| Tipiṭaka / Tipiṭaka (English) / Aṅguttara Nikāya, English translation |
अङ्गुत्तर निकाय १०।८५
Aṅguttara Nikāya 10.85
Numbered Discourses 10.85
९। थेरवग्ग
9. Theravagga
9. Senior Bhikkhus
कत्थीसुत्त
Katthīsutta
A Boaster
एकं समयं आयस्मा महाचुन्दो चेतीसु विहरति सहजातियं। तत्र खो आयस्मा महाचुन्दो भिक्खू आमन्तेसि: “आवुसो भिक्खवे”ति।
Ekaṁ samayaṁ āyasmā mahācundo cetīsu viharati sahajātiyaṁ. Tatra kho āyasmā mahācundo bhikkhū āmantesi: “āvuso bhikkhave”ti.
At one time Venerable Mahācunda was staying in the land of the Cetīs at Sahajāti. There he addressed the bhikkhus: “Friends, bhikkhus!”
“आवुसो”ति खो ते भिक्खू आयस्मतो महाचुन्दस्स पच्चस्सोसुं। आयस्मा महाचुन्दो एतदवोच:
“Āvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato mahācundassa paccassosuṁ. Āyasmā mahācundo etadavoca:
“Friend,” they replied. Venerable Mahācunda said this:
“इधावुसो, भिक्खु कत्थी होति विकत्थी अधिगमेसु: ‘अहं पठमं झानं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपि, अहं दुतियं झानं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपि, अहं ततियं झानं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपि, अहं चतुत्थं झानं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपि, अहं आकासानञ्चायतनं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपि, अहं विञ्ञाणञ्चायतनं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपि, अहं आकिञ्चञ्ञायतनं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपि, अहं नेवसञ्ञानासञ्ञायतनं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपि, अहं सञ्ञावेदयितनिरोधं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपीऽति।
“Idhāvuso, bhikkhu katthī hoti vikatthī adhigamesu: ‘ahaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipi, ahaṁ dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipi, ahaṁ tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipi, ahaṁ catutthaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipi, ahaṁ ākāsānañcāyatanaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipi, ahaṁ viññāṇañcāyatanaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipi, ahaṁ ākiñcaññāyatanaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipi, ahaṁ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipi, ahaṁ saññāvedayitanirodhaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipī’ti.
“Take a bhikkhu who boasts and brags about their achievements: ‘I enter and emerge from the first jhāna, the second jhāna, the third jhāna, and the fourth jhāna. And I enter and emerge from the dimensions of infinite space, infinite consciousness, nothingness, and neither perception nor non-perception. And I enter and emerge from the cessation of perception and feeling.’
तमेनं तथागतो वा तथागतसावको वा झायी समापत्तिकुसलो परचित्तकुसलो परचित्तपरियायकुसलो समनुयुञ्जति समनुग्गाहति समनुभासति। सो तथागतेन वा तथागतसावकेन वा झायिना समापत्तिकुसलेन परचित्तकुसलेन परचित्तपरियायकुसलेन समनुयुञ्जियमानो समनुग्गाहियमानो समनुभासियमानो इरीणं आपज्जति विचिनं आपज्जति अनयं आपज्जति ब्यसनं आपज्जति अनयब्यसनं आपज्जति।
Tamenaṁ tathāgato vā tathāgatasāvako vā jhāyī samāpattikusalo paracittakusalo paracittapariyāyakusalo samanuyuñjati samanuggāhati samanubhāsati. So tathāgatena vā tathāgatasāvakena vā jhāyinā samāpattikusalena paracittakusalena paracittapariyāyakusalena samanuyuñjiyamāno samanuggāhiyamāno samanubhāsiyamāno irīṇaṁ āpajjati vicinaṁ āpajjati anayaṁ āpajjati byasanaṁ āpajjati anayabyasanaṁ āpajjati.
They’re pursued, pressed, and grilled by the Realized One, or by one of his disciples who has the jhānas, and is skilled in attainments, in the minds of others, and in the ways of another’s mind. Grilled in this way they get stuck or lose their way. They fall to ruin and disaster.
तमेनं तथागतो वा तथागतसावको वा झायी समापत्तिकुसलो परचित्तकुसलो परचित्तपरियायकुसलो एवं चेतसा चेतो परिच्च मनसि करोति: ‘किं नु खो अयमायस्मा कत्थी होति विकत्थी अधिगमेसु—अहं पठमं झानं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपि …पे… अहं सञ्ञावेदयितनिरोधं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपीऽति।
Tamenaṁ tathāgato vā tathāgatasāvako vā jhāyī samāpattikusalo paracittakusalo paracittapariyāyakusalo evaṁ cetasā ceto paricca manasi karoti: ‘kiṁ nu kho ayamāyasmā katthī hoti vikatthī adhigamesu—ahaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipi …pe… ahaṁ saññāvedayitanirodhaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipī’ti.
