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Mahabharata
Jarasandha Vadha Parva
Colloquy between Jarasandha and Krishna. Preparation for the fight. Fatigue of Jarasandha. Summary of conquests.
Krishna said:
O Partha, behold the great city of Magadha standing in all its beauty. It is full of cattle and other beasts of burden; its stock of water is inexhaustive; it is adorned with fine mansions; and it is (entirely) free from all dangers.
The five large hills, namely Vaihara, Varaha, Vrishabha, Rishigiri and the beautiful fifth hill Chaityaka.
These five hills, all with high peaks and with tall trees with cool shades, all being connected with one another, seem jointly to protect the city of Girivraja.
They are concealed by the forest of charming and fragrant Lodhra trees with their branches covered with flowers.
This was the place where the illustrious Gotama of the rigid vows begot on the daughter of Ushinara, the Shudra woman Kakshivana and other famous sons.
The race sprung from such a man as Goutama worships the sway of ordinary human race, it shows the great kindness of Goutama towards kings.
O Arjuna, it was here that in olden times the powerful kings of Anga, Vanga and other countries came to the hermitage of Goutama and lives in joy and happiness.
O Partha, behold the charming forest of Pipalas and beautiful Lodhras standing near the place where Goutama lived.
Here were the abodes of the chastisers of foes, the Nagas, Arbuda, Chakrapani and Swastika, and also that of the excellent Naga, called Mani.
Manu himself had made the country of the Magadhas to be free from draught Kaushika and Maniman also have favoured and blessed this country.
Having secured such a charming and impregnable city, Jarasandha does not fear to accomplish all his unrivalled purposes. We shall, however, today humble his pride by attacking him.
Vaishampayana said:
Having said this, those brothers of matchless effulgence the Varshneya (Krishna) and the two Pandavas (Bhima and Arjuna) entered the city of Magadha.
Then they went towards the impregnable city of Girivraja, full of cheerful and well-fed inhabitants belonging to all the four orders of men. The city was ever enlivened with perennial festivities.
Going to the gate of the city (they did not enter through it); the brothers pierced the heart of the high Chaityaka (hill) which was ever worshipped by there of Brihadratha and by the citizens (of Girivraja), the hill that delighted the hearts of all the Magadhas.
Here (on this Chaityaka hill) Brihadratha had killed a cannibal, called Rishava. Having killed the monster, he caused three drums to be made of his skin. He then kept these drums in his city. They were such that if once played upon their sound lasted for full one month. The brothers (Krishna & c.) broke down the Chaityaka, ever charming to all the people, at the place where these drums, covered with celestials flowers, sent forth their continuous sound. Desirous as they were to kill Jarasandha, they seemed to place their feet on the head of their foe by their this act.
Attacking with their powerful arms that immovable, huge, high, old and famous peak, ever worshipped with perfumes and garlands, those heroes broke it down. They then with joyful hearts entered the city.
At that very time the Veda-knowing Brahmanas inhabiting the city saw many evil omens which they duly reported to Jarasandha.
The priest made the king mount on an elephant; and he then sanctified him by whirling lighted woods about him. The greatly powerful king Jarasandha commenced a fasting with proper vows to wards off these evils.
O descendant of Bharata, they (the brothers) in the meantime, unarmed and with their bare arms as their only weapons, entered the city in the guise of Snataka Brahmanas in order to fight with Jarasandha.
They saw many beautiful shops, full of various eatables and garlands, every shop swelling with every article and every wealth that man can ever desire.
Seeing the great wealth of those shops, those best of men, Krishna, Bhima and Dhananjaya (Arjuna), proceeded along the public streets. Those greatly powerful heroes snatched garlands from the flower vendors.
Having attired in robes of various colours and adorned with garlands and earrings, the heroes entered the palace of the greatly intelligent Jarasandha as Himalayan lions longingly look at the pen of cattle. The arms of those warriors, smeared sandal and aloe paste, looked like the trunks of Sala trees, O great king, when the people of Magadha saw those heroes with necks and broad as those of Sala trees and with wide chests, they began to be very much astonished.
Passing through three rooms crowded with men those best of men, with pride and cheerfulness came to the king.
Jarasandha rose up in haste saying "Welcome to you". He received his visitors with proper ceremonies, with water to wash their feet, with honey, with Arghya, with gift of kine and with the other forms of respect. O Janamejaya, both Partha and Bhima remained silent.
