8. Mahātaṇhāsaṅkhayasuttavaṇṇanā

396.Evaṃme sutanti mahātaṇhāsaṅkhayasuttaṃ. Tattha diṭṭhigatanti alagaddūpamasutte laddhimattaṃ diṭṭhigatanti vuttaṃ, idha sassatadiṭṭhi. So ca bhikkhu bahussuto, ayaṃ appassuto, jātakabhāṇako bhagavantaṃ jātakaṃ kathetvā, ‘‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, tena samayena vessantaro ahosiṃ, mahosadho, vidhurapaṇḍito, senakapaṇḍito, mahājanako rājā ahosi’’nti samodhānentaṃ suṇāti. Athassa etadahosi – ‘‘ime rūpavedanāsaññāsaṅkhārā tattha tattheva nirujjhanti, viññāṇaṃ pana idhalokato paralokaṃ, paralokato imaṃ lokaṃ sandhāvati saṃsaratī’’ti sassatadassanaṃ uppannaṃ. Tenāha – ‘‘tadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāvati saṃsarati anañña’’nti.

Sammāsambuddhena pana, ‘‘viññāṇaṃ paccayasambhavaṃ, sati paccaye uppajjati, vinā paccayaṃ natthi viññāṇassa sambhavo’’ti vuttaṃ. Tasmā ayaṃ bhikkhu buddhena akathitaṃ katheti, jinacakke pahāraṃ deti, vesārajjañāṇaṃ paṭibāhati, sotukāmaṃ janaṃ visaṃvādeti, ariyapathe tiriyaṃ nipatitvā mahājanassa ahitāya dukkhāya paṭipanno. Yathā nāma rañño rajje mahācoro uppajjamāno mahājanassa ahitāya dukkhāya uppajjati, evaṃ jinasāsane coro hutvā mahājanassa ahitāya dukkhāya uppannoti veditabbo. Sambahulā bhikkhūti janapadavāsino piṇḍapātikabhikkhū. Tenupasaṅkamiṃsūti ayaṃ parisaṃ labhitvā sāsanampi antaradhāpeyya, yāva pakkhaṃ na labhati, tāvadeva naṃ diṭṭhigatā vivecemāti sutasutaṭṭhānatoyeva aṭṭhatvā anisīditvā upasaṅkamiṃsu.

398.Katamaṃ taṃ sāti viññāṇanti sāti yaṃ tvaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāya vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ viññāṇanti? Yvāyaṃ, bhante, vado vedeyyo tatra tatra kalyāṇapāpakānaṃ kammānaṃ vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedetīti, bhante, yo ayaṃ vadati vedayati, yo cāyaṃ tahiṃ tahiṃ kusalākusalakammānaṃ vipākaṃ paccanubhoti. Idaṃ, bhante, viññāṇaṃ, yamahaṃ sandhāya vademīti . Kassa nu kho nāmāti kassa khattiyassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā vessasuddagahaṭṭhapabbajitadevamanussānaṃ vā aññatarassa.

399.Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesīti kasmā āmantesi? Sātissa kira evaṃ ahosi – ‘‘satthā maṃ ‘moghapuriso’ti vadati, na ca moghapurisoti vuttamatteneva maggaphalānaṃ upanissayo na hoti. Upasenampi hi vaṅgantaputtaṃ, ‘atilahuṃ kho tvaṃ moghapurisa bāhullāya āvatto’ti (mahāva. 75) bhagavā moghapurisavādena ovadi. Thero aparabhāge ghaṭento vāyamanto cha abhiññā sacchākāsi. Ahampi tathārūpaṃ vīriyaṃ paggaṇhitvā maggaphalāni nibbattessāmī’’ti. Athassa bhagavā chinnapaccayo ayaṃ sāsane aviruḷhadhammoti dassento bhikkhū āmantesi. Usmīkatotiādi heṭṭhā vuttādhippāyameva. Atha kho bhagavāti ayampi pāṭiyekko anusandhi. Sātissa kira etadahosi – ‘‘bhagavā mayhaṃ maggaphalānaṃ upanissayo natthīti vadati, kiṃ sakkā upanissaye asati kātuṃ? Na hi tathāgatā saupanissayasseva dhammaṃ desenti, yassa kassaci desentiyeva. Ahaṃ buddhassa santikā sugatovādaṃ labhitvā saggasampattūpagaṃ kusalaṃ karissāmī’’ti. Athassa bhagavā, ‘‘nāhaṃ, moghapurisa, tuyhaṃ ovādaṃ vā anusāsaniṃ vā demī’’ti sugatovādaṃ paṭippassambhento imaṃ desanaṃ ārabhi. Tassattho heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Idāni parisāya laddhiṃ sodhento, ‘‘idhāhaṃ bhikkhū paṭipucchissāmī’’tiādimāha. Taṃ sabbampi heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ.

400. Idāni viññāṇassa sappaccayabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ yaṃ yadeva, bhikkhavetiādimāha. Tattha manañca paṭicca dhamme cāti sahāvajjanena bhavaṅgamanañca tebhūmakadhamme ca paṭicca. Kaṭṭhañca paṭiccātiādi opammanidassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Tena kiṃ dīpeti? Dvārasaṅkantiyā abhāvaṃ. Yathā hi kaṭṭhaṃ paṭicca jalamāno aggi upādānapaccaye satiyeva jalati, tasmiṃ asati paccayavekallena tattheva vūpasammati, na sakalikādīni saṅkamitvā sakalikaggītiādisaṅkhyaṃ gacchati, evameva cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppannaṃ viññāṇaṃ tasmiṃ dvāre cakkhurūpaālokamanasikārasaṅkhāte paccayamhi satiyeva uppajjati, tasmiṃ asati paccayavekallena tattheva nirujjhati, na sotādīni saṅkamitvā sotaviññāṇantiādisaṅkhyaṃ gacchati . Esa nayo sabbavāresu. Iti bhagavā nāhaṃ viññāṇappavatte dvārasaṅkantimattampi vadāmi, ayaṃ pana sāti moghapuriso bhavasaṅkantiṃ vadatīti sātiṃ niggahesi.

401. Evaṃ viññāṇassa sappaccayabhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni pana pañcannampi khandhānaṃ sappaccayabhāvaṃ dassento, bhūtamidantiādimāha. Tattha bhūtamidanti idaṃ khandhapañcakaṃ jātaṃ bhūtaṃ nibbattaṃ, tumhepi taṃ bhūtamidanti, bhikkhave, passathāti. Tadāhārasambhavanti taṃ panetaṃ khandhapañcakaṃ āhārasambhavaṃ paccayasambhavaṃ, sati paccaye uppajjati evaṃ passathāti pucchati. Tadāhāranirodhāti tassa paccayassa nirodhā. Bhūtamidaṃ nossūti bhūtaṃ nu kho idaṃ, na nu kho bhūtanti. Tadāhārasambhavaṃ nossūti taṃ bhūtaṃ khandhapañcakaṃ paccayasambhavaṃ nu kho, na nu khoti. Tadāhāranirodhāti tassa paccayassa nirodhā. Nirodhadhammaṃ nossūti taṃ dhammaṃ nirodhadhammaṃ nu kho, na nu khoti. Sammappaññāya passatoti idaṃ khandhapañcakaṃ jātaṃ bhūtaṃ nibbattanti yāthāvasarasalakkhaṇato vipassanāpaññāya sammā passantassa. Paññāya sudiṭṭhanti vuttanayeneva vipassanāpaññāya suṭṭhu diṭṭhaṃ. Evaṃ ye ye taṃ pucchaṃ sallakkhesuṃ, tesaṃ tesaṃ paṭiññaṃ gaṇhanto pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ sappaccayabhāvaṃ dasseti.

Idāni yāya paññāya tehi taṃ sappaccayaṃ sanirodhaṃ khandhapañcakaṃ sudiṭṭhaṃ, tattha nittaṇhabhāvaṃ pucchanto imaṃ ce tumhetiādimāha. Tattha diṭṭhinti vipassanāsammādiṭṭhiṃ . Sabhāvadassanena parisuddhaṃ. Paccayadassanena pariyodātaṃ. Allīyethāti taṇhādiṭṭhīhi allīyitvā vihareyyātha. Kelāyethāti taṇhādiṭṭhīhi kīḷamānā vihareyyātha . Dhanāyethāti dhanaṃ viya icchantā gedhaṃ āpajjeyyātha. Mamāyethāti taṇhādiṭṭhīhi mamattaṃ uppādeyyātha. Nittharaṇatthāya no gahaṇatthāyāti yo so mayā caturoghanittharaṇatthāya kullūpamo dhammo desito, no nikantivasena gahaṇatthāya. Api nu taṃ tumhe ājāneyyāthāti. Vipariyāyena sukkapakkho veditabbo.

402. Idāni tesaṃ khandhānaṃ paccayaṃ dassento, cattārome, bhikkhave, āhārātiādimāha, tampi vuttatthameva. Yathā pana eko imaṃ jānāsīti vutto, ‘‘na kevalaṃ imaṃ, mātarampissa jānāmi, mātu mātarampī’’ti evaṃ paveṇivasena jānanto suṭṭhu jānāti nāma. Evamevaṃ bhagavā na kevalaṃ khandhamattameva jānāti, khandhānaṃ paccayampi tesampi paccayānaṃ paccayanti evaṃ sabbapaccayaparamparaṃ jānāti. So taṃ, buddhabalaṃ dīpento idāni paccayaparamparaṃ dassetuṃ, ime ca, bhikkhave, cattāro āhārātiādimāha. Taṃ vuttatthameva. Iti kho, bhikkhave, avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā…pe… dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hotīti ettha pana paṭiccasamuppādakathā vitthāretabbā bhaveyya, sā visuddhimagge vitthāritāva.

404.Imasmiṃ sati idaṃ hotīti imasmiṃ avijjādike paccaye sati idaṃ saṅkhārādikaṃ phalaṃ hoti. Imassuppādā idaṃ uppajjatīti imassa avijjādikassa paccayassa uppādā idaṃ saṅkhārādikaṃ phalaṃ uppajjati, tenevāha – ‘‘yadidaṃ avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā…pe… samudayo hotī’’ti. Evaṃ vaṭṭaṃ dassetvā idāni vivaṭṭaṃ dassento, avijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodhātiādimāha. Tattha avijjāya tvevāti avijjāya eva tu. Asesavirāganirodhāti virāgasaṅkhātena maggena asesanirodhā anuppādanirodhā. Saṅkhāranirodhoti saṅkhārānaṃ anuppādanirodho hoti, evaṃ niruddhānaṃ pana saṅkhārānaṃ nirodhā viññāṇanirodho hoti, viññāṇādīnañca nirodhā nāmarūpādīni niruddhāniyeva hontīti dassetuṃ saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodhotiādiṃ vatvā evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodhohotīti vuttaṃ. Tattha kevalassāti sakalassa, suddhassa vā, sattavirahitassāti attho. Dukkhakkhandhassāti dukkharāsissa. Nirodho hotīti anuppādo hoti.

406.Imasmiṃ asatītiādi vuttapaṭipakkhanayena veditabbaṃ.

407. Evaṃ vaṭṭavivaṭṭaṃ kathetvā idāni imaṃ dvādasaṅgapaccayavaṭṭaṃ saha vipassanāya maggena jānantassa yā paṭidhāvanā pahīyati, tassā abhāvaṃ pucchanto api nu tumhe, bhikkhavetiādimāha. Tattha evaṃ jānantāti evaṃ sahavipassanāya maggena jānantā. Evaṃ passantāti tasseva vevacanaṃ. Pubbantanti purimakoṭṭhāsaṃ, atītakhandhadhātuāyatanānīti attho. Paṭidhāveyyāthāti taṇhādiṭṭhivasena paṭidhāveyyātha. Sesaṃ sabbāsavasutte vitthāritameva.

