| Tipiṭaka / Tipiṭaka (English) / Dīgha Nikāya, English translation |
दीघ निकाय २२
Dīgha Nikāya 22
Long Discourses 22
महासतिपट्ठानसुत्त
Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasutta
The Longer Discourse on Mindfulness Meditation
एवं मे सुतं—एकं समयं भगवा कुरूसु विहरति कम्मासधम्मं नाम कुरूनं निगमो। तत्र खो भगवा भिक्खू आमन्तेसि: “भिक्खवो”ति।
Evaṁ me sutaṁ—ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā kurūsu viharati kammāsadhammaṁ nāma kurūnaṁ nigamo. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi: “bhikkhavo”ti.
So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying in the land of the Kurus, near the Kuru town named Kammāsadamma. There the Buddha addressed the bhikkhus, “Bhikkhus!”
“भद्दन्ते”ति ते भिक्खू भगवतो पच्चस्सोसुं। भगवा एतदवोच:
“Bhaddante”ti1 te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ. Bhagavā etadavoca:
“Venerable sir,” they replied. The Buddha said this:
“एकायनो अयं, भिक्खवे, मग्गो सत्तानं विसुद्धिया, सोकपरिदेवानं समतिक्कमाय दुक्खदोमनस्सानं अत्थङ्गमाय ञायस्स अधिगमाय निब्बानस्स सच्छिकिरियाय, यदिदं चत्तारो सतिपट्ठाना।
“Ekāyano ayaṁ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṁ visuddhiyā, sokaparidevānaṁ samatikkamāya dukkhadomanassānaṁ atthaṅgamāya ñāyassa adhigamāya nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya, yadidaṁ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā.
“Bhikkhus, the four kinds of mindfulness meditation are the path to convergence. They are in order to purify sentient beings, to get past sorrow and crying, to make an end of pain and sadness, to discover the system, and to realize Nibbana.
कतमे चत्तारो? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति आतापी सम्पजानो सतिमा विनेय्य लोके अभिज्झादोमनस्सं, वेदनासु वेदनानुपस्सी विहरति आतापी सम्पजानो सतिमा विनेय्य लोके अभिज्झादोमनस्सं, चित्ते चित्तानुपस्सी विहरति आतापी सम्पजानो सतिमा विनेय्य लोके अभिज्झादोमनस्सं, धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति आतापी सम्पजानो सतिमा विनेय्य लोके अभिज्झादोमनस्सं।
Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ, vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ, citte cittānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ, dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.
What four? It’s when a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of the mind—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world.
उद्देसो निट्ठितो।
Uddeso niṭṭhito.
१। कायानुपस्सना
1. Kāyānupassanā
1. Observing the Body
१।१। कायानुपस्सनाआनापानपब्ब
1.1. Kāyānupassanāānāpānapabba
1.1. Mindfulness of Breathing
कथञ्च पन, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति?
Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati?
And how does a bhikkhu meditate observing an aspect of the body?
इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु अरञ्ञगतो वा रुक्खमूलगतो वा सुञ्ञागारगतो वा निसीदति पल्लङ्कं आभुजित्वा उजुं कायं पणिधाय परिमुखं सतिं उपट्ठपेत्वा। सो सतोव अस्ससति, सतोव पस्ससति।
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṁ ābhujitvā ujuṁ kāyaṁ paṇidhāya parimukhaṁ satiṁ upaṭṭhapetvā. So satova assasati, satova passasati.
It’s when a bhikkhu—gone to a wilderness, or to the root of a tree, or to an empty hut—sits down cross-legged, sets their body straight, and establishes mindfulness in front of them. Just mindful, they breathe in. Mindful, they breathe out.
दीघं वा अस्ससन्तो ‘दीघं अस्ससामीऽति पजानाति, दीघं वा पस्ससन्तो ‘दीघं पस्ससामीऽति पजानाति।
Dīghaṁ vā assasanto ‘dīghaṁ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, dīghaṁ vā passasanto ‘dīghaṁ passasāmī’ti pajānāti.
Breathing in heavily they know: ‘I’m breathing in heavily.’ Breathing out heavily they know: ‘I’m breathing out heavily.’
रस्सं वा अस्ससन्तो ‘रस्सं अस्ससामीऽति पजानाति, रस्सं वा पस्ससन्तो ‘रस्सं पस्ससामीऽति पजानाति।
Rassaṁ vā assasanto ‘rassaṁ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṁ vā passasanto ‘rassaṁ passasāmī’ti pajānāti.
When breathing in lightly they know: ‘I’m breathing in lightly.’ Breathing out lightly they know: ‘I’m breathing out lightly.’
‘सब्बकायपटिसंवेदी अस्ससिस्सामीऽति सिक्खति, ‘सब्बकायपटिसंवेदी पस्ससिस्सामीऽति सिक्खति।
‘Sabbakāyapaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati.
They practice like this: ‘I’ll breathe in experiencing the whole body.’ They practice like this: ‘I’ll breathe out experiencing the whole body.’
‘पस्सम्भयं कायसङ्खारं अस्ससिस्सामीऽति सिक्खति, ‘पस्सम्भयं कायसङ्खारं पस्ससिस्सामीऽति सिक्खति।
‘Passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati.
They practice like this: ‘I’ll breathe in stilling the physical process.’ They practice like this: ‘I’ll breathe out stilling the physical process.’
सेय्यथापि, भिक्खवे, दक्खो भमकारो वा भमकारन्तेवासी वा दीघं वा अञ्छन्तो ‘दीघं अञ्छामीऽति पजानाति, रस्सं वा अञ्छन्तो ‘रस्सं अञ्छामीऽति पजानाति; एवमेव खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु दीघं वा अस्ससन्तो ‘दीघं अस्ससामीऽति पजानाति, दीघं वा पस्ससन्तो ‘दीघं पस्ससामीऽति पजानाति, रस्सं वा अस्ससन्तो ‘रस्सं अस्ससामीऽति पजानाति, रस्सं वा पस्ससन्तो ‘रस्सं पस्ससामीऽति पजानाति। ‘सब्बकायपटिसंवेदी अस्ससिस्सामीऽति सिक्खति, ‘सब्बकायपटिसंवेदी पस्ससिस्सामीऽति सिक्खति, ‘पस्सम्भयं कायसङ्खारं अस्ससिस्सामीऽति सिक्खति, ‘पस्सम्भयं कायसङ्खारं पस्ससिस्सामीऽति सिक्खति।
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho bhamakāro vā bhamakārantevāsī vā dīghaṁ vā añchanto ‘dīghaṁ añchāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṁ vā añchanto ‘rassaṁ añchāmī’ti pajānāti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dīghaṁ vā assasanto ‘dīghaṁ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, dīghaṁ vā passasanto ‘dīghaṁ passasāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṁ vā assasanto ‘rassaṁ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṁ vā passasanto ‘rassaṁ passasāmī’ti pajānāti. ‘Sabbakāyapaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati.
It’s like a deft carpenter or carpenter’s apprentice. When making a deep cut they know: ‘I’m making a deep cut,’ and when making a shallow cut they know: ‘I’m making a shallow cut.’
इति अज्झत्तं वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति, बहिद्धा वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति, अज्झत्तबहिद्धा वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति। समुदयधम्मानुपस्सी वा कायस्मिं विहरति, वयधम्मानुपस्सी वा कायस्मिं विहरति, समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सी वा कायस्मिं विहरति। ‘अत्थि कायोऽति वा पनस्स सति पच्चुपट्ठिता होति यावदेव ञाणमत्ताय पटिस्सतिमत्ताय अनिस्सितो च विहरति, न च किञ्चि लोके उपादियति।
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati. Samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati. ‘Atthi kāyo’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
And so they meditate observing an aspect of the body internally, externally, and both internally and externally. They meditate observing the body as liable to originate, as liable to vanish, and as liable to both originate and vanish. Or mindfulness is established that the body exists, to the extent necessary for knowledge and mindfulness. They meditate independent, not grasping at anything in the world.
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
That’s how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the body.
आनापानपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Ānāpānapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
१।२। कायानुपस्सनाइरियापथपब्ब
1.2. Kāyānupassanāiriyāpathapabba
1.2. The Postures
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु गच्छन्तो वा ‘गच्छामीऽति पजानाति, ठितो वा ‘ठितोम्हीऽति पजानाति, निसिन्नो वा ‘निसिन्नोम्हीऽति पजानाति, सयानो वा ‘सयानोम्हीऽति पजानाति, यथा यथा वा पनस्स कायो पणिहितो होति तथा तथा नं पजानाति।
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gacchanto vā ‘gacchāmī’ti pajānāti, ṭhito vā ‘ṭhitomhī’ti pajānāti, nisinno vā ‘nisinnomhī’ti pajānāti, sayāno vā ‘sayānomhī’ti pajānāti, yathā yathā vā panassa kāyo paṇihito hoti tathā tathā naṁ pajānāti.
Furthermore, when a bhikkhu is walking they know: ‘I am walking.’ When standing they know: ‘I am standing.’ When sitting they know: ‘I am sitting.’ And when lying down they know: ‘I am lying down.’ Whatever posture their body is in, they know it.
इति अज्झत्तं वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति, बहिद्धा वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति, अज्झत्तबहिद्धा वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति। समुदयधम्मानुपस्सी वा कायस्मिं विहरति, वयधम्मानुपस्सी वा कायस्मिं विहरति, समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सी वा कायस्मिं विहरति। ‘अत्थि कायोऽति वा पनस्स सति पच्चुपट्ठिता होति यावदेव ञाणमत्ताय पटिस्सतिमत्ताय अनिस्सितो च विहरति, न च किञ्चि लोके उपादियति।
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati. Samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati. ‘Atthi kāyo’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
And so they meditate observing an aspect of the body internally, externally, and both internally and externally. They meditate observing the body as liable to originate, as liable to vanish, and as liable to both originate and vanish. Or mindfulness is established that the body exists, to the extent necessary for knowledge and mindfulness. They meditate independent, not grasping at anything in the world.
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
That too is how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the body.
इरियापथपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Iriyāpathapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
१।३। कायानुपस्सनासम्पजानपब्ब
1.3. Kāyānupassanāsampajānapabba
1.3. Situational Awareness
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु अभिक्कन्ते पटिक्कन्ते सम्पजानकारी होति, आलोकिते विलोकिते सम्पजानकारी होति, समिञ्जिते पसारिते सम्पजानकारी होति, सङ्घाटिपत्तचीवरधारणे सम्पजानकारी होति, असिते पीते खायिते सायिते सम्पजानकारी होति, उच्चारपस्सावकम्मे सम्पजानकारी होति, गते ठिते निसिन्ने सुत्ते जागरिते भासिते तुण्हीभावे सम्पजानकारी होति।
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī hoti, ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī hoti, samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī hoti, saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite sāyite sampajānakārī hoti, uccārapassāvakamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti.
Furthermore, a bhikkhu acts with situational awareness when going out and coming back; when looking ahead and aside; when bending and extending the limbs; when bearing the outer robe, bowl, and robes; when eating, drinking, chewing, and tasting; when urinating and defecating; when walking, standing, sitting, sleeping, waking, speaking, and keeping silent.
इति अज्झत्तं वा …पे…
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā …pe…
And so they meditate observing an aspect of the body internally …
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
That too is how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the body.