The Realized One or one of his disciples comprehends their mind and investigates: ‘Why does this venerable boast and brag about their achievements, saying, “I enter and emerge from the first jhāna … and the cessation of perception and feeling.”’
तमेनं तथागतो वा तथागतसावको वा झायी समापत्तिकुसलो परचित्तकुसलो परचित्तपरियायकुसलो एवं चेतसा चेतो परिच्च पजानाति: ‘दीघरत्तं खो अयमायस्मा खण्डकारी छिद्दकारी सबलकारी कम्मासकारी न सन्ततकारी न सन्ततवुत्ति सीलेसु। दुस्सीलो खो अयमायस्मा। दुस्सिल्यं खो पन तथागतप्पवेदिते धम्मविनये परिहानमेतं।
Tamenaṁ tathāgato vā tathāgatasāvako vā jhāyī samāpattikusalo paracittakusalo paracittapariyāyakusalo evaṁ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti: ‘Dīgharattaṁ kho ayamāyasmā khaṇḍakārī chiddakārī sabalakārī kammāsakārī na santatakārī na santatavutti sīlesu. Dussīlo kho ayamāyasmā. Dussilyaṁ kho pana tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye parihānametaṁ.
They understand, ‘For a long time this venerable’s deeds have been broken, tainted, spotty, and marred. Their deeds and behavior are inconsistent. This venerable is unethical, and unethical conduct means decline in the teaching and training proclaimed by the Realized One.
अस्सद्धो खो पन अयमायस्मा; अस्सद्धियं खो पन तथागतप्पवेदिते धम्मविनये परिहानमेतं।
Assaddho kho pana ayamāyasmā; assaddhiyaṁ kho pana tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye parihānametaṁ.
This venerable is unfaithful, and lack of faith means decline …
अप्पस्सुतो खो पन अयमायस्मा अनाचारो; अप्पसच्चं खो पन तथागतप्पवेदिते धम्मविनये परिहानमेतं।
Appassuto kho pana ayamāyasmā anācāro; appasaccaṁ kho pana tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye parihānametaṁ.
This venerable is unlearned and unpracticed, and lack of learning means decline …
दुब्बचो खो पन अयमायस्मा; दोवचस्सता खो पन तथागतप्पवेदिते धम्मविनये परिहानमेतं।
Dubbaco kho pana ayamāyasmā; dovacassatā kho pana tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye parihānametaṁ.
This venerable is hard to admonish, and being hard to admonish means decline …
पापमित्तो खो पन अयमायस्मा; पापमित्तता खो पन तथागतप्पवेदिते धम्मविनये परिहानमेतं।
Pāpamitto kho pana ayamāyasmā; pāpamittatā kho pana tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye parihānametaṁ.
This venerable has bad friends, and bad friends mean decline …
कुसीतो खो पन अयमायस्मा; कोसज्जं खो पन तथागतप्पवेदिते धम्मविनये परिहानमेतं।
Kusīto kho pana ayamāyasmā; kosajjaṁ kho pana tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye parihānametaṁ.
This venerable is lazy, and laziness means decline …
मुट्ठस्सति खो पन अयमायस्मा; मुट्ठस्सच्चं खो पन तथागतप्पवेदिते धम्मविनये परिहानमेतं।
Muṭṭhassati kho pana ayamāyasmā; muṭṭhassaccaṁ kho pana tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye parihānametaṁ.
This venerable is unmindful, and unmindfulness means decline …
कुहको खो पन अयमायस्मा; कोहञ्ञं खो पन तथागतप्पवेदिते धम्मविनये परिहानमेतं।
Kuhako kho pana ayamāyasmā; kohaññaṁ kho pana tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye parihānametaṁ.
This venerable is deceptive, and deceitfulness means decline …
दुब्भरो खो पन अयमायस्मा; दुब्भरता खो पन तथागतप्पवेदिते धम्मविनये परिहानमेतं।
Dubbharo kho pana ayamāyasmā; dubbharatā kho pana tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye parihānametaṁ.
This venerable is burdensome, and being burdensome means decline …
दुप्पञ्ञो खो पन अयमायस्मा; दुप्पञ्ञता खो पन तथागतप्पवेदिते धम्मविनये परिहानमेतंऽ।
Duppañño kho pana ayamāyasmā; duppaññatā kho pana tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye parihānametaṁ’.
