| Tipiṭaka / Tipiṭaka (English) / Dīgha Nikāya, English translation |
दीघ निकाय १९
Dīgha Nikāya 19
Long Discourses 19
महागोविन्दसुत्त
Mahāgovindasutta
The Great Steward
एवं मे सुतं—एकं समयं भगवा राजगहे विहरति गिज्झकूटे पब्बते।
Evaṁ me sutaṁ—ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate.
So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha, on the Vulture’s Peak Mountain.
अथ खो पञ्चसिखो गन्धब्बपुत्तो अभिक्कन्ताय रत्तिया अभिक्कन्तवण्णो केवलकप्पं गिज्झकूटं पब्बतं ओभासेत्वा येन भगवा तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा भगवन्तं अभिवादेत्वा एकमन्तं अट्ठासि। एकमन्तं ठितो खो पञ्चसिखो गन्धब्बपुत्तो भगवन्तं एतदवोच: “यं खो मे, भन्ते, देवानं तावतिंसानं सम्मुखा सुतं सम्मुखा पटिग्गहितं, आरोचेमि तं भगवतो”ति।
Atha kho pañcasikho gandhabbaputto abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṁ gijjhakūṭaṁ pabbataṁ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhito kho pañcasikho gandhabbaputto bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: “yaṁ kho me, bhante, devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ sammukhā sutaṁ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṁ, ārocemi taṁ bhagavato”ti.
Then, late at night, the centaur Pañcasikha, lighting up the entire Vulture’s Peak, went up to the Buddha, bowed, stood to one side, and said to him, “Sir, I would tell you of what I heard and learned directly from the gods of the Thirty-Three.”
“आरोचेहि मे त्वं, पञ्चसिखा”ति भगवा अवोच।
“Ārocehi me tvaṁ, pañcasikhā”ti bhagavā avoca.
“Tell me, Pañcasikha,” said the Buddha.
१। देवसभा
1. Devasabhā
1. The Council of the Gods
“पुरिमानि, भन्ते, दिवसानि पुरिमतरानि तदहुपोसथे पन्नरसे पवारणाय पुण्णाय पुण्णमाय रत्तिया केवलकप्पा च देवा तावतिंसा सुधम्मायं सभायं सन्निसिन्ना होन्ति सन्निपतिता; महती च दिब्बपरिसा समन्ततो निसिन्ना होन्ति, चत्तारो च महाराजानो चतुद्दिसा निसिन्ना होन्ति;
“Purimāni, bhante, divasāni purimatarāni tadahuposathe pannarase pavāraṇāya puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā kevalakappā ca devā tāvatiṁsā sudhammāyaṁ sabhāyaṁ sannisinnā honti sannipatitā; mahatī ca dibbaparisā samantato nisinnā honti, cattāro ca mahārājāno catuddisā nisinnā honti;
“Sir, it was more than a few days ago—on the Uposatha day of the fifteenth on the full moon day at the invitation to admonish held at the end of the rainy season—when all the gods of the Thirty-Three were sitting together in the Hall of Justice. A large assembly of gods was sitting all around, and the Four Great Kings were seated at the four quarters.
पुरत्थिमाय दिसाय धतरट्ठो महाराजा पच्छिमाभिमुखो निसिन्नो होति देवे पुरक्खत्वा; दक्खिणाय दिसाय विरूळ्हको महाराजा उत्तराभिमुखो निसिन्नो होति देवे पुरक्खत्वा; पच्छिमाय दिसाय विरूपक्खो महाराजा पुरत्थाभिमुखो निसिन्नो होति देवे पुरक्खत्वा; उत्तराय दिसाय वेस्सवणो महाराजा दक्खिणाभिमुखो निसिन्नो होति देवे पुरक्खत्वा।
puratthimāya disāya dhataraṭṭho mahārājā pacchimābhimukho nisinno hoti deve purakkhatvā; dakkhiṇāya disāya virūḷhako mahārājā uttarābhimukho nisinno hoti deve purakkhatvā; pacchimāya disāya virūpakkho mahārājā puratthābhimukho nisinno hoti deve purakkhatvā; uttarāya disāya vessavaṇo mahārājā dakkhiṇābhimukho nisinno hoti deve purakkhatvā.
The Great King Dhataraṭṭha was seated to the east, facing west, in front of his gods. The Great King Virūḷhaka was seated to the south, facing north, in front of his gods. The Great King Virūpakkha was seated to the west, facing east, in front of his gods. The Great King Vessavaṇa was seated to the north, facing south, in front of his gods.
यदा, भन्ते, केवलकप्पा च देवा तावतिंसा सुधम्मायं सभायं सन्निसिन्ना होन्ति सन्निपतिता, महती च दिब्बपरिसा समन्ततो निसिन्ना होन्ति, चत्तारो च महाराजानो चतुद्दिसा निसिन्ना होन्ति, इदं नेसं होति आसनस्मिं; अथ पच्छा अम्हाकं आसनं होति।
Yadā, bhante, kevalakappā ca devā tāvatiṁsā sudhammāyaṁ sabhāyaṁ sannisinnā honti sannipatitā, mahatī ca dibbaparisā samantato nisinnā honti, cattāro ca mahārājāno catuddisā nisinnā honti, idaṁ nesaṁ hoti āsanasmiṁ; atha pacchā amhākaṁ āsanaṁ hoti.
When the gods of the Thirty-Three have a gathering like this, that is how they are seated. After that come our seats.
ये ते, भन्ते, देवा भगवति ब्रह्मचरियं चरित्वा अधुनूपपन्ना तावतिंसकायं, ते अञ्ञे देवे अतिरोचन्ति वण्णेन चेव यससा च। तेन सुदं, भन्ते, देवा तावतिंसा अत्तमना होन्ति पमुदिता पीतिसोमनस्सजाता; ‘दिब्बा वत भो काया परिपूरेन्ति, हायन्ति असुरकायाऽति।
Ye te, bhante, devā bhagavati brahmacariyaṁ caritvā adhunūpapannā tāvatiṁsakāyaṁ, te aññe deve atirocanti vaṇṇena ceva yasasā ca. Tena sudaṁ, bhante, devā tāvatiṁsā attamanā honti pamuditā pītisomanassajātā; ‘dibbā vata bho kāyā paripūrenti, hāyanti asurakāyā’ti.
Sir, those gods who had been recently reborn in the company of the Thirty-Three after leading the spiritual life under the Buddha outshine the other gods in beauty and glory. The gods of the Thirty-Three became uplifted and overjoyed at that, full of rapture and happiness, saying, ‘The heavenly hosts swell, while the demon hosts dwindle!’
अथ खो, भन्ते, सक्को देवानमिन्दो देवानं तावतिंसानं सम्पसादं विदित्वा इमाहि गाथाहि अनुमोदि:
Atha kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ sampasādaṁ viditvā imāhi gāthāhi anumodi:
Seeing the joy of those gods, Sakka, lord of gods, celebrated with these verses:
‘मोदन्ति वत भो देवा, तावतिंसा सहिन्दका; तथागतं नमस्सन्ता, धम्मस्स च सुधम्मतं।
‘Modanti vata bho devā, tāvatiṁsā sahindakā; Tathāgataṁ namassantā, dhammassa ca sudhammataṁ.
‘The gods rejoice—the Thirty-Three with their Lord—revering the Realized One, and the natural excellence of the teaching;
नवे देवे च पस्सन्ता, वण्णवन्ते यसस्सिने; सुगतस्मिं ब्रह्मचरियं, चरित्वान इधागते।
Nave deve ca passantā, vaṇṇavante yasassine; Sugatasmiṁ brahmacariyaṁ, caritvāna idhāgate.
and seeing the new gods, so beautiful and glorious, who have come here after leading the spiritual life under the Buddha!
ते अञ्ञे अतिरोचन्ति, वण्णेन यससायुना; सावका भूरिपञ्ञस्स, विसेसूपगता इध।
Te aññe atirocanti, vaṇṇena yasasāyunā; Sāvakā bhūripaññassa, visesūpagatā idha.
They outshine the others in beauty, glory, and lifespan. Here are the distinguished disciples of he whose wisdom is vast.
इदं दिस्वान नन्दन्ति, तावतिंसा सहिन्दका; तथागतं नमस्सन्ता, धम्मस्स च सुधम्मतन्ऽति।
Idaṁ disvāna nandanti, tāvatiṁsā sahindakā; Tathāgataṁ namassantā, dhammassa ca sudhammatan’ti.
Seeing this, they delight—the Thirty-Three with their Lord—revering the Realized One, and the natural excellence of the teaching!’
तेन सुदं, भन्ते, देवा तावतिंसा भिय्योसो मत्ताय अत्तमना होन्ति पमुदिता पीतिसोमनस्सजाता; ‘दिब्बा वत भो, काया परिपूरेन्ति, हायन्ति असुरकायाऽति।
Tena sudaṁ, bhante, devā tāvatiṁsā bhiyyoso mattāya attamanā honti pamuditā pītisomanassajātā; ‘dibbā vata bho, kāyā paripūrenti, hāyanti asurakāyā’ti.
The gods of the Thirty-Three became even more uplifted and overjoyed at that, full of rapture and happiness, saying, ‘The heavenly hosts swell, while the demon hosts dwindle!’
२। अट्ठयथाभुच्चवण्ण
2. Aṭṭhayathābhuccavaṇṇa
2. Eight Genuine Praises
अथ खो, भन्ते, सक्को देवानमिन्दो देवानं तावतिंसानं सम्पसादं विदित्वा देवे तावतिंसे आमन्तेसि: ‘इच्छेय्याथ नो तुम्हे, मारिसा, तस्स भगवतो अट्ठ यथाभुच्चे वण्णे सोतुन्ऽति?
Atha kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ sampasādaṁ viditvā deve tāvatiṁse āmantesi: ‘iccheyyātha no tumhe, mārisā, tassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe sotun’ti?
Seeing the joy of those gods, Sakka, lord of gods, addressed them, ‘Gentlemen, would you like to hear eight genuine praises of the Buddha?’
‘इच्छाम मयं, मारिस, तस्स भगवतो अट्ठ यथाभुच्चे वण्णे सोतुन्ऽति।
‘Icchāma mayaṁ, mārisa, tassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe sotun’ti.
‘Indeed we would, sir.’
अथ खो, भन्ते, सक्को देवानमिन्दो देवानं तावतिंसानं भगवतो अट्ठ यथाभुच्चे वण्णे पयिरुदाहासि:
Atha kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe payirudāhāsi:
Then Sakka proffered these eight genuine praises of the Buddha:
‘तं किं मञ्ञन्ति, भोन्तो देवा तावतिंसा? यावञ्च सो भगवा बहुजनहिताय पटिपन्नो बहुजनसुखाय लोकानुकम्पाय अत्थाय हिताय सुखाय देवमनुस्सानं। एवं बहुजनहिताय पटिपन्नं बहुजनसुखाय लोकानुकम्पाय अत्थाय हिताय सुखाय देवमनुस्सानं इमिनापङ्गेन समन्नागतं सत्थारं नेव अतीतंसे समनुपस्साम, न पनेतरहि, अञ्ञत्र तेन भगवता।
‘Taṁ kiṁ maññanti, bhonto devā tāvatiṁsā? Yāvañca so bhagavā bahujanahitāya paṭipanno bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṁ. Evaṁ bahujanahitāya paṭipannaṁ bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
‘What do the good gods of the Thirty-Three think? How the Buddha has acted for the welfare and happiness of the people, out of compassion for the world, for the benefit, welfare, and happiness of gods and humans! I don’t see any Teacher, past or present, who has such compassion for the world, apart from the Buddha.
स्वाक्खातो खो पन तेन भगवता धम्मो सन्दिट्ठिको अकालिको एहिपस्सिको ओपनेय्यिको पच्चत्तं वेदितब्बो विञ्ञूहि। एवं ओपनेय्यिकस्स धम्मस्स देसेतारं इमिनापङ्गेन समन्नागतं सत्थारं नेव अतीतंसे समनुपस्साम, न पनेतरहि, अञ्ञत्र तेन भगवता।
Svākkhāto kho pana tena bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṁ veditabbo viññūhi. Evaṁ opaneyyikassa dhammassa desetāraṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
Also, the Buddha has explained the teaching well—apparent in the present life, immediately effective, inviting inspection, relevant, so that sensible people can know it for themselves. I don’t see any Teacher, past or present, who explains such a relevant teaching, apart from the Buddha.
“इदं कुसलन्”ति खो पन तेन भगवता सुपञ्ञत्तं, “इदं अकुसलन्”ति सुपञ्ञत्तं। “इदं सावज्जं इदं अनवज्जं, इदं सेवितब्बं इदं न सेवितब्बं, इदं हीनं इदं पणीतं, इदं कण्हसुक्कसप्पटिभागन्”ति सुपञ्ञत्तं। एवं कुसलाकुसलसावज्जानवज्जसेवितब्बासेवितब्बहीनपणीतकण्हसुक्कसप्पटिभागानं धम्मानं पञ्ञापेतारं इमिनापङ्गेन समन्नागतं सत्थारं नेव अतीतंसे समनुपस्साम, न पनेतरहि, अञ्ञत्र तेन भगवता।
“Idaṁ kusalan”ti kho pana tena bhagavatā supaññattaṁ, “idaṁ akusalan”ti supaññattaṁ. “Idaṁ sāvajjaṁ idaṁ anavajjaṁ, idaṁ sevitabbaṁ idaṁ na sevitabbaṁ, idaṁ hīnaṁ idaṁ paṇītaṁ, idaṁ kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgan”ti supaññattaṁ. Evaṁ kusalākusalasāvajjānavajjasevitabbāsevitabbahīnapaṇītakaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgānaṁ dhammānaṁ paññāpetāraṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
Also, the Buddha has well described what is skillful and what is unskillful, what is blameworthy and what is blameless, what should be cultivated and what should not be cultivated, what is inferior and what is superior, and what is on the side of dark and the side of bright. I don’t see any Teacher, past or present, who so clearly describes all these things, apart from the Buddha.
सुपञ्ञत्ता खो पन तेन भगवता सावकानं निब्बानगामिनी पटिपदा, संसन्दति निब्बानञ्च पटिपदा च। सेय्यथापि नाम गङ्गोदकं यमुनोदकेन संसन्दति समेति; एवमेव सुपञ्ञत्ता तेन भगवता सावकानं निब्बानगामिनी पटिपदा, संसन्दति निब्बानञ्च पटिपदा च। एवं निब्बानगामिनिया पटिपदाय पञ्ञापेतारं इमिनापङ्गेन समन्नागतं सत्थारं नेव अतीतंसे समनुपस्साम, न पनेतरहि, अञ्ञत्र तेन भगवता।
Supaññattā kho pana tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṁ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā, saṁsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā ca. Seyyathāpi nāma gaṅgodakaṁ yamunodakena saṁsandati sameti; evameva supaññattā tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṁ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā, saṁsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā ca. Evaṁ nibbānagāminiyā paṭipadāya paññāpetāraṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
Also, the Buddha has well described the practice that leads to Nibbana for his disciples. And Nibbana converges with the practice, as the waters of the Ganges come together and converge with the waters of the Yamuna. I don’t see any Teacher, past or present, who so clearly describes the practice that leads to Nibbana for his disciples, apart from the Buddha.
अभिनिप्फन्नो खो पन तस्स भगवतो लाभो अभिनिप्फन्नो सिलोको, याव मञ्ञे खत्तिया सम्पियायमानरूपा विहरन्ति, विगतमदो खो पन सो भगवा आहारं आहारेति। एवं विगतमदं आहारं आहरयमानं इमिनापङ्गेन समन्नागतं सत्थारं नेव अतीतंसे समनुपस्साम, न पनेतरहि, अञ्ञत्र तेन भगवता।
Abhinipphanno1 kho pana tassa bhagavato lābho abhinipphanno siloko, yāva maññe khattiyā sampiyāyamānarūpā viharanti, vigatamado kho pana so bhagavā āhāraṁ āhāreti. Evaṁ vigatamadaṁ āhāraṁ āharayamānaṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
Also, possessions and popularity have accrued to the Buddha, so much that you’d think it would thrill even the aristocrats. But he takes his food free of vanity. I don’t see any Teacher, past or present, who takes their food so free of vanity, apart from the Buddha.
लद्धसहायो खो पन सो भगवा सेखानञ्चेव पटिपन्नानं खीणासवानञ्च वुसितवतं। ते भगवा अपनुज्ज एकारामतं अनुयुत्तो विहरति। एवं एकारामतं अनुयुत्तं इमिनापङ्गेन समन्नागतं सत्थारं नेव अतीतंसे समनुपस्साम, न पनेतरहि, अञ्ञत्र तेन भगवता।
Laddhasahāyo kho pana so bhagavā sekhānañceva paṭipannānaṁ khīṇāsavānañca vusitavataṁ. Te bhagavā apanujja ekārāmataṁ anuyutto viharati. Evaṁ ekārāmataṁ anuyuttaṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
Also, the Buddha has gained companions, both trainees who are practicing, and those with defilements ended who have completed their journey. The Buddha is committed to the joy of solitude, but doesn’t send them away. I don’t see any Teacher, past or present, so committed to the joy of solitude, apart from the Buddha.
यथावादी खो पन सो भगवा तथाकारी, यथाकारी तथावादी, इति यथावादी तथाकारी, यथाकारी तथावादी। एवं धम्मानुधम्मप्पटिपन्नं इमिनापङ्गेन समन्नागतं सत्थारं नेव अतीतंसे समनुपस्साम, न पनेतरहि, अञ्ञत्र तेन भगवता।
Yathāvādī kho pana so bhagavā tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī, iti yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. Evaṁ dhammānudhammappaṭipannaṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
Also, the Buddha does as he says, and says as he does, thus: he does as he says, and says as he does. I don’t see any Teacher, past or present, who so practices in line with the teaching, apart from the Buddha.