सम्पजानपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Sampajānapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
१।४। कायानुपस्सनापटिकूलमनसिकारपब्ब
1.4. Kāyānupassanāpaṭikūlamanasikārapabba
1.4. Focusing on the Repulsive
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु इममेव कायं उद्धं पादतला अधो केसमत्थका तचपरियन्तं पूरं नानप्पकारस्स असुचिनो पच्चवेक्खति: ‘अत्थि इमस्मिं काये केसा लोमा नखा दन्ता तचो, मंसं न्हारु अट्ठि अट्ठिमिञ्जं वक्कं, हदयं यकनं किलोमकं पिहकं पप्फासं, अन्तं अन्तगुणं उदरियं करीसं, पित्तं सेम्हं पुब्बो लोहितं सेदो मेदो, अस्सु वसा खेळो सिङ्घाणिका लसिका मुत्तन्ऽति।
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ uddhaṁ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā tacapariyantaṁ pūraṁ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati: ‘atthi imasmiṁ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco, maṁsaṁ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṁ vakkaṁ, hadayaṁ yakanaṁ kilomakaṁ pihakaṁ papphāsaṁ, antaṁ antaguṇaṁ udariyaṁ karīsaṁ, pittaṁ semhaṁ pubbo lohitaṁ sedo medo, assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttan’ti.
Furthermore, a bhikkhu examines their own body, up from the soles of the feet and down from the tips of the hairs, wrapped in skin and full of many kinds of filth. ‘In this body there is head hair, body hair, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, sinews, bones, bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, diaphragm, spleen, lungs, intestines, mesentery, undigested food, feces, bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, snot, synovial fluid, urine.’
सेय्यथापि, भिक्खवे, उभतोमुखा पुतोळि पूरा नानाविहितस्स धञ्ञस्स, सेय्यथिदं—सालीनं वीहीनं मुग्गानं मासानं तिलानं तण्डुलानं। तमेनं चक्खुमा पुरिसो मुञ्चित्वा पच्चवेक्खेय्य: ‘इमे साली, इमे वीही इमे मुग्गा इमे मासा इमे तिला इमे तण्डुलाऽति।
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ubhatomukhā putoḷi2 pūrā nānāvihitassa dhaññassa, seyyathidaṁ—sālīnaṁ vīhīnaṁ muggānaṁ māsānaṁ tilānaṁ taṇḍulānaṁ. Tamenaṁ cakkhumā puriso muñcitvā paccavekkheyya: ‘ime sālī, ime vīhī ime muggā ime māsā ime tilā ime taṇḍulā’ti.
It’s as if there were a bag with openings at both ends, filled with various kinds of grains, such as fine rice, wheat, mung beans, peas, sesame, and ordinary rice. And someone with clear eyes were to open it and examine the contents: ‘These grains are fine rice, these are wheat, these are mung beans, these are peas, these are sesame, and these are ordinary rice.’
एवमेव खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु इममेव कायं उद्धं पादतला अधो केसमत्थका तचपरियन्तं पूरं नानप्पकारस्स असुचिनो पच्चवेक्खति: ‘अत्थि इमस्मिं काये केसा लोमा …पे… मुत्तन्ऽति।
Evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ uddhaṁ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā tacapariyantaṁ pūraṁ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati: ‘atthi imasmiṁ kāye kesā lomā …pe… muttan’ti.
इति अज्झत्तं वा …पे…
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā …pe…
And so they meditate observing an aspect of the body internally …
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
That too is how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the body.
पटिकूलमनसिकारपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Paṭikūlamanasikārapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
१।५। कायानुपस्सनाधातुमनसिकारपब्ब
1.5. Kāyānupassanādhātumanasikārapabba
1.5. Focusing on the Elements
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु इममेव कायं यथाठितं यथापणिहितं धातुसो पच्चवेक्खति: ‘अत्थि इमस्मिं काये पथवीधातु आपोधातु तेजोधातु वायोधातूऽति।
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ yathāṭhitaṁ yathāpaṇihitaṁ dhātuso paccavekkhati: ‘atthi imasmiṁ kāye pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.
Furthermore, a bhikkhu examines their own body, whatever its placement or posture, according to the elements: ‘In this body there is the earth element, the water element, the fire element, and the air element.’
सेय्यथापि, भिक्खवे, दक्खो गोघातको वा गोघातकन्तेवासी वा गाविं वधित्वा चतुमहापथे बिलसो विभजित्वा निसिन्नो अस्स; एवमेव खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु इममेव कायं यथाठितं यथापणिहितं धातुसो पच्चवेक्खति: ‘अत्थि इमस्मिं काये पथवीधातु आपोधातु तेजोधातु वायोधातूऽति।
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho goghātako vā goghātakantevāsī vā gāviṁ vadhitvā catumahāpathe bilaso vibhajitvā nisinno assa; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ yathāṭhitaṁ yathāpaṇihitaṁ dhātuso paccavekkhati: ‘atthi imasmiṁ kāye pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.
It’s as if a deft butcher or butcher’s apprentice were to kill a cow and sit down at the crossroads with the meat cut into portions.
इति अज्झत्तं वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति …पे…
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati …pe…
And so they meditate observing an aspect of the body internally …
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
That too is how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the body.
धातुमनसिकारपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Dhātumanasikārapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
१।६। कायानुपस्सनानवसिवथिकपब्ब
1.6. Kāyānupassanānavasivathikapabba
1.6. The Charnel Ground Contemplations
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु सेय्यथापि पस्सेय्य सरीरं सिवथिकाय छड्डितं एकाहमतं वा द्वीहमतं वा तीहमतं वा उद्धुमातकं विनीलकं विपुब्बकजातं। सो इममेव कायं उपसंहरति: ‘अयम्पि खो कायो एवंधम्मो एवंभावी एवंअनतीतोऽति। इति अज्झत्तं वा …पे…
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṁ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṁ ekāhamataṁ vā dvīhamataṁ vā tīhamataṁ vā uddhumātakaṁ vinīlakaṁ vipubbakajātaṁ. So imameva kāyaṁ upasaṁharati: ‘ayampi kho kāyo evaṁdhammo evaṁbhāvī evaṁanatīto’ti. Iti ajjhattaṁ vā …pe…
Furthermore, suppose a bhikkhu were to see a corpse discarded in a charnel ground. And it had been dead for one, two, or three days, bloated, livid, and festering. They’d compare it with their own body: ‘This body is also of that same nature, that same kind, and cannot go beyond that.’ And so they meditate observing an aspect of the body internally …
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
That too is how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the body.
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु सेय्यथापि पस्सेय्य सरीरं सिवथिकाय छड्डितं काकेहि वा खज्जमानं कुललेहि वा खज्जमानं गिज्झेहि वा खज्जमानं कङ्केहि वा खज्जमानं सुनखेहि वा खज्जमानं ब्यग्घेहि वा खज्जमानं दीपीहि वा खज्जमानं सिङ्गालेहि वा खज्जमानं विविधेहि वा पाणकजातेहि खज्जमानं। सो इममेव कायं उपसंहरति: ‘अयम्पि खो कायो एवंधम्मो एवंभावी एवंअनतीतोऽति। इति अज्झत्तं वा …पे…
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṁ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṁ kākehi vā khajjamānaṁ kulalehi vā khajjamānaṁ gijjhehi vā khajjamānaṁ kaṅkehi vā khajjamānaṁ sunakhehi vā khajjamānaṁ byagghehi vā khajjamānaṁ dīpīhi vā khajjamānaṁ siṅgālehi vā khajjamānaṁ3 vividhehi vā pāṇakajātehi khajjamānaṁ. So imameva kāyaṁ upasaṁharati: ‘ayampi kho kāyo evaṁdhammo evaṁbhāvī evaṁanatīto’ti. Iti ajjhattaṁ vā …pe…
Furthermore, suppose they were to see a corpse discarded in a charnel ground being devoured by crows, hawks, vultures, herons, dogs, tigers, leopards, jackals, and many kinds of little creatures. They’d compare it with their own body: ‘This body is also of that same nature, that same kind, and cannot go beyond that.’ And so they meditate observing an aspect of the body internally …
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
That too is how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the body.
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु सेय्यथापि पस्सेय्य सरीरं सिवथिकाय छड्डितं अट्ठिकसङ्खलिकं समंसलोहितं न्हारुसम्बन्धं …पे…
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṁ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṁ aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṁ samaṁsalohitaṁ nhārusambandhaṁ …pe…
Furthermore, suppose they were to see a corpse discarded in a charnel ground, a skeleton with flesh and blood, held together by sinews …
अट्ठिकसङ्खलिकं निमंसलोहितमक्खितं न्हारुसम्बन्धं …पे…
Aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṁ nimaṁsalohitamakkhitaṁ nhārusambandhaṁ …pe…
A skeleton without flesh but smeared with blood, and held together by sinews …
अट्ठिकसङ्खलिकं अपगतमंसलोहितं न्हारुसम्बन्धं …पे…
Aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṁ apagatamaṁsalohitaṁ nhārusambandhaṁ …pe…
A skeleton rid of flesh and blood, held together by sinews …
अट्ठिकानि अपगतसम्बन्धानि दिसा विदिसा विक्खित्तानि, अञ्ञेन हत्थट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन पादट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन गोप्फकट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन जङ्घट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन ऊरुट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन कटिट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन फासुकट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन पिट्ठिट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन खन्धट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन गीवट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन हनुकट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन दन्तट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन सीसकटाहं। सो इममेव कायं उपसंहरति: ‘अयम्पि खो कायो एवंधम्मो एवंभावी एवंअनतीतोऽति। इति अज्झत्तं वा …पे… विहरति।
Aṭṭhikāni apagatasambandhāni disā vidisā vikkhittāni, aññena hatthaṭṭhikaṁ aññena pādaṭṭhikaṁ aññena gopphakaṭṭhikaṁ aññena jaṅghaṭṭhikaṁ aññena ūruṭṭhikaṁ aññena kaṭiṭṭhikaṁ aññena phāsukaṭṭhikaṁ aññena piṭṭhiṭṭhikaṁ aññena khandhaṭṭhikaṁ aññena gīvaṭṭhikaṁ aññena hanukaṭṭhikaṁ4 aññena dantaṭṭhikaṁ aññena sīsakaṭāhaṁ. So imameva kāyaṁ upasaṁharati: ‘ayampi kho kāyo evaṁdhammo evaṁbhāvī evaṁanatīto’ti. Iti ajjhattaṁ vā …pe… viharati.
Bones rid of sinews, scattered in every direction. Here a hand-bone, there a foot-bone, here a shin-bone, there a thigh-bone, here a hip-bone, there a rib-bone, here a back-bone, there an arm-bone, here a neck-bone, there a jaw-bone, here a tooth, there the skull …
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु सेय्यथापि पस्सेय्य सरीरं सिवथिकाय छड्डितं अट्ठिकानि सेतानि सङ्खवण्णपटिभागानि …पे…
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṁ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṁ aṭṭhikāni setāni saṅkhavaṇṇapaṭibhāgāni …pe…
White bones, the color of shells …
अट्ठिकानि पुञ्जकितानि तेरोवस्सिकानि …पे…
Aṭṭhikāni puñjakitāni terovassikāni …pe…
Decrepit bones, heaped in a pile …
अट्ठिकानि पूतीनि चुण्णकजातानि। सो इममेव कायं उपसंहरति: ‘अयम्पि खो कायो एवंधम्मो एवंभावी एवंअनतीतोऽति। इति अज्झत्तं वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति, बहिद्धा वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति, अज्झत्तबहिद्धा वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति। समुदयधम्मानुपस्सी वा कायस्मिं विहरति, वयधम्मानुपस्सी वा कायस्मिं विहरति, समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सी वा कायस्मिं विहरति। ‘अत्थि कायोऽति वा पनस्स सति पच्चुपट्ठिता होति यावदेव ञाणमत्ताय पटिस्सतिमत्ताय अनिस्सितो च विहरति, न च किञ्चि लोके उपादियति।
Aṭṭhikāni pūtīni cuṇṇakajātāni. So imameva kāyaṁ upasaṁharati: ‘ayampi kho kāyo evaṁdhammo evaṁbhāvī evaṁanatīto’ti. Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati. Samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati. ‘Atthi kāyo’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
Bones rotted and crumbled to powder. They’d compare it with their own body: ‘This body is also of that same nature, that same kind, and cannot go beyond that.’ And so they meditate observing an aspect of the body internally, externally, and both internally and externally. They meditate observing the body as liable to originate, as liable to vanish, and as liable to both originate and vanish. Or mindfulness is established that the body exists, to the extent necessary for knowledge and mindfulness. They meditate independent, not grasping at anything in the world.
