5. Māghasuttavaṇṇanā

Evaṃme sutanti māghasuttaṃ. Kā uppatti? Ayameva yāssa nidāne vuttā. Ayañhi māgho māṇavo dāyako ahosi dānapati. Tassetadahosi – ‘‘sampattakapaṇaddhikādīnaṃ dānaṃ dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ hoti, udāhu noti samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ etamatthaṃ pucchissāmi, samaṇo kira gotamo atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ jānātī’’ti. So bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pucchi. Bhagavā cassa pucchānurūpaṃ byākāsi. Tayidaṃ saṅgītikārānaṃ brāhmaṇassa bhagavatoti tiṇṇampi vacanaṃ samodhānetvā ‘‘māghasutta’’nti vuccati.

Tattha rājagaheti evaṃnāmake nagare. Tañhi mandhātumahāgovindādīhi pariggahitattā ‘‘rājagaha’’nti vuccati. Aññepettha pakāre vaṇṇayanti. Kiṃ tehi, nāmametaṃ tassa nagarassa? Taṃ panetaṃ buddhakāle ca cakkavattikāle ca nagaraṃ hoti, sesakāle suññaṃ hoti yakkhapariggahitaṃ, tesaṃ vasantavanaṃ hutvā tiṭṭhati. Evaṃ gocaragāmaṃ dassetvā nivāsaṭṭhānamāha – ‘‘gijjhakūṭe pabbate’’ti. So ca gijjhā tassa kūṭesu vasiṃsu, gijjhasadisāni vāssa kūṭāni, tasmā ‘‘gijjhakūṭo’’ti vuccatīti veditabbo.

Atha kho…pe… avocāti ettha māghoti tassa brāhmaṇassa nāmaṃ. Māṇavoti antevāsivāsaṃ anatītabhāvena vuccati, jātiyā pana mahallako. ‘‘Pubbāciṇṇavasenā’’ti eke piṅgiyo māṇavo viya. So hi vīsavassasatikopi pubbāciṇṇavasena ‘‘piṅgiyo māṇavo’’ tveva saṅkhaṃ agamāsi. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Ahañhi, bho gotama…pe… pasavāmīti ettha dāyako dānapatīti dāyako ceva dānapati ca. Yo hi aññassa santakaṃ tenāṇatto deti, sopi dāyako hoti, tasmiṃ pana dāne issariyābhāvato na dānapati. Ayaṃ pana attano santakaṃyeva deti. Tenāha – ‘‘ahañhi, bho gotama , dāyako dānapatī’’ti. Ayameva hi ettha attho, aññatra pana antarantarā maccherena abhibhuyyamāno dāyako anabhibhūto dānapatītiādināpi nayena vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Vadaññūti yācakānaṃ vacanaṃ jānāmi vuttamatteyeva ‘‘ayamidamarahati ayamida’’nti purisavisesāvadhāraṇena bahūpakārabhāvagahaṇena vā. Yācayogoti yācituṃ yutto. Yo hi yācake disvāva bhakuṭiṃ katvā pharusavacanādīni bhaṇati, so na yācayogo hoti. Ahaṃ pana na tādisoti dīpeti. Dhammenāti adinnādānanikativañcanādīni vajjetvā bhikkhācariyāya, yācanāyāti attho. Yācanā hi brāhmaṇānaṃ bhogapariyesane dhammo, yācamānānañca nesaṃ parehi anuggahakāmehi dinnā bhogā dhammaladdhā nāma dhammādhigatā ca honti, so ca tathā pariyesitvā labhi. Tenāha – ‘‘dhammena bhoge pariyesāmi…pe… dhammādhigatehī’’ti. Bhiyyopi dadāmīti tato uttaripi dadāmi, pamāṇaṃ natthi, ettha laddhabhogappamāṇena dadāmīti dasseti.

Tagghāti ekaṃsavacane nipāto. Ekaṃseneva hi sabbabuddhapaccekabuddhasāvakehi pasatthaṃ dānaṃ antamaso tiracchānagatānampi dīyamānaṃ. Vuttañcetaṃ ‘‘sabbattha vaṇṇitaṃ dānaṃ, na dānaṃ garahitaṃ kvacī’’ti. Tasmā bhagavāpi ekaṃseneva taṃ pasaṃsanto āha – ‘‘taggha tvaṃ māṇava…pe… pasavasī’’ti. Sesaṃ uttānatthameva. Evaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘bahuṃ so puññaṃ pasavatī’’ti vuttepi dakkhiṇeyyato dakkhiṇāvisuddhiṃ sotukāmo brāhmaṇo uttari bhagavantaṃ pucchi. Tenāhu saṅgītikārā – ‘‘atha kho māgho māṇavo bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsī’’ti. Taṃ atthato vuttanayameva.