तिण्णविचिकिच्छो खो पन सो भगवा विगतकथङ्कथो परियोसितसङ्कप्पो अज्झासयं आदिब्रह्मचरियं। एवं तिण्णविचिकिच्छं विगतकथङ्कथं परियोसितसङ्कप्पं अज्झासयं आदिब्रह्मचरियं इमिनापङ्गेन समन्नागतं सत्थारं नेव अतीतंसे समनुपस्साम, न पनेतरहि, अञ्ञत्र तेन भगवताऽति।
Tiṇṇavicikiccho kho pana so bhagavā vigatakathaṅkatho pariyositasaṅkappo ajjhāsayaṁ ādibrahmacariyaṁ. Evaṁ tiṇṇavicikicchaṁ vigatakathaṅkathaṁ pariyositasaṅkappaṁ ajjhāsayaṁ ādibrahmacariyaṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā’ti.
Also, the Buddha has gone beyond doubt and got rid of indecision. He has achieved all he wished for regarding the fundamental purpose of the spiritual life. I don’t see any Teacher, past or present, who has achieved these things, apart from the Buddha.’
इमे खो, भन्ते, सक्को देवानमिन्दो देवानं तावतिंसानं भगवतो अट्ठ यथाभुच्चे वण्णे पयिरुदाहासि। तेन सुदं, भन्ते, देवा तावतिंसा भिय्योसो मत्ताय अत्तमना होन्ति पमुदिता पीतिसोमनस्सजाता भगवतो अट्ठ यथाभुच्चे वण्णे सुत्वा।
Ime kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe payirudāhāsi. Tena sudaṁ, bhante, devā tāvatiṁsā bhiyyoso mattāya attamanā honti pamuditā pītisomanassajātā bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe sutvā.
These are the eight genuine praises of the Buddha proffered by Sakka. Hearing them, the gods of the Thirty-Three became even more uplifted and overjoyed.
तत्र, भन्ते, एकच्चे देवा एवमाहंसु: ‘अहो वत, मारिसा, चत्तारो सम्मासम्बुद्धा लोके उप्पज्जेय्युं धम्मञ्च देसेय्युं यथरिव भगवा। तदस्स बहुजनहिताय बहुजनसुखाय लोकानुकम्पाय अत्थाय हिताय सुखाय देवमनुस्सानन्ऽति।
Tatra, bhante, ekacce devā evamāhaṁsu: ‘aho vata, mārisā, cattāro sammāsambuddhā loke uppajjeyyuṁ dhammañca deseyyuṁ yathariva bhagavā. Tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānan’ti.
Then some gods thought, ‘If only four fully awakened Buddhas might arise in the world and teach the Dhamma, just like the Blessed One! That would be for the welfare and happiness of the people, out of compassion for the world, for the benefit, welfare, and happiness of gods and humans!’
एकच्चे देवा एवमाहंसु: ‘तिट्ठन्तु, मारिसा, चत्तारो सम्मासम्बुद्धा, अहो वत, मारिसा, तयो सम्मासम्बुद्धा लोके उप्पज्जेय्युं धम्मञ्च देसेय्युं यथरिव भगवा। तदस्स बहुजनहिताय बहुजनसुखाय लोकानुकम्पाय अत्थाय हिताय सुखाय देवमनुस्सानन्ऽति। एकच्चे देवा एवमाहंसु: ‘तिट्ठन्तु, मारिसा, तयो सम्मासम्बुद्धा, अहो वत, मारिसा, द्वे सम्मासम्बुद्धा लोके उप्पज्जेय्युं धम्मञ्च देसेय्युं यथरिव भगवा। तदस्स बहुजनहिताय बहुजनसुखाय लोकानुकम्पाय अत्थाय हिताय सुखाय देवमनुस्सानन्ऽति।
Ekacce devā evamāhaṁsu: ‘tiṭṭhantu, mārisā, cattāro sammāsambuddhā, aho vata, mārisā, tayo sammāsambuddhā loke uppajjeyyuṁ dhammañca deseyyuṁ yathariva bhagavā. Tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānan’ti. Ekacce devā evamāhaṁsu: ‘tiṭṭhantu, mārisā, tayo sammāsambuddhā, aho vata, mārisā, dve sammāsambuddhā loke uppajjeyyuṁ dhammañca deseyyuṁ yathariva bhagavā. Tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānan’ti.
Other gods thought, ‘Let alone four fully awakened Buddhas; if only three fully awakened Buddhas, or two fully awakened Buddhas might arise in the world and teach the Dhamma, just like the Blessed One! That would be for the welfare and happiness of the people, out of compassion for the world, for the benefit, welfare, and happiness of gods and humans!’
एवं वुत्ते, भन्ते, सक्को देवानमिन्दो देवे तावतिंसे एतदवोच: ‘अट्ठानं खो एतं, मारिसा, अनवकासो, यं एकिस्सा लोकधातुया द्वे अरहन्तो सम्मासम्बुद्धा अपुब्बं अचरिमं उप्पज्जेय्युं, नेतं ठानं विज्जति। अहो वत, मारिसा, सो भगवा अप्पाबाधो अप्पातङ्को चिरं दीघमद्धानं तिट्ठेय्य। तदस्स बहुजनहिताय बहुजनसुखाय लोकानुकम्पाय अत्थाय हिताय सुखाय देवमनुस्सानन्ऽति।
Evaṁ vutte, bhante, sakko devānamindo deve tāvatiṁse etadavoca: ‘aṭṭhānaṁ kho etaṁ, mārisā, anavakāso, yaṁ ekissā lokadhātuyā dve arahanto sammāsambuddhā apubbaṁ acarimaṁ uppajjeyyuṁ, netaṁ ṭhānaṁ vijjati. Aho vata, mārisā, so bhagavā appābādho appātaṅko ciraṁ dīghamaddhānaṁ tiṭṭheyya. Tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānan’ti.
When they said this, Sakka said, ‘It’s impossible, gentlemen, for two perfected ones, fully awakened Buddhas to arise in the same solar system at the same time. May that Blessed One be healthy and well, and remain with us for a long time! That would be for the welfare and happiness of the people, out of compassion for the world, for the benefit, welfare, and happiness of gods and humans!’
अथ खो, भन्ते, येनत्थेन देवा तावतिंसा सुधम्मायं सभायं सन्निसिन्ना होन्ति सन्निपतिता, तं अत्थं चिन्तयित्वा तं अत्थं मन्तयित्वा वुत्तवचनापि तं चत्तारो महाराजानो तस्मिं अत्थे होन्ति। पच्चानुसिट्ठवचनापि तं चत्तारो महाराजानो तस्मिं अत्थे होन्ति, सकेसु सकेसु आसनेसु ठिता अविपक्कन्ता।
Atha kho, bhante, yenatthena devā tāvatiṁsā sudhammāyaṁ sabhāyaṁ sannisinnā honti sannipatitā, taṁ atthaṁ cintayitvā taṁ atthaṁ mantayitvā vuttavacanāpi taṁ cattāro mahārājāno tasmiṁ atthe honti. Paccānusiṭṭhavacanāpi taṁ cattāro mahārājāno tasmiṁ atthe honti, sakesu sakesu āsanesu ṭhitā avipakkantā.
Then the gods of the Thirty-Three, having considered and deliberated on the matter for which they were seated together in the Hall of Justice, advised and instructed the Four Great Kings on the subject. Each one, having been advised, stood at his own seat without departing.
ते वुत्तवाक्या राजानो, पटिग्गय्हानुसासनिं; विप्पसन्नमना सन्ता, अट्ठंसु सम्हि आसनेति।
Te vuttavākyā rājāno, paṭiggayhānusāsaniṁ; Vippasannamanā santā, aṭṭhaṁsu samhi āsaneti.
The Kings were instructed, and heeded good advice. With clear and peaceful minds, they stood by their own seats.
अथ खो, भन्ते, उत्तराय दिसाय उळारो आलोको सञ्जायि, ओभासो पातुरहोसि अतिक्कम्मेव देवानं देवानुभावं। अथ खो, भन्ते, सक्को देवानमिन्दो देवे तावतिंसे आमन्तेसि: ‘यथा खो, मारिसा, निमित्तानि दिस्सन्ति, उळारो आलोको सञ्जायति, ओभासो पातुभवति, ब्रह्मा पातुभविस्सति; ब्रह्मुनो हेतं पुब्बनिमित्तं पातुभावाय, यदिदं आलोको सञ्जायति ओभासो पातुभवतीति।
Atha kho, bhante, uttarāya disāya uḷāro āloko sañjāyi, obhāso pāturahosi atikkammeva devānaṁ devānubhāvaṁ. Atha kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo deve tāvatiṁse āmantesi: ‘yathā kho, mārisā, nimittāni dissanti, uḷāro āloko sañjāyati, obhāso pātubhavati, brahmā pātubhavissati; brahmuno hetaṁ pubbanimittaṁ pātubhāvāya, yadidaṁ āloko sañjāyati obhāso pātubhavatīti.
Then in the northern quarter a magnificent light arose and radiance appeared, surpassing the glory of the gods. Then Sakka, lord of gods, addressed the gods of the Thirty-Three, ‘As indicated by the signs—light arising and radiance appearing—Brahmā will appear. For this is the precursor for the appearance of Brahmā, namely light arising and radiance appearing.’
यथा निमित्ता दिस्सन्ति, ब्रह्मा पातुभविस्सति; ब्रह्मुनो हेतं निमित्तं, ओभासो विपुलो महाऽति।
Yathā nimittā dissanti, brahmā pātubhavissati; Brahmuno hetaṁ nimittaṁ, obhāso vipulo mahā’ti.
As indicated by the signs, Brahmā will appear. For this is the sign of Brahmā: a light vast and great.
३। सनङ्कुमारकथा
3. Sanaṅkumārakathā
3. On Sanaṅkumāra
अथ खो, भन्ते, देवा तावतिंसा यथासकेसु आसनेसु निसीदिंसु: ‘ओभासमेतं ञस्साम, यंविपाको भविस्सति, सच्छिकत्वाव नं गमिस्सामाऽति। चत्तारोपि महाराजानो यथासकेसु आसनेसु निसीदिंसु: ‘ओभासमेतं ञस्साम, यंविपाको भविस्सति, सच्छिकत्वाव नं गमिस्सामाऽति। इदं सुत्वा देवा तावतिंसा एकग्गा समापज्जिंसु: ‘ओभासमेतं ञस्साम, यंविपाको भविस्सति, सच्छिकत्वाव नं गमिस्सामाऽति।
Atha kho, bhante, devā tāvatiṁsā yathāsakesu āsanesu nisīdiṁsu: ‘obhāsametaṁ ñassāma, yaṁvipāko bhavissati, sacchikatvāva naṁ gamissāmā’ti. Cattāropi mahārājāno yathāsakesu āsanesu nisīdiṁsu: ‘obhāsametaṁ ñassāma, yaṁvipāko bhavissati, sacchikatvāva naṁ gamissāmā’ti. Idaṁ sutvā devā tāvatiṁsā ekaggā samāpajjiṁsu: ‘obhāsametaṁ ñassāma, yaṁvipāko bhavissati, sacchikatvāva naṁ gamissāmā’ti.
Then the gods of the Thirty-Three sat in their own seats, saying, ‘We shall find out what has caused that light, and only when we have realized it shall we go to it.’ And the Four Great Kings did likewise. Hearing that, the gods of the Thirty-Three agreed in unison, ‘We shall find out what has caused that light, and only when we have realized it shall we go to it.’
यदा, भन्ते, ब्रह्मा सनङ्कुमारो देवानं तावतिंसानं पातुभवति, ओळारिकं अत्तभावं अभिनिम्मिनित्वा पातुभवति। यो खो पन, भन्ते, ब्रह्मुनो पकतिवण्णो, अनभिसम्भवनीयो सो देवानं तावतिंसानं चक्खुपथस्मिं। यदा, भन्ते, ब्रह्मा सनङ्कुमारो देवानं तावतिंसानं पातुभवति, सो अञ्ञे देवे अतिरोचति वण्णेन चेव यससा च। सेय्यथापि, भन्ते, सो वण्णो विग्गहो मानुसं विग्गहं अतिरोचति; एवमेव खो, भन्ते, यदा ब्रह्मा सनङ्कुमारो देवानं तावतिंसानं पातुभवति, सो अञ्ञे देवे अतिरोचति वण्णेन चेव यससा च। यदा, भन्ते, ब्रह्मा सनङ्कुमारो देवानं तावतिंसानं पातुभवति, न तस्सं परिसायं कोचि देवो अभिवादेति वा पच्चुट्ठेति वा आसनेन वा निमन्तेति। सब्बेव तुण्हीभूता पञ्जलिका पल्लङ्केन निसीदन्ति: ‘यस्सदानि देवस्स पल्लङ्कं इच्छिस्सति ब्रह्मा सनङ्कुमारो, तस्स देवस्स पल्लङ्के निसीदिस्सतीऽति। यस्स खो पन, भन्ते, देवस्स ब्रह्मा सनङ्कुमारो पल्लङ्के निसीदति, उळारं सो लभति देवो वेदपटिलाभं, उळारं सो लभति देवो सोमनस्सपटिलाभं। सेय्यथापि, भन्ते, राजा खत्तियो मुद्धावसित्तो अधुनाभिसित्तो रज्जेन, उळारं सो लभति वेदपटिलाभं, उळारं सो लभति सोमनस्सपटिलाभं; एवमेव खो, भन्ते, यस्स देवस्स ब्रह्मा सनङ्कुमारो पल्लङ्के निसीदति, उळारं सो लभति देवो वेदपटिलाभं, उळारं सो लभति देवो सोमनस्सपटिलाभं।
Yadā, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ pātubhavati, oḷārikaṁ attabhāvaṁ abhinimminitvā pātubhavati. Yo kho pana, bhante, brahmuno pakativaṇṇo, anabhisambhavanīyo so devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ cakkhupathasmiṁ. Yadā, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ pātubhavati, so aññe deve atirocati vaṇṇena ceva yasasā ca. Seyyathāpi, bhante, so vaṇṇo viggaho mānusaṁ viggahaṁ atirocati; evameva kho, bhante, yadā brahmā sanaṅkumāro devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ pātubhavati, so aññe deve atirocati vaṇṇena ceva yasasā ca. Yadā, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ pātubhavati, na tassaṁ parisāyaṁ koci devo abhivādeti vā paccuṭṭheti vā āsanena vā nimanteti. Sabbeva tuṇhībhūtā pañjalikā pallaṅkena nisīdanti: ‘yassadāni devassa pallaṅkaṁ icchissati brahmā sanaṅkumāro, tassa devassa pallaṅke nisīdissatī’ti. Yassa kho pana, bhante, devassa brahmā sanaṅkumāro pallaṅke nisīdati, uḷāraṁ so labhati devo vedapaṭilābhaṁ, uḷāraṁ so labhati devo somanassapaṭilābhaṁ. Seyyathāpi, bhante, rājā khattiyo muddhāvasitto adhunābhisitto rajjena, uḷāraṁ so labhati vedapaṭilābhaṁ, uḷāraṁ so labhati somanassapaṭilābhaṁ; evameva kho, bhante, yassa devassa brahmā sanaṅkumāro pallaṅke nisīdati, uḷāraṁ so labhati devo vedapaṭilābhaṁ, uḷāraṁ so labhati devo somanassapaṭilābhaṁ.
When Brahmā Sanaṅkumāra appears to the gods of the Thirty-Three, he does so after manifesting in a solid corporeal form. For a Brahmā’s normal appearance is imperceptible in the visual range of the gods of the Thirty-Three. When Brahmā Sanaṅkumāra appears to the gods of the Thirty-Three, he outshines the other gods in beauty and glory, as a golden statue outshines the human form. When Brahmā Sanaṅkumāra appears to the gods of the Thirty-Three, not a single god in that assembly greets him by bowing down or rising up or inviting him to a seat. They all sit silently on their couches with their joined palms raised, thinking, ‘Now Brahmā Sanaṅkumāra will sit on the couch of whatever god he chooses.’ And the god on whose couch Brahmā sits is overjoyed and brimming with happiness, like a king on the day of his coronation.
अथ, भन्ते, ब्रह्मा सनङ्कुमारो देवानं तावतिंसानं सम्पसादं विदित्वा अन्तरहितो इमाहि गाथाहि अनुमोदि:
Atha, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ sampasādaṁ viditvā antarahito imāhi gāthāhi anumodi:
Seeing the joy of those gods, Brahmā Sanaṅkumāra celebrated with these verses:
‘मोदन्ति वत भो देवा, तावतिंसा सहिन्दका; तथागतं नमस्सन्ता, धम्मस्स च सुधम्मतं।
‘Modanti vata bho devā, tāvatiṁsā sahindakā; Tathāgataṁ namassantā, dhammassa ca sudhammataṁ.
‘The gods rejoice—the Thirty-Three with their Lord—revering the Realized One, and the natural excellence of the teaching;
नवे देवे च पस्सन्ता, वण्णवन्ते यसस्सिने; सुगतस्मिं ब्रह्मचरियं, चरित्वान इधागते।
Nave deve ca passantā, vaṇṇavante yasassine; Sugatasmiṁ brahmacariyaṁ, caritvāna idhāgate.
and seeing the new gods, so beautiful and glorious, who have come here after leading the spiritual life under the Buddha!
ते अञ्ञे अतिरोचन्ति, वण्णेन यससायुना; सावका भूरिपञ्ञस्स, विसेसूपगता इध।
Te aññe atirocanti, vaṇṇena yasasāyunā; Sāvakā bhūripaññassa, visesūpagatā idha.
They outshine the others in beauty, glory, and lifespan. Here are the distinguished disciples of he whose wisdom is vast.
इदं दिस्वान नन्दन्ति, तावतिंसा सहिन्दका; तथागतं नमस्सन्ता, धम्मस्स च सुधम्मतन्ऽति।
Idaṁ disvāna nandanti, tāvatiṁsā sahindakā; Tathāgataṁ namassantā, dhammassa ca sudhammatan’ti.