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
That too is how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the body.
नवसिवथिकपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Navasivathikapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
चुद्दस कायानुपस्सना निट्ठिता।
Cuddasa kāyānupassanā niṭṭhitā.
२। वेदनानुपस्सना
2. Vedanānupassanā
2. Observing the Feelings
कथञ्च पन, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु वेदनासु वेदनानुपस्सी विहरति?
Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati?
And how does a bhikkhu meditate observing an aspect of feelings?
इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु सुखं वा वेदनं वेदयमानो ‘सुखं वेदनं वेदयामीऽति पजानाति।
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sukhaṁ vā vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘sukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.
It’s when a bhikkhu who feels a pleasant feeling knows: ‘I feel a pleasant feeling.’
दुक्खं वा वेदनं वेदयमानो ‘दुक्खं वेदनं वेदयामीऽति पजानाति।
Dukkhaṁ vā vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.
When they feel a painful feeling, they know: ‘I feel a painful feeling.’
अदुक्खमसुखं वा वेदनं वेदयमानो ‘अदुक्खमसुखं वेदनं वेदयामीऽति पजानाति।
Adukkhamasukhaṁ vā vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘adukkhamasukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.
When they feel a neutral feeling, they know: ‘I feel a neutral feeling.’
सामिसं वा सुखं वेदनं वेदयमानो ‘सामिसं सुखं वेदनं वेदयामीऽति पजानाति।
Sāmisaṁ vā sukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘sāmisaṁ sukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.
When they feel a pleasant feeling of the flesh, they know: ‘I feel a pleasant feeling of the flesh.’
निरामिसं वा सुखं वेदनं वेदयमानो ‘निरामिसं सुखं वेदनं वेदयामीऽति पजानाति।
Nirāmisaṁ vā sukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘nirāmisaṁ sukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.
When they feel a pleasant feeling not of the flesh, they know: ‘I feel a pleasant feeling not of the flesh.’
सामिसं वा दुक्खं वेदनं वेदयमानो ‘सामिसं दुक्खं वेदनं वेदयामीऽति पजानाति।
Sāmisaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘sāmisaṁ dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.
When they feel a painful feeling of the flesh, they know: ‘I feel a painful feeling of the flesh.’
निरामिसं वा दुक्खं वेदनं वेदयमानो ‘निरामिसं दुक्खं वेदनं वेदयामीऽति पजानाति।
Nirāmisaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘nirāmisaṁ dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.
When they feel a painful feeling not of the flesh, they know: ‘I feel a painful feeling not of the flesh.’
सामिसं वा अदुक्खमसुखं वेदनं वेदयमानो ‘सामिसं अदुक्खमसुखं वेदनं वेदयामीऽति पजानाति।
Sāmisaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘sāmisaṁ adukkhamasukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.
When they feel a material neutral feeling, they know: ‘I feel a material neutral feeling.’
निरामिसं वा अदुक्खमसुखं वेदनं वेदयमानो ‘निरामिसं अदुक्खमसुखं वेदनं वेदयामीऽति पजानाति।
Nirāmisaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘nirāmisaṁ adukkhamasukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.
When they feel a neutral feeling not of the flesh, they know: ‘I feel a neutral feeling not of the flesh.’
इति अज्झत्तं वा वेदनासु वेदनानुपस्सी विहरति, बहिद्धा वा वेदनासु वेदनानुपस्सी विहरति, अज्झत्तबहिद्धा वा वेदनासु वेदनानुपस्सी विहरति। समुदयधम्मानुपस्सी वा वेदनासु विहरति, वयधम्मानुपस्सी वा वेदनासु विहरति, समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सी वा वेदनासु विहरति। ‘अत्थि वेदनाऽति वा पनस्स सति पच्चुपट्ठिता होति यावदेव ञाणमत्ताय पटिस्सतिमत्ताय अनिस्सितो च विहरति, न च किञ्चि लोके उपादियति।
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati. Samudayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati. ‘Atthi vedanā’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
And so they meditate observing an aspect of feelings internally, externally, and both internally and externally. They meditate observing feelings as liable to originate, as liable to vanish, and as liable to both originate and vanish. Or mindfulness is established that feelings exist, to the extent necessary for knowledge and mindfulness. They meditate independent, not grasping at anything in the world.
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु वेदनासु वेदनानुपस्सी विहरति।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati.
That’s how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of feelings.
वेदनानुपस्सना निट्ठिता।
Vedanānupassanā niṭṭhitā.
३। चित्तानुपस्सना
3. Cittānupassanā
3. Observing the Mind
कथञ्च पन, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु चित्ते चित्तानुपस्सी विहरति?
Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu citte cittānupassī viharati?
And how does a bhikkhu meditate observing an aspect of the mind?
इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु सरागं वा चित्तं ‘सरागं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। वीतरागं वा चित्तं ‘वीतरागं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। सदोसं वा चित्तं ‘सदोसं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। वीतदोसं वा चित्तं ‘वीतदोसं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। समोहं वा चित्तं ‘समोहं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। वीतमोहं वा चित्तं ‘वीतमोहं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। सङ्खित्तं वा चित्तं ‘सङ्खित्तं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। विक्खित्तं वा चित्तं ‘विक्खित्तं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। महग्गतं वा चित्तं ‘महग्गतं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। अमहग्गतं वा चित्तं ‘अमहग्गतं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। सौत्तरं वा चित्तं ‘सौत्तरं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। अनुत्तरं वा चित्तं ‘अनुत्तरं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। समाहितं वा चित्तं ‘समाहितं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। असमाहितं वा चित्तं ‘असमाहितं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। विमुत्तं वा चित्तं ‘विमुत्तं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। अविमुत्तं वा चित्तं ‘अविमुत्तं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति।
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sarāgaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘sarāgaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Vītarāgaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vītarāgaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Sadosaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘sadosaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Vītadosaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vītadosaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Samohaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘samohaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Vītamohaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vītamohaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Saṅkhittaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘saṅkhittaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Vikkhittaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vikkhittaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Mahaggataṁ vā cittaṁ ‘mahaggataṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Amahaggataṁ vā cittaṁ ‘amahaggataṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Sauttaraṁ vā cittaṁ ‘sauttaraṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Anuttaraṁ vā cittaṁ ‘anuttaraṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Samāhitaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘samāhitaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Asamāhitaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘asamāhitaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Vimuttaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vimuttaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Avimuttaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘avimuttaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.
It’s when a bhikkhu understands mind with greed as ‘mind with greed,’ and mind without greed as ‘mind without greed.’ They understand mind with hate as ‘mind with hate,’ and mind without hate as ‘mind without hate.’ They understand mind with delusion as ‘mind with delusion,’ and mind without delusion as ‘mind without delusion.’ They know constricted mind as ‘constricted mind,’ and scattered mind as ‘scattered mind.’ They know expansive mind as ‘expansive mind,’ and unexpansive mind as ‘unexpansive mind.’ They know mind that is not supreme as ‘mind that is not supreme,’ and mind that is supreme as ‘mind that is supreme.’ They know mind immersed in samādhi as ‘mind immersed in meditation,’ and mind not immersed in samādhi as ‘mind not immersed in meditation.’ They know freed mind as ‘freed mind,’ and unfreed mind as ‘unfreed mind.’
इति अज्झत्तं वा चित्ते चित्तानुपस्सी विहरति, बहिद्धा वा चित्ते चित्तानुपस्सी विहरति, अज्झत्तबहिद्धा वा चित्ते चित्तानुपस्सी विहरति। समुदयधम्मानुपस्सी वा चित्तस्मिं विहरति, वयधम्मानुपस्सी वा चित्तस्मिं विहरति, समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सी वा चित्तस्मिं विहरति। ‘अत्थि चित्तन्ऽति वा पनस्स सति पच्चुपट्ठिता होति यावदेव ञाणमत्ताय पटिस्सतिमत्ताय अनिस्सितो च विहरति, न च किञ्चि लोके उपादियति।
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā citte cittānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā citte cittānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā citte cittānupassī viharati. Samudayadhammānupassī vā cittasmiṁ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā cittasmiṁ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā cittasmiṁ viharati. ‘Atthi cittan’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
And so they meditate observing an aspect of the mind internally, externally, and both internally and externally. They meditate observing the mind as liable to originate, as liable to vanish, and as liable to both originate and vanish. Or mindfulness is established that the mind exists, to the extent necessary for knowledge and mindfulness. They meditate independent, not grasping at anything in the world.
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु चित्ते चित्तानुपस्सी विहरति।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu citte cittānupassī viharati.
That’s how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the mind.
चित्तानुपस्सना निट्ठिता।
Cittānupassanā niṭṭhitā.
४। धम्मानुपस्सना
4. Dhammānupassanā
4. Observing Principles
४।१। धम्मानुपस्सनानीवरणपब्ब
4.1. Dhammānupassanānīvaraṇapabba
4.1. The Hindrances
कथञ्च पन, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति?
Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati?
And how does a bhikkhu meditate observing an aspect of principles?
इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति पञ्चसु नीवरणेसु। कथञ्च पन, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति पञ्चसु नीवरणेसु?
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu nīvaraṇesu. Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu nīvaraṇesu?
It’s when a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of principles with respect to the five hindrances. And how does a bhikkhu meditate observing an aspect of principles with respect to the five hindrances?
इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं कामच्छन्दं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं कामच्छन्दोऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं कामच्छन्दं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं कामच्छन्दोऽति पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स कामच्छन्दस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स कामच्छन्दस्स पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनस्स कामच्छन्दस्स आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ kāmacchandaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ kāmacchando’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ kāmacchandaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ kāmacchando’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa kāmacchandassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa kāmacchandassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa kāmacchandassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
It’s when a bhikkhu who has sensual desire in them understands: ‘I have sensual desire in me.’ When they don’t have sensual desire in them, they understand: ‘I don’t have sensual desire in me.’ They understand how sensual desire arises; how, when it’s already arisen, it’s given up; and how, once it’s given up, it doesn’t arise again in the future.
सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं ब्यापादं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं ब्यापादोऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं ब्यापादं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं ब्यापादोऽति पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स ब्यापादस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स ब्यापादस्स पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनस्स ब्यापादस्स आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ byāpādaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ byāpādo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ byāpādaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ byāpādo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa byāpādassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa byāpādassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa byāpādassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
When they have ill will in them, they understand: ‘I have ill will in me.’ When they don’t have ill will in them, they understand: ‘I don’t have ill will in me.’ They understand how ill will arises; how, when it’s already arisen, it’s given up; and how, once it’s given up, it doesn’t arise again in the future.
सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं थिनमिद्धं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं थिनमिद्धन्ऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं थिनमिद्धं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं थिनमिद्धन्ऽति पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स थिनमिद्धस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स थिनमिद्धस्स पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनस्स थिनमिद्धस्स आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ thinamiddhaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ thinamiddhan’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ thinamiddhaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ thinamiddhan’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa thinamiddhassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa thinamiddhassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa thinamiddhassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
When they have dullness and drowsiness in them, they understand: ‘I have dullness and drowsiness in me.’ When they don’t have dullness and drowsiness in them, they understand: ‘I don’t have dullness and drowsiness in me.’ They understand how dullness and drowsiness arise; how, when they’ve already arisen, they’re given up; and how, once they’re given up, they don’t arise again in the future.
सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं उद्धच्चकुक्कुच्चं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं उद्धच्चकुक्कुच्चन्ऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं उद्धच्चकुक्कुच्चं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं उद्धच्चकुक्कुच्चन्ऽति पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स उद्धच्चकुक्कुच्चस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स उद्धच्चकुक्कुच्चस्स पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनस्स उद्धच्चकुक्कुच्चस्स आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ uddhaccakukkuccaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ uddhaccakukkuccan’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ uddhaccakukkuccaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ uddhaccakukkuccan’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa uddhaccakukkuccassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa uddhaccakukkuccassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa uddhaccakukkuccassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
When they have restlessness and remorse in them, they understand: ‘I have restlessness and remorse in me.’ When they don’t have restlessness and remorse in them, they understand: ‘I don’t have restlessness and remorse in me.’ They understand how restlessness and remorse arise; how, when they’ve already arisen, they’re given up; and how, once they’re given up, they don’t arise again in the future.
सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं विचिकिच्छं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं विचिकिच्छाऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं विचिकिच्छं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं विचिकिच्छाऽति पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नाय विचिकिच्छाय उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नाय विचिकिच्छाय पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनाय विचिकिच्छाय आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ vicikicchaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ vicikicchā’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ vicikicchaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ vicikicchā’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannāya vicikicchāya uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannāya vicikicchāya pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnāya vicikicchāya āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
When they have doubt in them, they understand: ‘I have doubt in me.’ When they don’t have doubt in them, they understand: ‘I don’t have doubt in me.’ They understand how doubt arises; how, when it’s already arisen, it’s given up; and how, once it’s given up, it doesn’t arise again in the future.
इति अज्झत्तं वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति, बहिद्धा वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति, अज्झत्तबहिद्धा वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति। समुदयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति, वयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति, समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति। ‘अत्थि धम्माऽति वा पनस्स सति पच्चुपट्ठिता होति यावदेव ञाणमत्ताय पटिस्सतिमत्ताय, अनिस्सितो च विहरति, न च किञ्चि लोके उपादियति।
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati. Samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati. ‘Atthi dhammā’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya, anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
And so they meditate observing an aspect of principles internally, externally, and both internally and externally. They meditate observing the principles as liable to originate, as liable to vanish, and as liable to both originate and vanish. Or mindfulness is established that principles exist, to the extent necessary for knowledge and mindfulness. They meditate independent, not grasping at anything in the world.
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति पञ्चसु नीवरणेसु।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu nīvaraṇesu.
That’s how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of principles with respect to the five hindrances.
नीवरणपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Nīvaraṇapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
४।२। धम्मानुपस्सनाखन्धपब्ब
4.2. Dhammānupassanākhandhapabba
4.2. The Aggregates
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति पञ्चसु उपादानक्खन्धेसु। कथञ्च पन, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति पञ्चसु उपादानक्खन्धेसु?
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu. Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu?
Furthermore, a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of principles with respect to the five grasping aggregates. And how does a bhikkhu meditate observing an aspect of principles with respect to the five grasping aggregates?
इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु: ‘इति रूपं, इति रूपस्स समुदयो, इति रूपस्स अत्थङ्गमो; इति वेदना, इति वेदनाय समुदयो, इति वेदनाय अत्थङ्गमो; इति सञ्ञा, इति सञ्ञाय समुदयो, इति सञ्ञाय अत्थङ्गमो; इति सङ्खारा, इति सङ्खारानं समुदयो, इति सङ्खारानं अत्थङ्गमो, इति विञ्ञाणं, इति विञ्ञाणस्स समुदयो, इति विञ्ञाणस्स अत्थङ्गमोऽति, इति अज्झत्तं वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति, बहिद्धा वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति, अज्झत्तबहिद्धा वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति। समुदयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति, वयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति, समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति। ‘अत्थि धम्माऽति वा पनस्स सति पच्चुपट्ठिता होति यावदेव ञाणमत्ताय पटिस्सतिमत्ताय, अनिस्सितो च विहरति, न च किञ्चि लोके उपादियति।
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu: ‘iti rūpaṁ, iti rūpassa samudayo, iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo; iti vedanā, iti vedanāya samudayo, iti vedanāya atthaṅgamo; iti saññā, iti saññāya samudayo, iti saññāya atthaṅgamo; iti saṅkhārā, iti saṅkhārānaṁ samudayo, iti saṅkhārānaṁ atthaṅgamo, iti viññāṇaṁ, iti viññāṇassa samudayo, iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo’ti, iti ajjhattaṁ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati. Samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati. ‘Atthi dhammā’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya, anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
It’s when a bhikkhu contemplates: Such is form, such is the origin of form, such is the ending of form. Such is feeling, such is the origin of feeling, such is the ending of feeling. Such is perception, such is the origin of perception, such is the ending of perception. Such are choices, such is the origin of choices, such is the ending of choices. Such is consciousness, such is the origin of consciousness, such is the ending of consciousness.’ And so they meditate observing an aspect of principles internally …
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति पञ्चसु उपादानक्खन्धेसु।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu.
That’s how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of principles with respect to the five grasping aggregates.
खन्धपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Khandhapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
४।३। धम्मानुपस्सनाआयतनपब्ब
4.3. Dhammānupassanāāyatanapabba
4.3. The Sense Fields
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति छसु अज्झत्तिकबाहिरेसु आयतनेसु। कथञ्च पन, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति छसु अज्झत्तिकबाहिरेसु आयतनेसु?
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati chasu ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu. Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati chasu ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu?
Furthermore, a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of principles with respect to the six interior and exterior sense fields. And how does a bhikkhu meditate observing an aspect of principles with respect to the six interior and exterior sense fields?
इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु चक्खुञ्च पजानाति, रूपे च पजानाति, यञ्च तदुभयं पटिच्च उप्पज्जति संयोजनं तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनस्स संयोजनस्स आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhuñca pajānāti, rūpe ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṁ paṭicca uppajjati saṁyojanaṁ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṁyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṁyojanassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṁyojanassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
It’s when a bhikkhu understands the eye, sights, and the fetter that arises dependent on both of these. They understand how the fetter that has not arisen comes to arise; how the arisen fetter comes to be abandoned; and how the abandoned fetter comes to not rise again in the future.
सोतञ्च पजानाति, सद्दे च पजानाति, यञ्च तदुभयं पटिच्च उप्पज्जति संयोजनं तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनस्स संयोजनस्स आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Sotañca pajānāti, sadde ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṁ paṭicca uppajjati saṁyojanaṁ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṁyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṁyojanassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṁyojanassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
They understand the ear, sounds, and the fetter …
घानञ्च पजानाति, गन्धे च पजानाति, यञ्च तदुभयं पटिच्च उप्पज्जति संयोजनं तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनस्स संयोजनस्स आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Ghānañca pajānāti, gandhe ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṁ paṭicca uppajjati saṁyojanaṁ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṁyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṁyojanassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṁyojanassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
They understand the nose, smells, and the fetter …
जिव्हञ्च पजानाति, रसे च पजानाति, यञ्च तदुभयं पटिच्च उप्पज्जति संयोजनं तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनस्स संयोजनस्स आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Jivhañca pajānāti, rase ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṁ paṭicca uppajjati saṁyojanaṁ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṁyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṁyojanassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṁyojanassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
They understand the tongue, tastes, and the fetter …
कायञ्च पजानाति, फोट्ठब्बे च पजानाति, यञ्च तदुभयं पटिच्च उप्पज्जति संयोजनं तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनस्स संयोजनस्स आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Kāyañca pajānāti, phoṭṭhabbe ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṁ paṭicca uppajjati saṁyojanaṁ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṁyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṁyojanassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṁyojanassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
They understand the body, touches, and the fetter …
मनञ्च पजानाति, धम्मे च पजानाति, यञ्च तदुभयं पटिच्च उप्पज्जति संयोजनं तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनस्स संयोजनस्स आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Manañca pajānāti, dhamme ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṁ paṭicca uppajjati saṁyojanaṁ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṁyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṁyojanassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṁyojanassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
They understand the mind, thoughts, and the fetter that arises dependent on both of these. They understand how the fetter that has not arisen comes to arise; how the arisen fetter comes to be abandoned; and how the abandoned fetter comes to not rise again in the future.
इति अज्झत्तं वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति, बहिद्धा वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति, अज्झत्तबहिद्धा वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति। समुदयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति, वयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति, समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति। ‘अत्थि धम्माऽति वा पनस्स सति पच्चुपट्ठिता होति यावदेव ञाणमत्ताय पटिस्सतिमत्ताय, अनिस्सितो च विहरति, न च किञ्चि लोके उपादियति।
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati. Samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati. ‘Atthi dhammā’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya, anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
And so they meditate observing an aspect of principles internally …
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति छसु अज्झत्तिकबाहिरेसु आयतनेसु।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati chasu ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu.
That’s how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of principles with respect to the six internal and external sense fields.
आयतनपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Āyatanapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
४।४। धम्मानुपस्सनाबोज्झङ्गपब्ब
4.4. Dhammānupassanābojjhaṅgapabba
4.4. The Awakening Factors
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति सत्तसु बोज्झङ्गेसु। कथञ्च पन, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति सत्तसु बोज्झङ्गेसु?
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati sattasu bojjhaṅgesu. Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati sattasu bojjhaṅgesu?
Furthermore, a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of principles with respect to the seven awakening factors. And how does a bhikkhu meditate observing an aspect of principles with respect to the seven awakening factors?
इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं सतिसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं सतिसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं सतिसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं सतिसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स सतिसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स सतिसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स भावनाय पारिपूरी होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ satisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ satisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ satisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ satisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa satisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa satisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti.
It’s when a bhikkhu who has the awakening factor of mindfulness in them understands: ‘I have the awakening factor of mindfulness in me.’ When they don’t have the awakening factor of mindfulness in them, they understand: ‘I don’t have the awakening factor of mindfulness in me.’ They understand how the awakening factor of mindfulness that has not arisen comes to arise; and how the awakening factor of mindfulness that has arisen becomes fulfilled by development.
सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं धम्मविचयसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं धम्मविचयसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं धम्मविचयसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं धम्मविचयसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स धम्मविचयसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स धम्मविचयसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स भावनाय पारिपूरी होति तञ्च पजानाति। सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं वीरियसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं वीरियसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं वीरियसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं वीरियसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स वीरियसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स वीरियसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स भावनाय पारिपूरी होति तञ्च पजानाति। सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं पीतिसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं पीतिसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं पीतिसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं पीतिसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स पीतिसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स पीतिसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स भावनाय पारिपूरी होति तञ्च पजानाति। सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं पस्सद्धिसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं पस्सद्धिसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं पस्सद्धिसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं पस्सद्धिसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स पस्सद्धिसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स पस्सद्धिसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स भावनाय पारिपूरी होति तञ्च पजानाति। सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं समाधिसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं समाधिसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं समाधिसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं समाधिसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स समाधिसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स समाधिसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स भावनाय पारिपूरी होति तञ्च पजानाति। सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं उपेक्खासम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं उपेक्खासम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं उपेक्खासम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं उपेक्खासम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स उपेक्खासम्बोज्झङ्गस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स उपेक्खासम्बोज्झङ्गस्स भावनाय पारिपूरी होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti. Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ vīriyasambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ vīriyasambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti. Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ pītisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ pītisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ pītisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ pītisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa pītisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa pītisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti. Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ passaddhisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ passaddhisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti. Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ samādhisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ samādhisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ samādhisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ samādhisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa samādhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa samādhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti. Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti.
When they have the awakening factor of investigation of principles … energy … rapture … tranquility … immersion … equanimity in them, they understand: ‘I have the awakening factor of equanimity in me.’ When they don’t have the awakening factor of equanimity in them, they understand: ‘I don’t have the awakening factor of equanimity in me.’ They understand how the awakening factor of equanimity that has not arisen comes to arise; and how the awakening factor of equanimity that has arisen becomes fulfilled by development.
इति अज्झत्तं वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति, बहिद्धा वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति, अज्झत्तबहिद्धा वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति। समुदयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति, वयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति, समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति। ‘अत्थि धम्माऽति वा पनस्स सति पच्चुपट्ठिता होति यावदेव ञाणमत्ताय पटिस्सतिमत्ताय, अनिस्सितो च विहरति, न च किञ्चि लोके उपादियति।
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati. Samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati. ‘Atthi dhammā’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya, anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
And so they meditate observing an aspect of principles internally, externally, and both internally and externally. They meditate observing the principles as liable to originate, as liable to vanish, and as liable to both originate and vanish. Or mindfulness is established that principles exist, to the extent necessary for knowledge and mindfulness. They meditate independent, not grasping at anything in the world.
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति सत्तसु बोज्झङ्गेसु।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati sattasu bojjhaṅgesu.
That’s how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of principles with respect to the seven awakening factors.
बोज्झङ्गपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Bojjhaṅgapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
४।५। धम्मानुपस्सनासच्चपब्ब
4.5. Dhammānupassanāsaccapabba
4.5. The Truths
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति चतूसु अरियसच्चेसु। कथञ्च पन, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति चतूसु अरियसच्चेसु?
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati catūsu ariyasaccesu. Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati catūsu ariyasaccesu?
Furthermore, a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of principles with respect to the four noble truths. And how does a bhikkhu meditate observing an aspect of principles with respect to the four noble truths?
इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु ‘इदं दुक्खन्ऽति यथाभूतं पजानाति, ‘अयं दुक्खसमुदयोऽति यथाभूतं पजानाति, ‘अयं दुक्खनिरोधोऽति यथाभूतं पजानाति, ‘अयं दुक्खनिरोधगामिनी पटिपदाऽति यथाभूतं पजानाति।
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti.
It’s when a bhikkhu truly understands: ‘This is suffering’ … ‘This is the origin of suffering’ … ‘This is the cessation of suffering’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering.’
पठमभाणवारो निट्ठितो।
Paṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito.
The first recitation section is finished.
४।५।१। दुक्खसच्चनिद्देस
4.5.1. Dukkhasaccaniddesa
4.5.1. The Truth of Suffering
कतमञ्च, भिक्खवे, दुक्खं अरियसच्चं?
Katamañca, bhikkhave, dukkhaṁ ariyasaccaṁ?
And what is the noble truth of suffering?
जातिपि दुक्खा, जरापि दुक्खा, मरणम्पि दुक्खं, सोकपरिदेवदुक्खदोमनस्सुपायासापि दुक्खा, अप्पियेहि सम्पयोगोपि दुक्खो, पियेहि विप्पयोगोपि दुक्खो, यम्पिच्छं न लभति तम्पि दुक्खं, सङ्खित्तेन पञ्चुपादानक्खन्धा दुक्खा।
Jātipi dukkhā, jarāpi dukkhā, maraṇampi dukkhaṁ, sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsāpi dukkhā, appiyehi sampayogopi dukkho, piyehi vippayogopi dukkho, yampicchaṁ na labhati tampi dukkhaṁ, saṅkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā.
Rebirth is suffering; old age is suffering; death is suffering; sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress are suffering; association with the disliked is suffering; separation from the liked is suffering; not getting what you wish for is suffering. In brief, the five grasping aggregates are suffering.
कतमा च, भिक्खवे, जाति? या तेसं तेसं सत्तानं तम्हि तम्हि सत्तनिकाये जाति सञ्जाति ओक्कन्ति अभिनिब्बत्ति खन्धानं पातुभावो आयतनानं पटिलाभो, अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, जाति।
Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jāti? Yā tesaṁ tesaṁ sattānaṁ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jāti sañjāti okkanti abhinibbatti khandhānaṁ pātubhāvo āyatanānaṁ paṭilābho, ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, jāti.
And what is rebirth? The rebirth, inception, conception, reincarnation, manifestation of the sets of phenomena, and acquisition of the sense fields of the various sentient beings in the various orders of sentient beings. This is called rebirth.
कतमा च, भिक्खवे, जरा? या तेसं तेसं सत्तानं तम्हि तम्हि सत्तनिकाये जरा जीरणता खण्डिच्चं पालिच्चं वलित्तचता आयुनो संहानि इन्द्रियानं परिपाको, अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, जरा।
Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jarā? Yā tesaṁ tesaṁ sattānaṁ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṁ pāliccaṁ valittacatā āyuno saṁhāni indriyānaṁ paripāko, ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, jarā.
And what is old age? The old age, decrepitude, broken teeth, grey hair, wrinkly skin, diminished vitality, and failing faculties of the various sentient beings in the various orders of sentient beings. This is called old age.
कतमञ्च, भिक्खवे, मरणं? यं तेसं तेसं सत्तानं तम्हा तम्हा सत्तनिकाया चुति चवनता भेदो अन्तरधानं मच्चु मरणं कालकिरिया खन्धानं भेदो कळेवरस्स निक्खेपो जीवितिन्द्रियस्सुपच्छेदो, इदं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, मरणं।
Katamañca, bhikkhave, maraṇaṁ? Yaṁ5 tesaṁ tesaṁ sattānaṁ tamhā tamhā sattanikāyā cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṁ maccu maraṇaṁ kālakiriyā khandhānaṁ bhedo kaḷevarassa nikkhepo jīvitindriyassupacchedo, idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, maraṇaṁ.
And what is death? The passing away, perishing, disintegration, demise, mortality, death, decease, breaking up of the aggregates, laying to rest of the corpse, and cutting off of the life faculty of the various sentient beings in the various orders of sentient beings. This is called death.
कतमो च, भिक्खवे, सोको? यो खो, भिक्खवे, अञ्ञतरञ्ञतरेन ब्यसनेन समन्नागतस्स अञ्ञतरञ्ञतरेन दुक्खधम्मेन फुट्ठस्स सोको सोचना सोचितत्तं अन्तोसोको अन्तोपरिसोको, अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, सोको।
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, soko? Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa soko socanā socitattaṁ antosoko antoparisoko, ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, soko.
And what is sorrow? The sorrow, sorrowing, state of sorrow, inner sorrow, inner deep sorrow in someone who has undergone misfortune, who has experienced suffering. This is called sorrow.
कतमो च, भिक्खवे, परिदेवो? यो खो, भिक्खवे, अञ्ञतरञ्ञतरेन ब्यसनेन समन्नागतस्स अञ्ञतरञ्ञतरेन दुक्खधम्मेन फुट्ठस्स आदेवो परिदेवो आदेवना परिदेवना आदेवितत्तं परिदेवितत्तं, अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, परिदेवो।
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paridevo? Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa ādevo paridevo ādevanā paridevanā ādevitattaṁ paridevitattaṁ, ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, paridevo.
And what is lamentation? The wail, lament, wailing, lamenting, state of wailing and lamentation in someone who has undergone misfortune, who has experienced suffering. This is called lamentation.
कतमञ्च, भिक्खवे, दुक्खं? यं खो, भिक्खवे, कायिकं दुक्खं कायिकं असातं कायसम्फस्सजं दुक्खं असातं वेदयितं, इदं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, दुक्खं।
Katamañca, bhikkhave, dukkhaṁ? Yaṁ kho, bhikkhave, kāyikaṁ dukkhaṁ kāyikaṁ asātaṁ kāyasamphassajaṁ dukkhaṁ asātaṁ vedayitaṁ, idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhaṁ.
And what is pain? Physical pain, physical unpleasantness, the painful, unpleasant feeling that’s born from physical contact. This is called pain.
कतमञ्च, भिक्खवे, दोमनस्सं? यं खो, भिक्खवे, चेतसिकं दुक्खं चेतसिकं असातं मनोसम्फस्सजं दुक्खं असातं वेदयितं, इदं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, दोमनस्सं।
Katamañca, bhikkhave, domanassaṁ? Yaṁ kho, bhikkhave, cetasikaṁ dukkhaṁ cetasikaṁ asātaṁ manosamphassajaṁ dukkhaṁ asātaṁ vedayitaṁ, idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, domanassaṁ.
And what is sadness? Mental pain, mental displeasure, the painful, unpleasant feeling that’s born from mental contact. This is called sadness.
कतमो च, भिक्खवे, उपायासो? यो खो, भिक्खवे, अञ्ञतरञ्ञतरेन ब्यसनेन समन्नागतस्स अञ्ञतरञ्ञतरेन दुक्खधम्मेन फुट्ठस्स आयासो उपायासो आयासितत्तं उपायासितत्तं, अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, उपायासो।
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, upāyāso? Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa āyāso upāyāso āyāsitattaṁ upāyāsitattaṁ, ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, upāyāso.
And what is distress? The stress, distress, state of stress and distress in someone who has undergone misfortune, who has experienced suffering. This is called distress.
कतमो च, भिक्खवे, अप्पियेहि सम्पयोगो दुक्खो? इध यस्स ते होन्ति अनिट्ठा अकन्ता अमनापा रूपा सद्दा गन्धा रसा फोट्ठब्बा धम्मा, ये वा पनस्स ते होन्ति अनत्थकामा अहितकामा अफासुककामा अयोगक्खेमकामा, या तेहि सद्धिं सङ्गति समागमो समोधानं मिस्सीभावो, अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, अप्पियेहि सम्पयोगो दुक्खो।
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho? Idha yassa te honti aniṭṭhā akantā amanāpā rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā dhammā, ye vā panassa te honti anatthakāmā ahitakāmā aphāsukakāmā ayogakkhemakāmā, yā tehi saddhiṁ saṅgati samāgamo samodhānaṁ missībhāvo, ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho.
And what is meant by ‘association with the disliked is suffering’? There are sights, sounds, smells, tastes, touches, and thoughts that are unlikable, undesirable, and disagreeable. And there are those who want to harm, injure, disturb, and threaten you. The coming together with these, the joining, inclusion, mixing with them: this is what is meant by ‘association with the disliked is suffering’.
कतमो च, भिक्खवे, पियेहि विप्पयोगो दुक्खो? इध यस्स ते होन्ति इट्ठा कन्ता मनापा रूपा सद्दा गन्धा रसा फोट्ठब्बा धम्मा, ये वा पनस्स ते होन्ति अत्थकामा हितकामा फासुककामा योगक्खेमकामा माता वा पिता वा भाता वा भगिनी वा मित्ता वा अमच्चा वा ञातिसालोहिता वा, या तेहि सद्धिं असङ्गति असमागमो असमोधानं अमिस्सीभावो, अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, पियेहि विप्पयोगो दुक्खो।
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho? Idha yassa te honti iṭṭhā kantā manāpā rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā dhammā, ye vā panassa te honti atthakāmā hitakāmā phāsukakāmā yogakkhemakāmā mātā vā pitā vā bhātā vā bhaginī vā mittā vā amaccā vā ñātisālohitā vā, yā tehi saddhiṁ asaṅgati asamāgamo asamodhānaṁ amissībhāvo, ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho.
And what is meant by ‘separation from the liked is suffering’? There are sights, sounds, smells, tastes, touches, and thoughts that are likable, desirable, and agreeable. And there are those who want to benefit, help, comfort, and protect you: mother and father, brother and sister, friends and colleagues, relatives and kin. The division from these, the disconnection, segregation, and parting from them: this is what is meant by ‘separation from the liked is suffering’.
कतमञ्च, भिक्खवे, यम्पिच्छं न लभति तम्पि दुक्खं? जातिधम्मानं, भिक्खवे, सत्तानं एवं इच्छा उप्पज्जति: ‘अहो वत मयं न जातिधम्मा अस्साम, न च वत नो जाति आगच्छेय्याऽति। न खो पनेतं इच्छाय पत्तब्बं, इदम्पि यम्पिच्छं न लभति तम्पि दुक्खं। जराधम्मानं, भिक्खवे, सत्तानं एवं इच्छा उप्पज्जति: ‘अहो वत मयं न जराधम्मा अस्साम, न च वत नो जरा आगच्छेय्याऽति। न खो पनेतं इच्छाय पत्तब्बं, इदम्पि यम्पिच्छं न लभति तम्पि दुक्खं। ब्याधिधम्मानं, भिक्खवे, सत्तानं एवं इच्छा उप्पज्जति ‘अहो वत मयं न ब्याधिधम्मा अस्साम, न च वत नो ब्याधि आगच्छेय्याऽति। न खो पनेतं इच्छाय पत्तब्बं, इदम्पि यम्पिच्छं न लभति तम्पि दुक्खं। मरणधम्मानं, भिक्खवे, सत्तानं एवं इच्छा उप्पज्जति ‘अहो वत मयं न मरणधम्मा अस्साम, न च वत नो मरणं आगच्छेय्याऽति। न खो पनेतं इच्छाय पत्तब्बं, इदम्पि यम्पिच्छं न लभति तम्पि दुक्खं। सोकपरिदेवदुक्खदोमनस्सुपायासधम्मानं, भिक्खवे, सत्तानं एवं इच्छा उप्पज्जति ‘अहो वत मयं न सोकपरिदेवदुक्खदोमनस्सुपायासधम्मा अस्साम, न च वत नो सोकपरिदेवदुक्खदोमनस्सुपायासआ आगच्छेय्युन्ऽति। न खो पनेतं इच्छाय पत्तब्बं, इदम्पि यम्पिच्छं न लभति तम्पि दुक्खं।
Katamañca, bhikkhave, yampicchaṁ na labhati tampi dukkhaṁ? Jātidhammānaṁ, bhikkhave, sattānaṁ evaṁ icchā uppajjati: ‘aho vata mayaṁ na jātidhammā assāma, na ca vata no jāti āgaccheyyā’ti. Na kho panetaṁ icchāya pattabbaṁ, idampi yampicchaṁ na labhati tampi dukkhaṁ. Jarādhammānaṁ, bhikkhave, sattānaṁ evaṁ icchā uppajjati: ‘aho vata mayaṁ na jarādhammā assāma, na ca vata no jarā āgaccheyyā’ti. Na kho panetaṁ icchāya pattabbaṁ, idampi yampicchaṁ na labhati tampi dukkhaṁ. Byādhidhammānaṁ, bhikkhave, sattānaṁ evaṁ icchā uppajjati ‘aho vata mayaṁ na byādhidhammā assāma, na ca vata no byādhi āgaccheyyā’ti. Na kho panetaṁ icchāya pattabbaṁ, idampi yampicchaṁ na labhati tampi dukkhaṁ. Maraṇadhammānaṁ, bhikkhave, sattānaṁ evaṁ icchā uppajjati ‘aho vata mayaṁ na maraṇadhammā assāma, na ca vata no maraṇaṁ āgaccheyyā’ti. Na kho panetaṁ icchāya pattabbaṁ, idampi yampicchaṁ na labhati tampi dukkhaṁ. Sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammānaṁ, bhikkhave, sattānaṁ evaṁ icchā uppajjati ‘aho vata mayaṁ na sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammā assāma, na ca vata no sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsaā āgaccheyyun’ti. Na kho panetaṁ icchāya pattabbaṁ, idampi yampicchaṁ na labhati tampi dukkhaṁ.
And what is meant by ‘not getting what you wish for is suffering’? In sentient beings who are liable to be reborn, such a wish arises: ‘Oh, if only we were not liable to be reborn! If only rebirth would not come to us!’ But you can’t get that by wishing. This is what is meant by ‘not getting what you wish for is suffering.’ In sentient beings who are liable to grow old … fall ill … die … experience sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress, such a wish arises: ‘Oh, if only we were not liable to experience sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress! If only sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress would not come to us!’ But you can’t get that by wishing. This is what is meant by ‘not getting what you wish for is suffering.’
कतमे च, भिक्खवे, सङ्खित्तेन पञ्चुपादानक्खन्धा दुक्खा? सेय्यथिदं—रूपुपादानक्खन्धो, वेदनुपादानक्खन्धो, सञ्ञुपादानक्खन्धो, सङ्खारुपादानक्खन्धो, विञ्ञाणुपादानक्खन्धो। इमे वुच्चन्ति, भिक्खवे, सङ्खित्तेन पञ्चुपादानक्खन्धा दुक्खा।
Katame ca, bhikkhave, saṅkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā? Seyyathidaṁ—rūpupādānakkhandho, vedanupādānakkhandho, saññupādānakkhandho, saṅkhārupādānakkhandho, viññāṇupādānakkhandho. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, saṅkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā.
And what is meant by ‘in brief, the five grasping aggregates are suffering’? They are the grasping aggregates that consist of form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness. This is what is meant by ‘in brief, the five grasping aggregates are suffering’.
इदं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, दुक्खं अरियसच्चं।
Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhaṁ ariyasaccaṁ.
This is called the noble truth of suffering.
४।५।२। समुदयसच्चनिद्देस
4.5.2. Samudayasaccaniddesa
4.5.2. The Origin of Suffering
कतमञ्च, भिक्खवे, दुक्खसमुदयं अरियसच्चं?
Katamañca, bhikkhave, dukkhasamudayaṁ ariyasaccaṁ?
And what is the noble truth of the origin of suffering?
यायं तण्हा पोनोब्भविका नन्दीरागसहगता तत्रतत्राभिनन्दिनी, सेय्यथिदं—कामतण्हा भवतण्हा विभवतण्हा।
Yāyaṁ taṇhā ponobbhavikā6 nandīrāgasahagatā tatratatrābhinandinī, seyyathidaṁ—kāmataṇhā bhavataṇhā vibhavataṇhā.
It’s the craving that leads to future lives, mixed up with relishing and greed, taking pleasure wherever it lands. That is, craving for sensual pleasures, craving for continued existence, and craving to end existence.
सा खो पनेसा, भिक्खवे, तण्हा कत्थ उप्पज्जमाना उप्पज्जति, कत्थ निविसमाना निविसति? यं लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा उप्पज्जमाना उप्पज्जति, एत्थ निविसमाना निविसति।
Sā kho panesā, bhikkhave, taṇhā kattha uppajjamānā uppajjati, kattha nivisamānā nivisati? Yaṁ loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.
But where does that craving arise and where does it settle? Whatever in the world seems nice and pleasant, it is there that craving arises and settles.
किञ्च लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं? चक्खु लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा उप्पज्जमाना उप्पज्जति, एत्थ निविसमाना निविसति। सोतं लोके …पे… घानं लोके … जिव्हा लोके … कायो लोके … मनो लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा उप्पज्जमाना उप्पज्जति, एत्थ निविसमाना निविसति।
Kiñca loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ? Cakkhu loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Sotaṁ loke …pe… ghānaṁ loke … jivhā loke … kāyo loke … mano loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.
And what in the world seems nice and pleasant? The eye in the world seems nice and pleasant, and it is there that craving arises and settles. The ear … nose … tongue … body … mind in the world seems nice and pleasant, and it is there that craving arises and settles.
रूपा लोके … सद्दा लोके … गन्धा लोके … रसा लोके … फोट्ठब्बा लोके … धम्मा लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा उप्पज्जमाना उप्पज्जति, एत्थ निविसमाना निविसति।
Rūpā loke … saddā loke … gandhā loke … rasā loke … phoṭṭhabbā loke … dhammā loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.
Sights … sounds … smells … tastes … touches … thoughts in the world seem nice and pleasant, and it is there that craving arises and settles.
चक्खुविञ्ञाणं लोके … सोतविञ्ञाणं लोके … घानविञ्ञाणं लोके … जिव्हाविञ्ञाणं लोके … कायविञ्ञाणं लोके … मनोविञ्ञाणं लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा उप्पज्जमाना उप्पज्जति, एत्थ निविसमाना निविसति।
Cakkhuviññāṇaṁ loke … sotaviññāṇaṁ loke … ghānaviññāṇaṁ loke … jivhāviññāṇaṁ loke … kāyaviññāṇaṁ loke … manoviññāṇaṁ loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.
Eye consciousness … ear consciousness … nose consciousness … tongue consciousness … body consciousness … mind consciousness in the world seems nice and pleasant, and it is there that craving arises and settles.
चक्खुसम्फस्सो लोके … सोतसम्फस्सो लोके … घानसम्फस्सो लोके … जिव्हासम्फस्सो लोके … कायसम्फस्सो लोके … मनोसम्फस्सो लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा उप्पज्जमाना उप्पज्जति, एत्थ निविसमाना निविसति।
Cakkhusamphasso loke … sotasamphasso loke … ghānasamphasso loke … jivhāsamphasso loke … kāyasamphasso loke … manosamphasso loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.
Eye contact … ear contact … nose contact … tongue contact … body contact … mind contact in the world seems nice and pleasant, and it is there that craving arises and settles.
चक्खुसम्फस्सजा वेदना लोके … सोतसम्फस्सजा वेदना लोके … घानसम्फस्सजा वेदना लोके … जिव्हासम्फस्सजा वेदना लोके … कायसम्फस्सजा वेदना लोके … मनोसम्फस्सजा वेदना लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा उप्पज्जमाना उप्पज्जति, एत्थ निविसमाना निविसति।
Cakkhusamphassajā vedanā loke … sotasamphassajā vedanā loke … ghānasamphassajā vedanā loke … jivhāsamphassajā vedanā loke … kāyasamphassajā vedanā loke … manosamphassajā vedanā loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.
Feeling born of eye contact … feeling born of ear contact … feeling born of nose contact … feeling born of tongue contact … feeling born of body contact … feeling born of mind contact in the world seems nice and pleasant, and it is there that craving arises and settles.
रूपसञ्ञा लोके … सद्दसञ्ञा लोके … गन्धसञ्ञा लोके … रससञ्ञा लोके … फोट्ठब्बसञ्ञा लोके … धम्मसञ्ञा लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा उप्पज्जमाना उप्पज्जति, एत्थ निविसमाना निविसति।
Rūpasaññā loke … saddasaññā loke … gandhasaññā loke … rasasaññā loke … phoṭṭhabbasaññā loke … dhammasaññā loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.
Perception of sights … perception of sounds … perception of smells … perception of tastes … perception of touches … perception of thoughts in the world seems nice and pleasant, and it is there that craving arises and settles.
रूपसञ्चेतना लोके … सद्दसञ्चेतना लोके … गन्धसञ्चेतना लोके … रससञ्चेतना लोके … फोट्ठब्बसञ्चेतना लोके … धम्मसञ्चेतना लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा उप्पज्जमाना उप्पज्जति, एत्थ निविसमाना निविसति।
Rūpasañcetanā loke … saddasañcetanā loke … gandhasañcetanā loke … rasasañcetanā loke … phoṭṭhabbasañcetanā loke … dhammasañcetanā loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.
Intention regarding sights … intention regarding sounds … intention regarding smells … intention regarding tastes … intention regarding touches … intention regarding thoughts in the world seems nice and pleasant, and it is there that craving arises and settles.
रूपतण्हा लोके … सद्दतण्हा लोके … गन्धतण्हा लोके … रसतण्हा लोके … फोट्ठब्बतण्हा लोके … धम्मतण्हा लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा उप्पज्जमाना उप्पज्जति, एत्थ निविसमाना निविसति।
Rūpataṇhā loke … saddataṇhā loke … gandhataṇhā loke … rasataṇhā loke … phoṭṭhabbataṇhā loke … dhammataṇhā loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.
Craving for sights … craving for sounds … craving for smells … craving for tastes … craving for touches … craving for thoughts in the world seems nice and pleasant, and it is there that craving arises and settles.
रूपवितक्को लोके … सद्दवितक्को लोके … गन्धवितक्को लोके … रसवितक्को लोके … फोट्ठब्बवितक्को लोके … धम्मवितक्को लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा उप्पज्जमाना उप्पज्जति, एत्थ निविसमाना निविसति।
Rūpavitakko loke … saddavitakko loke … gandhavitakko loke … rasavitakko loke … phoṭṭhabbavitakko loke … dhammavitakko loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.
Thoughts about sights … thoughts about sounds … thoughts about smells … thoughts about tastes … thoughts about touches … thoughts about thoughts in the world seem nice and pleasant, and it is there that craving arises and settles.
रूपविचारो लोके … सद्दविचारो लोके … गन्धविचारो लोके … रसविचारो लोके … फोट्ठब्बविचारो लोके … धम्मविचारो लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा उप्पज्जमाना उप्पज्जति, एत्थ निविसमाना निविसति।
Rūpavicāro loke … saddavicāro loke … gandhavicāro loke … rasavicāro loke … phoṭṭhabbavicāro loke … dhammavicāro loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.
Considerations regarding sights … considerations regarding sounds … considerations regarding smells … considerations regarding tastes … considerations regarding touches … considerations regarding thoughts in the world seem nice and pleasant, and it is there that craving arises and settles.
इदं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, दुक्खसमुदयं अरियसच्चं।
Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhasamudayaṁ ariyasaccaṁ.
This is called the noble truth of the origin of suffering.
४।५।३। निरोधसच्चनिद्देस
4.5.3. Nirodhasaccaniddesa
4.5.3. The Cessation of Suffering
कतमञ्च, भिक्खवे, दुक्खनिरोधं अरियसच्चं?
Katamañca, bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhaṁ7 ariyasaccaṁ?
And what is the noble truth of the cessation of suffering?
यो तस्सायेव तण्हाय असेसविरागनिरोधो चागो पटिनिस्सग्गो मुत्ति अनालयो।
Yo tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodho cāgo paṭinissaggo mutti anālayo.
It’s the fading away and cessation of that very same craving with nothing left over; giving it away, letting it go, releasing it, and not clinging to it.
सा खो पनेसा, भिक्खवे, तण्हा कत्थ पहीयमाना पहीयति, कत्थ निरुज्झमाना निरुज्झति? यं लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा पहीयमाना पहीयति, एत्थ निरुज्झमाना निरुज्झति।
Sā kho panesā, bhikkhave, taṇhā kattha pahīyamānā pahīyati, kattha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati? Yaṁ loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.
Whatever in the world seems nice and pleasant, it is there that craving is given up and ceases.
किञ्च लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं? चक्खु लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा पहीयमाना पहीयति, एत्थ निरुज्झमाना निरुज्झति। सोतं लोके …पे… घानं लोके … जिव्हा लोके … कायो लोके … मनो लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा पहीयमाना पहीयति, एत्थ निरुज्झमाना निरुज्झति।
Kiñca loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ? Cakkhu loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Sotaṁ loke …pe… ghānaṁ loke … jivhā loke … kāyo loke … mano loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.
And what in the world seems nice and pleasant? The eye in the world seems nice and pleasant, and it is there that craving is given up and ceases. …
रूपा लोके … सद्दा लोके … गन्धा लोके … रसा लोके … फोट्ठब्बा लोके … धम्मा लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा पहीयमाना पहीयति, एत्थ निरुज्झमाना निरुज्झति।
Rūpā loke … saddā loke … gandhā loke … rasā loke … phoṭṭhabbā loke … dhammā loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.
चक्खुविञ्ञाणं लोके … सोतविञ्ञाणं लोके … घानविञ्ञाणं लोके … जिव्हाविञ्ञाणं लोके … कायविञ्ञाणं लोके … मनोविञ्ञाणं लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा पहीयमाना पहीयति, एत्थ निरुज्झमाना निरुज्झति।
Cakkhuviññāṇaṁ loke … sotaviññāṇaṁ loke … ghānaviññāṇaṁ loke … jivhāviññāṇaṁ loke … kāyaviññāṇaṁ loke … manoviññāṇaṁ loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.
चक्खुसम्फस्सो लोके … सोतसम्फस्सो लोके … घानसम्फस्सो लोके … जिव्हासम्फस्सो लोके … कायसम्फस्सो लोके … मनोसम्फस्सो लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा पहीयमाना पहीयति, एत्थ निरुज्झमाना निरुज्झति।
Cakkhusamphasso loke … sotasamphasso loke … ghānasamphasso loke … jivhāsamphasso loke … kāyasamphasso loke … manosamphasso loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.
चक्खुसम्फस्सजा वेदना लोके … सोतसम्फस्सजा वेदना लोके … घानसम्फस्सजा वेदना लोके … जिव्हासम्फस्सजा वेदना लोके … कायसम्फस्सजा वेदना लोके … मनोसम्फस्सजा वेदना लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा पहीयमाना पहीयति, एत्थ निरुज्झमाना निरुज्झति।
Cakkhusamphassajā vedanā loke … sotasamphassajā vedanā loke … ghānasamphassajā vedanā loke … jivhāsamphassajā vedanā loke … kāyasamphassajā vedanā loke … manosamphassajā vedanā loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.
रूपसञ्ञा लोके … सद्दसञ्ञा लोके … गन्धसञ्ञा लोके … रससञ्ञा लोके … फोट्ठब्बसञ्ञा लोके … धम्मसञ्ञा लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा पहीयमाना पहीयति, एत्थ निरुज्झमाना निरुज्झति।
Rūpasaññā loke … saddasaññā loke … gandhasaññā loke … rasasaññā loke … phoṭṭhabbasaññā loke … dhammasaññā loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.
रूपसञ्चेतना लोके … सद्दसञ्चेतना लोके … गन्धसञ्चेतना लोके … रससञ्चेतना लोके … फोट्ठब्बसञ्चेतना लोके … धम्मसञ्चेतना लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा पहीयमाना पहीयति, एत्थ निरुज्झमाना निरुज्झति।
Rūpasañcetanā loke … saddasañcetanā loke … gandhasañcetanā loke … rasasañcetanā loke … phoṭṭhabbasañcetanā loke … dhammasañcetanā loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.
रूपतण्हा लोके … सद्दतण्हा लोके … गन्धतण्हा लोके … रसतण्हा लोके … फोट्ठब्बतण्हा लोके … धम्मतण्हा लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा पहीयमाना पहीयति, एत्थ निरुज्झमाना निरुज्झति।
Rūpataṇhā loke … saddataṇhā loke … gandhataṇhā loke … rasataṇhā loke … phoṭṭhabbataṇhā loke … dhammataṇhā loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.
रूपवितक्को लोके … सद्दवितक्को लोके … गन्धवितक्को लोके … रसवितक्को लोके … फोट्ठब्बवितक्को लोके … धम्मवितक्को लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा पहीयमाना पहीयति, एत्थ निरुज्झमाना निरुज्झति।
Rūpavitakko loke … saddavitakko loke … gandhavitakko loke … rasavitakko loke … phoṭṭhabbavitakko loke … dhammavitakko loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.
रूपविचारो लोके … सद्दविचारो लोके … गन्धविचारो लोके … रसविचारो लोके … फोट्ठब्बविचारो लोके … धम्मविचारो लोके पियरूपं सातरूपं, एत्थेसा तण्हा पहीयमाना पहीयति, एत्थ निरुज्झमाना निरुज्झति।
Rūpavicāro loke … saddavicāro loke … gandhavicāro loke … rasavicāro loke … phoṭṭhabbavicāro loke … dhammavicāro loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.
Considerations regarding thoughts in the world seem nice and pleasant, and it is there that craving is given up and ceases.
इदं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, दुक्खनिरोधं अरियसच्चं।
Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhaṁ ariyasaccaṁ.
This is called the noble truth of the cessation of suffering.
४।५।४। मग्गसच्चनिद्देस
4.5.4. Maggasaccaniddesa
4.5.4. The Path
कतमञ्च, भिक्खवे, दुक्खनिरोधगामिनी पटिपदा अरियसच्चं?
Katamañca, bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṁ?
And what is the noble truth of the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering?
अयमेव अरियो अट्ठङ्गिको मग्गो सेय्यथिदं—सम्मादिट्ठि सम्मासङ्कप्पो सम्मावाचा सम्माकम्मन्तो सम्माआजीवो सम्मावायामो सम्मासति सम्मासमाधि।
Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo seyyathidaṁ—sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi.
It is simply this noble eightfold path, that is: right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right immersion.
कतमा च, भिक्खवे, सम्मादिट्ठि? यं खो, भिक्खवे, दुक्खे ञाणं, दुक्खसमुदये ञाणं, दुक्खनिरोधे ञाणं, दुक्खनिरोधगामिनिया पटिपदाय ञाणं। अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, सम्मादिट्ठि।
Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhi? Yaṁ kho, bhikkhave, dukkhe ñāṇaṁ, dukkhasamudaye ñāṇaṁ, dukkhanirodhe ñāṇaṁ, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṁ. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhi.
And what is right view? Knowing about suffering, the origin of suffering, the cessation of suffering, and the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering. This is called right view.
कतमो च, भिक्खवे, सम्मासङ्कप्पो? नेक्खम्मसङ्कप्पो अब्यापादसङ्कप्पो अविहिंसासङ्कप्पो। अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, सम्मासङ्कप्पो।
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammāsaṅkappo? Nekkhammasaṅkappo abyāpādasaṅkappo avihiṁsāsaṅkappo. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāsaṅkappo.
And what is right thought? Thoughts of renunciation, good will, and harmlessness. This is called right thought.