Idāni nesaṃ tattha niccalabhāvaṃ pucchanto, api nu tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ jānantā evaṃ passantā evaṃ vadeyyātha, satthā no garūtiādimāha. Tattha garūti bhāriko akāmā anuvattitabbo . Samaṇoti buddhasamaṇo. Aññaṃ satthāraṃ uddiseyyāthāti ayaṃ satthā amhākaṃ kiccaṃ sādhetuṃ na sakkotīti api nu evaṃsaññino hutvā aññaṃ bāhirakaṃ satthāraṃ uddiseyyātha. Puthusamaṇabrāhmaṇānanti evaṃsaññino hutvā puthūnaṃ titthiyasamaṇānaṃ ceva brāhmaṇānañca. Vatakotūhalamaṅgalānīti vatasamādānāni ca diṭṭhikutūhalāni ca diṭṭhasutamutamaṅgalāni ca. Tāni sārato paccāgaccheyyāthāti etāni sāranti evaṃsaññino hutvā paṭiāgaccheyyātha. Evaṃ nissaṭṭhāni ca puna gaṇheyyāthāti attho. Sāmaṃ ñātanti sayaṃ ñāṇena ñātaṃ. Sāmaṃ diṭṭhanti sayaṃ paññācakkhunā diṭṭhaṃ. Sāmaṃ viditanti sayaṃ vibhāvitaṃ pākaṭaṃ kataṃ. Upanītā kho me tumheti mayā, bhikkhave, tumhe iminā sandiṭṭhikādisabhāvena dhammena nibbānaṃ upanītā, pāpitāti attho. Sandiṭṭhikotiādīnamattho visuddhimagge vitthārito. Idametaṃ paṭicca vuttanti etaṃ vacanamidaṃ tumhehi sāmaṃ ñātādibhāvaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.

408.Tiṇṇaṃ kho pana, bhikkhaveti kasmā ārabhi? Nanu heṭṭhā vaṭṭavivaṭṭavasena desanā matthakaṃ pāpitāti? Āma pāpitā. Ayaṃ pana pāṭiekko anusandhi , ‘‘ayañhi lokasannivāso paṭisandhisammūḷho, tassa sammohaṭṭhānaṃ viddhaṃsetvā pākaṭaṃ karissāmī’’ti imaṃ desanaṃ ārabhi. Apica vaṭṭamūlaṃ avijjā, vivaṭṭamūlaṃ buddhuppādo, iti vaṭṭamūlaṃ avijjaṃ vivaṭṭamūlañca buddhuppādaṃ dassetvāpi, ‘‘puna ekavāraṃ vaṭṭavivaṭṭavasena desanaṃ matthakaṃ pāpessāmī’’ti imaṃ desanaṃ ārabhi. Tattha sannipātāti samodhānena piṇḍabhāvena. Gabbhassāti gabbhe nibbattanakasattassa. Avakkanti hotīti nibbatti hoti. Katthaci hi gabbhoti mātukucchi vutto. Yathāha –

‘‘Yamekarattiṃ paṭhamaṃ, gabbhe vasati māṇavo;

Abbhuṭṭhitova so yāti, sa gacchaṃ na nivattatī’’ti. (jā. 1.15.363);

Katthaci gabbhe nibbattanasatto. Yathāha – ‘‘yathā kho, panānanda, aññā itthikā nava vā dasa vā māse gabbhaṃ kucchinā pariharitvā vijāyantī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.205). Idha satto adhippeto, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘gabbhassa avakkanti hotī’’ti.