Seeing this, they delight—the Thirty-Three with their Lord—revering the Realized One, and the natural excellence of the teaching!’
इममत्थं, भन्ते, ब्रह्मा सनङ्कुमारो अभासित्थ। इममत्थं, भन्ते, ब्रह्मुनो सनङ्कुमारस्स भासतो अट्ठङ्गसमन्नागतो सरो होति विस्सट्ठो च विञ्ञेय्यो च मञ्जु च सवनीयो च बिन्दु च अविसारी च गम्भीरो च निन्नादी च। यथापरिसं खो पन, भन्ते, ब्रह्मा सनङ्कुमारो सरेन विञ्ञापेति, न चस्स बहिद्धा परिसाय घोसो निच्छरति। यस्स खो पन, भन्ते, एवं अट्ठङ्गसमन्नागतो सरो होति, सो वुच्चति ‘ब्रह्मस्सरोऽति।
Imamatthaṁ, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro abhāsittha. Imamatthaṁ, bhante, brahmuno sanaṅkumārassa bhāsato aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato saro hoti vissaṭṭho ca viññeyyo ca mañju ca savanīyo ca bindu ca avisārī ca gambhīro ca ninnādī ca. Yathāparisaṁ kho pana, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro sarena viññāpeti, na cassa bahiddhā parisāya ghoso niccharati. Yassa kho pana, bhante, evaṁ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato saro hoti, so vuccati ‘brahmassaro’ti.
That is the topic on which Brahmā Sanaṅkumāra spoke. And while he was speaking on that topic, his voice had eight qualities: it was clear, comprehensible, charming, audible, lucid, undistorted, deep, and resonant. He makes sure his voice is intelligible as far as the assembly goes, but it doesn’t extend outside the assembly. When someone has a voice like this, they’re said to have the voice of Brahmā.
अथ खो, भन्ते, देवा तावतिंसा ब्रह्मानं सनङ्कुमारं एतदवोचुं: ‘साधु, महाब्रह्मे, एतदेव मयं सङ्खाय मोदाम; अत्थि च सक्केन देवानमिन्देन तस्स भगवतो अट्ठ यथाभुच्चा वण्णा भासिता; ते च मयं सङ्खाय मोदामाऽति।
Atha kho, bhante, devā tāvatiṁsā brahmānaṁ sanaṅkumāraṁ etadavocuṁ: ‘sādhu, mahābrahme, etadeva mayaṁ saṅkhāya modāma; atthi ca sakkena devānamindena tassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhuccā vaṇṇā bhāsitā; te ca mayaṁ saṅkhāya modāmā’ti.
Then the gods of the Thirty-Three said to Brahmā Sanaṅkumāra, ‘Good, Great Brahmā! Having assessed this, we rejoice. And there are the eight genuine praises of the Buddha spoken by Sakka—having assessed them, too, we rejoice.’
४। अट्ठयथाभुच्चवण्ण
4. Aṭṭhayathābhuccavaṇṇa
4. Eight Genuine Praises
अथ, भन्ते, ब्रह्मा सनङ्कुमारो सक्कं देवानमिन्दं एतदवोच: ‘साधु, देवानमिन्द, मयम्पि तस्स भगवतो अट्ठ यथाभुच्चे वण्णे सुणेय्यामाऽति।
Atha, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro sakkaṁ devānamindaṁ etadavoca: ‘sādhu, devānaminda, mayampi tassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe suṇeyyāmā’ti.
Then Brahmā said to Sakka, ‘It would be good, lord of gods, if I could also hear the eight genuine praises of the Buddha.’
‘एवं, महाब्रह्मेऽति खो, भन्ते, सक्को देवानमिन्दो ब्रह्मुनो सनङ्कुमारस्स भगवतो अट्ठ यथाभुच्चे वण्णे पयिरुदाहासि।
‘Evaṁ, mahābrahme’ti kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo brahmuno sanaṅkumārassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe payirudāhāsi.
Saying, ‘Yes, Great Brahmā,’ Sakka repeated the eight genuine praises for him.
‘तं किं मञ्ञति, भवं महाब्रह्मा? यावञ्च सो भगवा बहुजनहिताय पटिपन्नो बहुजनसुखाय लोकानुकम्पाय अत्थाय हिताय सुखाय देवमनुस्सानं। एवं बहुजनहिताय पटिपन्नं बहुजनसुखाय लोकानुकम्पाय अत्थाय हिताय सुखाय देवमनुस्सानं इमिनापङ्गेन समन्नागतं सत्थारं नेव अतीतंसे समनुपस्साम, न पनेतरहि, अञ्ञत्र तेन भगवता।
‘Taṁ kiṁ maññati, bhavaṁ mahābrahmā? Yāvañca so bhagavā bahujanahitāya paṭipanno bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṁ. Evaṁ bahujanahitāya paṭipannaṁ bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
स्वाक्खातो खो पन तेन भगवता धम्मो सन्दिट्ठिको अकालिको एहिपस्सिको ओपनेय्यिको पच्चत्तं वेदितब्बो विञ्ञूहि। एवं ओपनेय्यिकस्स धम्मस्स देसेतारं इमिनापङ्गेन समन्नागतं सत्थारं नेव अतीतंसे समनुपस्साम, न पनेतरहि, अञ्ञत्र तेन भगवता।
Svākkhāto kho pana tena bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṁ veditabbo viññūhi. Evaṁ opaneyyikassa dhammassa desetāraṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
“इदं कुसलन्”ति खो पन तेन भगवता सुपञ्ञत्तं, “इदं अकुसलन्”ति सुपञ्ञत्तं, “इदं सावज्जं इदं अनवज्जं, इदं सेवितब्बं इदं न सेवितब्बं, इदं हीनं इदं पणीतं, इदं कण्हसुक्कसप्पटिभागन्”ति सुपञ्ञत्तं। एवं कुसलाकुसलसावज्जानवज्जसेवितब्बासेवितब्बहीनपणीतकण्हसुक्कसप्पटिभागानं धम्मानं पञ्ञापेतारं। इमिनापङ्गेन समन्नागतं सत्थारं नेव अतीतंसे समनुपस्साम, न पनेतरहि, अञ्ञत्र तेन भगवता।
“Idaṁ kusalan”ti kho pana tena bhagavatā supaññattaṁ, “idaṁ akusalan”ti supaññattaṁ, “idaṁ sāvajjaṁ idaṁ anavajjaṁ, idaṁ sevitabbaṁ idaṁ na sevitabbaṁ, idaṁ hīnaṁ idaṁ paṇītaṁ, idaṁ kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgan”ti supaññattaṁ. Evaṁ kusalākusalasāvajjānavajjasevitabbāsevitabbahīnapaṇītakaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgānaṁ dhammānaṁ paññāpetāraṁ. Imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
सुपञ्ञत्ता खो पन तेन भगवता सावकानं निब्बानगामिनी पटिपदा संसन्दति निब्बानञ्च पटिपदा च। सेय्यथापि नाम गङ्गोदकं यमुनोदकेन संसन्दति समेति; एवमेव सुपञ्ञत्ता तेन भगवता सावकानं निब्बानगामिनी पटिपदा संसन्दति निब्बानञ्च पटिपदा च। एवं निब्बानगामिनिया पटिपदाय पञ्ञापेतारं इमिनापङ्गेन समन्नागतं सत्थारं नेव अतीतंसे समनुपस्साम, न पनेतरहि, अञ्ञत्र तेन भगवता।
Supaññattā kho pana tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṁ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā saṁsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā ca. Seyyathāpi nāma gaṅgodakaṁ yamunodakena saṁsandati sameti; evameva supaññattā tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṁ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā saṁsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā ca. Evaṁ nibbānagāminiyā paṭipadāya paññāpetāraṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
अभिनिप्फन्नो खो पन तस्स भगवतो लाभो अभिनिप्फन्नो सिलोको, याव मञ्ञे खत्तिया सम्पियायमानरूपा विहरन्ति। विगतमदो खो पन सो भगवा आहारं आहारेति। एवं विगतमदं आहारं आहरयमानं इमिनापङ्गेन समन्नागतं सत्थारं नेव अतीतंसे समनुपस्साम, न पनेतरहि, अञ्ञत्र तेन भगवता।
Abhinipphanno kho pana tassa bhagavato lābho abhinipphanno siloko, yāva maññe khattiyā sampiyāyamānarūpā viharanti. Vigatamado kho pana so bhagavā āhāraṁ āhāreti. Evaṁ vigatamadaṁ āhāraṁ āharayamānaṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
लद्धसहायो खो पन सो भगवा सेखानञ्चेव पटिपन्नानं खीणासवानञ्च वुसितवतं, ते भगवा अपनुज्ज एकारामतं अनुयुत्तो विहरति। एवं एकारामतं अनुयुत्तं इमिनापङ्गेन समन्नागतं सत्थारं नेव अतीतंसे समनुपस्साम, न पनेतरहि, अञ्ञत्र तेन भगवता।
Laddhasahāyo kho pana so bhagavā sekhānañceva paṭipannānaṁ khīṇāsavānañca vusitavataṁ, te bhagavā apanujja ekārāmataṁ anuyutto viharati. Evaṁ ekārāmataṁ anuyuttaṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
यथावादी खो पन सो भगवा तथाकारी, यथाकारी तथावादी; इति यथावादी तथाकारी, यथाकारी तथावादी। एवं धम्मानुधम्मप्पटिप्पन्नं इमिनापङ्गेन समन्नागतं सत्थारं नेव अतीतंसे समनुपस्साम, न पनेतरहि, अञ्ञत्र तेन भगवता।
Yathāvādī kho pana so bhagavā tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī; iti yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. Evaṁ dhammānudhammappaṭippannaṁ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
तिण्णविचिकिच्छो खो पन सो भगवा विगतकथङ्कथो परियोसितसङ्कप्पो अज्झासयं आदिब्रह्मचरियं। एवं तिण्णविचिकिच्छं विगतकथङ्कथं परियोसितसङ्कप्पं अज्झासयं आदिब्रह्मचरियं। इमिनापङ्गेन समन्नागतं सत्थारं नेव अतीतंसे समनुपस्साम, न पनेतरहि, अञ्ञत्र तेन भगवताऽति।
Tiṇṇavicikiccho kho pana so bhagavā vigatakathaṅkatho pariyositasaṅkappo ajjhāsayaṁ ādibrahmacariyaṁ. Evaṁ tiṇṇavicikicchaṁ vigatakathaṅkathaṁ pariyositasaṅkappaṁ ajjhāsayaṁ ādibrahmacariyaṁ. Imināpaṅgena samannāgataṁ satthāraṁ neva atītaṁse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā’ti.
इमे खो, भन्ते, सक्को देवानमिन्दो ब्रह्मुनो सनङ्कुमारस्स भगवतो अट्ठ यथाभुच्चे वण्णे पयिरुदाहासि। तेन सुदं, भन्ते, ब्रह्मा सनङ्कुमारो अत्तमनो होति पमुदितो पीतिसोमनस्सजातो भगवतो अट्ठ यथाभुच्चे वण्णे सुत्वा। अथ, भन्ते, ब्रह्मा सनङ्कुमारो ओळारिकं अत्तभावं अभिनिम्मिनित्वा कुमारवण्णी हुत्वा पञ्चसिखो देवानं तावतिंसानं पातुरहोसि। सो वेहासं अब्भुग्गन्त्वा आकासे अन्तलिक्खे पल्लङ्केन निसीदि। सेय्यथापि, भन्ते, बलवा पुरिसो सुपच्चत्थते वा पल्लङ्के समे वा भूमिभागे पल्लङ्केन निसीदेय्य; एवमेव खो, भन्ते, ब्रह्मा सनङ्कुमारो वेहासं अब्भुग्गन्त्वा आकासे अन्तलिक्खे पल्लङ्केन निसीदित्वा देवे तावतिंसे आमन्तेसि:
Ime kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo brahmuno sanaṅkumārassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe payirudāhāsi. Tena sudaṁ, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro attamano hoti pamudito pītisomanassajāto bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe sutvā. Atha, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro oḷārikaṁ attabhāvaṁ abhinimminitvā kumāravaṇṇī hutvā pañcasikho devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ pāturahosi. So vehāsaṁ abbhuggantvā ākāse antalikkhe pallaṅkena nisīdi. Seyyathāpi, bhante, balavā puriso supaccatthate vā pallaṅke same vā bhūmibhāge pallaṅkena nisīdeyya; evameva kho, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro vehāsaṁ abbhuggantvā ākāse antalikkhe pallaṅkena nisīditvā deve tāvatiṁse āmantesi:
Hearing them, Brahmā Sanaṅkumāra was uplifted and overjoyed, full of rapture and happiness. Then Brahmā Sanaṅkumāra manifested in a solid corporeal form, taking on the appearance of the youth Pañcasikha, and appeared to the gods of the Thirty-Three. Rising into the air, he sat cross-legged in the sky, like a strong man might sit cross-legged on a well-appointed couch or on level ground. There he addressed the gods of the Thirty-Three:
५। गोविन्दब्राह्मणवत्थु
5. Govindabrāhmaṇavatthu
5. The Story of the Steward
‘तं किं मञ्ञन्ति, भोन्तो देवा तावतिंसा, याव दीघरत्तं महापञ्ञोव सो भगवा अहोसि।
‘Taṁ kiṁ maññanti, bhonto devā tāvatiṁsā, yāva dīgharattaṁ mahāpaññova so bhagavā ahosi.
‘What do the gods of the Thirty-Three think about the extent of the Buddha’s great wisdom?
भूतपुब्बं, भो, राजा दिसम्पति नाम अहोसि। दिसम्पतिस्स रञ्ञो गोविन्दो नाम ब्राह्मणो पुरोहितो अहोसि। दिसम्पतिस्स रञ्ञो रेणु नाम कुमारो पुत्तो अहोसि। गोविन्दस्स ब्राह्मणस्स जोतिपालो नाम माणवो पुत्तो अहोसि। इति रेणु च राजपुत्तो जोतिपालो च माणवो अञ्ञे च छ खत्तिया इच्चेते अट्ठ सहाया अहेसुं।
Bhūtapubbaṁ, bho, rājā disampati nāma ahosi. Disampatissa rañño govindo nāma brāhmaṇo purohito ahosi. Disampatissa rañño reṇu nāma kumāro putto ahosi. Govindassa brāhmaṇassa jotipālo nāma māṇavo putto ahosi. Iti reṇu ca rājaputto jotipālo ca māṇavo aññe ca cha khattiyā iccete aṭṭha sahāyā ahesuṁ.
Once upon a time, there was a king named Disampati. He had a brahmin high priest named the Steward. Disampati’s son was the prince named Reṇu, while the Steward’s son was the student named Jotipāla. There were Reṇu the prince, Jotipāla the student, and six other aristocrats; these eight became friends.
अथ खो, भो, अहोरत्तानं अच्चयेन गोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो कालमकासि। गोविन्दे ब्राह्मणे कालङ्कते राजा दिसम्पति परिदेवेसि: “यस्मिं वत, भो, मयं समये गोविन्दे ब्राह्मणे सब्बकिच्चानि सम्मा वोस्सज्जित्वा पञ्चहि कामगुणेहि समप्पिता समङ्गीभूता परिचारेम, तस्मिं नो समये गोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो कालङ्कतो”ति।
Atha kho, bho, ahorattānaṁ accayena govindo brāhmaṇo kālamakāsi. Govinde brāhmaṇe kālaṅkate rājā disampati paridevesi: “yasmiṁ vata, bho, mayaṁ samaye govinde brāhmaṇe sabbakiccāni sammā vossajjitvā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitā samaṅgībhūtā paricārema, tasmiṁ no samaye govindo brāhmaṇo kālaṅkato”ti.
In due course the brahmin Steward passed away. At his passing, King Disampati lamented, “At a time when I have relinquished all my duties to the brahmin Steward and amuse myself, supplied and provided with the five kinds of sensual stimulation, he passes away!”
एवं वुत्ते, भो, रेणु राजपुत्तो राजानं दिसम्पतिं एतदवोच: “मा खो त्वं, देव, गोविन्दे ब्राह्मणे कालङ्कते अतिबाळ्हं परिदेवेसि। अत्थि, देव, गोविन्दस्स ब्राह्मणस्स जोतिपालो नाम माणवो पुत्तो पण्डिततरो चेव पितरा, अलमत्थदसतरो चेव पितरा; येपिस्स पिता अत्थे अनुसासि, तेपि जोतिपालस्सेव माणवस्स अनुसासनिया”ति।
Evaṁ vutte, bho, reṇu rājaputto rājānaṁ disampatiṁ etadavoca: “mā kho tvaṁ, deva, govinde brāhmaṇe kālaṅkate atibāḷhaṁ paridevesi. Atthi, deva, govindassa brāhmaṇassa jotipālo nāma māṇavo putto paṇḍitataro ceva pitarā, alamatthadasataro ceva pitarā; yepissa pitā atthe anusāsi, tepi jotipālasseva māṇavassa anusāsaniyā”ti.
When he said this, Prince Reṇu said to him, “Sire, don’t lament too much at the Steward’s passing. He has a son named Jotipāla, who is even more astute and expert than his father. He should manage the affairs that were managed by his father.”
“एवं, कुमारा”ति?
“Evaṁ, kumārā”ti?
“Is that so, my prince?”
“एवं, देवा”ति।
“Evaṁ, devā”ti.
“That is so, sire.”
६। महागोविन्दवत्थु
6. Mahāgovindavatthu
6. The Story of the Great Steward
अथ खो, भो, राजा दिसम्पति अञ्ञतरं पुरिसं आमन्तेसि: “एहि त्वं, अम्भो पुरिस, येन जोतिपालो माणवो तेनुपसङ्कम; उपसङ्कमित्वा जोतिपालं माणवं एवं वदेहि: ‘भवमत्थु भवन्तं जोतिपालं, राजा दिसम्पति भवन्तं जोतिपालं माणवं आमन्तयति, राजा दिसम्पति भोतो जोतिपालस्स माणवस्स दस्सनकामोऽ”ति।
Atha kho, bho, rājā disampati aññataraṁ purisaṁ āmantesi: “ehi tvaṁ, ambho purisa, yena jotipālo māṇavo tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā jotipālaṁ māṇavaṁ evaṁ vadehi: ‘bhavamatthu bhavantaṁ jotipālaṁ, rājā disampati bhavantaṁ jotipālaṁ māṇavaṁ āmantayati, rājā disampati bhoto jotipālassa māṇavassa dassanakāmo’”ti.
So King Disampati addressed one of his men, “Please, mister, go to the student Jotipāla, and say to him, ‘Best wishes, Jotipāla! You are summoned by King Disampati; he wants to see you.’”
“एवं, देवा”ति खो, भो, सो पुरिसो दिसम्पतिस्स रञ्ञो पटिस्सुत्वा येन जोतिपालो माणवो तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा जोतिपालं माणवं एतदवोच: “भवमत्थु भवन्तं जोतिपालं, राजा दिसम्पति भवन्तं जोतिपालं माणवं आमन्तयति, राजा दिसम्पति भोतो जोतिपालस्स माणवस्स दस्सनकामो”ति। “एवं, भो”ति खो, भो, जोतिपालो माणवो तस्स पुरिसस्स पटिस्सुत्वा येन राजा दिसम्पति तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा दिसम्पतिना रञ्ञा सद्धिं सम्मोदि;
“Evaṁ, devā”ti kho, bho, so puriso disampatissa rañño paṭissutvā yena jotipālo māṇavo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā jotipālaṁ māṇavaṁ etadavoca: “bhavamatthu bhavantaṁ jotipālaṁ, rājā disampati bhavantaṁ jotipālaṁ māṇavaṁ āmantayati, rājā disampati bhoto jotipālassa māṇavassa dassanakāmo”ti. “Evaṁ, bho”ti kho, bho, jotipālo māṇavo tassa purisassa paṭissutvā yena rājā disampati tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā disampatinā raññā saddhiṁ sammodi;
“Yes, Your Majesty,” replied that man, and did as he was asked. Then Jotipāla went to the king and exchanged greetings with him.
सम्मोदनीयं कथं सारणीयं वीतिसारेत्वा एकमन्तं निसीदि। एकमन्तं निसिन्नं खो, भो, जोतिपालं माणवं राजा दिसम्पति एतदवोच: “अनुसासतु नो भवं जोतिपालो, मा नो भवं जोतिपालो अनुसासनिया पच्चब्याहासि। पेत्तिके तं ठाने ठपेस्सामि, गोविन्दिये अभिसिञ्चिस्सामी”ति।
sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinnaṁ kho, bho, jotipālaṁ māṇavaṁ rājā disampati etadavoca: “anusāsatu no bhavaṁ jotipālo, mā no bhavaṁ jotipālo anusāsaniyā paccabyāhāsi. Pettike taṁ ṭhāne ṭhapessāmi, govindiye abhisiñcissāmī”ti.
When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side, and the king said to him, “May you, Jotipāla, manage my affairs—please don’t turn me down! I shall appoint you to your father’s position, and anoint you as Steward.”
“एवं, भो”ति खो, भो, सो जोतिपालो माणवो दिसम्पतिस्स रञ्ञो पच्चस्सोसि।
“Evaṁ, bho”ti kho, bho, so jotipālo māṇavo disampatissa rañño paccassosi.
“Yes, sir,” replied Jotipāla.
अथ खो, भो, राजा दिसम्पति जोतिपालं माणवं गोविन्दिये अभिसिञ्चि, तं पेत्तिके ठाने ठपेसि। अभिसित्तो जोतिपालो माणवो गोविन्दिये पेत्तिके ठाने ठपितो येपिस्स पिता अत्थे अनुसासि तेपि अत्थे अनुसासति, येपिस्स पिता अत्थे नानुसासि तेपि अत्थे अनुसासति; येपिस्स पिता कम्मन्ते अभिसम्भोसि तेपि कम्मन्ते अभिसम्भोति, येपिस्स पिता कम्मन्ते नाभिसम्भोसि तेपि कम्मन्ते अभिसम्भोति। तमेनं मनुस्सा एवमाहंसु: “गोविन्दो वत, भो, ब्राह्मणो, महागोविन्दो वत, भो, ब्राह्मणो”ति। इमिना खो एवं, भो, परियायेन जोतिपालस्स माणवस्स गोविन्दो महागोविन्दोत्वेव समञ्ञा उदपादि।
Atha kho, bho, rājā disampati jotipālaṁ māṇavaṁ govindiye abhisiñci, taṁ pettike ṭhāne ṭhapesi. Abhisitto jotipālo māṇavo govindiye pettike ṭhāne ṭhapito yepissa pitā atthe anusāsi tepi atthe anusāsati, yepissa pitā atthe nānusāsi tepi atthe anusāsati; yepissa pitā kammante abhisambhosi tepi kammante abhisambhoti, yepissa pitā kammante nābhisambhosi tepi kammante abhisambhoti. Tamenaṁ manussā evamāhaṁsu: “govindo vata, bho, brāhmaṇo, mahāgovindo vata, bho, brāhmaṇo”ti. Iminā kho evaṁ, bho, pariyāyena jotipālassa māṇavassa govindo mahāgovindotveva samaññā udapādi.
So the king anointed him as Steward and appointed him to his father’s position. After his appointment, the Steward Jotipāla managed both the affairs that his father had managed, and other affairs that his father had not managed. He organized both the works that his father had organized, and other works that his father had not organized. When people noticed this they said, “The brahmin is indeed a Steward, a Great Steward!” And that’s how the student Jotipāla came to be known as the Great Steward.
६।१। रज्जसंविभजन
6.1. Rajjasaṁvibhajana
6.1. Dividing the Realm
अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो येन ते छ खत्तिया तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा ते छ खत्तिये एतदवोच: “दिसम्पति खो, भो, राजा जिण्णो वुद्धो महल्लको अद्धगतो वयोअनुप्पत्तो, को नु खो पन, भो, जानाति जीवितं? ठानं खो पनेतं विज्जति, यं दिसम्पतिम्हि रञ्ञे कालङ्कते राजकत्तारो रेणुं राजपुत्तं रज्जे अभिसिञ्चेय्युं। आयन्तु, भोन्तो, येन रेणु राजपुत्तो तेनुपसङ्कमथ; उपसङ्कमित्वा रेणुं राजपुत्तं एवं वदेथ: ‘मयं खो भोतो रेणुस्स सहाया पिया मनापा अप्पटिकूला, यंसुखो भवं तंसुखा मयं, यंदुक्खो भवं तंदुक्खा मयं। दिसम्पति खो, भो, राजा जिण्णो वुद्धो महल्लको अद्धगतो वयोअनुप्पत्तो, को नु खो पन, भो, जानाति जीवितं? ठानं खो पनेतं विज्जति, यं दिसम्पतिम्हि रञ्ञे कालङ्कते राजकत्तारो भवन्तं रेणुं रज्जे अभिसिञ्चेय्युं। सचे भवं रेणु रज्जं लभेथ, संविभजेथ नो रज्जेनाऽ”ति।
Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te cha khattiyā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te cha khattiye etadavoca: “disampati kho, bho, rājā jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto, ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitaṁ? Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ vijjati, yaṁ disampatimhi raññe kālaṅkate rājakattāro reṇuṁ rājaputtaṁ rajje abhisiñceyyuṁ. Āyantu, bhonto, yena reṇu rājaputto tenupasaṅkamatha; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṁ rājaputtaṁ evaṁ vadetha: ‘mayaṁ kho bhoto reṇussa sahāyā piyā manāpā appaṭikūlā, yaṁsukho bhavaṁ taṁsukhā mayaṁ, yaṁdukkho bhavaṁ taṁdukkhā mayaṁ. Disampati kho, bho, rājā jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto, ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitaṁ? Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ vijjati, yaṁ disampatimhi raññe kālaṅkate rājakattāro bhavantaṁ reṇuṁ rajje abhisiñceyyuṁ. Sace bhavaṁ reṇu rajjaṁ labhetha, saṁvibhajetha no rajjenā’”ti.
Then the Great Steward went to the six aristocrats and said, “King Disampati is old, elderly and senior, advanced in years, and has reached the final stage of life. Who knows how long he has to live? It’s likely that when he passes away the king-makers will anoint Prince Reṇu as king. Come, sirs, go to Prince Reṇu and say, ‘Prince Reṇu, we are your friends, dear, beloved, and cherished. We have shared your joys and sorrows. King Disampati is old, elderly and senior, advanced in years, and has reached the final stage of life. Who knows how long he has to live? It’s likely that when he passes away the king-makers will anoint you as king. If you should gain kingship, share it with us.’”
“एवं, भो”ति खो, भो, ते छ खत्तिया महागोविन्दस्स ब्राह्मणस्स पटिस्सुत्वा येन रेणु राजपुत्तो तेनुपसङ्कमिंसु; उपसङ्कमित्वा रेणुं राजपुत्तं एतदवोचुं: “मयं खो भोतो रेणुस्स सहाया पिया मनापा अप्पटिकूला; यंसुखो भवं तंसुखा मयं, यंदुक्खो भवं तंदुक्खा मयं। दिसम्पति खो, भो, राजा जिण्णो वुद्धो महल्लको अद्धगतो वयोअनुप्पत्तो, को नु खो पन भो जानाति जीवितं? ठानं खो पनेतं विज्जति, यं दिसम्पतिम्हि रञ्ञे कालङ्कते राजकत्तारो भवन्तं रेणुं रज्जे अभिसिञ्चेय्युं। सचे भवं रेणु रज्जं लभेथ, संविभजेथ नो रज्जेना”ति।
“Evaṁ, bho”ti kho, bho, te cha khattiyā mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa paṭissutvā yena reṇu rājaputto tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṁ rājaputtaṁ etadavocuṁ: “mayaṁ kho bhoto reṇussa sahāyā piyā manāpā appaṭikūlā; yaṁsukho bhavaṁ taṁsukhā mayaṁ, yaṁdukkho bhavaṁ taṁdukkhā mayaṁ. Disampati kho, bho, rājā jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto, ko nu kho pana bho jānāti jīvitaṁ? Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ vijjati, yaṁ disampatimhi raññe kālaṅkate rājakattāro bhavantaṁ reṇuṁ rajje abhisiñceyyuṁ. Sace bhavaṁ reṇu rajjaṁ labhetha, saṁvibhajetha no rajjenā”ti.
“Yes, sir,” replied the six aristocrats. They went to Prince Reṇu and put the proposal to him.
“को नु खो, भो, अञ्ञो मम विजिते सुखो भवेथ, अञ्ञत्र भवन्तेभि? सचाहं, भो, रज्जं लभिस्सामि, संविभजिस्सामि वो रज्जेना”ति।
“Ko nu kho, bho, añño mama vijite sukho bhavetha, aññatra bhavantebhi? Sacāhaṁ, bho, rajjaṁ labhissāmi, saṁvibhajissāmi vo rajjenā”ti.
The prince replied, “Who else, sirs, in my realm ought to prosper if not you? If I gain kingship, I will share it with you all.”
अथ खो, भो, अहोरत्तानं अच्चयेन राजा दिसम्पति कालमकासि। दिसम्पतिम्हि रञ्ञे कालङ्कते राजकत्तारो रेणुं राजपुत्तं रज्जे अभिसिञ्चिंसु। अभिसित्तो रेणु रज्जेन पञ्चहि कामगुणेहि समप्पितो समङ्गीभूतो परिचारेति।
Atha kho, bho, ahorattānaṁ accayena rājā disampati kālamakāsi. Disampatimhi raññe kālaṅkate rājakattāro reṇuṁ rājaputtaṁ rajje abhisiñciṁsu. Abhisitto reṇu rajjena pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti.
In due course King Disampati passed away. At his passing, the king-makers anointed Prince Reṇu as king. But after being anointed, King Reṇu amused himself, supplied and provided with the five kinds of sensual stimulation.
अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो येन ते छ खत्तिया तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा ते छ खत्तिये एतदवोच: “दिसम्पति खो, भो, राजा कालङ्कतो। अभिसित्तो रेणु रज्जेन पञ्चहि कामगुणेहि समप्पितो समङ्गीभूतो परिचारेति। को नु खो पन, भो, जानाति, मदनीया कामा? आयन्तु, भोन्तो, येन रेणु राजा तेनुपसङ्कमथ; उपसङ्कमित्वा रेणुं राजानं एवं वदेथ: ‘दिसम्पति खो, भो, राजा कालङ्कतो, अभिसित्तो भवं रेणु रज्जेन, सरति भवं तं वचनन्ऽ”ति?
Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te cha khattiyā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te cha khattiye etadavoca: “disampati kho, bho, rājā kālaṅkato. Abhisitto reṇu rajjena pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti. Ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti, madanīyā kāmā? Āyantu, bhonto, yena reṇu rājā tenupasaṅkamatha; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṁ rājānaṁ evaṁ vadetha: ‘disampati kho, bho, rājā kālaṅkato, abhisitto bhavaṁ reṇu rajjena, sarati bhavaṁ taṁ vacanan’”ti?
Then the Great Steward went to the six aristocrats and said, “King Disampati has passed away. But after being anointed, King Reṇu amused himself, supplied and provided with the five kinds of sensual stimulation. Who knows the intoxicating power of sensual pleasures? Come, sirs, go to Prince Reṇu and say, ‘Sir, King Disampati has passed away, and you have been anointed as king. Do you remember what you said?’”
“एवं, भो”ति खो, भो, ते छ खत्तिया महागोविन्दस्स ब्राह्मणस्स पटिस्सुत्वा येन रेणु राजा तेनुपसङ्कमिंसु; उपसङ्कमित्वा रेणुं राजानं एतदवोचुं: “दिसम्पति खो, भो, राजा कालङ्कतो, अभिसित्तो भवं रेणु रज्जेन, सरति भवं तं वचनन्”ति?
“Evaṁ, bho”ti kho, bho, te cha khattiyā mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa paṭissutvā yena reṇu rājā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṁ rājānaṁ etadavocuṁ: “disampati kho, bho, rājā kālaṅkato, abhisitto bhavaṁ reṇu rajjena, sarati bhavaṁ taṁ vacanan”ti?
“Yes, sir,” replied the six aristocrats. They went to King Reṇu and said, “Sir, King Disampati has passed away, and you have been anointed as king. Do you remember what you said?”
“सरामहं, भो, तं वचनं। को नु खो, भो, पहोति इमं महापथविं उत्तरेन आयतं दक्खिणेन सकटमुखं सत्तधा समं सुविभत्तं विभजितुन्”ति?
“Sarāmahaṁ, bho, taṁ vacanaṁ. Ko nu kho, bho, pahoti imaṁ mahāpathaviṁ uttarena āyataṁ dakkhiṇena sakaṭamukhaṁ sattadhā samaṁ suvibhattaṁ vibhajitun”ti?
“I remember, sirs. Who is able to neatly divide into seven equal parts this great land, so broad in the north and narrow as the front of a cart in the south?”
“को नु खो, भो, अञ्ञो पहोति, अञ्ञत्र महागोविन्देन ब्राह्मणेना”ति?
“Ko nu kho, bho, añño pahoti, aññatra mahāgovindena brāhmaṇenā”ti?
“Who else, sir, if not the Great Steward?”
अथ खो, भो, रेणु राजा अञ्ञतरं पुरिसं आमन्तेसि: “एहि त्वं, अम्भो पुरिस, येन महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो तेनुपसङ्कम; उपसङ्कमित्वा महागोविन्दं ब्राह्मणं एवं वदेहि: ‘राजा तं, भन्ते, रेणु आमन्तेतीऽ”ति।
Atha kho, bho, reṇu rājā aññataraṁ purisaṁ āmantesi: “ehi tvaṁ, ambho purisa, yena mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā mahāgovindaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ evaṁ vadehi: ‘rājā taṁ, bhante, reṇu āmantetī’”ti.
So King Reṇu addressed one of his men, “Please, mister, go to the brahmin Great Steward and say that King Reṇu summons him.”
“एवं, देवा”ति खो, भो, सो पुरिसो रेणुस्स रञ्ञो पटिस्सुत्वा येन महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा महागोविन्दं ब्राह्मणं एतदवोच: “राजा तं, भन्ते, रेणु आमन्तेती”ति। “एवं, भो”ति खो, भो, महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो तस्स पुरिसस्स पटिस्सुत्वा येन रेणु राजा तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा रेणुना रञ्ञा सद्धिं सम्मोदि।
“Evaṁ, devā”ti kho, bho, so puriso reṇussa rañño paṭissutvā yena mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā mahāgovindaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavoca: “rājā taṁ, bhante, reṇu āmantetī”ti. “Evaṁ, bho”ti kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tassa purisassa paṭissutvā yena reṇu rājā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā reṇunā raññā saddhiṁ sammodi.
“Yes, Your Majesty,” replied that man, and did as he was asked. Then the Great Steward went to the king and exchanged greetings with him.
सम्मोदनीयं कथं सारणीयं वीतिसारेत्वा एकमन्तं निसीदि। एकमन्तं निसिन्नं खो, भो, महागोविन्दं ब्राह्मणं रेणु राजा एतदवोच: “एतु, भवं गोविन्दो इमं महापथविं उत्तरेन आयतं दक्खिणेन सकटमुखं सत्तधा समं सुविभत्तं विभजतू”ति।
Sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinnaṁ kho, bho, mahāgovindaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ reṇu rājā etadavoca: “etu, bhavaṁ govindo imaṁ mahāpathaviṁ uttarena āyataṁ dakkhiṇena sakaṭamukhaṁ sattadhā samaṁ suvibhattaṁ vibhajatū”ti.
When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side, and the king said to him, “Come, let the good Steward neatly divide into seven equal parts this great land, so broad in the north and narrow as the front of a cart in the south.”
“एवं, भो”ति खो भो महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो रेणुस्स रञ्ञो पटिस्सुत्वा इमं महापथविं उत्तरेन आयतं दक्खिणेन सकटमुखं सत्तधा समं सुविभत्तं विभजि। सब्बानि सकटमुखानि पट्ठपेसि। तत्र सुदं मज्झे रेणुस्स रञ्ञो जनपदो होति।
“Evaṁ, bho”ti kho bho mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo reṇussa rañño paṭissutvā imaṁ mahāpathaviṁ uttarena āyataṁ dakkhiṇena sakaṭamukhaṁ sattadhā samaṁ suvibhattaṁ vibhaji. Sabbāni sakaṭamukhāni paṭṭhapesi. Tatra sudaṁ majjhe reṇussa rañño janapado hoti.
“Yes, sir,” replied the Great Steward, and did as he was asked. All were arranged like the fronts of carts, and right in the middle was King Reṇu’s nation.
दन्तपुरं कलिङ्गानं, अस्सकानञ्च पोतनं; महेसयं अवन्तीनं, सोवीरानञ्च रोरुकं।
Dantapuraṁ kaliṅgānaṁ, assakānañca potanaṁ; Mahesayaṁ2 avantīnaṁ, sovīrānañca rorukaṁ.
Dantapura for the Kaliṅgas; Potana for the Assakas; Māhissatī for the Avantis; Roruka for the Sovīras;
मिथिला च विदेहानं, चम्पा अङ्गेसु मापिता; बाराणसी च कासीनं, एते गोविन्दमापिताति।
Mithilā ca videhānaṁ, campā aṅgesu māpitā; Bārāṇasī ca kāsīnaṁ, ete govindamāpitāti.
Mithilā for the Videhas; Campā was laid out for the Aṅgas; and Varanasi for the Kāsis: these were laid out by the Steward.
अथ खो, भो, ते छ खत्तिया यथासकेन लाभेन अत्तमना अहेसुं परिपुण्णसङ्कप्पा: “यं वत नो अहोसि इच्छितं, यं आकङ्खितं, यं अधिप्पेतं, यं अभिपत्थितं, तं नो लद्धन्”ति।
Atha kho, bho, te cha khattiyā yathāsakena lābhena attamanā ahesuṁ paripuṇṇasaṅkappā: “yaṁ vata no ahosi icchitaṁ, yaṁ ākaṅkhitaṁ, yaṁ adhippetaṁ, yaṁ abhipatthitaṁ, taṁ no laddhan”ti.
Then those six aristocrats were delighted with their respective gains, having achieved all they wished for, “We have received exactly what we wanted, what we wished for, what we desired, what we yearned for.”
सत्तभू ब्रह्मदत्तो च, वेस्सभू भरतो सह; रेणु द्वे धतरट्ठा च, तदासुं सत्त भारधाति।
Sattabhū brahmadatto ca, vessabhū bharato saha; Reṇu dve dhataraṭṭhā ca, tadāsuṁ satta bhāradhāti.
Sattabhū and Brahmadatta, Vessabhū and Bharata, Reṇu and the two Dhataraṭṭhas: these were the seven Bhāratas.
पठमभाणवारो निट्ठितो।
Paṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito.
The first recitation section is finished.
६।२। कित्तिसद्दअब्भुग्गमन
6.2. Kittisaddaabbhuggamana
6.2. A Good Reputation
अथ खो, भो, ते छ खत्तिया येन महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो तेनुपसङ्कमिंसु; उपसङ्कमित्वा महागोविन्दं ब्राह्मणं एतदवोचुं: “यथा खो भवं गोविन्दो रेणुस्स रञ्ञो सहायो पियो मनापो अप्पटिकूलो। एवमेव खो भवं गोविन्दो अम्हाकम्पि सहायो पियो मनापो अप्पटिकूलो, अनुसासतु नो भवं गोविन्दो; मा नो भवं गोविन्दो अनुसासनिया पच्चब्याहासी”ति।
Atha kho, bho, te cha khattiyā yena mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā mahāgovindaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavocuṁ: “yathā kho bhavaṁ govindo reṇussa rañño sahāyo piyo manāpo appaṭikūlo. Evameva kho bhavaṁ govindo amhākampi sahāyo piyo manāpo appaṭikūlo, anusāsatu no bhavaṁ govindo; mā no bhavaṁ govindo anusāsaniyā paccabyāhāsī”ti.
Then the six aristocrats approached the Great Steward and said, “Steward, just as you are King Reṇu’s friend, dear, beloved, and cherished, you are also our friend. Would you manage our affairs? Please don’t turn us down!”
“एवं, भो”ति खो महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो तेसं छन्नं खत्तियानं पच्चस्सोसि। अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो सत्त च राजानो खत्तिये मुद्धावसित्ते रज्जे अनुसासि, सत्त च ब्राह्मणमहासाले सत्त च न्हातकसतानि मन्ते वाचेसि।
“Evaṁ, bho”ti kho mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tesaṁ channaṁ khattiyānaṁ paccassosi. Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo satta ca rājāno khattiye muddhāvasitte rajje3 anusāsi, satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsāle satta ca nhātakasatāni mante vācesi.
“Yes, sirs,” replied the Great Steward. Then the Great Steward managed the realms of the seven kings. And he taught seven well-to-do brahmins, and seven hundred bathed initiates to recite the hymns.
अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दस्स ब्राह्मणस्स अपरेन समयेन एवं कल्याणो कित्तिसद्दो अब्भुग्गच्छि: “सक्खि महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो ब्रह्मानं पस्सति, सक्खि महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो ब्रह्मुना साकच्छेति सल्लपति मन्तेती”ति।
Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa aparena samayena evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchi: “sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṁ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī”ti.
After some time he got this good reputation, “The Great Steward sees Brahmā in person! The Great Steward discusses, converses, and consults with Brahmā in person!”
अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दस्स ब्राह्मणस्स एतदहोसि: “मय्हं खो एवं कल्याणो कित्तिसद्दो अब्भुग्गतो: ‘सक्खि महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो ब्रह्मानं पस्सति, सक्खि महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो ब्रह्मुना साकच्छेति सल्लपति मन्तेतीऽति। न खो पनाहं ब्रह्मानं पस्सामि, न ब्रह्मुना साकच्छेमि, न ब्रह्मुना सल्लपामि, न ब्रह्मुना मन्तेमि। सुतं खो पन मेतं ब्राह्मणानं वुद्धानं महल्लकानं आचरियपाचरियानं भासमानानं: ‘यो वस्सिके चत्तारो मासे पटिसल्लीयति, करुणं झानं झायति, सो ब्रह्मानं पस्सति ब्रह्मुना साकच्छेति ब्रह्मुना सल्लपति ब्रह्मुना मन्तेतीऽति। यन्नूनाहं वस्सिके चत्तारो मासे पटिसल्लीयेय्यं, करुणं झानं झायेय्यन्”ति।
Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi: “mayhaṁ kho evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato: ‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṁ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti. Na kho panāhaṁ brahmānaṁ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi, na brahmunā sallapāmi, na brahmunā mantemi. Sutaṁ kho pana metaṁ brāhmaṇānaṁ vuddhānaṁ mahallakānaṁ ācariyapācariyānaṁ bhāsamānānaṁ: ‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyati, so brahmānaṁ passati brahmunā sākaccheti brahmunā sallapati brahmunā mantetī’ti. Yannūnāhaṁ vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyeyyaṁ, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyeyyan”ti.
The Great Steward thought, “I have the reputation of seeing Brahmā in person, and discussing with him in person. But I don’t. I have heard that brahmins of the past who were elderly and senior, the teachers of teachers, said: ‘Whoever goes on retreat for the four months of the rainy season and practices the jhāna on compassion sees Brahmā and discusses with him.’ Why don’t I do that?”
अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो येन रेणु राजा तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा रेणुं राजानं एतदवोच: “मय्हं खो, भो, एवं कल्याणो कित्तिसद्दो अब्भुग्गतो: ‘सक्खि महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो ब्रह्मानं पस्सति, सक्खि महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो ब्रह्मुना साकच्छेति सल्लपति मन्तेतीऽति। न खो पनाहं, भो, ब्रह्मानं पस्सामि, न ब्रह्मुना साकच्छेमि, न ब्रह्मुना सल्लपामि, न ब्रह्मुना मन्तेमि। सुतं खो पन मेतं ब्राह्मणानं वुद्धानं महल्लकानं आचरियपाचरियानं भासमानानं: ‘यो वस्सिके चत्तारो मासे पटिसल्लीयति, करुणं झानं झायति, सो ब्रह्मानं पस्सति, ब्रह्मुना साकच्छेति ब्रह्मुना सल्लपति ब्रह्मुना मन्तेतीऽति। इच्छामहं, भो, वस्सिके चत्तारो मासे पटिसल्लीयितुं, करुणं झानं झायितुं; नम्हि केनचि उपसङ्कमितब्बो अञ्ञत्र एकेन भत्ताभिहारेना”ति।
Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena reṇu rājā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṁ rājānaṁ etadavoca: “mayhaṁ kho, bho, evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato: ‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṁ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti. Na kho panāhaṁ, bho, brahmānaṁ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi, na brahmunā sallapāmi, na brahmunā mantemi. Sutaṁ kho pana metaṁ brāhmaṇānaṁ vuddhānaṁ mahallakānaṁ ācariyapācariyānaṁ bhāsamānānaṁ: ‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyati, so brahmānaṁ passati, brahmunā sākaccheti brahmunā sallapati brahmunā mantetī’ti. Icchāmahaṁ, bho, vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyituṁ, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyituṁ; namhi kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo aññatra ekena bhattābhihārenā”ti.
So the Great Steward went to King Reṇu and told him of the situation, saying, “Sir, I wish to go on retreat for the four months of the rainy season and practice the jhāna on compassion. No one should approach me, except for the one who brings my meal.”
“यस्सदानि भवं गोविन्दो कालं मञ्ञती”ति।
“Yassadāni bhavaṁ govindo kālaṁ maññatī”ti.
“Please do so, Steward, at your convenience.”
अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो येन ते छ खत्तिया तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा ते छ खत्तिये एतदवोच: “मय्हं खो, भो, एवं कल्याणो कित्तिसद्दो अब्भुग्गतो: ‘सक्खि महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो ब्रह्मानं पस्सति, सक्खि महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो ब्रह्मुना साकच्छेति सल्लपति मन्तेतीऽति। न खो पनाहं, भो, ब्रह्मानं पस्सामि, न ब्रह्मुना साकच्छेमि, न ब्रह्मुना सल्लपामि, न ब्रह्मुना मन्तेमि। सुतं खो पन मेतं ब्राह्मणानं वुद्धानं महल्लकानं आचरियपाचरियानं भासमानानं, ‘यो वस्सिके चत्तारो मासे पटिसल्लीयति, करुणं झानं झायति, सो ब्रह्मानं पस्सति ब्रह्मुना साकच्छेति ब्रह्मुना सल्लपति ब्रह्मुना मन्तेतीऽति। इच्छामहं, भो, वस्सिके चत्तारो मासे पटिसल्लीयितुं, करुणं झानं झायितुं; नम्हि केनचि उपसङ्कमितब्बो अञ्ञत्र एकेन भत्ताभिहारेना”ति। “यस्सदानि भवं गोविन्दो कालं मञ्ञती”ति।
Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te cha khattiyā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te cha khattiye etadavoca: “mayhaṁ kho, bho, evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato: ‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṁ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti. Na kho panāhaṁ, bho, brahmānaṁ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi, na brahmunā sallapāmi, na brahmunā mantemi. Sutaṁ kho pana metaṁ brāhmaṇānaṁ vuddhānaṁ mahallakānaṁ ācariyapācariyānaṁ bhāsamānānaṁ, ‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyati, so brahmānaṁ passati brahmunā sākaccheti brahmunā sallapati brahmunā mantetī’ti. Icchāmahaṁ, bho, vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyituṁ, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyituṁ; namhi kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo aññatra ekena bhattābhihārenā”ti. “Yassadāni bhavaṁ govindo kālaṁ maññatī”ti.
Then the Great Steward went to the six aristocrats to put the same proposal, and received the same reply.
अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो येन ते सत्त च ब्राह्मणमहासाला सत्त च न्हातकसतानि तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा ते सत्त च ब्राह्मणमहासाले सत्त च न्हातकसतानि एतदवोच: “मय्हं खो, भो, एवं कल्याणो कित्तिसद्दो अब्भुग्गतो: ‘सक्खि महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो ब्रह्मानं पस्सति, सक्खि महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो ब्रह्मुना साकच्छेति सल्लपति मन्तेतीऽति। न खो पनाहं, भो, ब्रह्मानं पस्सामि, न ब्रह्मुना साकच्छेमि, न ब्रह्मुना सल्लपामि, न ब्रह्मुना मन्तेमि। सुतं खो पन मेतं ब्राह्मणानं वुद्धानं महल्लकानं आचरियपाचरियानं भासमानानं: ‘यो वस्सिके चत्तारो मासे पटिसल्लीयति, करुणं झानं झायति, सो ब्रह्मानं पस्सति, ब्रह्मुना साकच्छेति, ब्रह्मुना सल्लपति, ब्रह्मुना मन्तेतीऽति। तेन हि, भो, यथासुते यथापरियत्ते मन्ते वित्थारेन सज्झायं करोथ, अञ्ञमञ्ञञ्च मन्ते वाचेथ; इच्छामहं, भो, वस्सिके चत्तारो मासे पटिसल्लीयितुं, करुणं झानं झायितुं;
Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsālā satta ca nhātakasatāni tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsāle satta ca nhātakasatāni etadavoca: “mayhaṁ kho, bho, evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato: ‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṁ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti. Na kho panāhaṁ, bho, brahmānaṁ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi, na brahmunā sallapāmi, na brahmunā mantemi. Sutaṁ kho pana metaṁ brāhmaṇānaṁ vuddhānaṁ mahallakānaṁ ācariyapācariyānaṁ bhāsamānānaṁ: ‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyati, so brahmānaṁ passati, brahmunā sākaccheti, brahmunā sallapati, brahmunā mantetī’ti. Tena hi, bho, yathāsute yathāpariyatte mante vitthārena sajjhāyaṁ karotha, aññamaññañca mante vācetha; icchāmahaṁ, bho, vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyituṁ, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyituṁ;
He also went to the seven well-to-do brahmins and seven hundred bathed initiates and put to them the same proposal, adding, “Sirs, recite the hymns in detail as you have learned and memorized them, and teach each other how to recite.”
नम्हि केनचि उपसङ्कमितब्बो अञ्ञत्र एकेन भत्ताभिहारेना”ति। “यस्सदानि भवं गोविन्दो कालं मञ्ञती”ति।
namhi kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo aññatra ekena bhattābhihārenā”ti. “Yassadāni bhavaṁ govindo kālaṁ maññatī”ti.
And they too said, “Please do so, Steward, at your convenience.”
अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो येन चत्तारीसा भरिया सादिसियो तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा चत्तारीसा भरिया सादिसियो एतदवोच: “मय्हं खो, भोती, एवं कल्याणो कित्तिसद्दो अब्भुग्गतो: ‘सक्खि महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो ब्रह्मानं पस्सति, सक्खि महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो ब्रह्मुना साकच्छेति सल्लपति मन्तेतीऽति। न खो पनाहं, भोती, ब्रह्मानं पस्सामि, न ब्रह्मुना साकच्छेमि, न ब्रह्मुना सल्लपामि, न ब्रह्मुना मन्तेमि। सुतं खो पन मेतं ब्राह्मणानं वुद्धानं महल्लकानं आचरियपाचरियानं भासमानानं ‘यो वस्सिके चत्तारो मासे पटिसल्लीयति, करुणं झानं झायति, सो ब्रह्मानं पस्सति, ब्रह्मुना साकच्छेति, ब्रह्मुना सल्लपति, ब्रह्मुना मन्तेतीऽति, इच्छामहं, भोती, वस्सिके चत्तारो मासे पटिसल्लीयितुं, करुणं झानं झायितुं; नम्हि केनचि उपसङ्कमितब्बो अञ्ञत्र एकेन भत्ताभिहारेना”ति। “यस्सदानि भवं गोविन्दो कालं मञ्ञती”ति।
Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena cattārīsā bhariyā sādisiyo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā cattārīsā bhariyā sādisiyo etadavoca: “mayhaṁ kho, bhotī, evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato: ‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṁ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti. Na kho panāhaṁ, bhotī, brahmānaṁ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi, na brahmunā sallapāmi, na brahmunā mantemi. Sutaṁ kho pana metaṁ brāhmaṇānaṁ vuddhānaṁ mahallakānaṁ ācariyapācariyānaṁ bhāsamānānaṁ ‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyati, so brahmānaṁ passati, brahmunā sākaccheti, brahmunā sallapati, brahmunā mantetī’ti, icchāmahaṁ, bhotī, vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyituṁ, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyituṁ; namhi kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo aññatra ekena bhattābhihārenā”ti. “Yassadāni bhavaṁ govindo kālaṁ maññatī”ti.
Then the Great Steward went to his forty equal wives to put the same proposal to them, and received the same reply.
अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो पुरत्थिमेन नगरस्स नवं सन्धागारं कारापेत्वा वस्सिके चत्तारो मासे पटिसल्लीयि, करुणं झानं झायि; नास्सुध कोचि उपसङ्कमति अञ्ञत्र एकेन भत्ताभिहारेन।
Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo puratthimena nagarassa navaṁ sandhāgāraṁ kārāpetvā vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyi, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyi; nāssudha koci upasaṅkamati4 aññatra ekena bhattābhihārena.
Then the Great Steward had a new meeting hall built to the east of his citadel, where he went on retreat for the four months of the rainy season and practiced the jhāna on compassion. And no one approached him except the one who brought him meals.
अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दस्स ब्राह्मणस्स चतुन्नं मासानं अच्चयेन अहुदेव उक्कण्ठना अहु परितस्सना: “सुतं खो पन मेतं ब्राह्मणानं वुद्धानं महल्लकानं आचरियपाचरियानं भासमानानं: ‘यो वस्सिके चत्तारो मासे पटिसल्लीयति, करुणं झानं झायति, सो ब्रह्मानं पस्सति, ब्रह्मुना साकच्छेति ब्रह्मुना सल्लपति ब्रह्मुना मन्तेतीऽति। न खो पनाहं ब्रह्मानं पस्सामि, न ब्रह्मुना साकच्छेमि न ब्रह्मुना सल्लपामि न ब्रह्मुना मन्तेमी”ति।
Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa catunnaṁ māsānaṁ accayena ahudeva ukkaṇṭhanā ahu paritassanā: “sutaṁ kho pana metaṁ brāhmaṇānaṁ vuddhānaṁ mahallakānaṁ ācariyapācariyānaṁ bhāsamānānaṁ: ‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṁ jhānaṁ jhāyati, so brahmānaṁ passati, brahmunā sākaccheti brahmunā sallapati brahmunā mantetī’ti. Na kho panāhaṁ brahmānaṁ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi na brahmunā sallapāmi na brahmunā mantemī”ti.
But then, when the four months had passed, the Great Steward became dissatisfied and anxious, “I have heard that brahmins of the past said that whoever goes on retreat for the four months of the rainy season and practices the jhāna on compassion sees Brahmā and discusses with him. But I neither see Brahmā nor discuss with him.”
६।३। ब्रह्मुनासाकच्छा
6.3. Brahmunāsākacchā
6.3. A Discussion With Brahmā
अथ खो, भो, ब्रह्मा सनङ्कुमारो महागोविन्दस्स ब्राह्मणस्स चेतसा चेतोपरिवितक्कमञ्ञाय—सेय्यथापि नाम बलवा पुरिसो समिञ्जितं वा बाहं पसारेय्य, पसारितं वा बाहं समिञ्जेय्य; एवमेव—ब्रह्मलोके अन्तरहितो महागोविन्दस्स ब्राह्मणस्स सम्मुखे पातुरहोसि। अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दस्स ब्राह्मणस्स अहुदेव भयं अहु छम्भितत्तं अहु लोमहंसो यथा तं अदिट्ठपुब्बं रूपं दिस्वा। अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो भीतो संविग्गो लोमहट्ठजातो ब्रह्मानं सनङ्कुमारं गाथाय अज्झभासि:
Atha kho, bho, brahmā sanaṅkumāro mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya—seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṁ vā bāhaṁ pasāreyya, pasāritaṁ vā bāhaṁ samiñjeyya; evameva—brahmaloke antarahito mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa sammukhe pāturahosi. Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa ahudeva bhayaṁ ahu chambhitattaṁ ahu lomahaṁso yathā taṁ adiṭṭhapubbaṁ rūpaṁ disvā. Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo bhīto saṁviggo lomahaṭṭhajāto brahmānaṁ sanaṅkumāraṁ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi:
And then Brahmā Sanaṅkumāra, knowing what the Great Steward was thinking, as easily as a strong person would extend or contract their arm, vanished from the Brahmā realm and reappeared in the Great Steward’s presence. At that, the Great Steward became frightened, scared, his hair standing on end, as he had never seen such a sight before. So he addressed Brahmā Sanaṅkumāra in verse:
“वण्णवा यसवा सिरिमा, को नु त्वमसि मारिस; अजानन्ता तं पुच्छाम, कथं जानेमु तं मयन्”ति।
“Vaṇṇavā yasavā sirimā, ko nu tvamasi mārisa; Ajānantā taṁ pucchāma, kathaṁ jānemu taṁ mayan”ti.
“Who might you be, sir, so beautiful, glorious, majestic? Not knowing, I ask—how am I to know who you are?”
“मं वे कुमारं जानन्ति, ब्रह्मलोके सनन्तनं; सब्बे जानन्ति मं देवा, एवं गोविन्द जानहि”।
“Maṁ ve kumāraṁ jānanti, brahmaloke sanantanaṁ; Sabbe jānanti maṁ devā, evaṁ govinda jānahi”.
“In the Brahmā realm they know me as ‘The Eternal Youth’. All the gods know me thus, and so you should know me, Steward.”
“आसनं उदकं पज्जं, मधुसाकञ्च ब्रह्मुनो; अग्घे भवन्तं पुच्छाम, अग्घं कुरुतु नो भवं”।
“Āsanaṁ udakaṁ pajjaṁ, madhusākañca5 brahmuno; Agghe bhavantaṁ pucchāma, agghaṁ kurutu no bhavaṁ”.
“A Brahmā deserves a seat and water, foot-salve, and sweet cakes. Sir, I ask you to please accept these gifts of hospitality.”
“पटिग्गण्हाम ते अग्घं, यं त्वं गोविन्द भाससि; दिट्ठधम्महितत्थाय, सम्पराय सुखाय च; कतावकासो पुच्छस्सु, यं किञ्चि अभिपत्थितन्”ति।
“Paṭiggaṇhāma te agghaṁ, yaṁ tvaṁ govinda bhāsasi; Diṭṭhadhammahitatthāya, samparāya sukhāya ca; Katāvakāso pucchassu, yaṁ kiñci abhipatthitan”ti.
“I accept the gifts of hospitality of which you speak. I grant you the opportunity to ask whatever you desire—about welfare and benefit in this life, or happiness in lives to come.”
अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दस्स ब्राह्मणस्स एतदहोसि: “कतावकासो खोम्हि ब्रह्मुना सनङ्कुमारेन। किं नु खो अहं ब्रह्मानं सनङ्कुमारं पुच्छेय्यं दिट्ठधम्मिकं वा अत्थं सम्परायिकं वा”ति?
Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi: “katāvakāso khomhi brahmunā sanaṅkumārena. Kiṁ nu kho ahaṁ brahmānaṁ sanaṅkumāraṁ puccheyyaṁ diṭṭhadhammikaṁ vā atthaṁ samparāyikaṁ vā”ti?
Then the Great Steward thought, “Brahmā Sanaṅkumāra has granted me an opportunity. Should I ask him about what is beneficial for this life or lives to come?”
अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दस्स ब्राह्मणस्स एतदहोसि: “कुसलो खो अहं दिट्ठधम्मिकानं अत्थानं, अञ्ञेपि मं दिट्ठधम्मिकं अत्थं पुच्छन्ति। यन्नूनाहं ब्रह्मानं सनङ्कुमारं सम्परायिकञ्ञेव अत्थं पुच्छेय्यन्”ति। अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो ब्रह्मानं सनङ्कुमारं गाथाय अज्झभासि:
Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi: “kusalo kho ahaṁ diṭṭhadhammikānaṁ atthānaṁ, aññepi maṁ diṭṭhadhammikaṁ atthaṁ pucchanti. Yannūnāhaṁ brahmānaṁ sanaṅkumāraṁ samparāyikaññeva atthaṁ puccheyyan”ti. Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṁ sanaṅkumāraṁ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi:
Then he thought, “I’m a skilled in what is beneficial for this life, and others even ask me about it. Why don’t I ask Brahmā about the benefit that specifically applies to lives to come?” So he addressed Brahmā Sanaṅkumāra in verse:
“पुच्छामि ब्रह्मानं सनङ्कुमारं, कङ्खी अकङ्खिं परवेदियेसु; कत्थट्ठितो किम्हि च सिक्खमानो, पप्पोति मच्चो अमतं ब्रह्मलोकन्”ति।
“Pucchāmi brahmānaṁ sanaṅkumāraṁ, Kaṅkhī akaṅkhiṁ paravediyesu; Katthaṭṭhito kimhi ca sikkhamāno, Pappoti macco amataṁ brahmalokan”ti.
“I’m in doubt, so I ask Brahmā—
who is free of doubt— about things one may learn from another. Standing on what, training in what may a mortal reach the deathless Brahmā realm?”
“हित्वा ममत्तं मनुजेसु ब्रह्मे, एकोदिभूतो करुणेधिमुत्तो; निरामगन्धो विरतो मेथुनस्मा, एत्थट्ठितो एत्थ च सिक्खमानो; पप्पोति मच्चो अमतं ब्रह्मलोकन्”ति।
“Hitvā mamattaṁ manujesu brahme, Ekodibhūto karuṇedhimutto; Nirāmagandho virato methunasmā, Etthaṭṭhito ettha ca sikkhamāno; Pappoti macco amataṁ brahmalokan”ti.
“He among men, O brahmin,
“‘हित्वा ममत्तन्ऽति अहं, भोतो, आजानामि। इधेकच्चो अप्पं वा भोगक्खन्धं पहाय महन्तं वा भोगक्खन्धं पहाय अप्पं वा ञातिपरिवट्टं पहाय महन्तं वा ञातिपरिवट्टं पहाय केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजति, इति ‘हित्वा ममत्तन्ऽति अहं, भोतो, आजानामि।
“‘Hitvā mamattan’ti ahaṁ, bhoto, ājānāmi. Idhekacco appaṁ vā bhogakkhandhaṁ pahāya mahantaṁ vā bhogakkhandhaṁ pahāya appaṁ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṁ pahāya mahantaṁ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṁ pahāya kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajati, iti ‘hitvā mamattan’ti ahaṁ, bhoto, ājānāmi.
“Sir, I understand what ‘giving up possessiveness’ means. It’s when someone gives up a large or small fortune, and a large or small family circle. They shave off hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness. That’s how I understand ‘giving up possessiveness’.
‘एकोदिभूतोऽति अहं, भोतो, आजानामि। इधेकच्चो विवित्तं सेनासनं भजति अरञ्ञं रुक्खमूलं पब्बतं कन्दरं गिरिगुहं सुसानं वनपत्थं अब्भोकासं पलालपुञ्जं, इति ‘एकोदिभूतोऽति अहं, भोतो, आजानामि।
‘Ekodibhūto’ti ahaṁ, bhoto, ājānāmi. Idhekacco vivittaṁ senāsanaṁ bhajati araññaṁ rukkhamūlaṁ pabbataṁ kandaraṁ giriguhaṁ susānaṁ vanapatthaṁ abbhokāsaṁ palālapuñjaṁ, iti ‘ekodibhūto’ti ahaṁ, bhoto, ājānāmi.
Sir, I understand what ‘at one’ means. It’s when someone frequents a secluded lodging—a wilderness, the root of a tree, a hill, a ravine, a mountain cave, a charnel ground, a forest, the open air, a heap of straw. That’s how I understand ‘at one’.
‘करुणेधिमुत्तोऽति अहं, भोतो, आजानामि। इधेकच्चो करुणासहगतेन चेतसा एकं दिसं फरित्वा विहरति, तथा दुतियं, तथा ततियं, तथा चतुत्थं। इति उद्धमधोतिरियं सब्बधि सब्बत्तताय सब्बावन्तं लोकं करुणासहगतेन चेतसा विपुलेन महग्गतेन अप्पमाणेन अवेरेन अब्यापज्जेन फरित्वा विहरति। इति ‘करुणेधिमुत्तोऽति अहं, भोतो, आजानामि।
‘Karuṇedhimutto’ti ahaṁ, bhoto, ājānāmi. Idhekacco karuṇāsahagatena cetasā ekaṁ disaṁ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṁ, tathā tatiyaṁ, tathā catutthaṁ. Iti uddhamadhotiriyaṁ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṁ lokaṁ karuṇāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. Iti ‘karuṇedhimutto’ti ahaṁ, bhoto, ājānāmi.
Sir, I understand what ‘compassionate’ means. It’s when someone meditates spreading a heart full of compassion to one direction, and to the second, and to the third, and to the fourth. In the same way above, below, across, everywhere, all around, they spread a heart full of compassion to the whole world—abundant, expansive, limitless, free of enmity and ill will. That’s how I understand ‘compassionate’.
आमगन्धे च खो अहं, भोतो, भासमानस्स न आजानामि।
Āmagandhe ca kho ahaṁ, bhoto, bhāsamānassa na ājānāmi.
But I don’t understand what you say about putrefaction.
के आमगन्धा मनुजेसु ब्रह्मे, एते अविद्वा इध ब्रूहि धीर; केनावटा वाति पजा कुरुतु, आपायिका निवुतब्रह्मलोका”ति।
Ke āmagandhā manujesu brahme, Ete avidvā idha brūhi dhīra; Kenāvaṭā vāti pajā kurutu, Āpāyikā nivutabrahmalokā”ti.
What among men, O Brahmā, is putrefaction? I don’t understand, so tell me, wise one: wrapped in what do people stink, headed for hell, shut out of the Brahmā realm?”
“कोधो मोसवज्जं निकति च दुब्भो, कदरियता अतिमानो उसूया; इच्छा विविच्छा परहेठना च, लोभो च दोसो च मदो च मोहो; एतेसु युत्ता अनिरामगन्धा, आपायिका निवुतब्रह्मलोका”ति।
“Kodho mosavajjaṁ nikati ca dubbho, Kadariyatā atimāno usūyā; Icchā vivicchā paraheṭhanā ca, Lobho ca doso ca mado ca moho; Etesu yuttā anirāmagandhā, Āpāyikā nivutabrahmalokā”ti.
“Anger, lies, fraud, and deceit, miserliness, vanity, jealousy, desire, stinginess, harassing others, greed, hate, vanity, and delusion—those bound to such things
“यथा खो अहं, भोतो, आमगन्धे भासमानस्स आजानामि। ते न सुनिम्मदया अगारं अज्झावसता। पब्बजिस्सामहं, भो, अगारस्मा अनगारियन्”ति।
“Yathā kho ahaṁ, bhoto, āmagandhe bhāsamānassa ājānāmi. Te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā. Pabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.
“As I understand what you say about putrefaction, it’s not easy to quell while living at home. I shall go forth from the lay life to homelessness!”
“यस्सदानि भवं गोविन्दो कालं मञ्ञती”ति।
“Yassadāni bhavaṁ govindo kālaṁ maññatī”ti.
“Please do so, Steward, at your convenience.”
६।४। रेणुराजआमन्तना
6.4. Reṇurājaāmantanā
6.4. Informing King Reṇu
अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो येन रेणु राजा तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा रेणुं राजानं एतदवोच: “अञ्ञं दानि भवं पुरोहितं परियेसतु, यो भोतो रज्जं अनुसासिस्सति। इच्छामहं, भो, अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितुं। यथा खो पन मे सुतं ब्रह्मुनो आमगन्धे भासमानस्स, ते न सुनिम्मदया अगारं अज्झावसता। पब्बजिस्सामहं, भो, अगारस्मा अनगारियन्”ति।
Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena reṇu rājā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṁ rājānaṁ etadavoca: “aññaṁ dāni bhavaṁ purohitaṁ pariyesatu, yo bhoto rajjaṁ anusāsissati. Icchāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajituṁ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā. Pabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.
So the Great Steward went to King Reṇu and said, “Sir, please now find another high priest to manage the affairs of state for you. I wish to go forth from the lay life to homelessness. As I understand what Brahmā says about putrefaction, it’s not easy to quell while living at home. I shall go forth from the lay life to homelessness.
“आमन्तयामि राजानं, रेणुं भूमिपतिं अहं; त्वं पजानस्सु रज्जेन, नाहं पोरोहिच्चे रमे”।
“Āmantayāmi rājānaṁ, reṇuṁ bhūmipatiṁ ahaṁ; Tvaṁ pajānassu rajjena, nāhaṁ porohicce rame”.
I announce to King Reṇu, the lord of the land: you must learn how to rule, for I no longer care for my ministry.”
“सचे ते ऊनं कामेहि, अहं परिपूरयामि ते; यो तं हिंसति वारेमि, भूमिसेनापति अहं; तुवं पिता अहं पुत्तो, मा नो गोविन्द पाजहि”।
“Sace te ūnaṁ kāmehi, ahaṁ paripūrayāmi te; Yo taṁ hiṁsati vāremi, bhūmisenāpati ahaṁ; Tuvaṁ pitā ahaṁ putto, mā no govinda pājahi”.
“If you’re lacking any pleasures, I’ll supply them for you. I’ll protect you from any harm, for I command the nation’s army. You are my father, I am your son! O Steward, please don’t leave!”
“नमत्थि ऊनं कामेहि, हिंसिता मे न विज्जति; अमनुस्सवचो सुत्वा, तस्माहं न गहे रमे”।
“Namatthi ūnaṁ kāmehi, hiṁsitā me na vijjati; Amanussavaco sutvā, tasmāhaṁ na gahe rame”.
“I’m lacking no pleasures, and no-one is harming me. I’ve heard a non-human voice, so I no longer care for lay life.”
“अमनुस्सो कथंवण्णो, किं ते अत्थं अभासथ; यञ्च सुत्वा जहासि नो, गेहे अम्हे च केवली”।
“Amanusso kathaṁvaṇṇo, kiṁ te atthaṁ abhāsatha; Yañca sutvā jahāsi no, gehe amhe ca kevalī”.
“What was that non-human like? What did he say to you, hearing which you would abandon our house and all our people?”
“उपवुत्थस्स मे पुब्बे, यिट्ठुकामस्स मे सतो; अग्गि पज्जलितो आसि, कुसपत्तपरित्थतो।
“Upavutthassa me pubbe, yiṭṭhukāmassa me sato; Aggi pajjalito āsi, kusapattaparitthato.
“Before entering this retreat, I only liked to sacrifice. I kindled the sacred flame, strewn about with kusa grass.
ततो मे ब्रह्मा पातुरहु, ब्रह्मलोका सनन्तनो; सो मे पञ्हं वियाकासि, तं सुत्वा न गहे रमे”।
Tato me brahmā pāturahu, brahmalokā sanantano; So me pañhaṁ viyākāsi, taṁ sutvā na gahe rame”.
But then Brahmā the Eternal Youth appeared to me from the Brahmā realm. He answered my question, hearing which I no longer care for lay life.”
“सद्दहामि अहं भोतो, यं त्वं गोविन्द भाससि; अमनुस्सवचो सुत्वा, कथं वत्तेथ अञ्ञथा।
“Saddahāmi ahaṁ bhoto, yaṁ tvaṁ govinda bhāsasi; Amanussavaco sutvā, kathaṁ vattetha aññathā.
“I have faith, O Steward, in that of which you speak. Having heard a non-human voice, what else could you do?
ते तं अनुवत्तिस्साम, सत्था गोविन्द नो भवं; मणि यथा वेळुरियो, अकाचो विमलो सुभो; एवं सुद्धा चरिस्साम, गोविन्दस्सानुसासनेति।
Te taṁ anuvattissāma, satthā govinda no bhavaṁ; Maṇi yathā veḷuriyo, akāco vimalo subho; Evaṁ suddhā carissāma, govindassānusāsaneti.
We will follow your example, Steward, be my Teacher! Like a gem of beryl—flawless, immaculate, beautiful—that’s how pure we shall live, in the Steward’s dispensation.
सचे भवं गोविन्दो अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजिस्सति, मयम्पि अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजिस्साम। अथ या ते गति, सा नो गति भविस्सती”ति।
Sace bhavaṁ govindo agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissati, mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāma. Atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.
If the Steward is going forth from the lay life to homelessness, we shall do so too. Your destiny shall be ours.”
६।५। छखत्तियआमन्तना
6.5. Chakhattiyaāmantanā
6.5. Informing the Six Aristocrats
अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो येन ते छ खत्तिया तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा ते छ खत्तिये एतदवोच: “अञ्ञं दानि भवन्तो पुरोहितं परियेसन्तु, यो भवन्तानं रज्जे अनुसासिस्सति। इच्छामहं, भो, अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितुं। यथा खो पन मे सुतं ब्रह्मुनो आमगन्धे भासमानस्स, ते न सुनिम्मदया अगारं अज्झावसता। पब्बजिस्सामहं, भो, अगारस्मा अनगारियन्”ति।
Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te cha khattiyā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te cha khattiye etadavoca: “aññaṁ dāni bhavanto purohitaṁ pariyesantu, yo bhavantānaṁ rajje anusāsissati. Icchāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajituṁ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā. Pabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.
Then the Great Steward went to the six aristocrats and said, “Sirs, please now find another high priest to manage the affairs of state for you. I wish to go forth from the lay life to homelessness. As I understand what Brahmā says about putrefaction, it’s not easy to quell while living at home. I shall go forth from the lay life to homelessness!”
अथ खो, भो, ते छ खत्तिया एकमन्तं अपक्कम्म एवं समचिन्तेसुं: “इमे खो ब्राह्मणा नाम धनलुद्धा; यन्नून मयं महागोविन्दं ब्राह्मणं धनेन सिक्खेय्यामा”ति।
Atha kho, bho, te cha khattiyā ekamantaṁ apakkamma evaṁ samacintesuṁ: “ime kho brāhmaṇā nāma dhanaluddhā; yannūna mayaṁ mahāgovindaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ dhanena sikkheyyāmā”ti.
Then the six aristocrats withdrew to one side and thought up a plan, “These brahmins are greedy for wealth. Why don’t we try to persuade him with wealth?”
ते महागोविन्दं ब्राह्मणं उपसङ्कमित्वा एवमाहंसु: “संविज्जति खो, भो, इमेसु सत्तसु रज्जेसु पहूतं सापतेय्यं, ततो भोतो यावतकेन अत्थो, तावतकं आहरीयतन्”ति।
Te mahāgovindaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ upasaṅkamitvā evamāhaṁsu: “saṁvijjati kho, bho, imesu sattasu rajjesu pahūtaṁ sāpateyyaṁ, tato bhoto yāvatakena attho, tāvatakaṁ āharīyatan”ti.
They returned to the Great Steward and said, “In these seven kingdoms there is abundant wealth. We’ll get you as much as you want.”
“अलं, भो, ममपिदं पहूतं सापतेय्यं भवन्तानंयेव वाहसा। तमहं सब्बं पहाय अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजिस्सामि। यथा खो पन मे सुतं ब्रह्मुनो आमगन्धे भासमानस्स, ते न सुनिम्मदया अगारं अज्झावसता, पब्बजिस्सामहं, भो, अगारस्मा अनगारियन्”ति।
“Alaṁ, bho, mamapidaṁ pahūtaṁ sāpateyyaṁ bhavantānaṁyeva vāhasā. Tamahaṁ sabbaṁ pahāya agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāmi. Yathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.
“Enough, sirs. I already have abundant wealth, owing to my lords. Giving up all that, I shall go forth.”
अथ खो, भो, ते छ खत्तिया एकमन्तं अपक्कम्म एवं समचिन्तेसुं: “इमे खो ब्राह्मणा नाम इत्थिलुद्धा; यन्नून मयं महागोविन्दं ब्राह्मणं इत्थीहि सिक्खेय्यामा”ति।
Atha kho, bho, te cha khattiyā ekamantaṁ apakkamma evaṁ samacintesuṁ: “ime kho brāhmaṇā nāma itthiluddhā; yannūna mayaṁ mahāgovindaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ itthīhi sikkheyyāmā”ti.
Then the six aristocrats withdrew to one side and thought up a plan, “These brahmins are greedy for women. Why don’t we try to persuade him with women?”
ते महागोविन्दं ब्राह्मणं उपसङ्कमित्वा एवमाहंसु: “संविज्जन्ति खो, भो, इमेसु सत्तसु रज्जेसु पहूता इत्थियो, ततो भोतो यावतिकाहि अत्थो, तावतिका आनीयतन्”ति।
Te mahāgovindaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ upasaṅkamitvā evamāhaṁsu: “saṁvijjanti kho, bho, imesu sattasu rajjesu pahūtā itthiyo, tato bhoto yāvatikāhi attho, tāvatikā ānīyatan”ti.
They returned to the Great Steward and said, “In these seven kingdoms there are many women. We’ll get you as many as you want.”
“अलं, भो, ममपिमा चत्तारीसा भरिया सादिसियो। तापाहं सब्बा पहाय अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजिस्सामि। यथा खो पन मे सुतं ब्रह्मुनो आमगन्धे भासमानस्स, ते न सुनिम्मदया अगारं अज्झावसता, पब्बजिस्सामहं, भो, अगारस्मा अनगारियन्ति”।
“Alaṁ, bho, mamapimā6 cattārīsā bhariyā sādisiyo. Tāpāhaṁ sabbā pahāya agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāmi. Yathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyanti”.
“Enough, sirs. I already have forty equal wives. Giving up all them, I shall go forth.”
“सचे भवं गोविन्दो अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजिस्सति, मयम्पि अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजिस्साम, अथ या ते गति, सा नो गति भविस्सती”ति।
“Sace bhavaṁ govindo agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissati, mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.
“If the Steward is going forth from the lay life to homelessness, we shall do so too. Your destiny shall be ours.”
“सचे जहथ कामानि, यत्थ सत्तो पुथुज्जनो; आरम्भव्हो दळ्हा होथ, खन्तीबलसमाहिता।
“Sace jahatha kāmāni, yattha satto puthujjano; Ārambhavho daḷhā hotha, khantībalasamāhitā.
“If you all give up sensual pleasures, to which ordinary people are attached, exert yourselves, being strong, and possessing the power of patience.
एस मग्गो उजुमग्गो, एस मग्गो अनुत्तरो; सद्धम्मो सब्भि रक्खितो, ब्रह्मलोकूपपत्तिया”ति।
Esa maggo ujumaggo, esa maggo anuttaro; Saddhammo sabbhi rakkhito, brahmalokūpapattiyā”ti.
This path is the straight path, this path is supreme. Guarded by the good, the true teaching leads to rebirth in the Brahmā realm.”
“तेन हि भवं गोविन्दो सत्त वस्सानि आगमेतु। सत्तन्नं वस्सानं अच्चयेन मयम्पि अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजिस्साम, अथ या ते गति, सा नो गति भविस्सती”ति।
“Tena hi bhavaṁ govindo satta vassāni āgametu. Sattannaṁ vassānaṁ accayena mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.
“Well then, sir, please wait for seven years. When seven years have passed, we shall go forth with you. Your destiny shall be ours.”
“अतिचिरं खो, भो, सत्त वस्सानि, नाहं सक्कोमि, भवन्ते, सत्त वस्सानि आगमेतुं। को नु खो पन, भो, जानाति जीवितानं। गमनीयो सम्परायो, मन्तायं बोद्धब्बं, कत्तब्बं कुसलं, चरितब्बं ब्रह्मचरियं, नत्थि जातस्स अमरणं। यथा खो पन मे सुतं ब्रह्मुनो आमगन्धे भासमानस्स, ते न सुनिम्मदया अगारं अज्झावसता, पब्बजिस्सामहं, भो, अगारस्मा अनगारियन्”ति।
“Aticiraṁ kho, bho, satta vassāni, nāhaṁ sakkomi, bhavante, satta vassāni āgametuṁ. Ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitānaṁ. Gamanīyo samparāyo, mantāyaṁ7 boddhabbaṁ, kattabbaṁ kusalaṁ, caritabbaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, natthi jātassa amaraṇaṁ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.
“Seven years is too long, sirs. I cannot wait that long. Who knows what will happen to the living? We are heading to the next life. We must be thoughtful and wake up! We must do what’s good and lead the spiritual life, for no-one born can escape death. I shall go forth.”
“तेन हि भवं गोविन्दो छब्बस्सानि आगमेतु …पे… पञ्च वस्सानि आगमेतु … चत्तारि वस्सानि आगमेतु … तीणि वस्सानि आगमेतु … द्वे वस्सानि आगमेतु … एकं वस्सं आगमेतु, एकस्स वस्सस्स अच्चयेन मयम्पि अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजिस्साम, अथ या ते गति, सा नो गति भविस्सती”ति। “अतिचिरं खो, भो, एकं वस्सं, नाहं सक्कोमि भवन्ते एकं वस्सं आगमेतुं। को नु खो पन, भो, जानाति जीवितानं। गमनीयो सम्परायो, मन्तायं बोद्धब्बं, कत्तब्बं कुसलं, चरितब्बं ब्रह्मचरियं, नत्थि जातस्स अमरणं। यथा खो पन मे सुतं ब्रह्मुनो आमगन्धे भासमानस्स, ते न सुनिम्मदया अगारं अज्झावसता, पब्बजिस्सामहं, भो, अगारस्मा अनगारियन्”ति। “तेन हि भवं गोविन्दो सत्त मासानि आगमेतु, सत्तन्नं मासानं अच्चयेन मयम्पि अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजिस्साम, अथ या ते गति, सा नो गति भविस्सती”ति। “अतिचिरं खो, भो, सत्त मासानि, नाहं सक्कोमि भवन्ते सत्त मासानि आगमेतुं। को नु खो पन, भो, जानाति जीवितानं। गमनीयो सम्परायो, मन्तायं बोद्धब्बं, कत्तब्बं कुसलं, चरितब्बं ब्रह्मचरियं, नत्थि जातस्स अमरणं। यथा खो पन मे सुतं ब्रह्मुनो आमगन्धे भासमानस्स, ते न सुनिम्मदया अगारं अज्झावसता, पब्बजिस्सामहं, भो, अगारस्मा अनगारियन्”ति। “तेन हि भवं गोविन्दो छ मासानि आगमेतु …पे… पञ्च मासानि आगमेतु … चत्तारि मासानि आगमेतु … तीणि मासानि आगमेतु … द्वे मासानि आगमेतु … एकं मासं आगमेतु … अद्धमासं आगमेतु, अद्धमासस्स अच्चयेन मयम्पि अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजिस्साम, अथ या ते गति, सा नो गति भविस्सती”ति।
“Tena hi bhavaṁ govindo chabbassāni āgametu …pe… pañca vassāni āgametu … cattāri vassāni āgametu … tīṇi vassāni āgametu … dve vassāni āgametu … ekaṁ vassaṁ āgametu, ekassa vassassa accayena mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti. “Aticiraṁ kho, bho, ekaṁ vassaṁ, nāhaṁ sakkomi bhavante ekaṁ vassaṁ āgametuṁ. Ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitānaṁ. Gamanīyo samparāyo, mantāyaṁ boddhabbaṁ, kattabbaṁ kusalaṁ, caritabbaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, natthi jātassa amaraṇaṁ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti. “Tena hi bhavaṁ govindo satta māsāni āgametu, sattannaṁ māsānaṁ accayena mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti. “Aticiraṁ kho, bho, satta māsāni, nāhaṁ sakkomi bhavante satta māsāni āgametuṁ. Ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitānaṁ. Gamanīyo samparāyo, mantāyaṁ boddhabbaṁ, kattabbaṁ kusalaṁ, caritabbaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, natthi jātassa amaraṇaṁ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti. “Tena hi bhavaṁ govindo cha māsāni āgametu …pe… pañca māsāni āgametu … cattāri māsāni āgametu … tīṇi māsāni āgametu … dve māsāni āgametu … ekaṁ māsaṁ āgametu … addhamāsaṁ āgametu, addhamāsassa accayena mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.
“Well then, sir, please wait for six years, five years, four years, three years, two years, one year, seven months, six months, five months, four months, three months, two months, one month, or even a fortnight. When a fortnight has passed, we shall go forth. Your destiny shall be ours.”
“अतिचिरं खो, भो, अद्धमासो, नाहं सक्कोमि भवन्ते अद्धमासं आगमेतुं। को नु खो पन, भो, जानाति जीवितानं। गमनीयो सम्परायो, मन्तायं बोद्धब्बं, कत्तब्बं कुसलं, चरितब्बं ब्रह्मचरियं, नत्थि जातस्स अमरणं। यथा खो पन मे सुतं ब्रह्मुनो आमगन्धे भासमानस्स, ते न सुनिम्मदया अगारं अज्झावसता, पब्बजिस्सामहं, भो, अगारस्मा अनगारियन्”ति।
“Aticiraṁ kho, bho, addhamāso, nāhaṁ sakkomi bhavante addhamāsaṁ āgametuṁ. Ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitānaṁ. Gamanīyo samparāyo, mantāyaṁ boddhabbaṁ, kattabbaṁ kusalaṁ, caritabbaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, natthi jātassa amaraṇaṁ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.
“A fortnight is too long, sirs. I cannot wait that long. Who knows what will happen to the living? We are heading to the next life. We must be thoughtful and wake up! We must do what’s good and lead the spiritual life, for no-one born can escape death. As I understand what Brahmā says about putrefaction, it’s not easy to quell while living at home. I shall go forth from the lay life to homelessness.”
“तेन हि भवं गोविन्दो सत्ताहं आगमेतु, याव मयं सके पुत्तभातरो रज्जेन अनुसासिस्साम, सत्ताहस्स अच्चयेन मयम्पि अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजिस्साम, अथ या ते गति, सा नो गति भविस्सती”ति।
“Tena hi bhavaṁ govindo sattāhaṁ āgametu, yāva mayaṁ sake puttabhātaro rajjena8 anusāsissāma, sattāhassa accayena mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.
“Well then, sir, please wait for a week, so that we can instruct our sons and brothers in kingship. When a week has passed, we shall go forth. Your destiny shall be ours.”
“न चिरं खो, भो, सत्ताहं, आगमेस्सामहं भवन्ते सत्ताहन्”ति।
“Na ciraṁ kho, bho, sattāhaṁ, āgamessāmahaṁ bhavante sattāhan”ti.
“A week is not too long, sirs. I will wait that long.”
६।६। ब्राह्मणमहासालादीनंआमन्तना
6.6. Brāhmaṇamahāsālādīnaṁāmantanā
6.6. Informing the Brahmins
अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो येन ते सत्त च ब्राह्मणमहासाला सत्त च न्हातकसतानि तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा ते सत्त च ब्राह्मणमहासाले सत्त च न्हातकसतानि एतदवोच: “अञ्ञं दानि भवन्तो आचरियं परियेसन्तु, यो भवन्तानं मन्ते वाचेस्सति। इच्छामहं, भो, अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितुं। यथा खो पन मे सुतं ब्रह्मुनो आमगन्धे भासमानस्स। ते न सुनिम्मदया अगारं अज्झावसता, पब्बजिस्सामहं, भो, अगारस्मा अनगारियन्”ति।
Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsālā satta ca nhātakasatāni tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsāle satta ca nhātakasatāni etadavoca: “aññaṁ dāni bhavanto ācariyaṁ pariyesantu, yo bhavantānaṁ mante vācessati. Icchāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajituṁ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa. Te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.
Then the Great Steward also went to the seven well-to-do brahmins and seven hundred bathed initiates and said, “Sirs, please now find another teacher to teach you to recite the hymns. I wish to go forth from the lay life to homelessness. As I understand what Brahmā says about putrefaction, it’s not easy to quell while living at home. I shall go forth from the lay life to homelessness.”
“मा भवं गोविन्दो अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजि। पब्बज्जा, भो, अप्पेसक्खा च अप्पलाभा च; ब्रह्मञ्ञं महेसक्खञ्च महालाभञ्चा”ति।
“Mā bhavaṁ govindo agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbaji. Pabbajjā, bho, appesakkhā ca appalābhā ca; brahmaññaṁ mahesakkhañca mahālābhañcā”ti.
“Please don’t go forth from the lay life to homelessness! The life of one gone forth is of little influence or profit, whereas the life of a brahmin is of great influence and profit.”
“मा भवन्तो एवं अवचुत्थ: ‘पब्बज्जा अप्पेसक्खा च अप्पलाभा च, ब्रह्मञ्ञं महेसक्खञ्च महालाभञ्चाऽति। को नु खो, भो, अञ्ञत्र मया महेसक्खतरो वा महालाभतरो वा। अहञ्हि, भो, एतरहि राजाव रञ्ञं ब्रह्माव ब्राह्मणानं देवताव गहपतिकानं। तमहं सब्बं पहाय अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजिस्सामि। यथा खो पन मे सुतं ब्रह्मुनो आमगन्धे भासमानस्स, ते न सुनिम्मदया अगारं अज्झावसता। पब्बजिस्सामहं, भो, अगारस्मा अनगारियन्”ति।
“Mā bhavanto evaṁ avacuttha: ‘pabbajjā appesakkhā ca appalābhā ca, brahmaññaṁ mahesakkhañca mahālābhañcā’ti. Ko nu kho, bho, aññatra mayā mahesakkhataro vā mahālābhataro vā. Ahañhi, bho, etarahi rājāva raññaṁ brahmāva brāhmaṇānaṁ9 devatāva gahapatikānaṁ. Tamahaṁ sabbaṁ pahāya agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāmi. Yathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā. Pabbajissāmahaṁ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.
“Please, sirs, don’t say that. Who has greater influence and profit than myself? For now I am like a king to kings, like Brahmā to brahmins, like a deity to householders. Giving up all that, I shall go forth. As I understand what Brahmā says about putrefaction, it’s not easy to quell while living at home. I shall go forth from the lay life to homelessness.”
“सचे भवं गोविन्दो अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजिस्सति, मयम्पि अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजिस्साम, अथ या ते गति, सा नो गति भविस्सती”ति।
“Sace bhavaṁ govindo agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissati, mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.
“If the Steward is going forth from the lay life to homelessness, we shall do so too. Your destiny shall be ours.”
६।७। भरियानंआमन्तना
6.7. Bhariyānaṁāmantanā
6.7. Informing the Wives
अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो येन चत्तारीसा भरिया सादिसियो तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा चत्तारीसा भरिया सादिसियो एतदवोच: “या भोतीनं इच्छति, सकानि वा ञातिकुलानि गच्छतु अञ्ञं वा भत्तारं परियेसतु। इच्छामहं, भोती, अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितुं। यथा खो पन मे सुतं ब्रह्मुनो आमगन्धे भासमानस्स, ते न सुनिम्मदया अगारं अज्झावसता। पब्बजिस्सामहं, भोती, अगारस्मा अनगारियन्”ति।
Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena cattārīsā bhariyā sādisiyo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā cattārīsā bhariyā sādisiyo etadavoca: “yā bhotīnaṁ icchati, sakāni vā ñātikulāni gacchatu aññaṁ vā bhattāraṁ pariyesatu. Icchāmahaṁ, bhotī, agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajituṁ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṁ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā. Pabbajissāmahaṁ, bhotī, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.
Then the Great Steward went to his forty equal wives and said, “Ladies, please do whatever you wish, whether returning to your own families, or finding another husband. I wish to go forth from the lay life to homelessness. As I understand what Brahmā says about putrefaction, it’s not easy to quell while living at home. I shall go forth from the lay life to homelessness.”
“त्वञ्ञेव नो ञाति ञातिकामानं, त्वं पन भत्ता भत्तुकामानं। सचे भवं गोविन्दो अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजिस्सति, मयम्पि अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजिस्साम, अथ या ते गति, सा नो गति भविस्सती”ति।
“Tvaññeva no ñāti ñātikāmānaṁ, tvaṁ pana bhattā bhattukāmānaṁ. Sace bhavaṁ govindo agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissati, mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.
“You are the only family we want! You are the only husband we want! If you are going forth from the lay life to homelessness, we shall do so too. Your destiny shall be ours.”
६।८। महागोविन्दपब्बज्जा
6.8. Mahāgovindapabbajjā
6.8. The Great Steward Goes Forth
अथ खो, भो, महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो तस्स सत्ताहस्स अच्चयेन केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजि। पब्बजितं पन महागोविन्दं ब्राह्मणं सत्त च राजानो खत्तिया मुद्धावसित्ता सत्त च ब्राह्मणमहासाला सत्त च न्हातकसतानि चत्तारीसा च भरिया सादिसियो अनेकानि च खत्तियसहस्सानि अनेकानि च ब्राह्मणसहस्सानि अनेकानि च गहपतिसहस्सानि अनेकेहि च इत्थागारेहि इत्थियो केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा महागोविन्दं ब्राह्मणं अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितं अनुपब्बजिंसु।
Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tassa sattāhassa accayena kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbaji. Pabbajitaṁ pana mahāgovindaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ satta ca rājāno khattiyā muddhāvasittā satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsālā satta ca nhātakasatāni cattārīsā ca bhariyā sādisiyo anekāni ca khattiyasahassāni anekāni ca brāhmaṇasahassāni anekāni ca gahapatisahassāni anekehi ca itthāgārehi itthiyo kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā mahāgovindaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajitaṁ anupabbajiṁsu.
When a week had passed, the Great Steward shaved off his hair and beard, dressed in ocher robes, and went forth from the lay life to homelessness. And when he had gone forth, the seven anointed aristocrat kings, the seven brahmins with seven hundred initiates, the forty equal wives, and many thousands of aristocrats, brahmins, householders, and many harem women shaved off their hair and beards, dressed in ocher robes, and went forth from the lay life to homelessness.
ताय सुदं, भो, परिसाय परिवुतो महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो गामनिगमराजधानीसु चारिकं चरति। यं खो पन, भो, तेन समयेन महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो गामं वा निगमं वा उपसङ्कमति, तत्थ राजाव होति रञ्ञं, ब्रह्माव ब्राह्मणानं, देवताव गहपतिकानं। तेन खो पन समयेन मनुस्सा खिपन्ति वा उपक्खलन्ति वा। ते एवमाहंसु: “नमत्थु महागोविन्दस्स ब्राह्मणस्स, नमत्थु सत्त पुरोहितस्सा”ति।
Tāya sudaṁ, bho, parisāya parivuto mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo gāmanigamarājadhānīsu cārikaṁ carati. Yaṁ kho pana, bho, tena samayena mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo gāmaṁ vā nigamaṁ vā upasaṅkamati, tattha rājāva hoti raññaṁ, brahmāva brāhmaṇānaṁ, devatāva gahapatikānaṁ. Tena kho pana samayena manussā khipanti vā upakkhalanti vā. Te evamāhaṁsu: “namatthu mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa, namatthu satta purohitassā”ti.
Escorted by that assembly, the Great Steward wandered on tour among the villages, towns, and capital cities. And at that time, whenever he arrived at a village or town, he was like a king to kings, like Brahmā to brahmins, like a deity to householders. And whenever people sneezed or tripped over they’d say: “Homage to the Great Steward! Homage to the high priest for the seven!”
महागोविन्दो, भो, ब्राह्मणो मेत्तासहगतेन चेतसा एकं दिसं फरित्वा विहासि, तथा दुतियं, तथा ततियं, तथा चतुत्थं। इति उद्धमधो तिरियं सब्बधि सब्बत्तताय सब्बावन्तं लोकं मेत्तासहगतेन चेतसा विपुलेन महग्गतेन अप्पमाणेन अवेरेन अब्यापज्जेन फरित्वा विहासि। करुणासहगतेन चेतसा …पे… मुदितासहगतेन चेतसा …पे… उपेक्खासहगतेन चेतसा …पे… अब्यापज्जेन फरित्वा विहासि। सावकानञ्च ब्रह्मलोकसहब्यताय मग्गं देसेसि।
Mahāgovindo, bho, brāhmaṇo mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṁ disaṁ pharitvā vihāsi, tathā dutiyaṁ, tathā tatiyaṁ, tathā catutthaṁ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṁ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṁ lokaṁ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā vihāsi. Karuṇāsahagatena cetasā …pe… muditāsahagatena cetasā …pe… upekkhāsahagatena cetasā …pe… abyāpajjena pharitvā vihāsi. Sāvakānañca brahmalokasahabyatāya maggaṁ desesi.
And the Great Steward meditated spreading a heart full of love to one direction, and to the second, and to the third, and to the fourth. In the same way above, below, across, everywhere, all around, he spread a heart full of love to the whole world—abundant, expansive, limitless, free of enmity and ill will. He meditated spreading a heart full of compassion … rejoicing … equanimity to one direction, and to the second, and to the third, and to the fourth. In the same way above, below, across, everywhere, all around, he spread a heart full of equanimity to the whole world—abundant, expansive, limitless, free of enmity and ill will. And he taught his disciples the path to rebirth in the company of Brahmā.
ये खो पन, भो, तेन समयेन महागोविन्दस्स ब्राह्मणस्स सावका सब्बेनसब्बं सासनं आजानिंसु। ते कायस्स भेदा परं मरणा सुगतिं ब्रह्मलोकं उपपज्जिंसु। ये न सब्बेनसब्बं सासनं आजानिंसु, ते कायस्स भेदा परं मरणा अप्पेकच्चे परनिम्मितवसवत्तीनं देवानं सहब्यतं उपपज्जिंसु; अप्पेकच्चे निम्मानरतीनं देवानं सहब्यतं उपपज्जिंसु; अप्पेकच्चे तुसितानं देवानं सहब्यतं उपपज्जिंसु; अप्पेकच्चे यामानं देवानं सहब्यतं उपपज्जिंसु; अप्पेकच्चे तावतिंसानं देवानं सहब्यतं उपपज्जिंसु; अप्पेकच्चे चातुमहाराजिकानं देवानं सहब्यतं उपपज्जिंसु; ये सब्बनिहीनं कायं परिपूरेसुं ते गन्धब्बकायं परिपूरेसुं।
Ye kho pana, bho, tena samayena mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa sāvakā sabbenasabbaṁ sāsanaṁ ājāniṁsu. Te kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ brahmalokaṁ upapajjiṁsu. Ye na sabbenasabbaṁ sāsanaṁ ājāniṁsu, te kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā appekacce paranimmitavasavattīnaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjiṁsu; appekacce nimmānaratīnaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjiṁsu; appekacce tusitānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjiṁsu; appekacce yāmānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjiṁsu; appekacce tāvatiṁsānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjiṁsu; appekacce cātumahārājikānaṁ devānaṁ sahabyataṁ upapajjiṁsu; ye sabbanihīnaṁ kāyaṁ paripūresuṁ te gandhabbakāyaṁ paripūresuṁ.
Those of his disciples who completely understood the Great Steward’s instructions, at the breaking up of the body, after death, were reborn in the Brahmā realm. Of those disciples who only partly understood the Great Steward’s instructions, some were reborn in the company of the Gods Who Control the Creations of Others, while some were reborn in the company of the Gods Who Love to Create, or the Joyful Gods, or the Gods of Yama, or the Gods of the Thirty-Three, or the Gods of the Four Great Kings. And at the very least they swelled the hosts of the centaurs.
इति खो, भो, सब्बेसंयेव तेसं कुलपुत्तानं अमोघा पब्बज्जा अहोसि अवञ्झा सफला सौद्रयाऽति।
Iti kho, bho, sabbesaṁyeva tesaṁ kulaputtānaṁ amoghā pabbajjā ahosi avañjhā saphalā saudrayā’ti.
And so the going forth of all those gentlemen was not in vain, was not wasted, but was fruitful and fertile.’
सरति तं भगवा”ति?
Sarati taṁ bhagavā”ti?
Do you remember this, Blessed One?”
“सरामहं, पञ्चसिख। अहं तेन समयेन महागोविन्दो ब्राह्मणो अहोसिं। अहं तेसं सावकानं ब्रह्मलोकसहब्यताय मग्गं देसेसिं। तं खो पन मे, पञ्चसिख, ब्रह्मचरियं न निब्बिदाय न विरागाय न निरोधाय न उपसमाय न अभिञ्ञाय न सम्बोधाय न निब्बानाय संवत्तति, यावदेव ब्रह्मलोकूपपत्तिया।
“Sarāmahaṁ, pañcasikha. Ahaṁ tena samayena mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo ahosiṁ. Ahaṁ tesaṁ sāvakānaṁ brahmalokasahabyatāya maggaṁ desesiṁ. Taṁ kho pana me, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṁ na nibbidāya na virāgāya na nirodhāya na upasamāya na abhiññāya na sambodhāya na nibbānāya saṁvattati, yāvadeva brahmalokūpapattiyā.
“I remember, Pañcasikha. I myself was the brahmin Great Steward at that time. And I taught those disciples the path to rebirth in the company of Brahmā. But that spiritual path of mine doesn’t lead to disillusionment, dispassion, cessation, peace, insight, awakening, and Nibbana. It only leads as far as rebirth in the Brahmā realm.
इदं खो पन मे, पञ्चसिख, ब्रह्मचरियं एकन्तनिब्बिदाय विरागाय निरोधाय उपसमाय अभिञ्ञाय सम्बोधाय निब्बानाय संवत्तति। कतमञ्च तं, पञ्चसिख, ब्रह्मचरियं एकन्तनिब्बिदाय विरागाय निरोधाय उपसमाय अभिञ्ञाय सम्बोधाय निब्बानाय संवत्तति? अयमेव अरियो अट्ठङ्गिको मग्गो। सेय्यथिदं—सम्मादिट्ठि सम्मासङ्कप्पो सम्मावाचा सम्माकम्मन्तो सम्माआजीवो सम्मावायामो सम्मासति सम्मासमाधि। इदं खो तं, पञ्चसिख, ब्रह्मचरियं एकन्तनिब्बिदाय विरागाय निरोधाय उपसमाय अभिञ्ञाय सम्बोधाय निब्बानाय संवत्तति।
Idaṁ kho pana me, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṁ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati. Katamañca taṁ, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṁ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Seyyathidaṁ—sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. Idaṁ kho taṁ, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṁ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati.
But this spiritual path does lead to disillusionment, dispassion, cessation, peace, insight, awakening, and Nibbana. And what is the spiritual path that leads to Nibbana? It is simply this noble eightfold path, that is: right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right immersion. This is the spiritual path that leads to disillusionment, dispassion, cessation, peace, insight, awakening, and Nibbana.
ये खो पन मे, पञ्चसिख, सावका सब्बेनसब्बं सासनं आजानन्ति, ते आसवानं खया अनासवं चेतोविमुत्तिं पञ्ञाविमुत्तिं दिट्ठेव धम्मे सयं अभिञ्ञा सच्छिकत्वा उपसम्पज्ज विहरन्ति;
Ye kho pana me, pañcasikha, sāvakā sabbenasabbaṁ sāsanaṁ ājānanti, te āsavānaṁ khayā anāsavaṁ cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharanti;
Those of my disciples who completely understand my instructions realize the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom in this very life. And they live having realized it with their own insight due to the ending of defilements.
ये न सब्बेनसब्बं सासनं आजानन्ति, ते पञ्चन्नं ओरम्भागियानं संयोजनानं परिक्खया ओपपातिका होन्ति तत्थ परिनिब्बायिनो अनावत्तिधम्मा तस्मा लोका।
ye na sabbenasabbaṁ sāsanaṁ ājānanti, te pañcannaṁ orambhāgiyānaṁ saṁyojanānaṁ parikkhayā opapātikā honti tattha parinibbāyino anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā.
Of those disciples who only partly understand my instructions, some, with the ending of the five lower fetters, become reborn spontaneously. They are extinguished there, and are not liable to return from that world.
ये न सब्बेनसब्बं सासनं आजानन्ति, अप्पेकच्चे तिण्णं संयोजनानं परिक्खया रागदोसमोहानं तनुत्ता सकदागामिनो होन्ति सकिदेव इमं लोकं आगन्त्वा दुक्खस्सन्तं करिस्सन्ति।
Ye na sabbenasabbaṁ sāsanaṁ ājānanti, appekacce tiṇṇaṁ saṁyojanānaṁ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṁ tanuttā sakadāgāmino honti sakideva imaṁ lokaṁ āgantvā dukkhassantaṁ karissanti.
Some, with the ending of three fetters, and the weakening of greed, hate, and delusion, become once-returners. They come back to this world once only, then make an end of suffering.
ये न सब्बेनसब्बं सासनं आजानन्ति, अप्पेकच्चे तिण्णं संयोजनानं परिक्खया सोतापन्ना होन्ति अविनिपातधम्मा नियता सम्बोधिपरायणा।
Ye na sabbenasabbaṁ sāsanaṁ ājānanti, appekacce tiṇṇaṁ saṁyojanānaṁ parikkhayā sotāpannā honti avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyaṇā.
And some, with the ending of three fetters, become stream-enterers, not liable to be reborn in the underworld, bound for awakening.
इति खो, पञ्चसिख, सब्बेसंयेव इमेसं कुलपुत्तानं अमोघा पब्बज्जा अवञ्झा सफला सौद्रया”ति।
Iti kho, pañcasikha, sabbesaṁyeva imesaṁ kulaputtānaṁ amoghā pabbajjā10 avañjhā saphalā saudrayā”ti.
And so the going forth of all those gentlemen was not in vain, was not wasted, but was fruitful and fertile.”
इदमवोच भगवा। अत्तमनो पञ्चसिखो गन्धब्बपुत्तो भगवतो भासितं अभिनन्दित्वा अनुमोदित्वा भगवन्तं अभिवादेत्वा पदक्खिणं कत्वा तत्थेवन्तरधायीति।
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano pañcasikho gandhabbaputto bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā tatthevantaradhāyīti.
That is what the Buddha said. Delighted, the centaur Pañcasikha approved and agreed with what the Buddha said. He bowed and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on his right, before vanishing right there.
महागोविन्दसुत्तं निट्ठितं छट्ठं।
Mahāgovindasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ chaṭṭhaṁ.
The authoritative text of the Dīgha Nikāya is the Pāli text. The English translation is provided as an aid to the study of the original Pāli text. [CREDITS »]
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