This venerable is witless, and lack of wisdom means decline in the teaching and training proclaimed by the Realized One.’
सेय्यथापि, आवुसो, सहायको सहायकं एवं वदेय्य: ‘यदा ते, सम्म, धनेन धनकरणीयं अस्स, याचेय्यासि मं धनं। दस्सामि ते धनन्ऽति। सो किञ्चिदेव धनकरणीये समुप्पन्ने सहायको सहायकं एवं वदेय्य: ‘अत्थो मे, सम्म, धनेन। देहि मे धनन्ऽति। सो एवं वदेय्य: ‘तेन हि, सम्म, इध खनाहीऽति। सो तत्र खनन्तो नाधिगच्छेय्य। सो एवं वदेय्य: ‘अलिकं मं, सम्म, अवच; तुच्छकं मं, सम्म, अवच—इध खनाहीऽति। सो एवं वदेय्य: ‘नाहं तं, सम्म, अलिकं अवचं, तुच्छकं अवचं। तेन हि, सम्म, इध खनाहीऽति। सो तत्रपि खनन्तो नाधिगच्छेय्य। सो एवं वदेय्य: ‘अलिकं मं, सम्म, अवच, तुच्छकं मं, सम्म, अवच—इध खनाहीऽति। सो एवं वदेय्य: ‘नाहं तं, सम्म, अलिकं अवचं, तुच्छकं अवचं। तेन हि, सम्म, इध खनाहीऽति। सो तत्रपि खनन्तो नाधिगच्छेय्य। सो एवं वदेय्य: ‘अलिकं मं, सम्म, अवच, तुच्छकं मं, सम्म, अवच—इध खनाहीऽति। सो एवं वदेय्य: ‘नाहं तं, सम्म, अलिकं अवचं, तुच्छकं अवचं। अपि च अहमेव उम्मादं पापुणिं चेतसो विपरियायन्ऽति।
Seyyathāpi, āvuso, sahāyako sahāyakaṁ evaṁ vadeyya: ‘yadā te, samma, dhanena1 dhanakaraṇīyaṁ assa, yāceyyāsi maṁ dhanaṁ. Dassāmi te dhanan’ti. So kiñcideva dhanakaraṇīye samuppanne sahāyako sahāyakaṁ evaṁ vadeyya: ‘attho me, samma, dhanena. Dehi me dhanan’ti. So evaṁ vadeyya: ‘tena hi, samma, idha khanāhī’ti. So tatra khananto nādhigaccheyya. So evaṁ vadeyya: ‘alikaṁ maṁ, samma, avaca; tucchakaṁ maṁ, samma, avaca—idha khanāhī’ti. So evaṁ vadeyya: ‘nāhaṁ taṁ, samma, alikaṁ avacaṁ, tucchakaṁ avacaṁ. Tena hi, samma, idha khanāhī’ti. So tatrapi khananto nādhigaccheyya. So evaṁ vadeyya: ‘alikaṁ maṁ, samma, avaca, tucchakaṁ maṁ, samma, avaca—idha khanāhī’ti. So evaṁ vadeyya: ‘nāhaṁ taṁ, samma, alikaṁ avacaṁ, tucchakaṁ avacaṁ. Tena hi, samma, idha khanāhī’ti. So tatrapi khananto nādhigaccheyya. So evaṁ vadeyya: ‘alikaṁ maṁ, samma, avaca, tucchakaṁ maṁ, samma, avaca—idha khanāhī’ti. So evaṁ vadeyya: ‘nāhaṁ taṁ, samma, alikaṁ avacaṁ, tucchakaṁ avacaṁ. Api ca ahameva ummādaṁ pāpuṇiṁ cetaso vipariyāyan’ti.
Suppose one friend was to say to another: ‘My dear friend, when you need money for some payment, just ask me and I’ll give it.’ Then when some payment falls due, that friend says to their friend: ‘I need some money, my dear friend. Give me some.’ They’d say: ‘Well then, my dear friend, dig here.’ So they dig there, but don’t find anything. They’d say: ‘You lied to me, my dear friend, you spoke hollow words when you told me to dig here.’ They’d say: ‘My dear friend, I didn’t lie or speak hollow words. Well then, dig here.’ So they dig there as well, but don’t find anything. They’d say: ‘You lied to me, my dear friend, you spoke hollow words when you said dig here.’ They’d say: ‘My dear friend, I didn’t lie or speak hollow words. Well then, dig here.’ So they dig there as well, but don’t find anything. They’d say: ‘You lied to me, my dear friend, you spoke hollow words when you said dig here.’ They’d say: ‘My dear friend, I didn’t lie or speak hollow words. But I had gone mad, I was out of my mind.’