492.Pucchāmahantiādigāthāsu pana vadaññunti vacanaviduṃ, sabbākārena sattānaṃ vuttavacanādhippāyaññunti vuttaṃ hoti. Sujjheti dakkhiṇeyyavasena suddhaṃ mahapphalaṃ bhaveyya. Yojanā panettha – yo yācayogo dānapati gahaṭṭho puññatthiko hutvā paresaṃ annapānaṃ dadaṃ yajati, na aggimhi āhutimattaṃ pakkhipanto, tañca kho puññapekkhova na paccupakārakalyāṇakittisaddādiapekkho, tassa evarūpassa yajamānassa hutaṃ kathaṃ sujjheyyāti?

493.Ārādhaye dakkhiṇeyyebhi tādīti tādiso yācayogo dakkhiṇeyyehi ārādhaye sampādaye sodhaye, mahapphalaṃ taṃ hutaṃ kareyya, na aññathāti attho. Imināssa ‘‘kathaṃ hutaṃ yajamānassa sujjhe’’ iccetaṃ byākataṃ hoti.

494.Akkhāhi me bhagavā dakkhiṇeyyeti ettha yo yācayogo dadaṃ paresaṃ yajati, tassa me bhagavā dakkhiṇeyye akkhāhīti evaṃ yojanā veditabbā.

495. Athassa bhagavā nānappakārehi nayehi dakkhiṇeyye pakāsento ‘‘ye ve asattā’’tiādikā gāthāyo abhāsi. Tattha asattāti rāgādisaṅgavasena alaggā. Kevalinoti pariniṭṭhitakiccā. Yatattāti guttacittā.

496-7.Dantā anuttarena damathena, vimuttā paññācetovimuttīhi, anīghā āyatiṃ vaṭṭadukkhābhāvena, nirāsā sampati kilesābhāvena. Imissā pana gāthāya dutiyagāthā bhāvanānubhāvappakāsananayena vuttāti veditabbā. ‘‘Bhāvanānuyogamanuyuttassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno viharato kiñcāpi na evaṃ icchā uppajjeyya ‘aho vata me anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimucceyyā’ti (a. ni. 7.71), atha khvāssa anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuccatī’’ti idaṃ cettha suttaṃ sādhakaṃ.

498-502.Rāgañca…pe… yesu na māyā…pe… na taṇhāsu upātipannāti kāmataṇhādīsu nādhimuttā. Vitareyyāti vitaritvā. Taṇhāti rūpataṇhādichabbidhā . Bhavābhavāyāti sassatāya vā ucchedāya vā. Atha vā bhavassa abhavāya bhavābhavāya, punabbhavābhinibbattiyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Idha vā huraṃ vāti idaṃ pana ‘‘kuhiñci loke’’ti imassa vitthāravacanaṃ.

504.Yevītarāgā…pe… samitāvinoti samitavanto, kilesavūpasamakārinoti attho. Samitāvitattā ca vītarāgā akopā. Idha vippahāyāti idhaloke vattamāne khandhe vihāya, tato paraṃ yesaṃ gamanaṃ natthīti vuttaṃ hoti. Ito paraṃ ‘‘ye kāme hitvā agahā caranti, susaññatattā tasaraṃva ujju’’nti imampi gāthaṃ keci paṭhanti.

506-8.Jahitvāti hitvā. ‘‘Jahitvānā’’tipi pāṭho, ayamevattho. Attadīpāti attano guṇe eva attano dīpaṃ katvā vicarantā khīṇāsavā vuccanti. Ye hetthāti hakāro nipāto padapūraṇamatte. Ayaṃ panattho – ye ettha khandhāyatanādisantāne yathā idaṃ khandhāyatanādi tathā jānanti, yaṃsabhāvaṃ taṃsabhāvaṃyeva sañjānanti aniccādivasena jānantā. Ayamantimā natthi punabbhavoti ayaṃ no antimā jāti, idāni natthi punabbhavoti evañca ye jānantīti.

509. Yo vedagūti idāni attānaṃ sandhāya bhagavā imaṃ gāthamāha. Tattha satimāti chasatatavihārasatiyā samannāgato. Sambodhipattoti sabbaññutaṃ patto. Saraṇaṃ bahūnanti bahūnaṃ devamanussānaṃ bhayavihiṃsanena saraṇabhūto.

510. Evaṃ dakkhiṇeyye sutvā attamano brāhmaṇo āha – ‘‘addhā amoghā’’ti. Tattha tvañhettha jānāsi yathā tathā idanti tvañhi ettha loke idaṃ sabbampi ñeyyaṃ yathā tathā jānāsi yāthāvato jānāsi, yādisaṃ taṃ tādisameva jānāsīti vuttaṃ hoti. Tathā hi te vidito esa dhammoti tathā hi te esā dhammadhātu suppaṭividdhā, yassā suppaṭividdhatā yaṃ yaṃ icchasi, taṃ taṃ jānāsīti adhippāyo.

511. Evaṃ so brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ pasaṃsitvā dakkhiṇeyyasampadāya yaññasampadaṃ ñatvā dāyakasampadāyapi taṃ chaḷaṅgaparipūraṃ yaññasampadaṃ sotukāmo ‘‘yo yācayogo’’ti uttaripañhaṃ pucchi. Tatrāyaṃ yojanā – yo yācayogo dadaṃ paresaṃ yajati, tassa akkhāhi me bhagavā yaññasampadanti.

