8. Mahātaṇhāsaṅkhayasuttavaṇṇanā

396.Laddhimattanti micchāgāhamattaṃ, na diṭṭhābhiniveso. Sassatadiṭṭhīti niccābhiniveso. Soti ariṭṭho bhikkhu. Kathetvā samodhānentanti yojanā. Samodhānentanti ca nigamentanti attho. Tattha tatthevāti tesu tesu eva bhavesu nirujjhanti, na bhavantaraṃ saṅkamanti. Viññāṇaṃ pana abhinnasabhāvaṃ anaññanti adhippāyo. Idhalokatoti imasmā attabhāvā. Paralokanti parabhavasaññitaṃ attabhāvaṃ. Sandhāvatīti niccatāya kenaci asambaddhaṃ viya gacchati. Tena idhalokato paralokagamanamāha. Saṃsaratīti iminā paralokato idhāgamanaṃ. Sandhāvatīti vā bhavantarasaṅkamanamāha. Saṃsaratīti tattha tattha aparāparasañcaraṇaṃ.

‘‘Paccaye sati bhavatī’’tiādinā viññāṇassa anvayato byatirekato ca paṭiccasamuppannabhāvaṃ dassento sassatabhāvaṃ paṭikkhipati. Buddhena akathitaṃ kathesīti iminā ‘‘yaṃ abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena, taṃ bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpetī’’ti (cūḷava. 352, 353) imasmiṃ bhedakaravatthusmiṃ sandissatīti dasseti. Jinacakke pahāraṃ detīti ‘‘tadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ…pe… anañña’’nti niccataṃ paṭijānanto – ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā (dha. pa. 277), rūpaṃ, bhikkhave, anicca’’nti (saṃ. ni. 3.93-94) ca ādinayappavatte satthu dhammacakke khīlaṃ uppādento pahāraṃ deti. Sabbaññutaññāṇena aniccanti diṭṭhaṃ paveditañca viññāṇaṃ niccanti paṭijānanto vesārajjañāṇaṃ paṭibāhati. Sotukāmaṃ jananti ariyadhammādhigamassa ekantaupāyabhūtaṃ vipassanāmaggaṃ sotukāmaṃ janaṃ niccaggāhapaggaṇhanena visaṃvādeti. Tato eva ariyapathe ariyadhammavīthiyaṃ tassā paṭikkhipanena tiriyaṃ nipatitvā.

398. Viññāṇasīsena attanā gahitaṃ attānaṃ vibhāvento ‘‘yvāyaṃ, bhante’’tiādimāha. Tattha vado vedeyyotiādayo sassatadiṭṭhiyā eva abhinivesākārā. Vadatīti vado, vacīkammassa kārakoti attho. Iminā hi kārakabhāvupāyikasattānaṃ hitasukhāvabodhanasamatthataṃ attano dasseti. Vediyova vedeyyo, jānāti anubhavati cāti attho. Īdisānañhi padānaṃ bahulā kattusādhanataṃ saddavidū maññanti. Vedayatīti taṃ taṃ anubhavitabbaṃ anubhavati. Tahiṃ tahinti tesu tesu bhavayonigatiṭhitisattāvāsasattanikāyesu.

399. Taṃ vādaṃ paggayha ṭhitattā sātissa chinnapaccayatā aviruḷhadhammatā ca veditabbā. Heṭṭhāti alagaddasuttasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.236-237) sandhāyāha. Parato heṭṭhāti vuttaṭṭhānepi eseva nayo. Pāṭiyekko anusandhīti tīhipi anusandhīhi avomisso visuṃyeveko anusandhi. Nanu cāyampi sātissa ajjhāsayavasena pavattitattā ajjhāsayānusandhiyevāti? Na, niyyānamukhena appavattattā. Niyyānañhi purakkhatvā pucchādivasena pavattā itarā desanāpucchānusandhiādayo. Idha tadabhāvato vuttaṃ ‘‘pāṭiyekko anusandhī’’ti. Parisāya laddhiṃ sodhentoti yādisī sātissa laddhi, tadabhāvadassanavasena parisāya laddhiṃ sodhento, parisāya laddhisodhaneneva sāti gaṇato nissārito nāma jāto.