एवमेवं खो, आवुसो, भिक्खु कत्थी होति विकत्थी अधिगमेसु: ‘अहं पठमं झानं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपि, अहं दुतियं झानं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपि, अहं ततियं झानं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपि, अहं चतुत्थं झानं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपि, अहं आकासानञ्चायतनं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपि, अहं विञ्ञाणञ्चायतनं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपि, अहं आकिञ्चञ्ञायतनं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपि, अहं नेवसञ्ञानासञ्ञायतनं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपि, अहं सञ्ञावेदयितनिरोधं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपीऽति।
Evamevaṁ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu katthī hoti vikatthī adhigamesu: ‘ahaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipi, ahaṁ dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipi, ahaṁ tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipi, ahaṁ catutthaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipi, ahaṁ ākāsānañcāyatanaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipi, ahaṁ viññāṇañcāyatanaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipi, ahaṁ ākiñcaññāyatanaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipi, ahaṁ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipi, ahaṁ saññāvedayitanirodhaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipī’ti.
In the same way, take a bhikkhu who boasts and brags about their achievements: ‘I enter and emerge from the first jhāna … and the cessation of perception and feeling.’
तमेनं तथागतो वा तथागतसावको वा झायी समापत्तिकुसलो परचित्तकुसलो परचित्तपरियायकुसलो समनुयुञ्जति समनुग्गाहति समनुभासति। सो तथागतेन वा तथागतसावकेन वा झायिना समापत्तिकुसलेन परचित्तकुसलेन परचित्तपरियायकुसलेन समनुयुञ्जियमानो समनुग्गाहियमानो समनुभासियमानो इरीणं आपज्जति विचिनं आपज्जति अनयं आपज्जति ब्यसनं आपज्जति अनयब्यसनं आपज्जति।
Tamenaṁ tathāgato vā tathāgatasāvako vā jhāyī samāpattikusalo paracittakusalo paracittapariyāyakusalo samanuyuñjati samanuggāhati samanubhāsati. So tathāgatena vā tathāgatasāvakena vā jhāyinā samāpattikusalena paracittakusalena paracittapariyāyakusalena samanuyuñjiyamāno samanuggāhiyamāno samanubhāsiyamāno irīṇaṁ āpajjati vicinaṁ āpajjati anayaṁ āpajjati byasanaṁ āpajjati anayabyasanaṁ āpajjati.
They’re pursued, pressed, and grilled by the Realized One, or by one of his disciples … Grilled in this way they get stuck or lose their way. They fall to ruin and disaster.
तमेनं तथागतो वा तथागतसावको वा झायी समापत्तिकुसलो परचित्तकुसलो परचित्तपरियायकुसलो एवं चेतसा चेतो परिच्च मनसि करोति: ‘किं नु खो अयमायस्मा कत्थी होति विकत्थी अधिगमेसु—अहं पठमं झानं समापज्जामिपि …पे… अहं सञ्ञावेदयितनिरोधं समापज्जामिपि वुट्ठहामिपीऽति।
Tamenaṁ tathāgato vā tathāgatasāvako vā jhāyī samāpattikusalo paracittakusalo paracittapariyāyakusalo evaṁ cetasā ceto paricca manasi karoti: ‘kiṁ nu kho ayamāyasmā katthī hoti vikatthī adhigamesu—ahaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajjāmipi …pe… ahaṁ saññāvedayitanirodhaṁ samāpajjāmipi vuṭṭhahāmipī’ti.
The Realized One or one of his disciples comprehends their mind and investigates: ‘Why does this venerable boast and brag about their achievements, saying, “I enter and emerge from the first jhāna … and the cessation of perception and feeling.”’
तमेनं तथागतो वा तथागतसावको वा झायी समापत्तिकुसलो परचित्तपरियायकुसलो चेतसा चेतो परिच्च पजानाति: ‘दीघरत्तं खो अयमायस्मा खण्डकारी छिद्दकारी सबलकारी कम्मासकारी, न सन्ततकारी न सन्ततवुत्ति सीलेसु। दुस्सीलो खो अयमायस्मा; दुस्सिल्यं खो पन तथागतप्पवेदिते धम्मविनये परिहानमेतं।
Tamenaṁ tathāgato vā tathāgatasāvako vā jhāyī samāpattikusalo paracittapariyāyakusalo cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti: ‘Dīgharattaṁ kho ayamāyasmā khaṇḍakārī chiddakārī sabalakārī kammāsakārī, na santatakārī na santatavutti sīlesu. Dussīlo kho ayamāyasmā; dussilyaṁ kho pana tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye parihānametaṁ.
