāto nāma hoti, na pāpamittassāti. Kiñcāpi hi dhammo sabbesampi svākkhātova, kalyāṇamittassa pana sussūsantassa saddahantassa atthaṃ pūreti bhesajjaṃ viya vaḷañjantassa na itarassāti. Tenetaṃ vuttaṃ. Dhammoti cettha desanādhammo veditabbo.

Upaḍḍhamidanti thero kira rahogato cintesi – ‘‘ayaṃ samaṇadhammo nāma ovādake anusāsake kalyāṇamitte sati paccattapurisakāre ṭhitassa sampajjati, upaḍḍhaṃ kalyāṇamittato hoti, upaḍḍhaṃ paccattapurisakārato’’ti. Athassa etadahosi – ‘‘ahaṃ padesañāṇe ṭhito nippadesaṃ cintetuṃ na sakkomi, satthāraṃ pucchitvā nikkaṅkho bhavissāmī’’ti. Tasmā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā evamāha. Brahmacariyassāti ariyamaggassa. Yadidaṃ kalyāṇamittatāti yā esā kalyāṇamittatā nāma, sā upaḍḍhaṃ, tato upaḍḍhaṃ āgacchatīti attho. Iti therena ‘‘upaḍḍhupaḍḍhā sammādiṭṭhiādayo kalyāṇamittato āgacchanti, upaḍḍhupaḍḍhā paccattapurisakārato’’ti vuttaṃ. Kiñcāpi therassa ayaṃ manoratho, yathā pana bahūhi silāthambhe ussāpite, ‘‘ettakaṃ ṭhānaṃ asukena ussāpitaṃ, ettakaṃ asukenā’’ti vinibbhogo natthi, yathā ca mātāpitaro nissāya uppannesu puttesu ‘‘ettakaṃ mātito nibbattaṃ, ettakaṃ pitito’’ti vinibbhogo natthi, evaṃ idhāpi avinibbhogadhammo hesa, ‘‘ettakaṃ sammādiṭṭhiādīnaṃ kalyāṇamittato nibbattaṃ, ettakaṃ paccattapurisakārato’’ti na sakkā laddhuṃ, kalyāṇamittatāya pana upaḍḍhaguṇo labbhatīti therassa ajjhāsayena upaḍḍhaṃ nāma jātaṃ, sakalaguṇo paṭilabbhatīti bhagavato ajjhāsayena sakalaṃ nāma jātaṃ. Kalyāṇamittatāti cetaṃ pubbabhāgapaṭilābhaṅgaṃ nāmāti gahitaṃ. Atthato kalyāṇamittaṃ nissāya laddhā sīlasamādhivipassanāvasena cattāro khandhā. Saṅkhārakkhandhotipi vadantiyeva.

Mā hevaṃ, ānandāti, ānanda, mā evaṃ abhaṇi, bahussuto tvaṃ sekhapaṭisambhidappatto aṭṭha vare gahetvā maṃ upaṭṭhahasi, catūhi acchariyabbhutadhammehi samannāgato, tādisassa evaṃ kathetuṃ na vaṭṭati. Sakalameva hidaṃ, ānanda, brahmacariyaṃ, yadidaṃ kalyāṇamittatāti idaṃ bhagavā – ‘‘cattāro maggā cattāri phalāni tisso vijjā cha abhiññā sabbaṃ kalyāṇamittamūlakameva hotī’’ti sandhāyāha. Idāni vacībhedeneva kāraṇaṃ dassento kalyāṇamittassetantiādimāha. Tattha pāṭikaṅkhanti pāṭikaṅkhitabbaṃ icchitabbaṃ, avassaṃbhāvīti attho.

Idhāti imasmiṃ sāsane. Sammādiṭṭhiṃ bhāvetītiādīsu aṭṭhannaṃ ādipadānaṃyeva tāva ayaṃ saṅkhepavaṇṇanā – sammā dassanalakkhaṇā sammādiṭṭhi. Sammā abhiniropanalakkhaṇo sammāsaṅkappo. Sammā pariggahaṇalakkhaṇā sammāvācā. Sammā samuṭṭhāpanalakkhaṇo sammākammanto. Sammā vodāpanalakkhaṇā sammāājīvo. Sammā paggahalakkhaṇo sammāvāyāmo. Sammā upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇā sammāsati. Sammā samādhānalakkhaṇo sammāsamādhi.