Idhāti imasmiṃ sattaloke. Mātā ca utunī hotīti idaṃ utusamayaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Mātugāmassa kira yasmiṃ okāse dārako nibbattati, tattha mahatī lohitapīḷakā saṇṭhahitvā bhijjitvā paggharati, vatthu suddhaṃ hoti, suddhe vatthumhi mātāpitūsu ekavāraṃ sannipatitesu yāva satta divasāni khettameva hoti. Tasmiṃ samaye hatthaggāhaveṇiggāhādinā aṅgaparāmasanenapi dārako nibbattatiyeva. Gandhabboti tatrūpagasatto. Paccupaṭṭhito hotīti na mātāpitūnaṃ sannipātaṃ olokayamāno samīpe ṭhito paccupaṭṭhito nāma hoti. Kammayantayantito pana eko satto tasmiṃ okāse nibbattanako hotīti ayamettha adhippāyo. Saṃsayenāti ‘‘arogo nu kho bhavissāmi ahaṃ vā, putto vā me’’ti evaṃ mahantena jīvitasaṃsayena. Lohitañhetaṃ, bhikkhaveti tadā kira mātulohitaṃ taṃ ṭhānaṃ sampattaṃ puttasinehena paṇḍaraṃ hoti. Tasmā evamāha. Vaṅkakanti gāmadārakānaṃ kīḷanakaṃ khuddakanaṅgalaṃ. Ghaṭikā vuccati dīghadaṇḍena rassadaṇḍakaṃ paharaṇakīḷā. Mokkhacikanti samparivattakakīḷā, ākāse vā daṇḍakaṃ gahetvā bhūmiyaṃ vā sīsaṃ ṭhapetvā heṭṭhupariyabhāvena parivattanakīḷananti vuttaṃ hoti. Ciṅgulakaṃ vuccati tālapaṇṇādīhi kataṃ vātappahārena paribbhamanacakkaṃ . Pattāḷhakaṃ vuccati paṇṇanāḷikā, tāya vālikādīni minantā kīḷanti. Rathakanti khuddakarathaṃ. Dhanukampi khuddakadhanumeva.

409.Sārajjatīti rāgaṃ uppādeti. Byāpajjatīti byāpādaṃ uppādeti. Anupaṭṭhitakāyasatīti kāye sati kāyasati, taṃ anupaṭṭhapetvāti attho. Parittacetasoti akusalacitto. Yatthassa te pāpakāti yassaṃ phalasamāpattiyaṃ ete nirujjhanti, taṃ na jānāti nādhigacchatīti attho. Anurodhavirodhanti rāgañceva dosañca. Abhinandatīti taṇhāvasena abhinandati, taṇhāvaseneva aho sukhantiādīni vadanto abhivadati. Ajjhosāya tiṭṭhatīti taṇhāajjhosānagahaṇena gilitvā pariniṭṭhapetvā gaṇhāti. Sukhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā abhinandatu, dukkhaṃ kathaṃ abhinandatīti? ‘‘Ahaṃ dukkhito mama dukkha’’nti gaṇhanto abhinandati nāma. Uppajjati nandīti taṇhā uppajjati. Tadupādānanti sāva taṇhā gahaṇaṭṭhena upādānaṃ nāma. Tassa upādānapaccayā bhavo…pe… samudayo hotīti, idañhi bhagavatā puna ekavāraṃ dvisandhi tisaṅkhepaṃ paccayākāravaṭṭaṃ dassitaṃ.

410-4. Idāni vivaṭṭaṃ dassetuṃ idha, bhikkhave, tathāgato loke uppajjatītiādimāha. Tattha appamāṇacetasoti appamāṇaṃ lokuttaraṃ ceto assāti appamāṇacetaso, maggacittasamaṅgīti attho. Imaṃ kho me tumhe, bhikkhave, saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttiṃ dhārethāti, bhikkhave, imaṃ saṃkhittena desitaṃ mayhaṃ, taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttidesanaṃ tumhe niccakālaṃ dhāreyyātha mā pamajjeyyātha. Desanā hi ettha vimuttipaṭilābhahetuto vimuttīti vuttā. Mahātaṇhājālataṇhāsaṅghāṭapaṭimukkanti taṇhāva saṃsibbitaṭṭhena mahātaṇhājālaṃ, saṅghaṭitaṭṭhena saṅghāṭanti vuccati; iti imasmiṃ mahātaṇhājāle taṇhāsaṅghāṭe ca imaṃ sātiṃ bhikkhuṃ kevaṭṭaputtaṃ paṭimukkaṃ dhāretha. Anupaviṭṭho antogadhoti naṃ dhārethāti attho. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānatthamevāti.

Papañcasūdaniyā majjhimanikāyaṭṭhakathāya

Mahātaṇhāsaṅkhayasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.