12. Kosiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yoeva garūnantiādikā āyasmato kosiyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā pasannacitto ucchukhaṇḍikaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule nibbatti, kosiyotissa gottavasena nāmaṃ akāsi. So viññutaṃ patto āyasmantaṃ dhammasenāpatiṃ abhiṇhaṃ upasaṅkamati, tassa santike dhammaṃ suṇāti. So tena sāsane paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjanto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.44.44-49) –

‘‘Nagare bandhumatiyā, dvārapālo ahosahaṃ;

Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, sabbadhammāna pāraguṃ.

‘‘Ucchukhaṇḍikamādāya buddhaseṭṭhassadāsahaṃ;

Pasannacitto sumano, vipassissa mahesino.

‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ ucchumadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ucchukhaṇḍassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā garuvāsaṃ sappurisūpanissayañca pasaṃsanto –

370.

‘‘Yo ve garūnaṃ vacanaññu dhīro, vase ca tamhi janayetha pemaṃ;

So bhattimā nāma ca hoti paṇḍito, ñatvā ca dhammesu visesi assa.

371.

‘‘Yaṃ āpadā uppatitā uḷārā, nakkhambhayante paṭisaṅkhayantaṃ;

So thāmavā nāma ca hoti paṇḍito, ñatvā ca dhammesu visesi assa.

372.

‘‘Yo ve samuddova ṭhito anejo, gambhīrapañño nipuṇatthadassī;

Asaṃhāriyo nāma ca hoti paṇḍito, ñatvā ca dhammesu visesi assa.

373.

‘‘Bahussuto dhammadharo ca hoti, dhammassa hoti anudhammacārī;

So tādiso nāma ca hoti paṇḍito, ñatvā ca dhammesu visesi assa.

374.

‘‘Atthañca yo jānāti bhāsitassa,

Atthañca ñatvāna tathā karoti;

Atthantaro nāma sa hoti paṇḍito,

Ñatvā ca dhammesu visesi assā’’ti. –

Imā pañca gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha yoti khattiyādīsu catūsu parisāsu yo koci. Veti byattaṃ. Garūnanti sīlādigaruguṇayuttānaṃ paṇḍitānaṃ. Vacanaññūti tesaṃ anusāsanīvacanaṃ jānanto, yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāno paṭipajjitvā ca tassa phalaṃ jānantoti attho. Dhīroti dhitisampanno. Vase ca tamhi janayetha pemanti tasmiṃ garūnaṃ vacane ovāde vaseyya yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjeyya, paṭipajjitvā ‘‘iminā vatāhaṃ ovādena imaṃ jātiādidukkhaṃ vītivatto’’ti tattha janayetha pemaṃ gāravaṃ uppādeyya. Idañhi dvayaṃ ‘‘garūnaṃ vacanaññu dhīro’’ti padadvayena vuttassevatthassa pākaṭakaraṇaṃ. Soti yo garūnaṃ vacanaññū dhīro, so yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipattiyā tattha bhattimā ca nāma hoti, jīvitahetupi tassa anatikkamanato paṇḍito ca nāma hoti. Ñatvā ca dhammesu visesi assāti tathā paṭipajjanto ca tāya eva paṭipattiyā catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ jānanahetu lokiyalokuttaradhammesu vijjāttayādivasena ‘‘tevijjo, chaḷabhiñño, paṭisambhidāpatto’’ti visesi visesavā siyāti attho.

Yanti yaṃ puggalaṃ paṭipattiyā antarāyakaraṇato ‘‘āpadā’’ti laddhavohārā sotuṇhakhuppipāsādipākaṭaparissayā ceva rāgādipaṭicchannaparissayā ca uppatitā uppannā, uḷārā balavantopi nakkhambhayante na kiñci cālenti. Kasmā? Paṭisaṅkhayantanti paṭisaṅkhāyamānaṃ paṭisaṅkhānabale ṭhitanti attho. Soti yo daḷhatarāhi āpadāhipi akkhambhanīyo, so thāmavā dhitimā daḷhaparakkamo nāma hoti. Anavasesasaṃkilesapakkhassa abhibhavanakapaññābalasamaṅgitāya paṇḍito ca nāma hoti. Tathābhūto ca ñatvā ca dhammesu visesi assāti taṃ vuttatthameva.

Samuddovaṭhitoti samuddo viya ṭhitasabhāvo. Yathā hi caturāsītiyojanasahassagambhīre sinerupādasamīpe mahāsamuddo aṭṭhahipi disāhi uṭṭhitehi pakativātehi aniñjanato ṭhito anejo gambhīro ca, evaṃ kilesavātehi titthiyavādavātehi ca akampanīyato ṭhito anejo. Gambhīrassa anupacitañāṇasambhārehi aladdhagādhassa nipuṇassa sukhumassa paṭiccasamuppādādiatthassa paṭivijjhanena gambhīrapañño nipuṇatthadassī. Asaṃhāriyo nāma ca hoti paṇḍito so tādiso puggalo kilesehi devaputtamārādīsu vā kenaci asaṃhāriyatāya asaṃhāriyo nāma hoti, yathāvuttena atthena paṇḍito ca nāma hoti. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Bahussutoti pariyattibāhusaccavasena bahussuto, suttageyyādi bahuṃ sutaṃ etassāti bahussuto. Tameva dhammaṃ suvaṇṇabhājane pakkhittasīhavasaṃ viya avinassantameva dhāretīti dhammadharo ca hoti. Dhammassa hoti anudhammacārīti yathāsutassa yathāpariyattassa dhammassa atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya navalokuttaradhammassa anurūpaṃ dhammaṃ pubbabhāgapaṭipadāsaṅkhātaṃ catupārisuddhisīladhutaṅgaasubhakammaṭṭhānādibhedaṃ carati paṭipajjatīti anudhammacārī hoti, ‘‘ajja ajjevā’’ti paṭivedhaṃ ākaṅkhanto vicarati. So tādiso nāma ca hoti paṇḍitoti yo puggalo yaṃ garuṃ nissāya bahussuto dhammadharo dhammassa ca anudhammacārī hoti. So ca tādiso tena garunā sadiso paṇḍito nāma hoti paṭipattiyā sadisabhāvato. Tathābhūto pana so ñatvā ca dhammesu visesi assa, taṃ vuttatthaṃva.

Atthañca yo jānāti bhāsitassāti yo puggalo sammāsambuddhena bhāsitassa pariyattidhammassa atthaṃ jānāti. Jānanto pana ‘‘idha sīlaṃ vuttaṃ, idha samādhi, idha paññā’’ti tattha tattha yathāvuttaṃ atthañca ñatvāna tathā karoti yathā satthārā anusiṭṭhaṃ, tathā paṭipajjati. Atthantaro nāma sa hoti paṇḍitoti so evarūpo puggalo atthantaro atthakāraṇā sīlādiatthajānanamattameva upanissayaṃ katvā paṇḍito hoti. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Ettha ca paṭhamagāthāya ‘‘yo ve garūna’’ntiādinā saddhūpanissayo visesabhāvo vutto, dutiyagāthāya ‘‘yaṃ āpadā’’ti ādinā vīriyūpanissayo, tatiyagāthāya ‘‘yo ve samuddova ṭhito’’tiādinā samādhūpanissayo, catutthagāthāya ‘‘bahussuto’’tiādinā satūpanissayo, pañcamagāthāya ‘‘atthañca yo jānātī’’tiādinā paññūpanissayo visesabhāvo vuttoti veditabbo.

Kosiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Pañcakanipātavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.