400.Yaṃ yadevāti idaṃ yadipi avisesato paccayadhammaggahaṇaṃ, ‘‘viññāṇantveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchatī’’ti pana vuttattā taṃtaṃviññāṇassa samaññānimittapaccayajātaṃ gahitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ pāḷiyaṃ – ‘‘cakkhuviññāṇantveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchatī’’tiādi. Atha vā taṃtaṃdvāraniyataṃ itarampi sabbaṃ tassa tassa viññāṇassa paccayajātaṃ idha ‘‘yaṃ yadevā’’ti gahitaṃ, tattha pana yaṃ asādhāraṇaṃ, tena samaññāti ‘‘cakkhuviññāṇantvevā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Dvārasaṅkantiyā abhāvanti viññāṇassa dvārantarasaṅkamanassa abhāvaṃ. Svāyaṃ oḷārikanayena mandabuddhīnaṃ sukhāvabodhanatthaṃ nayadassanavasena vutto. Na hi kadāci paccuppannaṃ viññāṇaṃ vigacchantaṃ anantaraviññāṇaṃ saṅkamati anantarādipaccayālābhe tassa anuppajjanato.

Evamevāti yathā aggi upādānaṃ paṭicca jalanto anupādāno tattheva nibbāyati, na katthaci saṅkamati, evameva. ‘‘Paccayavekallena tattheva nirujjhatī’’ti kasmā vuttaṃ, na hettha anuppādanirodho icchito tādisassa nirodhassa idha anadhippetattā, atha kho khaṇanirodho, so ca sābhāvikattā na paccayavekallahetuko? Saccametaṃ, taṃtaṃdvārikassa pana viññāṇassa dvārantaraṃ asaṅkamitvā tattha tattheva nirujjhanaṃ idhādhippetaṃ. Yesañca paccayānaṃ vasena dvārantarikaviññāṇena bhavitabbaṃ, tesaṃ tadabhāvato paccayavekallaggahaṇaṃ, tasmā paccayavekallena na sotādīni saṅkamitvā sotaviññāṇantiādi saṅkhyaṃ gacchatīti yojanā. Etena yaṃ viññāṇaṃ cakkhurūpādipaccayasāmaggiyā vasena cakkhuviññāṇasaṅkhyaṃ gacchati, tattha tattheva nirujjhati tāvakālikabhāvato, tassa pana sotasaddādipaccayābhāvato kuto sotaviññāṇādisamaññā, evamappavattito tassa kuto saṅkamoti dassitaṃ hoti. Viññāṇappavatteti viññāṇappavattiyaṃ. Dvārasaṅkantimattanti dvārantarasaṅkamanamattampi na vadāmi tattha tattheva bhijjanato paccayassa uppādavantato sati ca uppāde avassaṃbhāvī nirodhoti hutvā abhāvaṭṭhena aniccatā dīpitā hotīti.

401. ‘‘Paṭiccasamuppannaṃ viññāṇaṃ vuttaṃ mayā, aññatra paccayā natthi viññāṇassa sambhavo’’ti pāḷiyā anvayato ca byatirekato ca viññāṇassa saṅkhatatāva dassitāti āha ‘‘sappaccayabhāvaṃ dassetvā’’ti. Hetupaccayehi jātaṃ nibbattaṃ ‘‘bhūta’’nti idhādhippetaṃ, taṃ atthato pañcakkhandhā tabbinimuttassa sappaccayassa abhāvato, yañca khandhapañcakaṃ attano tesañca bhikkhūnaṃ, taṃ ‘‘bhūtamida’’nti bhagavā avocāti āha ‘‘idaṃ khandhapañcaka’’nti. Attano phalaṃ āharatīti āhāro, paccayo. Sambhavati etasmāti sambhavo, āhāro sambhavo etassāti āhārasambhavaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘paccayasambhava’’nti. Tassa paccayassa nirodhāti yena avijjādinā paccayena khandhapañcakaṃ sambhavati, tassa paccayassa anuppādanirodhā. Khaṇanirodho pana kāraṇanirapekkho.