Amongst them the greatly intelligent Krishna thus spoke to him, "O king of kings, these two are observing a vow. They will not therefore speak.
They will remain silent till midnight. After that hour they will talk with you." The king quartered them in the sacrificial apartments, and he then went to his own royal apartments.
O king, at midnight he(Jarasandha) came to the place where the Brahmanas (Krishna & c.) were. O descendant of Bharata, that ever victorious king observed the vow which was known all over the earth that as soon as he should hear of the arrival of any Snataka Brahmanas in his palace-even if it be midnight, he would immediately come out and grant them an interview.
Seeing the strange attire (of his guests), that best of kings, Jarasandha, be came, very much astonished, but he waited upon them with all respect.
O best of the Bharata race, seeing the king Jarasandha, those best of men, those slayers of foes (Krishna etc.) thus spoke to him,
"O king, let salvation be attained by you without any difficulty." And O best of king, having said this to the king, they stood looking at one another.
O king of kings, then Jarasandha said to the Pandavas (Bhima and Arjuna) and the Yadava (Krishna), who were all disguised as Brahmanas, "Take your seat."
Blazing forth in their own beauty like the three fires of a great sacrifice, these three best of men then took their seats.
O descendant of Kuru, the firmly truthful king Jarasandha spoke to them thus, "It is well-known to me that no where in the whole world the Brahmanas engaged in observing the Snataka vows ever adorn themselves with garlands or with fragrant paste. Who are you then, thus adorned with flowers and with hands that bear the marks of the bow-string?
Attired in ascetic robes and adorned unseasonably with flowers and fragrant paste, you give me to understand that you are Brahmanas, though you bear all the signs of the Kshatriyas. Tell me truly who you are. Truth adorns (even) kings.
Breaking down the peak of the Chaityaka hill, why in disguise have you entered (the city) by the other ways than the gates without fearing the royal anger?
The prowess of a Brahmana rests mainly in his speech. Your action does not suit the order you profess to belong. Tell me what is your object today.
Though you have arrived by such an improper way, why do you not accept the worship, I offer to you? What is your object in coming to me?
Having been thus addressed, the high minded Krishna, well-skilled in speech, thus replied to him in a calm and grave voice.
Krishna said:
O king, know us for Snataka Brahmanas. O king of men, O monarch, Brahmanas, Kshatriyas and Vaishyas are all competent to observe the Snataka vow.
This vow has both special and general rules. A Kshatriya who observes this vow with special rules always obtains (great) prosperity.
Persons who adorn themselves with flowers always gain prosperity, therefore we have adorned ourselves with flowers. The Kshatriyas are powerful in their prowess of arms and in the prowess of speech. O son of Brihadratha it is therefore the speeches of the Kshatriyas are never audacious.
O king,, the creator has placed his own energy in the arms of the Kshatriya. If you desire to see it, you will certainly see it today.
The intelligent men enter the house of the enemy through a way which is not the general gate; but in the house of a friend they enter by the right gate. This is the rule of the ordinance.
O king, know that this is our eternal vow that having entered the house of the enemy for the purpose of accomplishing an object, we do not accept the worship offered by him.
Jarasandha said:
I do not recollect when I have ever done you any injury. After careful reflection, I cannot recollect the injury I have done you.
O Brahmanas, when I have never done you any harm, why do you consider me, who am innocent, as your enemy? Tell me truly, for this is the rule followed by the honest.
If injury is done to one's Dharma and Artha, the mind feels pain. Even a great car-warrior, well versed in all the precepts of morality, gets the fate of sinners and falls off from prosperity, if he injures an innocent man.
For honest men the practices of the Kshatriyas are the best in the three worlds. The men that are learned in the precepts of virtue praise nothing else (then the practices of the Kshatriyas).
I adhere to the practices of my order with a steadily soul. I never injure any of my subjects. In bringing this charge against me, it appears you speck in error.
Krishna said:
O mighty-armed (hero), there is one who upholds the dignity of a (royal) line. We have come against you at his command.
O king, the Kshatriyas of the world have been brought captive by you. Having done this cruel wrong, how do you consider yourself innocent?
