4. Kuṇḍadhānavaggo

1. Kuṇḍadhānattheraapadānavaṇṇanā

Sattāhaṃpaṭisallīnantiādikaṃ āyasmato kuṇḍadhānattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbatto vuttanayena bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ paṭhamaṃ salākaṃ gaṇhantānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetvā tadanurūpaṃ puññaṃ karonto vicari. So ekadivasaṃ padumuttarassa bhagavato nirodhasamāpattito vuṭṭhāya nisinnassa manosilācuṇṇapiñjaraṃ mahantaṃ kadaliphalakaṇṇikaṃ upanesi, taṃ bhagavā paṭiggahetvā paribhuñji. So tena puññakammena ekādasakkhattuṃ devesu devarajjaṃ kāresi. Catuvīsativāre ca rājā ahosi cakkavattī.

So evaṃ aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapabuddhakāle bhummadevatā hutvā nibbatti. Dīghāyukabuddhānañca nāma na anvaddhamāsiko uposatho hoti. Tathā hi vipassissa bhagavato chabbassantare chabbassantare uposatho ahosi, kassapadasabalo pana chaṭṭhe chaṭṭhe māse pātimokkhaṃ osāresi, tassa pātimokkhassa osāraṇakāle disāvāsikā dve sahāyakā bhikkhū ‘‘uposathaṃ karissāmā’’ti gacchanti. Ayaṃ bhummadevatā cintesi – ‘‘imesaṃ dvinnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ metti ativiya daḷhā, kiṃ nu kho bhedake sati bhijjeyya, na bhijjeyyā’’ti. Tesaṃ okāsaṃ olokayamānā tesaṃ avidūre gacchati.

Atheko thero ekassa hatthe pattacīvaraṃ datvā sarīravaḷañjanatthaṃ udakaphāsukaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā dhotahatthapādo hutvā gumbasamīpato nikkhamati. Bhummadevatā tassa therassa pacchato pacchato uttamarūpā itthī hutvā kese vidhunitvā saṃvidhāya bandhantī viya piṭṭhiyaṃ paṃsuṃ puñchamānā viya sāṭakaṃ saṃvidhāya nivāsayamānā viya ca hutvā therassa padānupadikā hutvā gumbato nikkhantā . Ekamante ṭhito sahāyakatthero taṃ kāraṇaṃ disvāva domanassajāto ‘‘naṭṭho dāni me iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṃ dīgharattānugato sineho, sacāhaṃ evaṃvidhabhāvaṃ jāneyyaṃ, ettakaṃ kālaṃ iminā saddhiṃ vissāsaṃ na kareyya’’nti cintetvā āgacchantaṃyeva naṃ ‘‘gaṇhāhāvuso, tuyhaṃ pattacīvaraṃ, tādisena pāpena saddhiṃ ekamaggena na gacchāmī’’ti āha. Taṃ kathaṃ sutvā tassa lajjibhikkhuno hadayaṃ tikhiṇasattiṃ gahetvā viddhaṃ viya ahosi. Tato naṃ āha – ‘‘āvuso, kinnāmetaṃ vadasi, ahaṃ ettakaṃ kālaṃ dukkaṭamattampi āpattiṃ na jānāmi, tvaṃ pana maṃ ajja ‘pāpo’ti vadasi, kiṃ te diṭṭhanti, kiṃ aññena diṭṭhena, kiṃ tvaṃ evaṃvidhena alaṅkatapaṭiyattena mātugāmena saddhiṃ ekaṭṭhāne hutvā nikkhanto’’ti? ‘‘Natthetaṃ, āvuso, mayhaṃ, nāhaṃ evarūpaṃ mātugāmaṃ passāmī’’ti tassa yāvatatiyaṃ kathentassāpi itaro thero kathaṃ asaddahitvā attanā diṭṭhakāraṇaṃyeva bhūtattaṃ katvā gaṇhanto tena saddhiṃ ekamaggena agantvā aññena maggena satthu santikaṃ gato. Itaropi bhikkhu aññena maggena satthu santikaṃyeva gato.