They understand, ‘For a long time this venerable’s deeds have been broken, tainted, spotty, and marred. Their deeds and behavior are inconsistent. This venerable is unethical, and unethical conduct means decline in the teaching and training proclaimed by the Realized One.
अस्सद्धो खो पन अयमायस्मा; अस्सद्धियं खो पन तथागतप्पवेदिते धम्मविनये परिहानमेतं।
Assaddho kho pana ayamāyasmā; assaddhiyaṁ kho pana tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye parihānametaṁ.
This venerable is unfaithful …
अप्पस्सुतो खो पन अयमायस्मा अनाचारो; अप्पसच्चं खो पन तथागतप्पवेदिते धम्मविनये परिहानमेतं।
Appassuto kho pana ayamāyasmā anācāro; appasaccaṁ kho pana tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye parihānametaṁ.
unlearned and unpracticed …
दुब्बचो खो पन अयमायस्मा; दोवचस्सता खो पन तथागतप्पवेदिते धम्मविनये परिहानमेतं।
Dubbaco kho pana ayamāyasmā; dovacassatā kho pana tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye parihānametaṁ.
hard to admonish …
पापमित्तो खो पन अयमायस्मा; पापमित्तता खो पन तथागतप्पवेदिते धम्मविनये परिहानमेतं।
Pāpamitto kho pana ayamāyasmā; pāpamittatā kho pana tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye parihānametaṁ.
with bad friends …
कुसीतो खो पन अयमायस्मा; कोसज्जं खो पन तथागतप्पवेदिते धम्मविनये परिहानमेतं।
Kusīto kho pana ayamāyasmā; kosajjaṁ kho pana tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye parihānametaṁ.
lazy …
मुट्ठस्सति खो पन अयमायस्मा; मुट्ठस्सच्चं खो पन तथागतप्पवेदिते धम्मविनये परिहानमेतं।
Muṭṭhassati kho pana ayamāyasmā; muṭṭhassaccaṁ kho pana tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye parihānametaṁ.
unmindful …
कुहको खो पन अयमायस्मा; कोहञ्ञं खो पन तथागतप्पवेदिते धम्मविनये परिहानमेतं।
Kuhako kho pana ayamāyasmā; kohaññaṁ kho pana tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye parihānametaṁ.
deceptive …
दुब्भरो खो पन अयमायस्मा; दुब्भरता खो पन तथागतप्पवेदिते धम्मविनये परिहानमेतं।
Dubbharo kho pana ayamāyasmā; dubbharatā kho pana tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye parihānametaṁ.
burdensome …
दुप्पञ्ञो खो पन अयमायस्मा; दुप्पञ्ञता खो पन तथागतप्पवेदिते धम्मविनये परिहानमेतंऽ।
Duppañño kho pana ayamāyasmā; duppaññatā kho pana tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye parihānametaṁ’.
This venerable is witless, and lack of wisdom means decline in the teaching and training proclaimed by the Realized One.’
सो वतावुसो, भिक्खु ‘इमे दस धम्मे अप्पहाय इमस्मिं धम्मविनये वुद्धिं विरूळ्हिं वेपुल्लं आपज्जिस्सतीऽति नेतं ठानं विज्जति। सो वतावुसो, भिक्खु ‘इमे दस धम्मे पहाय इमस्मिं धम्मविनये वुद्धिं विरूळ्हिं वेपुल्लं आपज्जिस्सतीऽति ठानमेतं विज्जती”ति।
So vatāvuso, bhikkhu ‘ime dasa dhamme appahāya imasmiṁ dhammavinaye vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjissatī’ti netaṁ ṭhānaṁ vijjati. So vatāvuso, bhikkhu ‘ime dasa dhamme pahāya imasmiṁ dhammavinaye vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjissatī’ti ṭhānametaṁ vijjatī”ti.
It’s quite impossible for a bhikkhu to achieve growth, improvement, or maturity in this teaching and training without giving up these ten qualities. It is quite possible for a bhikkhu to achieve growth, improvement, or maturity in this teaching and training after giving up these ten qualities.”
पञ्चमं।
Pañcamaṁ.
The authoritative text of the Aṅguttara Nikāya is the Pāli text. The English translation is provided as an aid to the study of the original Pāli text. [CREDITS »]
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