O best of kings, how can a man, being a king himself, act cruelly against other virtuous kings? After persecuting them, you want to offer them as sacrifices to Rudra.
O son of Brihadratha, this sin, committed by you, may even touch us. We practise virtue, and we are capable of protecting virtue.
The slaughter of human beings as sacrifice to the gods is never seen. Why do you then desire to sacrifice human beings to the god Sankara?
you are calling all men belonging to your own orders as beasts. O Jarasandha, foolish as you are, who else is capable of doing it?
Whatever actions are performed by a man under whatever circumstances, he gets the fruits of those actions under whatever circumstances they may be performed.
We are desirous of helping all distressed people. For the Prosperity of our race, we have come here to kill you, the slayer of our relatives.
O king, you consider there is not a Kshatriya equal to you in the world; it is a great error of your judgement.
O king, what Kshatriya is there who, possessing greatness of mind and recollecting the dignity of his own parentage, would not ascend the unrivalled heaven by falling on the field of battle?
O best of men, know that Kshatriyas, being installed in the sacrifice of war with the view of heaven before them, conquer the whole world.
The study of Brahma, great fame ascetic penances and death in battle are acts that lead men to heaven. The attainment of heaven by the three other acts may be uncertain, but death in battle has heaven for its certain result.
It is graced with many merits; it is through this, Shatakratu (Indra) has became what he is; he rules the universe by vanquishing the Asuras.
Fighting with you is the certain path to heaven, for you are proud of your prowess of arms and of the excessive might of your large Magadha army.
O king, do not disregard others; velour exists in every man. O king of men, there are men whose velour is equal or superior to yours.
So long it is not known (to the world) so long only you are famous. O king, I tell you, your prowess can be borne by us.
O Magadha king, throw away your superiority and pride in the presence of those that are your equals. Do not go to the abode of Yama with your sons, ministers, and troops.
Dambhodhva, Kartavirya, Uttara, and Brihadratha, all these kings met with their destruction, along with all their troops for disregarding their superiors.
We are desirous of liberating the captive monarchs from you. Know that we are certainly not Brahmanas. I am Hrishikesha Shauri, and these two are the Pandavas.
O king, O monarch of the Magadha kingdom, we challenge you (to a single combat). Fight with us with steadiness. Either liberate the kings (now kept prisoner by you) or go the abode of Yama.
Jarasandha said:
I never make a king prisoner without first defeating him. Who is kept prisoner here who has not been defeated (by me)
O Krishna, it has been said that the duty of the Kshatriya is to bring others under his sway by displaying his own prowess, and then to treat them in the way he likes.
O Krishna, recollecting the duty of a Kshatriya, how can I from fear to day liberate the kings collected by me for the purpose of the god?
I am ready to fight with troops against troops placed in a battle array, or alone against (you) one, two or three, either at the sometime or separately.
Vaishampayana said:
Having said this, and being willing to fight with those heroes of fearful deeds (Krishna etc.), Jarasandha ordered his son Sahadeva to be installed on the throne.
O best of the Bharata race, when the day for the combat came, the king thought of his commanders-in-chief, Kaushika and Chitrasena.
O king, they were formerly called by the ever renowned names of Hansa and Dimbhaka by every body in the world.
O king, that foremost of all powerful men, the self-controlled lord Shauri (Krishna), that best of men, that slayer of Madhu, ever devoted to truth, the younger brother of Haladhara, knowing that the king of Magadha was destined to be killed in battle by Bhima and not by the destroyer of Madhu, did not at the command of Brahma desire to kill that foremost of all powerful men, that hero as powerful as the tiger, that warrior of terrible valour, king Jarasandha.
Vaishampayana said:
The excellent speaker, the descendant of Yadu (Krishna), then thus addressed the king Jarasandha who was resolved upon fight.
Krishna said:
O king, with whom amongst us three you have the mind to fight? Who amongst us should be ready for battle (with you)?
Vaishampayana said:
Having been thus addressed.; the king of Magadha, the greatly effulgent Jarasandha, desired to fight with Bhimasena.
The priest brought the yellow pigment obtained from the cow, garlands of flowers, and other auspicious articles, and also various excellent medicines for restoring lost consciousness and for alleviating pains. He came (with these articles) to the king Jarasandha who was panting for fight.
The king's propitiatory ceremonies with benedictions having been performed by an illustrious Brahmana, Jarasandha, remembering the duty of a Kshatriya, dressed himself for battle.
Removing his crown and properly binding his hair, Jarasandha stood up like an ocean bursting through its shore.
The terribly powerful and intelligent king then thus spoke to Bhima, "O Bhima, I shall fight with you. It is better to be vanquished by a superior man."
Having said this, the greatly effulgent Jarasandha, that chastiser of foes, rushed at Bhimasena like the Asura Bala at Shakra (Indra).
After having consulted with Krishna and having his propitiatory ceremonies with benedictions been performed by him (Krishna), the powerful Bhimasena also advanced toward Jarasandha with the desire of fight.
Then those two best of men, those two greatly powerful heroes with their bare arms as their only weapons, being each eagerly desirous of defeating the other, cheerfully engaged in the fight.
Seizing each other's arms and twining each other's legs, they slapped their arm-pits. They caused the arena to tremble with that sounds.
O lord, seizing each other's necks with their hands now and again, and dragging and pushing them with great force, each pressed every limb of the other's body and began to roar.
Sometimes stretching their arms, sometimes drawing them close, sometimes raising them up and sometimes dropping them down, they began to seize each other. Striking neck against neck and forehead against forehead, they caused fiery sparks to emit like the flashes of lightning.
Grasping each other by arms in various ways and kicking each other with such force as to impress the innermost nerves, they struck at each other's breast with clenched fists and with their bare arms at their only weapons. Roaring like clouds, they grasped and struck each other like two mad elephants fighting with their trunks.
Becoming angry at each other's blow they dragged and pushed each other, and they fought on, looking fiercely at each other like two angry lions.
Each striking every limb of the other, and each catching hold of the other's waist, they hurled each other to a great distance.
Both the heroes were greatly accomplished in wrestling; each clasping the other with arms and each dragging the other to himself, they began to press each other with great force.
They then performed the grandest of all feats in wrestling namely Prishthabhanga, they also performed the feats, called Sampurva Nemcha and Purnakumbha.
They also performed the feats Trinapida at pleasure, and then the feat Purna yoga with fists. Thus did not two heroes fight with each other.
O best of men, thousands of citizens, consisting of Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras, and also women and even old men, came out and assembled there to witness the fight. The crowed became so great that it grew to be a solid mass of human beings with no space between two persons.
The sound they made by the slapping of arms by the seizing of each other's necks, and by the grasping of each other's legs became so loud that if resembled the roar of thunder or the noise of a falling cliff.
Both of them were foremost of strong and powerful men, and both took great delight in such fights. Each was eager to vanquish the other, and each was on the alert to take advantage of the slightest carelessness of the other.
O king, the powerful Bhima and Jarasandha, like Vitra and Vasava of old, terribly fought on in the arena, driving the people at times by the motions of their hands.
Pressing each other forward and dragging each other backward, throwing each other's face downwards and side ways with sudden jerks, they dreadfully mangled each other. They struck each other with keen joints. They loudly addressed each other in stinging words; they struck each other with keen joints. They loudly addressed each other in stinging words; they struck each other with clenched fists, the blow descending like a mass of stone on another mass of stone. With broad shoulders and long arms the two well-skilled wrestlers struck each other with their long arms which were like clubs made of iron.
The fight began on the first day of the month of Kartika, and those two illustrious heroes fought on continuously without food, and without intermission of day or night till the thirteenth day. It was on the night of the fourteenth day, the Magadha king stopped from fatigue.
O king, seeing the monarch (Jarasandha) tried, Janardana (Krishna) thus spoke to Bhima of terrible deeds to encourage him.
Krishna said:
O son of Kunti, the foe that has become tried in the fight, cannot be pressed. If pressed at such a time, he may even die.
Therefore, O son of Kunti, you should not oppress this king (now). O best of the Bharata race, fight with your arms only in such a way as your antagonist may be equal to you.
Vaishampayana said:
Having been thus addressed by Krishna, and knowing the state of Jarasandha, the Pandava (Bhima), the slayer of hostile heroes, determined to kill him.
That foremost of all strong men, that descendant of Kuru, Vrikodara (Bhima), mustered all his strength and courage with the desire of now vanquishing the hitherto unvanquished Jarasandha.
Vaishampayana said:
Thereupon Bhimsena, his mind firmly set on the desire of killing Jarasandha, thus spoke to the descendant of Yadu, Krishna, "O Krishna, O best of the Yadu race, this wretch is still before me with girded loins and with sufficient strength. He should not be excused by me,”
Having been thus addressed, Krishna, that best of men, with the desire of seeing soon an end of Jarasandha, thus replied to Vrikodara (Bhima), "O Bhima, the strength that you have derived from the celestials, the might that you have obtained from Maruta, display them today towards Jarasandha."
Having been thus addressed, that chastiser of foes, that greatly strong (hero), Bhima, raised up the strong Jarasandha and whirled him on high.
O best of the Bharata race, having thus whirled him high for one hundred times, he (Bhima) pressed his knee against his (Jarasandha's) backbone and broke his body into two parts. (Having thus killed him), he roared aloud.
The roar of the Pandava (Bhima), mingled with that of Jarasandha while he was being broken by Bhima's knee, raised such a loud roar that it struck fear into the heart of every creature.
The people of Magadha became dumb with fear; and even many women were prematurely delivered by the roars of Bhima and Jarasandha.
Hearing the roars of Bhima, the people of Magadha thought that either Himalayas were coming down or the earth is being rent asunder.
The chastiser of foes (Krishna) left at night the dead body of the king at the palace gate, as if he was but asleep. They then came out (of the palace).
Krishna made ready the chariot of Jarasandha with the excellent standard and he then placed on it the two brothers (Bhima and Arjuna). He then liberated the friends (the captive kings).
Having been freed from their great fear, those monarchs, those kings, those possessors of gems came to Krishna and presented him with many gems and jewels.
Unwounded, (now) with (many) weapons, vanquishing the foe, he (Krishna), riding on the celestials car (of Jarasandha) came out with the kings from the city of Girivraja.
He, who wielded the bow with both hands, who was invincible to all kings, and who was exceedingly handsome and well skilled in killing the enemy, came out with that possessors of great strength Bhima, and Krishna drove the car.
That celestials car, invincible to all warriors, ridden by the heroes, Bhima and Arjuna, and driven by Krishna, looked exceedingly beautiful.
It was in this very car that India and Vishnu fought in the battle of old (with the Asuras) in which Taraka (the wife of Brihaspati) was cause, and the result of which was a great slaughter. Riding on that very car, Krishna now came out.
It possessed the splendour of heated gold, it was adorned with rows of jingling bells, it had wheels that made the clatter like the roars of the clouds, it was ever victorious in battle and it always killed the foes.
Riding on it, Shakra (Indra) killed ninety nine Danavas of old. Those best of men (Krishna & c.) were exceedingly pleased on obtaining this car.
Seeing the long-armed Krishna on the chariot with the two brothers, (Bhima and Arjuna), the people of Magadha became very much astonished.
O descendant of Bharata, that car, with which were yoked celestials horses with the speed of the wind and which was driven by Krishna, looked exceedingly beautiful.
On this best of cars there was a flag-staff without being visibly attached thereto. It was the product of celestials art. That beautiful flat staff could be seen from a distance of a Yojana, and it had the splendour of the rainbow.
When coming out, Krishna thought of Garuda. As soon as thought of, he came there like a large tree worshipped by all.
The eater of snakes, Garuda of immense weight of body, sat on that excellent car along with innumerable other open-mouthed and fearfully roaring creatures on its flag-staff.
Thereupon that best of cars be came more dazzling than before; and like the sun in midday, surrounded by thousand rays, it became incapable of being looked at by any living creature.
O king, such was that celestialsly made and the best flagstaff that it never struck against a tree. The weapons could not any way injure it, although it was visible to the human eye.
That best of men, Achyuta (Krishna), riding with the two Pandava (Bhima and Arjuna) on that celestials car, the wheels of which made a clatter like the roars of the clouds, came out (of Girivraja).
It (the car) was obtained by the king Vasu from Vasava (Indra), From Vasu it was obtained by Brihadratha; from Brihadratha it was in due course obtained by the king (Jarasandha), the son of Brihadratha.
The long armed, the lotus-eyed and the greatly famous (Krishna), coming out (of Girivraja), stopped on a level plain outside the city.
O king, all the citizens with the Brahmans at their head then hastened there to adore him according to the due rites of the ordinance.