Tato bhikkhusaṅghassa uposathāgāraṃ pavisanavelāya so bhikkhu taṃ bhikkhuṃ uposathagge disvā sañjānitvā ‘‘imasmiṃ uposathagge evarūpo nāma pāpabhikkhu atthi, nāhaṃ tena saddhiṃ uposathaṃ karissāmī’’ti nikkhamitvā bahi aṭṭhāsi. Atha bhummadevatā ‘‘bhāriyaṃ mayā kammaṃ kata’’nti mahallakaupāsakavaṇṇena tassa santikaṃ gantvā – ‘‘kasmā, bhante, ayyo imasmiṃ ṭhāne ṭhito’’ti āha. ‘‘Upāsaka, imaṃ uposathaggaṃ eko pāpabhikkhu paviṭṭho, ‘ahaṃ tena saddhiṃ uposathaṃ na karomī’ti bahi ṭhitomhī’’ti. ‘‘Bhante, mā evaṃ gaṇhatha, parisuddhasīlo esa bhikkhu, tumhehi diṭṭhamātugāmo nāma ahaṃ. Mayā tumhākaṃ vīmaṃsanatthāya ‘daḷhā nu kho imesaṃ therānaṃ metti, no daḷhā’ti bhijjanābhijjanabhāvaṃ olokentena taṃ kammaṃ kata’’nti. ‘‘Ko pana tvaṃ, sappurisā’’ti? ‘‘Ahaṃ ekā bhummadevatā, bhante’’ti. Devaputto kathentoyeva dibbānubhāvena ṭhatvā therassa pādamūle patitvā ‘‘mayhaṃ, bhante, khamatha, therassa eso doso natthi, uposathaṃ karothā’’ti theraṃ yācitvā uposathaggaṃ pavesesi. So thero uposathaṃ tāva ekaṭṭhāne akāsi. Mittasanthavavasena pana puna tena saddhiṃ na ekaṭṭhāne vasi. Imassa therassa dosaṃ na kathesi. Aparabhāge cuditakatthero pana vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.

Bhummadevatā tassa kammassa nissandena ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ apāyato na muccittha. Sace pana kālena kālaṃ manussattaṃ āgacchati, aññena yena kenaci kato doso tasseva upari patati. So amhākaṃ bhagavato uppannakāle sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti, dhānamāṇavotissa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto tayo vede uggaṇhitvā mahallakakāle satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho sāsane pabbaji. Tassa upasampannadivasato paṭṭhāya ekā alaṅkatapaṭiyattā itthī tasmiṃ gāmaṃ pavisante saddhiṃyeva pavisati, nikkhamante nikkhamati, vihāraṃ pavisantepi saddhiṃ pavisati, tiṭṭhantepi tiṭṭhatīti evaṃ niccānubandhā paññāyati. Thero taṃ na passati. Tassa pana purimakammassa nissandena sā aññesaṃ upaṭṭhāsi.

Gāme yāgubhikkhaṃ dadamānā itthiyo, ‘‘bhante, ayaṃ eko yāguuḷuṅko tumhākaṃ, eko imissā amhākaṃ sahāyikāyā’’ti parihāsaṃ karonti. Therassa mahatī vihesā hoti. Vihāragatampi naṃ sāmaṇerā ceva daharabhikkhū ca parivāretvā ‘‘dhāno koṇḍo jāto’’ti parihāsaṃ karonti. Athassa teneva kāraṇena kuṇḍadhāno theroti nāmaṃ jātaṃ. So uṭṭhāya samuṭṭhāya tehi kariyamānaṃ keḷiṃ sahituṃ asakkonto ummādaṃ gahetvā ‘‘tumhe koṇḍā, tumhākaṃ upajjhāyo koṇḍo, ācariyo koṇḍo’’ti vadati. Atha naṃ satthu ārocesuṃ – ‘‘kuṇḍadhāno, bhante, daharasāmaṇerehi saddhiṃ evaṃ pharusavācaṃ vadatī’’ti. Satthā taṃ pakkosāpetvā ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, dhāna, daharasāmaṇerehi saddhiṃ pharusavācaṃ vadasī’’ti pucchi. Tena ‘‘saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti vutte – ‘‘kasmā evaṃ vadasī’’ti āha. ‘‘Bhante, nibaddhaṃ vihesaṃ sahituṃ asakkonto evaṃ kathemī’’ti . ‘‘Tvaṃ pubbe katakammaṃ yāvajjadivasā jīrāpetuṃ na sakkosi, puna evaṃ pharusavācaṃ mā vada bhikkhū’’ti vatvā āha –

‘‘Māvoca pharusaṃ kañci, vuttā paṭivadeyyu taṃ;

Dukkhā hi sārambhakathā, paṭidaṇḍā phuseyyu taṃ.

‘‘Sace neresi attānaṃ, kaṃso upahato yathā;

Esa pattosi nibbānaṃ, sārambho te na vijjatī’’ti. (dha. pa. 133-134) –

Imañca pana tassa therassa mātugāmena saddhiṃ vicaraṇabhāvaṃ kosalaraññopi kathayiṃsu. Rājā ‘‘gacchatha, bhaṇe, naṃ vīmaṃsathā’’ti pesetvā sayampi mandeneva parivārena saddhiṃ therassa santikaṃ gantvā ekamante olokento aṭṭhāsi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe thero sūcikammaṃ karonto nisinno hoti. Sāpi itthī avidūre ṭhāne ṭhitā viya paññāyati.