Tesu ekekassa tīṇi kiccāni honti. Seyyāthidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi tāva aññehipi attano paccanīkakilesehi saddhiṃ micchādiṭṭhiṃ pajahati, nirodhaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karoti, sampayuttadhamme ca passati tappaṭicchādakamohavidhamanavasena asammohato. Sammāsaṅkappādayopi tatheva micchāsaṅkappādīni ca pajahanti, nirodhañca ārammaṇaṃ karonti. Visesato panettha sammādiṭṭhi sahajātadhamme sammā dasseti . Sammāsaṅkappo sahajātadhamme abhiniropeti, sammāvācā sammā pariggaṇhāti, sammākammanto sammā samuṭṭhāpeti, sammāājīvo sammā vodāpeti , sammāvāyāmo sammā paggaṇhāti, sammāsati sammā upaṭṭhāpeti, sammāsamādhi sammā dahati.

Apicesā sammādiṭṭhi nāma pubbabhāge nānākhaṇā nānārammaṇā hoti, maggakāle ekakkhaṇā ekārammaṇā. Kiccato pana sammādiṭṭhi dukkhe ñāṇantiādīni cattāri nāmāni labhati. Sammāsaṅkappādayopi pubbabhāge nānākhaṇā nānārammaṇā honti, maggakāle ekakkhaṇā ekārammaṇā. Tesu sammāsaṅkappo kiccato nekkhammasaṅkappotiādīni tīṇi nāmāni labhati. Sammāvācādayo tayo viratiyopi honti cetanāyopi, maggakkhaṇe pana viratiyova. Sammāvāyāmo sammāsatīti idampi dvayaṃ kiccato sammappadhānasatipaṭṭhānavasena cattāri nāmāni labhati. Sammāsamādhi pana pubbabhāgepi maggakkhaṇepi sammāsamādhiyeva.

Evaṃ tāva ‘‘sammādiṭṭhi’’ntiādinā nayena vuttānaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ ādipadānaṃyeva atthavaṇṇanaṃ ñatvā idāni bhāveti vivekanissitantiādīsu evaṃ ñātabbo. Bhāvetīti vaḍḍheti, attano cittasantāne punappunaṃ janeti, abhinibbattetīti attho. Vivekanissitanti vivekaṃ nissitaṃ, viveke vā nissitanti vivekanissitaṃ. Vivekoti vivittatā. Vivittatā cāyaṃ tadaṅgaviveko, vikkhambhana-samuccheda-paṭippassaddhi-nissaraṇavivekoti pañcavidho. Evametasmiṃ pañcavidhe viveke. Vivekanissitanti tadaṅgavivekanissitaṃ samucchedavivekanissitaṃ nissaraṇavivekanissitañca sammādiṭṭhiṃ bhāvetīti ayamattho veditabbo. Tathā hi ayaṃ ariyamaggabhāvanānuyutto yogī vipassanākkhaṇe kiccato tadaṅgavivekanissitaṃ, ajjhāsayato nissaraṇavivekanissitaṃ, maggakāle pana kiccato samucchedavivekanissitaṃ, ārammaṇato nissaraṇavivekanissitaṃ sammādiṭṭhiṃ bhāveti. Esa nayo virāganissitādīsu. Vivekatthā eva hi virāgādayo .

Kevalañcettha vossaggo duvidho pariccāgavossaggo ca pakkhandanavossaggo cāti. Tattha pariccāgavossaggoti vipassanākkhaṇe ca tadaṅgavasena, maggakkhaṇe ca samucchedavasena kilesappahānaṃ. Pakkhandanavossaggoti vipassanākkhaṇe tanninnabhāvena, maggakkhaṇe pana ārammaṇakaraṇena nibbānapakkhandanaṃ, tadubhayampi imasmiṃ lokiyalokuttaramissake atthavaṇṇanānaye vaṭṭati. Tathā hi ayaṃ sammādiṭṭhi yathāvuttena pakārena kilese ca pariccajati, nibbānañca pakkhandati.

Vossaggapariṇāminti iminā pana sakalena vacanena vossaggatthaṃ pariṇamantaṃ pariṇatañca, paripaccantaṃ paripakkañcāti idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti. Ayañhi ariyamaggabhāvanānuyutto bhikkhu yathā sammādiṭṭhi kilesapariccāgavossaggatthaṃ nibbānapakkhandanavossaggatthañca paripaccati, yathā ca paripakkā hoti, tathā naṃ bhāvetīti. Esa nayo sesamaggaṅgesu.

Āgammāti ārabbha sandhāya paṭicca. Jātidhammāti jātisabhāvā jātipakatikā. Tasmāti yasmā sakalo ariyamaggopi kalyāṇamittaṃ nissāya labbhati, tasmā. Handāti vavassaggatthe nipāto. Appamādaṃ pasaṃsantīti appamādaṃ vaṇṇayanti, tasmā appamādo kātabbo. Atthābhisamayāti atthapaṭilābhā. Aṭṭhamaṃ.