The kings, who had been liberated from their confinement, worshipped the slayer of Madhu; and they thus spoke to him eulogistic words.
"O mighty armed (hero), O son of Devaki, such an act of virtue is not (at all) wonderful in you. Assisted as you are by the prowess of Bhima and Arjuna, you have to-day rescued the kings who sank in the fearful mire of sorrow in the lake of Jarasandha.
O Vishnu, O descendant of Yadu, we were languishing in the fearful hill-fort (of Jaransandha); from our good fortune alone, you have rescued us and earned a great renown.
O best of men, we bow to you. command us what we shall do. However difficult it may be to carry out your command, know, it is already carried out by the kings (ourselves)".
Giving them every assurance, thus replied to them Hrishikesha (Krishna), "Yudhishthira is desirous of performing the Rajasuya (sacrifice).
That king, ever devoted to virtue, is solicitous to acquire the imperial dignity. Knowing this from me, help him in his attempt."
O best of kings, thereupon all those monarchs, saying "Be it so, "accepted with joyous heart all that Krishna said.
The monarchs made presents of jewels to the hero of Dasarha race (Krishna). Govinda (Krishna), out of kindness towards them, only took a portion of those presents.
The son of Jarasandha, the high-minded Sahadeva, came out there with his relatives and his ministers, his priest being at the head of the procession.
Sahadeva bowed low before the god among men, Vasudeva; and presenting him many gems and jewels, he worshipped him.
That best of men (Krishna) gave every assurance to that very much frightened prince and accepted his very valuable presents.
He (Krishna) gladly installed there the son of Jarasandha; and thus being installed on the throne of Magadha by those exalted men and having been obtained the friendship of Krishna and being treated with respect and kindness by the two sons of Pritha, the mighty armed and the illustrious son of Jarasandha (Sahadeva) entered the city of the son of Brihadratha (Jarasandha).
That best of men (Krishna), accompanied by the sons of Pritha and enriched with much wealth and laden with numerous jewels, went away (from Girivraja).
Achyuta (Krishna), accompanied by the two Pandavas (Bhima and Arjuna), arrived at Indraprastha and went to Yudhishthira. He joyfully addressed the king and said,
"O best of kings, the powerful Jarasandha has been killed by Bhima from good fortune. The kings, confined at Girivraja, have all been liberated.
O descendant of Bharata, from good fortune, these two Bhima and Dhananjaya (Arjuna), are well. They have arrived at their own city unwounded".
Then Yudhishthira worshipped Krishna as he deserved; and he embrace Bhima and Arjuna in joy.
Having obtained victory through the agency of his brothers by the death of Jarasandha, Ajatashatru (Yudhishthira) passed his time with his brothers in great merriment.
The Pandava (Yudhishthira) with his brothers came to the kings (who had come to Indraprastha). Entertaining and worshipping them each according to his age, he sent them away.
Having been. commanded by Yudhishthira, those kings with joyful hearts and without any further loss of time started on their excellent vehicles for their own respective kingdoms.
O king, thus did that best of men, the greatly intelligent Janardana (Krishna) cause his foe Jarasandha to be killed through the instrumentality of the Pandavas.
O descendant of Bharata, having caused the death of Jarasandha by policy, that chastiser of foes, (Krishna) took leave of Yudhishthira, Pritha, (Kunti), Krishna (Draupadi).
Subhadra, Bhimasena, Falguni (Arjuna), and the twins (Nakula and Sahadeva). Taking leave of Dhaumya, he started for his own city (Dwarka).
On that celestialsly - made and the best of cars, which possessed the speed of mind, and which was given to him by Dharmaraja (Yudhishthira), and which filled the ten points of the horizon with the rattle of his wheels.
O best of the Bharata race, when Krishna was about to start, the Pandavas with Yudhishthira at their head walked round that best of men (Krishna) who was never fatigued with exertion.
O descendant of Bharata, having acquired that great victory and having also dispelled the fears of the kings, when the illustrious Krishna, the son of Devaki went away,
That feat of his increased the fame of the Pandavas. O descendant of Bharata, O king, the Pandavas (thus) increased the great happiness of Draupadi.
Whatever is consistent with Dharma. Artha and Kama continued at that time to be properly performed by king Yudhishthira in the exercise of his duties in protecting his subjects.
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