Rājā taṃ disvā ‘‘atthi taṃ kāraṇa’’nti tassā ṭhitaṭṭhānaṃ agamāsi. Sā tasmiṃ āgacchante therassa vasanapaṇṇasālaṃ paviṭṭhā viya ahosi. Rājāpi tāya saddhiṃ eva paṇṇasālāyaṃ pavisitvā sabbattha olokento adisvā ‘‘nāyaṃ mātugāmo, therassa eko kammavipāko’’ti saññaṃ katvā paṭhamaṃ therassa samīpena gacchantopi theraṃ avanditvā tassa kāraṇassa abhūtabhāvaṃ ñatvā paṇṇasālato nikkhamitvā theraṃ vanditvā ekamante nisinno ‘‘kacci, bhante, piṇḍakena na kilamathā’’ti pucchi. Thero ‘‘vaṭṭati, mahārājā’’ti āha. ‘‘Jānāmahaṃ, bhante, ayyassa kathaṃ, evarūpenupakkilesena saddhiṃ carantānaṃ tumhākaṃ ke nāma pasīdissanti, ito paṭṭhāya vo katthaci gamanakiccaṃ natthi. Ahaṃ catūhi paccayehi upaṭṭhahissāmi, tumhe yonisomanasikāre mā pamajjitthā’’ti vatvā nibaddhabhikkhaṃ paṭṭhapesi. Thero rājānaṃ upatthambhakaṃ labhitvā bhojanasappāyena ekaggacitto hutvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tato paṭṭhāya sā itthī antaradhāyi.

Tadā mahāsubhaddā ugganagare micchādiṭṭhikule vasamānā ‘‘satthā maṃ anukampatū’’ti uposathaṅgaṃ adhiṭṭhāya nirāmagandhā hutvā uparipāsādatale ṭhitā ‘‘imāni pupphāni antare aṭṭhatvā dasabalassa matthake vitānaṃ hutvā tiṭṭhantu, dasabalo imāya saññāya sve pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ mayhaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhatū’’ti saccakiriyaṃ katvā aṭṭha sumanapupphamuṭṭhiyo vissajjesi. Pupphāni gantvā dhammadesanāvelāya satthu matthake vitānaṃ hutvā aṭṭhaṃsu. Satthā taṃ sumanapupphavitānaṃ disvā citteneva subhaddāya bhikkhaṃ adhivāsetvā punadivase aruṇe uṭṭhite ānandattheraṃ āha – ‘‘ānanda, mayaṃ ajja dūraṃ bhikkhācāraṃ gamissāma, puthujjanānaṃ adatvā ariyānaṃyeva salākaṃ dehī’’ti. Thero bhikkhūnaṃ ārocesi – ‘‘āvuso, satthā ajja dūraṃ bhikkhācāraṃ gamissati. Puthujjanā mā gaṇhantu, ariyāva salākaṃ gaṇhantū’’ti. Kuṇḍadhānatthero – ‘‘āharāvuso, salāka’’nti paṭhamaṃyeva hatthaṃ pasāresi. Ānando ‘‘satthā tādisānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ salākaṃ na dāpeti, ariyānaṃyeva dāpetī’’ti vitakkaṃ uppādetvā gantvā satthu ārocesi. Satthā ‘‘āharāpentassa salākaṃ dehī’’ti āha. Thero cintesi – ‘‘sace kuṇḍadhānassa salākā dātuṃ na yuttā, atha satthā paṭibāheyya, bhavissati ettha kāraṇa’’nti ‘‘kuṇḍadhānassa salākaṃ dassāmī’’ti gamanaṃ abhinīhari. Kuṇḍadhāno tassa purāgamanā eva abhiññāpādakaṃ catutthajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā iddhiyā ākāse ṭhatvā ‘‘āharāvuso ānanda, satthā maṃ jānāti, mādisaṃ bhikkhuṃ paṭhamaṃ salākaṃ gaṇhantaṃ na satthā vāretī’’ti hatthaṃ pasāretvā salākaṃ gaṇhi. Satthā taṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā theraṃ imasmiṃ sāsane paṭhamaṃ salākaṃ gaṇhantānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Yasmā ayaṃ thero rājānaṃ upatthambhaṃ labhitvā sappāyāhārapaṭilābhena samāhitacitto vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto upanissayasampannatāya chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Evaṃbhūtassāpi imassa therassa guṇe ajānantā ye puthujjanā bhikkhū ‘‘ayaṃ paṭhamaṃ salākaṃ gaṇhati, kiṃ nu kho eta’’nti vimatiṃ uppādenti. Tesaṃ taṃ vimatividhamanatthaṃ thero ākāsaṃ abbhuggantvā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ dassetvā aññāpadesena aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘pañca chinde’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

1. Evaṃ so pūritapuññasambhārānurūpena arahā hutvā pattaetadaggaṭṭhāno attano pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassavasena pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento sattāhaṃ paṭisallīnantiādimāha. Tattha satthāhaṃ sattadivasaṃ nirodhasamāpattivihārena paṭisallīnaṃ vivekabhūtanti attho. Sesaṃ uttānatthamevāti.

Kuṇḍadhānattheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā.