4. Mettagūmāṇavapucchāniddeso

18.

Pucchāmitaṃ bhagavā brūhi metaṃ, [iccāyasmā mettagū]

Maññāmi taṃ vedagū bhāvitattaṃ;

Kuto nu dukkhā samudāgatā ime, ye keci lokasmimanekarūpā.

Pucchāmitaṃ bhagavā brūhi metanti. Pucchāmīti tisso pucchā – adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā, diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā, vimaticchedanā pucchā. Katamā adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā? Pakatiyā lakkhaṇaṃ aññātaṃ hoti adiṭṭhaṃ atulitaṃ atīritaṃ avibhūtaṃ avibhāvitaṃ. Tassa ñāṇāya dassanāya tulanāya tīraṇāya vibhūtatthāya vibhāvanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati – ayaṃ adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā.

Katamā diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā? Pakatiyā lakkhaṇaṃ ñātaṃ hoti diṭṭhaṃ tulitaṃ tīritaṃ vibhūtaṃ vibhāvitaṃ. Aññehi paṇḍitehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati – ayaṃ diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā.

Katamā vimaticchedanā pucchā? Pakatiyā saṃsayapakkhando hoti vimatipakkhando dveḷhakajāto – ‘‘evaṃ nu kho, na nu kho, kiṃ nu kho, kathaṃ nu kho’’ti? So vimaticchedanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati – ayaṃ vimaticchedanā pucchā. Imā tisso pucchā.

Aparāpi tisso pucchā – manussapucchā, amanussapucchā, nimmitapucchā. Katamā manussapucchā? Manussā buddhaṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchanti, bhikkhū pucchanti, bhikkhuniyo pucchanti, upāsakā pucchanti, upāsikāyo pucchanti, rājāno pucchanti khattiyā pucchanti, brāhmaṇā pucchanti, vessā pucchanti, suddā pucchanti, gahaṭṭhā pucchanti, pabbajitā pucchanti – ayaṃ manussapucchā.

Katamā amanussapucchā? Amanussā buddhaṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchanti, nāgā pucchanti, supaṇṇā pucchanti, yakkhā pucchanti, asurā pucchanti, gandhabbā pucchanti, mahārājāno pucchanti, indā pucchanti, brahmā pucchanti, devā pucchanti – ayaṃ amanussapucchā.

Katamā nimmitapucchā? Bhagavā rūpaṃ abhinimmināti manomayaṃ sabbaṅgapaccaṅgaṃ ahīnindriyaṃ. So nimmito buddhaṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchati. Bhagavā visajjeti. Ayaṃ nimmitapucchā. Imā tisso pucchā.

Aparāpi tisso pucchā – attatthapucchā, paratthapucchā, ubhayatthapucchā…pe… aparāpi tisso pucchā – diṭṭhadhammikatthapucchā, samparāyikatthapucchā , paramatthapucchā… aparāpi tisso pucchā – anavajjatthapucchā, nikkilesatthapucchā, vodānatthapucchā… aparāpi tisso pucchā – atītapucchā, anāgatapucchā, paccuppannapucchā… aparāpi tisso pucchā – ajjhattapucchā, bahiddhāpucchā, ajjhattabahiddhāpucchā… aparāpi tisso pucchā – kusalapucchā, akusalapucchā, abyākatapucchā… aparāpi tisso pucchā – khandhapucchā, dhātupucchā āyatanapucchā… aparāpi tisso pucchā – satipaṭṭhānapucchā, sammappadhānapucchā, iddhipādapucchā… aparāpi tisso pucchā – indriyapucchā, balapucchā, bojjhaṅgapucchā… aparāpi tisso pucchā – maggapucchā, phalapucchā, nibbānapucchā….

Pucchāmi tanti pucchāmi taṃ yācāmi taṃ ajjhesāmi taṃ pasādemi taṃ ‘‘kathayassu me’’ti pucchāmi taṃ. Bhagavāti gāravādhivacanametaṃ…pe… sacchikā paññatti – yadidaṃ bhagavāti. Brūhi metanti brūhi ācikkhāhi desehi paññapehi paṭṭhapehi vivarāhi vibhajāhi uttānīkarohi pakāsehīti – pucchāmi taṃ bhagavā brūhi metaṃ.

Iccāyasmā mettagūti iccāti padasandhi…pe… iccāyasmā mettagū.

Maññāmi taṃ vedagū bhāvitattanti. Vedagūti taṃ maññāmi, bhāvitattoti taṃ maññāmi, evaṃ jānāmi, evaṃ ājānāmi evaṃ paṭijānāmi evaṃ paṭivijjhāmi. Vedagū bhāvitattoti kathañca bhagavā vedagū? Vedā vuccanti catūsu maggesu ñāṇaṃ paññā paññindriyaṃ paññābalaṃ…pe… dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo vīmaṃsā vipassanā sammādiṭṭhi. Bhagavā tehi vedehi jātijarāmaraṇassa antagato antappatto koṭigato koṭippatto pariyantagato pariyantappatto vosānagato vosānappatto tāṇagato tāṇappatto leṇagato leṇappatto saraṇagato saraṇappatto abhayagato abhayappatto accutagato accutappatto amatagato amatappatto nibbānagato nibbānappatto. Vedānaṃ vā antagatoti vedagū; vedehi vā antagatoti vedagū; sattannaṃ vā dhammānaṃ viditattā vedagū; sakkāyadiṭṭhi viditā hoti, vicikicchā viditā hoti, sīlabbataparāmāso vidito hoti, rāgo doso moho māno vidito hoti, viditāssa honti pāpakā akusalā dhammā saṃkilesikā ponobhavikā sadarā dukkhavipākā āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇiyā.