Nossūti saṃsayajotano nipātoti āha ‘‘bhūtaṃ nu kho idaṃ, na nu kho bhūta’’nti. Bhūtamidaṃ nossūti ca iminā khandhapañcakameva nu kho idaṃ, udāhu attattaniyanti evaṃjātiko saṃsayanākāro gahito. Tadāhārasambhavaṃ nossūti pana iminā sahetukaṃ nu kho idaṃ bhūtaṃ, udāhu ahetukanti yathā ahetukabhāvāpanno saṃsayanākāro gahito, evaṃ visamahetukabhāvāpannopi saṃsayanākāro gahitoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Visamahetunopi paramatthato bhūtassa ahetukabhāvato. Visamahetuvādopi parehi parikappitamattatāya sabhāvaniyatiyadicchādivādehi samānayogakkhamoti. Nirodhadhammaṃ nossūti iminā yathā aniccaṃ nu kho idaṃ bhūtaṃ, udāhu niccanti aniccataṃ paṭicca saṃsayanākāro gahito, evaṃ dukkhaṃ nu kho, udāhu na dukkhaṃ, anattā nu kho, udāhu na anattātipi saṃsayanākāro gahitoyevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ aniccassa dukkhabhāvādiavassaṃbhāvato, nicce ca tadubhayābhāvato. Yāthāvasarasalakkhaṇatoti aviparītasarasato salakkhaṇato ca, kiccato ceva sabhāvato cāti attho. Vipassanāya adhiṭṭhānabhūtāpi paññā vipassanā evāti vuttaṃ ‘‘vipassanāpaññāyā’’ti. Sarasatoti ca sabhāvato. Salakkhaṇatoti sāmaññalakkhaṇato. Tenāha ‘‘vipassanāpaññāya sammā passantassā’’ti. Vuttanayenevāti ‘‘yāthāvasarasalakkhaṇato’’ti vuttanayeneva. Ye yeti tassaṃ parisāyaṃ ye ye bhikkhū. Sallakkhesunti sammadeva upadhāresuṃ.

Tehīti tehi bhikkhūhi. Tatthāti tissaṃ vipassanāpaññāyaṃ. Nittaṇhabhāvanti taṇhābhāvaṃ ‘‘etaṃ mama’’nti taṇhāggāhassa pahīnataṃ. Etenapi bhagavā ‘‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, dhammesupi taṇhāpahānameva vaṇṇemi, sāti pana moghapuriso attabhāvepi taṇhāsaṃvaddhaniṃ viparītadiṭṭhiṃ paggayha tiṭṭhatī’’ti sātiṃ niggaṇhāti. Sabhāvadassanenāti dhammānaṃ aviparītasabhāvadassanena. Paccayadassanenāti kāraṇadassanena anavasesato hetuno paccayassa ca dassanena. Allīyethāti taṇhādiṭṭhivasena nissayetha. Tenāha ‘‘taṇhādiṭṭhīhī’’ti. Kelāyethāti pariharaṇakeḷiyā parihareyyātha. Tenāha ‘‘kīḷamānā vihareyyāthā’’ti. Dhanaṃ viya icchantāti dhanaṃ viya drabyaṃ viya icchaṃ taṇhaṃ janentā. Tenāha ‘‘gedhaṃ āpajjeyyāthā’’ti. Mamattaṃ uppādeyyāthāti ‘‘mamamida’’nti taṇhādiṭṭhivasena abhinivesaṃ janeyyātha. Nikantivasenapi gahaṇatthāya no desito, tassa vā saṇhasukhumassa vipassanādhammassa gahaṇaṃ nāma nikantiyā eva siyā, na oḷārikataṇhāyāti vuttaṃ ‘‘nikantivasenā’’ti.

402. Paṭicca etasmā phalaṃ etīti paccayo, sabbo kāraṇavisesoti āha ‘‘khandhānaṃ paccayaṃ dassento’’ti. Yāva avijjā hi sabbo nesaṃ kāraṇaviseso idha dassito. Puna ādito paṭṭhāya yāva pariyosānā, antato paṭṭhāya yāva ādīti anulomato paṭilomato ca vaṭṭavivaṭṭadassanavasena nānānayehi paṭiccasamuppādo dassito, niccaggāhassa nimittabhūto kilesopi idha natthīti dīpeti. Tampi vuttatthamevāti tampi ‘‘ime ca, bhikkhave, cattāro āhārā’’tiādi yāva ‘‘taṇhāpabhavā’’ti pāḷipadaṃ, tāva vuttatthameva sammādiṭṭhisuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.89). Sesaṃ paṭiccasamuppādakathābhāvato visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 2.570) vitthāritāvāti imināva saṅgahitaṃ.

404.Imasmiṃ sati idaṃ hotītiādīsu yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ paramatthadīpaniyaṃ udānaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (udā. aṭṭha. 1) vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ.