512. Athassa bhagavā dvīhi gāthāhi akkhāsi. Tatthāyaṃ atthayojanā – yajassu māgha, yajamāno ca sabbattha vippasādehi cittaṃ, tīsupi kālesu cittaṃ pasādehi. Evaṃ te yāyaṃ –

‘‘Pubbeva dānā sumano, dadaṃ cittaṃ pasādaye;

Datvā attamano hoti, esā yaññassa sampadā’’ti. (a. ni. 6.37; pe. va. 305) –

Yaññasampadā vuttā, tāya sampanno yañño bhavissati. Tattha siyā ‘‘kathaṃ cittaṃ pasādetabba’’nti? Dosappahānena. Kathaṃ dosappahānaṃ hoti? Yaññārammaṇatāya. Ayañhi ārammaṇaṃ yajamānassa yañño ettha patiṭṭhāya jahāti dosaṃ, ayañhi sattesu mettāpubbaṅgamena sammādiṭṭhipadīpavihatamohandhakārena cittena yajamānassa deyyadhammasaṅkhāto yañño ārammaṇaṃ hoti, so ettha yaññe ārammaṇavasena pavattiyā patiṭṭhāya deyyadhammapaccayaṃ lobhaṃ, paṭiggāhakapaccayaṃ kodhaṃ, tadubhayanidānaṃ mohanti evaṃ tividhampi jahāti dosaṃ. So evaṃ bhogesu vītarāgo, sattesu ca pavineyya dosaṃ tappahāneneva pahīnapañcanīvaraṇo anukkamena upacārappanābhedaṃ aparimāṇasattapharaṇena ekasatte vā anavasesapharaṇena appamāṇaṃ mettaṃ cittaṃ bhāvento puna bhāvanāvepullatthaṃ, rattindivaṃ satataṃ sabbairiyāpathesu appamatto hutvā tameva mettajjhānasaṅkhātaṃ sabbā disā pharate appamaññanti.

514. Atha brāhmaṇo taṃ mettaṃ ‘‘brahmalokamaggo aya’’nti ajānanto kevalaṃ attano visayātītaṃ mettābhāvanaṃ sutvā suṭṭhutaraṃ sañjātasabbaññusambhāvano bhagavati attanā brahmalokādhimuttattā brahmalokūpapattimeva ca suddhiṃ muttiñca maññamāno brahmalokamaggaṃ pucchanto ‘‘ko sujjhatī’’ti gāthamāha. Tatra ca brahmalokagāmiṃ puññaṃ karontaṃ sandhāyāha – ‘‘ko sujjhati muccatī’’ti, akarontaṃ sandhāya ‘‘bajjhatī cā’’ti. Kenattanāti kena kāraṇena. Sakkhi brahmajjadiṭṭhoti brahmā ajja sakkhi diṭṭho. Saccanti bhagavato brahmasamattaṃ ārabbha accādarena sapathaṃ karoti. Kathaṃ upapajjatīti accādareneva punapi pucchati. Jutimāti bhagavantaṃ ālapati.

Tattha yasmā yo bhikkhu mettāya tikacatukkajjhānaṃ uppādetvā tameva pādakaṃ katvā vipassanto arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti, so sujjhati muccati ca, tathārūpo ca brahmalokaṃ na gacchati. Yo pana mettāya tikacatukkajjhānaṃ uppādetvā ‘‘santā esā samāpattī’’tiādinā nayena taṃ assādeti, so bajjhati. Aparihīnajjhāno ca teneva jhānena brahmalokaṃ gacchati, tasmā bhagavā yo sujjhati muccati ca, tassa brahmalokagamanaṃ ananujānanto anāmasitvāva taṃ puggalaṃ yo bajjhati. Tassa tena jhānena brahmalokagamanaṃ dassento brāhmaṇassa sappāyena nayena ‘‘yo yajatī’’ti imaṃ gāthamāha.

515. Tattha tividhanti tikālappasādaṃ sandhāyāha. Tena dāyakato aṅgattayaṃ dasseti. Ārādhaye dakkhiṇeyyebhi tādīti tañca so tādiso tividhasampattisādhako puggalo tividhaṃ yaññasampadaṃ dakkhiṇeyyehi khīṇāsavehi sādheyya sampādeyya. Iminā paṭiggāhakato aṅgattayaṃ dasseti. Evaṃ yajitvā sammā yācayogoti evaṃ mettajjhānapadaṭṭhānabhāvena chaḷaṅgasamannāgataṃ yaññaṃ sammā yajitvā so yācayogo tena chaḷaṅgayaññūpanissayena mettajjhānena upapajjati brahmalokantibrūmīti brāhmaṇaṃ samussāhento desanaṃ samāpesi. Sesaṃ sabbagāthāsu uttānatthameva. Ito parañca pubbe vuttanayamevāti.

Paramatthajotikāya khuddaka-aṭṭhakathāya

Suttanipāta-aṭṭhakathāya māghasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.