Vedāni viceyya kevalāni, [sabhiyāti bhagavā]

Samaṇānaṃ yānīdhatthi ² brāhmaṇānaṃ;

Sabbavedanāsu vītarāgo;

Sabbaṃ vedamaticca vedagū soti.

Evaṃ bhagavā vedagū.

Kathaṃ bhagavā bhāvitatto? Bhagavā bhāvitakāyo bhāvitasīlo bhāvitacitto bhāvitapañño bhāvitasatipaṭṭhāno bhāvitasammappadhāno bhāvitaiddhipādo bhāvitaindriyo bhāvitabalo bhāvitabojjhaṅgo bhāvitamaggo, pahīnakileso paṭividdhākuppo sacchikatanirodho. Dukkhaṃ tassa pariññātaṃ, samudayo pahīno, maggo bhāvito, nirodho sacchikato, abhiññeyyaṃ abhiññātaṃ, pariññeyyaṃ pariññātaṃ, pahātabbaṃ pahīnaṃ, bhāvetabbaṃ bhāvitaṃ, sacchikātabbaṃ sacchikataṃ, aparitto mahanto gambhīro appameyyo duppariyogāḷho bahuratano sāgarūpamo ⁴ chaḷaṅgupekkhāya samannāgato hoti.

Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā neva sumano hoti na dummano; upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā, ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā, jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā, kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā, manasā dhammaṃ viññāya neva sumano hoti na dummano; upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno.

Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā manāpaṃ rūpaṃ nābhigijjhati nābhihaṃsati ⁸ na rāgaṃ janeti. Tassa ṭhitova kāyo hoti, ṭhitaṃ cittaṃ ajjhattaṃ susaṇṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ. Cakkhunā kho paneva rūpaṃ disvā amanāpaṃ na maṅku hoti appatiṭṭhitacitto ⁹ alīnamanaso ¹⁰ abyāpannacetaso. Tassa ṭhitova kāyo hoti ṭhitaṃ cittaṃ ajjhattaṃ susaṇṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya manāpaṃ nābhigijjhati nābhihaṃsati na rāgaṃ janeti. Tassa ṭhitova kāyo hoti ṭhitaṃ cittaṃ ajjhattaṃ susaṇṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ. Manasāyeva kho pana dhammaṃ viññāya amanāpaṃ na maṅku hoti. Appatiṭṭhitacitto alīnamanaso abyāpannacetaso tassa ṭhitova kāyo hoti ṭhitaṃ cittaṃ ajjhattaṃ susaṇṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ.

Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā manāpāmanāpesu rūpesu ṭhitova kāyo hoti ṭhitaṃ cittaṃ ajjhattaṃ susaṇṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya manāpāmanāpesu dhammesu ṭhitova kāyo hoti ṭhitaṃ cittaṃ ajjhattaṃ susaṇṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ.

Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā rajanīye na rajjati, dussanīye ¹² na dussati, mohanīye na muyhati, kopanīye na kuppati, madanīye na majjati, kilesanīye na kilissati. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya rajanīye na rajjati, dussanīye na dussati, mohanīye na muyhati, kopanīye na kuppati, madanīye na majjati, kilesanīye na kilissati.

Diṭṭhe diṭṭhamatto, sute sutamatto, mute mutamatto, viññāte viññātamatto. Diṭṭhe na limpati, sute na limpati, mute na limpati, viññāte na limpati. Diṭṭhe anūpayo ¹⁵ anapāyo anissito appaṭibaddho vippamutto visaññutto vimariyādikatena cetasā viharati. Sute…pe… mute … viññāte anūpayo ¹⁶ anapāyo anissito appaṭibaddho vippamutto visaññutto vimariyādikatena cetasā viharati.

Saṃvijjati bhagavato cakkhu, passati bhagavā cakkhunā rūpaṃ, chandarāgo bhagavato natthi, suvimuttacitto bhagavā. Saṃvijjati bhagavato sotaṃ, suṇāti bhagavā sotena saddaṃ, chandarāgo bhagavato natthi, suvimuttacitto bhagavā. Saṃvijjati bhagavato ghānaṃ, ghāyati bhagavā ghānena gandhaṃ, chandarāgo bhagavato natthi, suvimuttacitto bhagavā. Saṃvijjati bhagavato jivhā, sāyati bhagavā jivhāya rasaṃ, chandarāgo bhagavato natthi, suvimuttacitto bhagavā. Saṃvijjati bhagavato kāyo, phusati bhagavā kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ, chandarāgo bhagavato natthi, suvimuttacitto bhagavā. Saṃvijjati bhagavato mano, vijānāti bhagavā manasā dhammaṃ, chandarāgo bhagavato natthi, suvimuttacitto bhagavā.

Cakkhu rūpārāmaṃ rūparataṃ rūpasammuditaṃ, taṃ bhagavato ¹⁸ dantaṃ guttaṃ rakkhitaṃ saṃvutaṃ; tassa ca saṃvarāya dhammaṃ deseti. Sotaṃ saddārāmaṃ saddarataṃ…pe… ghānaṃ gandhārāmaṃ gandharataṃ… jivhā rasārāmā rasaratā rasasammuditā, sā bhagavato dantā guttā rakkhitā saṃvutā; tassa ca saṃvarāya dhammaṃ deseti. Kāyo phoṭṭhabbārāmo phoṭṭhabbarato phoṭṭhabbasammudito… mano dhammārāmo dhammarato dhammasammudito, so bhagavato danto gutto rakkhito saṃvuto; tassa ca saṃvarāya dhammaṃ deseti –

‘‘Dantaṃ nayanti samitiṃ, dantaṃ rājābhirūhati;

Danto seṭṭho manussesu, yotivākyaṃ titikkhati.

‘‘Varamassatarā dantā, ājānīyā ca ²⁰ sindhavā;

Kuñjarā ca ²² mahānāgā, attadanto tato varaṃ.

‘‘Na hi etehi yānehi, gaccheyya agataṃ disaṃ;

Yathāttanā sudantena, danto dantena gacchati.

‘‘Vidhāsu na vikampanti, vippamuttā punabbhavā;

Dantabhūmiṃ anuppattā, te loke vijitāvino.

‘‘Yassindriyāni bhāvitāni, ajjhattañca bahiddhā ca sabbaloke;

Nibbijjha imaṃ parañca lokaṃ, kālaṃ kaṅkhati bhāvito sa danto’’ti ²⁴.

Evaṃ bhagavā bhāvitattoti.

Maññāmi taṃ vedagū bhāvitattaṃ, kuto nu dukkhā samudāgatā imeti. Kuto nūti saṃsayapucchā vimatipucchā dveḷhakapucchā anekaṃsapucchā – ‘‘evaṃ nu kho, na nu kho, kiṃ nu kho, kathaṃ nu kho’’ti – kuto nu. Dukkhāti jātidukkhaṃ, jarādukkhaṃ, byādhidukkhaṃ, maraṇadukkhaṃ, sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadukkhaṃ, byasanaṃ dukkhaṃ, nerayikaṃ dukkhaṃ, tiracchānayonikaṃ dukkhaṃ, pettivisayikaṃ dukkhaṃ, mānusikaṃ dukkhaṃ, gabbhokkantimūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ, gabbhaṭṭhitimūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ, gabbhavuṭṭhānamūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ, jātassūpanibandhakaṃ dukkhaṃ, jātassa parādheyyakaṃ dukkhaṃ, attūpakkamaṃ dukkhaṃ, parūpakkamaṃ dukkhaṃ, dukkhadukkhaṃ, saṅkhāradukkhaṃ, vipariṇāmadukkhaṃ , cakkhurogo sotarogo ghānarogo jivhārogo kāyarogo sīsarogo kaṇṇarogo mukharogo dantarogo kāso sāso pināso ḍāho jaro kucchirogo mucchā pakkhandikā sūlā visūcikā kuṭṭhaṃ gaṇḍo kilāso soso apamāro daddu kaṇḍu kacchu rakhasā vitacchikā lohitapittaṃ madhumeho aṃsā piḷakā bhagandalā pittasamuṭṭhānā ābādhā semhasamuṭṭhānā ābādhā vātasamuṭṭhānā ābādhā sannipātikā ābādhā utupariṇāmajā ābādhā visamaparihārajā ābādhā opakkamikā ābādhā kammavipākajā ābādhā sītaṃ uṇhaṃ jighacchā pipāsā uccāro passāvo ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassaṃ dukkhaṃ, mātumaraṇaṃ dukkhaṃ , pitumaraṇaṃ dukkhaṃ, bhātumaraṇaṃ dukkhaṃ, bhaginimaraṇaṃ dukkhaṃ, puttamaraṇaṃ dukkhaṃ, dhītumaraṇaṃ dukkhaṃ, ñātibyasanaṃ dukkhaṃ, rogabyasanaṃ dukkhaṃ, bhogabyasanaṃ dukkhaṃ, sīlabyasanaṃ dukkhaṃ, diṭṭhibyasanaṃ dukkhaṃ; yesaṃ dhammānaṃ ādito samudāgamanaṃ paññāyati, atthaṅgamato nirodho paññāyati, kammasannissito vipāko, vipākasannissitaṃ kammaṃ, nāmasannissitaṃ rūpaṃ, rūpasannissitaṃ nāmaṃ, jātiyā anugataṃ, jarāya anusaṭaṃ, byādhinā abhibhūtaṃ, maraṇena abbhāhataṃ, dukkhe patiṭṭhitaṃ, atāṇaṃ aleṇaṃ asaraṇaṃ asaraṇībhūtaṃ – ime vuccanti dukkhā. Ime dukkhā kuto samudāgatā kuto jātā kuto sañjātā kuto nibbattā kuto abhinibbattā kuto pātubhūtā kiṃnidānā kiṃsamudayā kiṃjātikā kiṃpabhavāti, imesaṃ dukkhānaṃ mūlaṃ pucchati hetuṃ pucchati nidānaṃ pucchati sambhavaṃ pucchati pabhavaṃ pucchati samuṭṭhānaṃ pucchati āhāraṃ pucchati ārammaṇaṃ pucchati paccayaṃ pucchati samudayaṃ pucchati papucchati yācati ajjhesati pasādetīti – kuto nu dukkhā samudāgatā ime.

Ye keci lokasmimanekarūpāti. Ye kecīti sabbena sabbaṃ sabbathā sabbaṃ asesaṃ nissesaṃ pariyādiyanavacanametaṃ – ye kecīti. Lokasminti apāyaloke manussaloke devaloke khandhaloke dhātuloke āyatanaloke. Anekarūpāti anekavidhā nānāppakārā dukkhāti – ye keci lokasmimanekarūpā. Tenāha so brāhmaṇo –

‘‘Pucchāmi taṃ bhagavā brūhi metaṃ, [iccāyasmā mettagū]

Maññāmi taṃ vedagū bhāvitattaṃ;

Kuto nu dukkhā samudāgatā ime, ye keci lokasmimanekarūpā’’ti.

19.

Dukkhassa ve maṃ pabhavaṃ apucchasi, [mettagūti bhagavā]

Taṃ te pavakkhāmi yathā pajānaṃ;

Upadhinidānā pabhavanti dukkhā, ye keci lokasmimanekarūpā.