407.Paṭidhāvanāti paṭisaraṇaṃ, pubbe attano āgataṃ atītaṃ addhānaṃ uddissa taṇhādiṭṭhivasena paṭigamananti attho. Nanu vicikicchāvasena pāḷiyaṃ paṭidhāvanā āgatāti? Saccaṃ āgatā, sā pana taṇhādiṭṭhihetukāti ‘‘taṇhādiṭṭhivasenā’’ti vuttaṃ. Tatthāti tasmiṃ yathādhigate ñāṇadassane.

Niccalabhāvanti suppatiṭṭhitabhāvaṃ, titthiyavādavātehi akampiyabhāvañca. Garūti garuguṇayutto. Bhāriko pāsāṇacchattasadiso. Akāmā anuvattitabboti saddhāmattakeneva anuvattanamāha, na aveccappasādena. Kiccanti satthukiccaṃ. Brāhmaṇānanti jātimantabrāhmaṇānaṃ. Vatasamādānānīti magavatādivatasamādānāni. Diṭṭhikutūhalānīti taṃtaṃdiṭṭhiggāhavasena ‘‘idaṃ saccaṃ, idaṃ sacca’’ntiādinā gahetabbakutūhalāni. Evaṃ nissaṭṭhānīti yathā mayā tumhākaṃ ovādo dinno, evaṃ nissaṭṭhāni vatādīni taṃ atikkamitvā kiṃ gaṇheyyātha. Sayaṃ ñāṇena ñātanti paraneyyataṃ muñcitvā attano eva ñāṇena yāthāvato ñātaṃ. Evaṃbhūtañca sayaṃ paccakkhato diṭṭhaṃ nāma hotīti āha ‘‘sayaṃ paññācakkhunā diṭṭha’’nti. Sayaṃ vibhāvitanti tehi bhikkhūhi tassa atthassa paccattaṃ vibhūtabhāvaṃ āpāditaṃ. Upanītāti upakkamena dhammadesanānusārena nītā. Mayāti kattari karaṇavacanaṃ. Dhammenāti kāraṇena. Etaṃ vacananti etaṃ ‘‘sandiṭṭhiko’’tiādivacanaṃ.

408.Taṃ sammohaṭṭhānaṃ assa lokassa. Samodhānenāti samāgamena. Gabbhati attabhāvabhāvena vattatīti gabbho, kalalādiavattho dhammapabandho, tannissitattā pana sattasantāno ‘‘gabbho’’ti vutto yathā ‘‘mañcā ukkuṭṭhiṃ karontī’’ti. Tannissayabhāvato mātukucchi ‘‘gabbho’’ti veditabbo, gabbho viyāti vā. Yathā hi nivāsaṭṭhānatāya sattānaṃ ovarako ‘‘gabbho’’ti vuccati, evaṃ gabbhaseyyakānaṃ yāva abhijāti nivāsaṭṭhānatāya mātukucchi ‘‘gabbho’’ti vuttoti.

Yamekarattinti yassaṃ ekarattiyaṃ. Bhummatthe hi idaṃ upayogavacanaṃ, accantasaṃyoge vā. Paṭhamanti sabbapaṭhamaṃ paṭisandhikkhaṇe. Gabbheti mātukucchiyaṃ. Māṇavoti satto. Yebhuyyena sattā rattiyaṃ paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhantīti rattiggahaṇaṃ. Abbhuṭṭhitovāti uṭṭhitaabbho viya, abhimukhabhāvena vā uṭṭhito eva maraṇassāti adhippāyo. So yātīti so māṇavo yāti paṭhamakkhaṇato paṭṭhāya gacchateva. Sa gacchaṃ na nivattatīti so evaṃ gacchanto khaṇamattampi na nivattati, aññadatthu maraṇameva upagacchatīti gāthāya attho.

Utusamayaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, na lokasamaññātarajassa lagganadivasamattaṃ. Idāni vuttamevatthaṃ pākaṭataraṃ kātuṃ ‘‘mātugāmassa kira yasmi’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Tatthāti tasmiṃ gabbhāsaye. Saṇṭhahitvāti nibbattitvā. Bhijjitvāti aggahitagabbhā eva bhinnā hutvā. Ayañhi tassā sabhāvo. Vatthu suddhaṃ hotīti paggharitalohitattā anāmayattā ca gabbhāsayo suddho hoti. Suddhavatthuttā tato paraṃ katipayadivasāni khettameva hoti gabbhasaṇṭhahanassa parittassa lohitalesassa vijjamānattā. Sambhavassa pana kathaṃ sabbhāvoti āha ‘‘tasmiṃ samaye’’tiādi. Itthisantānepi sukkadhātu labbhateva. Tenāha ‘‘aṅgaparāmasanenapi dārako nibbattatiyevā’’ti. Yathā pārikāya nābhiparāmasanena sāmassa bodhisattassa, diṭṭhamaṅgalikāya nābhiparāmasanena maṇḍabyassa nibbatti. Gandhabboti gandhanato uppajjanagatiyā nimittupaṭṭhāpanena sūcanato gandhoti laddhanāmena bhavagāmikammunā abbati pavattatīti gandhabbo, tattha uppajjanakasatto. Tenāha ‘‘tatrūpagasatto’’ti. Kammayantayantitoti tatrūpapattiāvahena kammasaṅkhātena pellanakayantena tathattāya pellito upanīto. Mahantena jīvitasaṃsayenāti vijāyanaparikkilesena ‘‘jīvissāmi kho, na nu kho jīvissāmi ahaṃ vā, putto vā me’’ti evaṃ pavattena jīvitasaṃsayena vipulena garutarena saṃsayena. Taṃ ṭhānanti thanappadesamāha. Kīḷanti tenāti kīḷanaṃ, kīḷanameva kīḷanakaṃ.

409.Sārajjatīti sārattacitto hoti. Byāpajjatīti byāpannacitto hoti. Kāye kesādidvattiṃsāsucisamudāye taṃsabhāvārammaṇā sati kāyasati. Anupaṭṭhapetvāti anuppādetvā, yathāsabhāvato kāyaṃ anupadhāretvāti attho. Parittacetasoti kilesehi parito khaṇḍitacitto. Tenāha ‘‘akusalacitto’’ti. Ete akusaladhammā. Nirujjhantīti nirodhaṃ pattā honti. Taṇhāvasena abhinandatīti sappītikataṇhāvasena abhimukhaṃ hutvā nandati. Abhivadatīti taṇhāvasena taṃ taṃ ārammaṇaṃ abhinivissa vadati. Ajjhosāyāti anaññasādhāraṇaṃ viya ārammaṇaṃ taṇhāvasena anupavisitvā. Tenāha ‘‘gilitvā pariniṭṭhapetvā’’ti. Dukkhaṃ kathaṃ abhinandatīti ettha dukkhahetukaṃ abhinandanto dukkhaṃ abhinandati nāmāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana yāvatā yassa dukkhe diṭṭhitaṇhā abhinandanā appahīnā, tāvatāyaṃ dukkhaṃ abhinandati nāmāti dassetuṃ ‘‘ahaṃ dukkhito mama dukkhanti gaṇhanto abhinandati nāmā’’ti vuttaṃ. Tena gāhadvayahetukā tattha abhinandanāti dasseti. Puna ekavāranti punapi ekavāraṃ. Phalahetusandhihetuphalasandhivasena dvisandhī. ‘‘Gabbhassāvakkanti hotī’’tiādinā atthato sarūpato ca etarahi phalasaṅkhepassa. Sarūpeneva ca itaradvayassa desitattā āha ‘‘tisaṅkhepa’’nti.

410-414. Samathayānikassa bhikkhuno vedanāmukhena saṅkhepeneva yāva arahattā kammaṭṭhānaṃ idha kathitanti āha ‘‘saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttiṃ dhārethā’’ti. ‘‘Imaṃ taṇhāsaṅkhayavimutti’’nti ca bhagavā yathādesitaṃ desanaṃ avocāti vuttaṃ ‘‘imaṃ…pe… vimuttidesana’’nti . Yadi evaṃ kathaṃ desanā vimuttīti āha ‘‘desanā hi…pe… vimuttīti vuttā’’ti. Yassā taṇhāya vasena sāti bhikkhu sassataggāhamahāsaṅghāṭapaṭimukko, sā sabbabuddhānaṃ desanā hatthāvalambamānepi durugghāṭiyā jātāti āha ‘‘mahātaṇhājālataṇhāsaṅghāṭapaṭimukka’’nti. Mahātaṇhājāleti mahante taṇhājaṭe. Taṇhāsaṅghāṭeti taṇhāya saṅghāṭe. Tathābhūto ca tassa abbhantare kato nāma hotīti āha ‘‘anupaviṭṭho antogadho’’ti. Sesaṃ suviññeyyameva.

Mahātaṇhāsaṅkhayasuttavaṇṇanāya līnatthappakāsanā samattā.