कतमा च, भिक्खवे, सम्मावाचा? मुसावादा वेरमणी पिसुणाय वाचाय वेरमणी फरुसाय वाचाय वेरमणी सम्फप्पलापा वेरमणी। अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, सम्मावाचा।
Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sammāvācā? Musāvādā veramaṇī8 pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī samphappalāpā veramaṇī. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāvācā.
And what is right speech? The refraining from lying, divisive speech, harsh speech, and talking nonsense. This is called right speech.
कतमो च, भिक्खवे, सम्माकम्मन्तो? पाणातिपाता वेरमणी अदिन्नादाना वेरमणी कामेसुमिच्छाचारा वेरमणी। अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, सम्माकम्मन्तो।
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammākammanto? Pāṇātipātā veramaṇī adinnādānā veramaṇī kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇī. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammākammanto.
And what is right action? Refraining from killing living creatures, stealing, and sexual misconduct. This is called right action.
कतमो च, भिक्खवे, सम्माआजीवो? इध, भिक्खवे, अरियसावको मिच्छाआजीवं पहाय सम्माआजीवेन जीवितं कप्पेति। अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, सम्माआजीवो।
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammāājīvo? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako micchāājīvaṁ pahāya sammāājīvena jīvitaṁ kappeti. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāājīvo.
And what is right livelihood? It’s when a noble disciple gives up wrong livelihood and earns a living by right livelihood. This is called right livelihood.
कतमो च, भिक्खवे, सम्मावायामो? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु अनुप्पन्नानं पापकानं अकुसलानं धम्मानं अनुप्पादाय छन्दं जनेति वायमति वीरियं आरभति चित्तं पग्गण्हाति पदहति; उप्पन्नानं पापकानं अकुसलानं धम्मानं पहानाय छन्दं जनेति वायमति वीरियं आरभति चित्तं पग्गण्हाति पदहति; अनुप्पन्नानं कुसलानं धम्मानं उप्पादाय छन्दं जनेति वायमति वीरियं आरभति चित्तं पग्गण्हाति पदहति; उप्पन्नानं कुसलानं धम्मानं ठितिया असम्मोसाय भिय्योभावाय वेपुल्लाय भावनाय पारिपूरिया छन्दं जनेति वायमति वीरियं आरभति चित्तं पग्गण्हाति पदहति। अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, सम्मावायामो।
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammāvāyāmo? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ anuppādāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati; uppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati; anuppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ uppādāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati; uppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāvāyāmo.
And what is right effort? It’s when a bhikkhu generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives so that bad, unskillful qualities don’t arise. They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen are given up. They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful qualities arise. They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful qualities that have arisen remain, are not lost, but increase, mature, and are completed by development. This is called right effort.
कतमा च, भिक्खवे, सम्मासति? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति आतापी सम्पजानो सतिमा विनेय्य लोके अभिज्झादोमनस्सं; वेदनासु वेदनानुपस्सी विहरति आतापी सम्पजानो सतिमा विनेय्य लोके अभिज्झादोमनस्सं; चित्ते चित्तानुपस्सी विहरति आतापी सम्पजानो सतिमा विनेय्य लोके अभिज्झादोमनस्सं; धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति आतापी सम्पजानो सतिमा विनेय्य लोके अभिज्झादोमनस्सं। अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, सम्मासति।
Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sammāsati? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ; vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ; citte cittānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ; dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāsati.
And what is right mindfulness? It’s when a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of the mind—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. This is called right mindfulness.
कतमो च, भिक्खवे, सम्मासमाधि? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु विविच्चेव कामेहि विविच्च अकुसलेहि धम्मेहि सवितक्कं सविचारं विवेकजं पीतिसुखं पठमं झानं उपसम्पज्ज विहरति। वितक्कविचारानं वूपसमा अज्झत्तं सम्पसादनं चेतसो एकोदिभावं अवितक्कं अविचारं समाधिजं पीतिसुखं दुतियं झानं उपसम्पज्ज विहरति। पीतिया च विरागा उपेक्खको च विहरति, सतो च सम्पजानो, सुखञ्च कायेन पटिसंवेदेति, यं तं अरिया आचिक्खन्ति ‘उपेक्खको सतिमा सुखविहारीऽति ततियं झानं उपसम्पज्ज विहरति। सुखस्स च पहाना दुक्खस्स च पहाना पुब्बेव सोमनस्सदोमनस्सानं अत्थङ्गमा अदुक्खमसुखं उपेक्खासतिपारिसुद्धिं चतुत्थं झानं उपसम्पज्ज विहरति। अयं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, सम्मासमाधि।
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammāsamādhi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṁ vūpasamā ajjhattaṁ sampasādanaṁ cetaso ekodibhāvaṁ avitakkaṁ avicāraṁ samādhijaṁ pītisukhaṁ dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. Pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati, sato ca sampajāno, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṁvedeti, yaṁ taṁ ariyā ācikkhanti ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. Sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṁ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṁ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṁ catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāsamādhi.
And what is right immersion? It’s when a bhikkhu, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first jhāna, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. As the placing of the mind and keeping it connected are stilled, they enter and remain in the second jhāna, which has the rapture and bliss born of immersion, with internal clarity and mind at one, without placing the mind and keeping it connected. And with the fading away of rapture, they enter and remain in the third jhāna, where they meditate with equanimity, mindful and aware, personally experiencing the bliss of which the noble ones declare, ‘Equanimous and mindful, one meditates in bliss.’ Giving up pleasure and pain, and ending former happiness and sadness, they enter and remain in the fourth jhāna, without pleasure or pain, with pure equanimity and mindfulness. This is called right immersion.
इदं वुच्चति, भिक्खवे, दुक्खनिरोधगामिनी पटिपदा अरियसच्चं।
Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṁ.
This is called the noble truth of the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering.
इति अज्झत्तं वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति, बहिद्धा वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति, अज्झत्तबहिद्धा वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति। समुदयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति, वयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति, समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति। ‘अत्थि धम्माऽति वा पनस्स सति पच्चुपट्ठिता होति यावदेव ञाणमत्ताय पटिस्सतिमत्ताय अनिस्सितो च विहरति, न च किञ्चि लोके उपादियति।
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati. Samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati. ‘Atthi dhammā’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
And so they meditate observing an aspect of principles internally, externally, and both internally and externally. They meditate observing the principles as liable to originate, as liable to vanish, and as liable to both originate and vanish. Or mindfulness is established that principles exist, to the extent necessary for knowledge and mindfulness. They meditate independent, not grasping at anything in the world.
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति चतूसु अरियसच्चेसु।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati catūsu ariyasaccesu.
That’s how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of principles with respect to the four noble truths.
सच्चपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Saccapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
धम्मानुपस्सना निट्ठिता।
Dhammānupassanā niṭṭhitā.
यो हि कोचि, भिक्खवे, इमे चत्तारो सतिपट्ठाने एवं भावेय्य सत्तवस्सानि, तस्स द्विन्नं फलानं अञ्ञतरं फलं पाटिकङ्खं दिट्ठेव धम्मे अञ्ञा; सति वा उपादिसेसे अनागामिता।
Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṁ bhāveyya sattavassāni, tassa dvinnaṁ phalānaṁ aññataraṁ phalaṁ pāṭikaṅkhaṁ diṭṭheva dhamme aññā; sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā.
Anyone who develops these four kinds of mindfulness meditation in this way for seven years can expect one of two results: enlightenment in the present life, or if there’s something left over, non-return.
तिट्ठन्तु, भिक्खवे, सत्तवस्सानि। यो हि कोचि, भिक्खवे, इमे चत्तारो सतिपट्ठाने एवं भावेय्य छ वस्सानि …पे… पञ्च वस्सानि … चत्तारि वस्सानि … तीणि वस्सानि … द्वे वस्सानि … एकं वस्सं … तिट्ठतु, भिक्खवे, एकं वस्सं। यो हि कोचि, भिक्खवे, इमे चत्तारो सतिपट्ठाने एवं भावेय्य सत्तमासानि, तस्स द्विन्नं फलानं अञ्ञतरं फलं पाटिकङ्खं दिट्ठेव धम्मे अञ्ञा; सति वा उपादिसेसे अनागामिता। तिट्ठन्तु, भिक्खवे, सत्त मासानि। यो हि कोचि, भिक्खवे, इमे चत्तारो सतिपट्ठाने एवं भावेय्य छ मासानि …पे… पञ्च मासानि … चत्तारि मासानि … तीणि मासानि … द्वे मासानि … एकं मासं … अड्ढमासं … तिट्ठतु, भिक्खवे, अड्ढमासो। यो हि कोचि, भिक्खवे, इमे चत्तारो सतिपट्ठाने एवं भावेय्य सत्ताहं, तस्स द्विन्नं फलानं अञ्ञतरं फलं पाटिकङ्खं दिट्ठेव धम्मे अञ्ञा; सति वा उपादिसेसे अनागामिताति।
Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, sattavassāni. Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṁ bhāveyya cha vassāni …pe… pañca vassāni … cattāri vassāni … tīṇi vassāni … dve vassāni … ekaṁ vassaṁ … tiṭṭhatu, bhikkhave, ekaṁ vassaṁ. Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṁ bhāveyya sattamāsāni, tassa dvinnaṁ phalānaṁ aññataraṁ phalaṁ pāṭikaṅkhaṁ diṭṭheva dhamme aññā; sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā. Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, satta māsāni. Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṁ bhāveyya cha māsāni …pe… pañca māsāni … cattāri māsāni … tīṇi māsāni … dve māsāni … ekaṁ māsaṁ … aḍḍhamāsaṁ … tiṭṭhatu, bhikkhave, aḍḍhamāso. Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṁ bhāveyya sattāhaṁ, tassa dvinnaṁ phalānaṁ aññataraṁ phalaṁ pāṭikaṅkhaṁ diṭṭheva dhamme aññā; sati vā upādisese anāgāmitāti.
Let alone seven years, anyone who develops these four kinds of mindfulness meditation in this way for six years … five years … four years … three years … two years … one year … seven months … six months … five months … four months … three months … two months … one month … a fortnight … Let alone a fortnight, anyone who develops these four kinds of mindfulness meditation in this way for seven days can expect one of two results: enlightenment in the present life, or if there’s something left over, non-return.
एकायनो अयं, भिक्खवे, मग्गो सत्तानं विसुद्धिया सोकपरिदेवानं समतिक्कमाय दुक्खदोमनस्सानं अत्थङ्गमाय ञायस्स अधिगमाय निब्बानस्स सच्छिकिरियाय यदिदं चत्तारो सतिपट्ठानाति। इति यं तं वुत्तं, इदमेतं पटिच्च वुत्तन्”ति।
Ekāyano ayaṁ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṁ visuddhiyā sokaparidevānaṁ samatikkamāya dukkhadomanassānaṁ atthaṅgamāya ñāyassa adhigamāya nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya yadidaṁ cattāro satipaṭṭhānāti. Iti yaṁ taṁ vuttaṁ, idametaṁ paṭicca vuttan”ti.
‘The four kinds of mindfulness meditation are the path to convergence. They are in order to purify sentient beings, to get past sorrow and crying, to make an end of pain and sadness, to discover the system, and to realize Nibbana.’ That’s what I said, and this is why I said it.”
इदमवोच भगवा। अत्तमना ते भिक्खू भगवतो भासितं अभिनन्दुन्ति।
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti.
That is what the Buddha said. Satisfied, the bhikkhus approved what the Buddha said.
महासतिपट्ठानसुत्तं निट्ठितं नवमं।
Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ navamaṁ.
The authoritative text of the Dīgha Nikāya is the Pāli text. The English translation is provided as an aid to the study of the original Pāli text. [CREDITS »]
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