Dukkhassa ve maṃ pabhavaṃ apucchasīti. Dukkhassāti jātidukkhassa jarādukkhassa byādhidukkhassa maraṇadukkhassa sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadukkhassa. Pabhavaṃ apucchasīti dukkhassa mūlaṃ pucchasi hetuṃ pucchasi nidānaṃ pucchasi sambhavaṃ pucchasi pabhavaṃ pucchasi samuṭṭhānaṃ pucchasi āhāraṃ pucchasi ārammaṇaṃ pucchasi paccayaṃ pucchasi samudayaṃ pucchasi yācasi ajjhesasi pasādesīti – dukkhassa ve maṃ pabhavaṃ apucchasi. Mettagūti bhagavā taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ nāmena ālapati. Bhagavāti gāravādhivacanametaṃ…pe… sacchikā paññatti, yadidaṃ bhagavāti – mettagūti bhagavā.

Taṃ te pavakkhāmi yathā pajānanti. Tanti dukkhassa mūlaṃ pavakkhāmi hetuṃ pavakkhāmi nidānaṃ pavakkhāmi sambhavaṃ pavakkhāmi pabhavaṃ pavakkhāmi samuṭṭhānaṃ pavakkhāmi āhāraṃ pavakkhāmi ārammaṇaṃ pavakkhāmi paccayaṃ pavakkhāmi samudayaṃ pavakkhāmi ācikkhissāmi desessāmi paññapessāmi paṭṭhapessāmi vivarissāmi vibhajissāmi uttānīkarissāmi pakāsessāmīti – taṃ te pavakkhāmi. Yathā pajānanti yathā pajānanto ājānanto vijānanto paṭivijānanto paṭivijjhanto. Na itihītihaṃ na itikirāya na paramparāya na piṭakasampadāya ²⁶ na takkahetu na nayahetu na ākāraparivitakkena na diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā sāmaṃ sayamabhiññātaṃ attapaccakkhadhammaṃ taṃ kathayissāmīti – taṃ te pavakkhāmi yathā pajānaṃ.

Upadhinidānā pabhavanti dukkhāti. Upadhīti dasa upadhī – taṇhūpadhi, diṭṭhūpadhi, kilesūpadhi, kammūpadhi, duccaritūpadhi, āhārūpadhi, paṭighūpadhi, catasso upādinnadhātuyo upadhī, cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni upadhī, cha viññāṇakāyā upadhī, sabbampi dukkhaṃ dukkhamanaṭṭhena ²⁸ upadhi. Ime vuccanti dasa upadhī. Dukkhāti jātidukkhaṃ jarādukkhaṃ byādhidukkhaṃ maraṇadukkhaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadukkhaṃ nerayikaṃ dukkhaṃ…pe… diṭṭhibyasanaṃ dukkhaṃ. Yesaṃ dhammānaṃ ādito samudāgamanaṃ paññāyati, atthaṅgamato nirodho paññāyati, kammasannissito vipāko, vipākasannissitaṃ kammaṃ, nāmasannissitaṃ rūpaṃ, rūpasannissitaṃ nāmaṃ, jātiyā anugataṃ, jarāya anusaṭaṃ, byādhinā abhibhūtaṃ, maraṇena abbhāhataṃ, dukkhe patiṭṭhitaṃ, atāṇaṃ aleṇaṃ asaraṇaṃ asaraṇībhūtaṃ – ime vuccanti dukkhā. Ime dukkhā upadhinidānā upadhihetukā upadhipaccayā upadhikāraṇā honti pabhavanti sambhavanti jāyanti sañjāyanti nibbattanti pātubhavantīti – upadhinidānā pabhavanti dukkhā.

Ye keci lokasmimanekarūpāti. Ye kecīti sabbena sabbaṃ sabbathā sabbaṃ asesaṃ nissesaṃ pariyādiyanavacanametaṃ – ye kecīti. Lokasminti apāyaloke manussaloke devaloke khandhaloke dhātuloke āyatanaloke. Anekarūpāti anekavidhā nānappakārā dukkhāti – ye keci lokasmimanekarūpā. Tenāha bhagavā –

‘‘Dukkhassa ve maṃ pabhavaṃ apucchasi, [mettagūti bhagavā]

Taṃ te pavakkhāmi yathā pajānaṃ;

Upadhinidānā pabhavanti dukkhā, ye keci lokasmimanekarūpā’’ti.

20.

Yo ve avidvā upadhiṃ karoti, punappunaṃ dukkhamupeti mando;

Tasmā pajānaṃ upadhiṃ na kayirā, dukkhassa jātippabhavānupassī.

Yove avidvā upadhiṃ karotīti. Yoti yo yādiso yathāyutto yathāvihito yathāpakāro yaṃṭhānappatto yaṃdhammasamannāgato khattiyo vā brāhmaṇo vā vesso vā suddo vā gahaṭṭho vā pabbajito vā devo vā manusso vā. Avidvāti avijjāgato aññāṇī avibhāvī duppañño. Upadhiṃ karotīti taṇhūpadhiṃ karoti, diṭṭhūpadhiṃ karoti, kilesūpadhiṃ karoti, kammūpadhiṃ karoti, duccaritūpadhiṃ karoti, āhārūpadhiṃ karoti, paṭighūpadhiṃ karoti, catasso upādinnadhātuyo upadhī karoti, cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni upadhī karoti, cha viññāṇakāye upadhī karoti janeti sañjaneti nibbatteti abhinibbattetīti – avidvā upadhiṃ karoti.

Punappunaṃ dukkhamupeti mandoti punappunaṃ jātidukkhaṃ jarādukkhaṃ byādhidukkhaṃ maraṇadukkhaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadukkhaṃ eti samupeti upagacchati gaṇhāti parāmasati abhinivisatīti – punappunaṃ dukkhamupeti. Mandoti mando momuho avidvā avijjāgato aññāṇī avibhāvī duppaññoti – punappunaṃ dukkhamupeti mando.

Tasmā pajānaṃ upadhiṃ na kayirāti. Tasmāti taṃkāraṇā taṃhetu tappaccayā taṃnidānā etaṃ ādīnavaṃ sampassamāno upadhīsūti tasmā. Pajānanti pajānanto ājānanto vijānanto paṭivijānanto paṭivijjhanto, ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā’’ti pajānanto ājānanto vijānanto paṭivijānanto paṭivijjhanto , ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhā’’ti…pe… ‘‘sabbe dhammā anattā’’ti…pe… ‘‘yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti pajānanto ājānanto vijānanto paṭivijānanto paṭivijjhanto. Upadhiṃ na kayirāti taṇhūpadhiṃ na kareyya, diṭṭhūpadhiṃ na kareyya, kilesūpadhiṃ na kareyya, duccaritūpadhiṃ na kareyya, āhārūpadhiṃ na kareyya, paṭighūpadhiṃ na kareyya, catasso upādinnadhātuyo upadhī na kareyya, cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni upadhī na kareyya, cha viññāṇakāye upadhī na kareyya, na janeyya na sañjaneyya na nibbatteyya nābhinibbatteyyāti – tasmā pajānaṃ upadhiṃ na kayirā.

Dukkhassāti jātidukkhassa jarādukkhassa byādhidukkhassa maraṇadukkhassa sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadukkhassa. Pabhavānupassīti dukkhassa mūlānupassī hetānupassī nidānānupassī sambhavānupassī pabhavānupassī samuṭṭhānānupassī āhārānupassī ārammaṇānupassī paccayānupassī samudayānupassī. Anupassanā vuccati ñāṇaṃ. Yā paññā pajānanā…pe… amoho dhammavicayo sammādiṭṭhi. Imāya anupassanāya paññāya upeto hoti samupeto upāgato samupāgato upapanno samupapanno samannāgato. So vuccati anupassīti – dukkhassa jātippabhavānupassī. Tenāha bhagavā –

‘‘Yo ve avidvā upadhiṃ karoti, punappunaṃ dukkhamupeti mando;

Tasmā pajānaṃ upadhiṃ na kayirā, dukkhassa jātippabhavānupassī’’ti.

21.

Yaṃ taṃ apucchimha akittayī no, aññaṃ taṃ pucchāma tadiṅgha brūhi;

Kathaṃ nu dhīrā vitaranti oghaṃ, jātiṃ jaraṃ sokapariddavañca;

Taṃ me munī sādhu viyākarohi, tathā hi te vidito esa dhammo.

Yaṃ taṃ apucchimha akittayī noti yaṃ taṃ apucchimha ayācimha ajjhesimha pasādayimha. Akittayī noti kittitaṃ ³¹ pakittitaṃ ācikkhitaṃ desitaṃ paññapitaṃ ³² paṭṭhapitaṃ vivaritaṃ vibhattaṃ uttānīkataṃ pakāsitanti – yaṃ taṃ apucchimha akittayī no.

Aññaṃ taṃ pucchāma tadiṅgha brūhīti aññaṃ taṃ pucchāma, aññaṃ taṃ yācāma, aññaṃ taṃ ajjhesāma, aññaṃ taṃ pasādema, uttari taṃ pucchāma. Tadiṅgha brūhīti iṅgha brūhi ācikkhāhi desehi paññapehi paṭṭhapehi vivarāhi vibhajāhi uttānīkarohi pakāsehīti – aññaṃ taṃ pucchāma tadiṅgha brūhi.

Kathaṃ nu dhīrā vitaranti oghaṃ, jātiṃ jaraṃ sokapariddavañcāti. Kathaṃ nūti saṃsayapucchā vimatipucchā dveḷhakapucchā anekaṃsapucchā – ‘‘evaṃ nu kho, nanu kho, kiṃ nu kho, kathaṃ nu kho’’ti – kathaṃ nu. Dhīrāti dhīrā paṇḍitā paññavanto buddhimanto ñāṇino vibhāvino medhāvino . Oghanti kāmoghaṃ bhavoghaṃ diṭṭhoghaṃ avijjoghaṃ. Jātīti yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jāti sañjāti okkanti nibbatti abhinibbatti khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo āyatanānaṃ paṭilābho. Jarāti yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṃ pāliccaṃ valittacatā āyuno saṃhāni indriyānaṃ paripāko. Sokoti ñātibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa bhogabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa rogabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa sīlabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa diṭṭhibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa aññataraññatarena byasanena vā samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena vā phuṭṭhassa soko socanā socitattaṃ antosoko antoparisoko antoḍāho antopariḍāho cetaso parijjhāyanā domanassaṃ sokasallaṃ. Paridevoti ñātibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa bhogabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa rogabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa sīlabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa diṭṭhibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa aññataraññatarena byasanena vā samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena vā phuṭṭhassa ādevo paridevo ādevanā paridevanā ādevitattaṃ paridevitattaṃ vācā palāpo ³⁵ vippalāpo lālappo lālappanā lālappitattaṃ ³⁶.

Kathaṃ nu dhīrā vitaranti oghaṃ, jātiṃ jaraṃ sokapariddavañcāti dhīrā kathaṃ oghañca jātiñca jarañca sokañca paridevañca taranti uttaranti pataranti samatikkamanti vītivattantīti – kathaṃ nu dhīrā vitaranti oghaṃ, jātiṃ jaraṃ sokapariddavañca.

Taṃ me munī sādhu viyākarohīti. Tanti yaṃ pucchāmi yaṃ yācāmi yaṃ ajjhesāmi yaṃ pasādemi. Munīti monaṃ vuccati ñāṇaṃ . Yā paññā pajānanā…pe… amoho dhammavicayo sammādiṭṭhi. Bhagavā tena ñāṇena samannāgato muni monappatto. Tīṇi moneyyāni – kāyamoneyyaṃ vacīmoneyyaṃ manomoneyyaṃ.

Katamaṃ kāyamoneyyaṃ? Tividhānaṃ kāyaduccaritānaṃ pahānaṃ kāyamoneyyaṃ. Tividhaṃ kāyasucaritaṃ kāyamoneyyaṃ. Kāyārammaṇe ñāṇaṃ kāyamoneyyaṃ. Kāyapariññā kāyamoneyyaṃ. Pariññāsahagato maggo kāyamoneyyaṃ. Kāye chandarāgassa pahānaṃ kāyamoneyyaṃ. Kāyasaṅkhāranirodho catutthajjhānasamāpatti kāyamoneyyaṃ. Idaṃ kāyamoneyyaṃ.

Katamaṃ vacīmoneyyaṃ? Catubbidhānaṃ vacīduccaritānaṃ pahānaṃ vacīmoneyyaṃ. Catubbidhaṃ vacīsucaritaṃ vacīmoneyyaṃ. Vācārammaṇe ñāṇaṃ vacīmoneyyaṃ. Vācāpariññā vacīmoneyyaṃ. Pariññāsahagato maggo vacīmoneyyaṃ. Vācāya chandarāgassa pahānaṃ vacīmoneyyaṃ. Vacīsaṅkhāranirodho dutiyajjhānasamāpatti vacīmoneyyaṃ. Idaṃ vacīmoneyyaṃ.

Katamaṃ manomoneyyaṃ? Tividhānaṃ manoduccaritānaṃ pahānaṃ manomoneyyaṃ. Tividhaṃ manosucaritaṃ manomoneyyaṃ. Cittārammaṇe ñāṇaṃ manomoneyyaṃ. Cittapariññā manomoneyyaṃ. Pariññāsahagato maggo manomoneyyaṃ. Citte chandarāgassa pahānaṃ manomoneyyaṃ. Cittasaṅkhāranirodho saññāvedayitanirodhasamāpatti manomoneyyaṃ. Idaṃ manomoneyyaṃ .

Kāyamuniṃ vacīmuniṃ ³⁸, manomunimanāsavaṃ;

Muniṃ moneyyasampannaṃ, āhu sabbappahāyinaṃ.

Kāyamuniṃ vacīmuniṃ, manomunimanāsavaṃ;

Muniṃ moneyyasampannaṃ, āhu ninhātapāpakanti.

Imehi tīhi moneyyehi dhammehi samannāgatā. Cha munino ⁴¹ – agāramunino, anagāramunino, sekhamunino ⁴², asekhamunino, paccekamunino munimuninoti. Katame agāramunino? Ye te agārikā diṭṭhapadā viññātasāsanā – ime agāramunino. Katame anagāramunino? Ye te pabbajitā diṭṭhapadā viññātasāsanā – ime anagāramunino. Satta sekhā sekhamunino. Arahanto asekhamunino. Paccekasambuddhā paccekamunino. Tathāgatā arahanto sammāsambuddhā munimunino.

Na monena munī ⁴⁴ hoti, mūḷharūpo aviddasu;

Yo ca tulaṃva paggayha, varamādāya paṇḍito.

Pāpāni parivajjeti, sa munī tena so muni;

Yo munāti ubho loke, muni tena pavuccati.

Asatañca satañca ñatvā dhammaṃ, ajjhattaṃ bahiddhā ca sabbaloke;

Devamanussehi pūjanīyo ⁴⁷, saṅgajālamaticca ⁴⁸ so munīti.

Sādhu viyākarohīti taṃ sādhu ācikkhāhi desehi paññapehi paṭṭhapehi vivarāhi vibhajāhi uttānīkarohi pakāsehīti – taṃ me munī sādhu viyākarohi. Tathā hi te vidito esadhammoti tathā hi te vidito tulito tīrito vibhūto vibhāvito esa dhammoti – tathā hi te vidito esa dhammo. Tenāha so brāhmaṇo –

‘‘Yaṃ taṃ apucchimha akittayī no, aññaṃ taṃ pucchāma tadiṅgha brūhi;

Kathaṃ nu dhīrā vitaranti oghaṃ, jātiṃ jaraṃ sokapariddavañca;

Taṃ me munī sādhu viyākarohi, tathā hi te vidito esa dhammo’’ti.

22.

Kittayissāmite dhammaṃ, [mettagūti bhagavā]

Diṭṭhe dhamme anītihaṃ;

Yaṃ viditvā sato caraṃ, tare loke visattikaṃ.

Kittayissāmi te dhammanti. Dhammanti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, cattāro satipaṭṭhāne, cattāro sammappadhāne, cattāro iddhipāde , pañcindriyāni, pañca balāni, satta bojjhaṅge, ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, nibbānañca, nibbānagāminiñca paṭipadaṃ kittayissāmi ācikkhissāmi desessāmi paññapessāmi paṭṭhapessāmi vivarissāmi vibhajissāmi uttānīkarissāmi pakāsissāmīti – kittayissāmi te dhammaṃ. Mettagūti bhagavā taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ nāmena ālapati.

Diṭṭhe dhamme anītihanti. Diṭṭhe dhammeti diṭṭhe dhamme ñāte dhamme tulite dhamme tīrite dhamme vibhūte dhamme vibhāvite dhamme sabbe saṅkhārā aniccāti…pe… yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhammanti diṭṭhe dhamme ñāte dhamme tulite dhamme tīrite dhamme vibhūte dhamme vibhāvite dhammeti – evampi diṭṭhe dhamme kathayissāmi. Atha vā, dukkhe diṭṭhe dukkhaṃ kathayissāmi, samudaye diṭṭhe samudayaṃ kathayissāmi, magge diṭṭhe maggaṃ kathayissāmi, nirodhe diṭṭhe nirodhaṃ kathayissāmīti – evampi diṭṭhe dhamme kathayissāmi. Atha vā, diṭṭhe dhamme sandiṭṭhikaṃ akālikaṃ ehipassikaṃ opaneyyikaṃ paccattaṃ veditabbaṃ viññūhīti – evampi diṭṭhe dhamme kathayissāmīti diṭṭhe dhamme. Anītihanti na itihītihaṃ na itikirāya na paramparāya na piṭakasampadāya na takkahetu na nayahetu na ākāraparivitakkena na diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā, sāmaṃ sayamabhiññātaṃ attapaccakkhadhammaṃ, taṃ kathayissāmīti – diṭṭhe dhamme anītihaṃ.

Yaṃviditvā sato caranti yaṃ viditaṃ katvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvā, ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā’’ti viditaṃ katvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvā, ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhā’’ti… ‘‘sabbe dhammā anattā’’ti…pe… ‘‘yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti viditaṃ katvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvā. Satoti catūhi kāraṇehi sato – kāye kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvento sato…pe… so vuccati sato. Caranti caranto viharanto iriyanto vattento pālento yapento yāpentoti – yaṃ viditvā sato caraṃ.

Tare loke visattikanti visattikā vuccati taṇhā. Yo rāgo sārāgo…pe… abhijjhā lobho akusalamūlaṃ. Visattikāti kenaṭṭhena visattikā? Visatāti visattikā, visālāti visattikā, visaṭāti visattikā, visamāti visattikā, visakkatīti visattikā, visaṃharatīti visattikā, visaṃvādikāti visattikā, visamūlāti visattikā, visaphalāti visattikā, visaparibhogāti visattikā, visālā vā pana sā taṇhā rūpe sadde gandhe rase phoṭṭhabbe kule gaṇe āvāse lābhe yase pasaṃsāya sukhe cīvare piṇḍapāte senāsane gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāre kāmadhātuyā rūpadhātuyā arūpadhātuyā kāmabhave rūpabhave arūpabhave saññābhave asaññābhave nevasaññānāsaññābhave ekavokārabhave catuvokārabhave pañcavokārabhave atīte anāgate paccuppanne diṭṭhasutamutaviññātabbesu dhammesu visaṭā vitthatāti visattikā. Loketi apāyaloke manussaloke devaloke khandhaloke dhātuloke āyatanaloke. Tare loke visattikanti loke vesā visattikā ⁵⁰, loke vetaṃ visattikaṃ sato tareyya uttareyya patareyya samatikkameyya vītivatteyyāti – tare loke visattikaṃ. Tenāha bhagavā –

‘‘Kittayissāmi te dhammaṃ, [mettagūti bhagavā]

Diṭṭhe dhamme anītihaṃ;

Yaṃ viditvā sato caraṃ, tare loke visattika’’nti.

23.

Tañcāhaṃ abhinandāmi, mahesi dhammamuttamaṃ;

Yaṃ viditvā sato caraṃ, tare loke visattikaṃ.

Tañcāhaṃ abhinandāmīti. Tanti tuyhaṃ vacanaṃ byappathaṃ ⁵³ desanaṃ anusāsanaṃ anusiṭṭhaṃ ⁵⁴. Nandāmīti abhinandāmi modāmi anumodāmi icchāmi sādiyāmi yācāmi patthayāmi pihayāmi abhijappāmīti – tañcāhaṃ abhinandāmi.

Mahesidhammamuttamanti. Mahesīti kiṃ mahesi bhagavā, mahantaṃ sīlakkhandhaṃ esī gavesī ⁵⁷ pariyesīti mahesi, mahantaṃ samādhikkhandhaṃ…pe… mahantaṃ paññākkhandhaṃ… mahantaṃ vimuttikkhandhaṃ… mahantaṃ vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato tamokāyassa padālanaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato vipallāsassa pabhedanaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato taṇhāsallassa abbahanaṃ ⁵⁸ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato diṭṭhisaṅghātassa viniveṭhanaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato mānadhajassa papātanaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato abhisaṅkhārassa vūpasamaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato oghassa nittharaṇaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato bhārassa nikkhepanaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato saṃsāravaṭṭassa upacchedaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato santāpassa nibbāpanaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato pariḷāhassa paṭippassaddhiṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahato dhammadhajassa ussāpanaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahante satipaṭṭhāne…pe… mahante sammappadhāne… mahante iddhipāde… mahantāni indriyāni… mahantāni balāni… mahante bojjhaṅge… mahantaṃ ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ… mahantaṃ paramatthaṃ amataṃ nibbānaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahesakkhehi sattehi esito gavesito pariyesito – ‘‘kahaṃ buddho, kahaṃ bhagavā, kahaṃ devadevo, kahaṃ narāsabho’’ti mahesi. Dhammamuttamanti dhammamuttaṃmaṃ vuccati amataṃ nibbānaṃ. Yo so sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhakkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ. Uttamanti aggaṃ seṭṭhaṃ viseṭṭhaṃ pāmokkhaṃ uttamaṃ pavaraṃ dhammanti – mahesi dhammamuttamaṃ.

Yaṃ viditvā sato caranti viditaṃ katvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvā, ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā’’ti viditaṃ katvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvā, ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhā’’ti… ‘‘sabbe dhammā anattā’’ti…pe… ‘‘yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti viditaṃ katvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvā. Satoti catūhi kāraṇehi sato – kāye kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvento sato, vedanāsu…pe… citte… dhammesu… dhammānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvento sato… so vuccati sato. Caranti caranto viharanto iriyanto vattento pālento yapento yāpentoti – yaṃ viditvā sato caraṃ.

Tareloke visattikanti visattikā vuccati taṇhā. Yo rāgo sārāgo…pe… abhijjhā lobho akusalamūlaṃ. Visattikāti kenaṭṭhena visattikā…pe… visaṭā vitthatāti visattikā. Loketi apāyaloke…pe… āyatanaloke. Tare loke visattikanti loke vesā visattikā, loke vetaṃ visattikaṃ sato tareyya uttareyya patareyya samatikkameyya vītivatteyyāti – tare loke visattikaṃ. Tenāha so brāhmaṇo –

‘‘Tañcāhaṃ abhinandāmi, mahesi dhammamuttamaṃ;

Yaṃ viditvā sato caraṃ, tare loke visattika’’nti.

24.

Yaṃ kiñci sampajānāsi, [mettagūti bhagavā]

Uddhaṃ adho tiriyañcāpi majjhe;

Etesu nandiñca nivesanañca, panujja viññāṇaṃ bhave na tiṭṭhe.

Yaṃ kiñci sampajānāsīti yaṃ kiñci pajānāsi ājānāsi vijānāsi paṭivijānāsi paṭivijjhasīti – yaṃ kiñci sampajānāsi. Mettagūti bhagavā taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ nāmena ālapati. Bhagavāti gāravādhivacanametaṃ…pe… sacchikā paññatti, yadidaṃ bhagavāti – mettagūti bhagavā.

Uddhaṃ adho tiriyañcāpi majjheti. Uddhanti anāgataṃ ⁶⁰; adhoti atītaṃ; tiriyañcāpi majjheti paccuppannaṃ. Uddhanti devaloko; adhoti nirayaloko; tiriyañcāpi majjheti manussaloko. Atha vā, uddhanti kusalā dhammā; adhoti akusalā dhammā; tiriyañcāpi majjheti abyākatā dhammā. Uddhanti arūpadhātu; adhoti kāmadhātu; tiriyañcāpi majjheti rūpadhātu. Uddhanti sukhā vedanā; adhoti dukkhā vedanā; tiriyañcāpi majjheti adukkhamasukhā vedanā. Uddhanti uddhaṃ pādatalā; adhoti adho kesamatthakā; tiriyañcāpi majjheti vemajjheti – uddhaṃ adho tiriyañcāpi majjhe.

Etesu nandiñca nivesanañca, panujja viññāṇaṃ bhave na tiṭṭheti etesūti ācikkhitesu desitesu paññapitesu paṭṭhapitesu vivaritesu vibhajitesu uttānīkatesu pakāsitesu. Nandī vuccati taṇhā. Yo rāgo sārāgo…pe… abhijjhā lobho akusalamūlaṃ. Nivesananti dve nivesanā – taṇhānivesanā ca diṭṭhinivesanā ca. Katamā taṇhā nivesanā? Yāvatā taṇhāsaṅkhātena …pe… ayaṃ taṇhānivesanā. Katamā diṭṭhinivesanā? Vīsativatthukā sakkāyadiṭṭhi …pe… ayaṃ diṭṭhinivesanā.

Panujja viññāṇanti puññābhisaṅkhārasahagataṃ viññāṇaṃ, apuññābhisaṅkhārasahagataṃ viññāṇaṃ, āneñjābhisaṅkhārasahagataṃ viññāṇaṃ. Etesu nandiñca nivesanañca abhisaṅkhārasahagatañca viññāṇaṃ nujja panujja nuda panuda jaha pajaha vinodehi byantīkarohi anabhāvaṃ gamehīti – etesu nandiñca nivesanañca panujja viññāṇaṃ.

Bhave na tiṭṭheti. Bhavāti dve bhavā – kammabhavo ca paṭisandhiko ca punabbhavo. Katamo kammabhavo? Puññābhisaṅkhāro apuññābhisaṅkhāro āneñjābhisaṅkhāro – ayaṃ kammabhavo. Katamo paṭisandhiko punabbhavo? Paṭisandhikā rūpaṃ vedanā saññā saṅkhārā viññāṇaṃ – ayaṃ paṭisandhiko punabbhavo. Bhave na tiṭṭheti nandiñca nivesanañca abhisaṅkhārasahagataṃ viññāṇañca kammabhavañca paṭisandhikañca punabbhavaṃ pajahanto vinodento byantīkaronto anabhāvaṃ gamento kammabhave na tiṭṭheyya paṭisandhike punabbhave na tiṭṭheyya na santiṭṭheyyāti – panujja viññāṇaṃ bhave na tiṭṭhe. Tenāha bhagavā –

‘‘Yaṃ kiñci sampajānāsi, [mettagūti bhagavā]

Uddhaṃ adho tiriyañcāpi majjhe;

Etesu nandiñca nivesanañca, panujja viññāṇaṃ bhave na tiṭṭhe’’ti.

25.

Evaṃvihārī sato appamatto,

Bhikkhucaraṃ hitvā mamāyitāni;

Jātiṃ jaraṃ sokapariddavañca, idheva vidvā pajaheyya dukkhaṃ.

Evaṃvihārīsato appamattoti. Evaṃvihārīti nandiñca nivesanañca abhisaṅkhārasahagataviññāṇañca kammabhavañca paṭisandhikañca punabbhavaṃ pajahanto vinodento byantīkaronto anabhāvaṃ gamentoti – evaṃvihārī. Satoti catūhi kāraṇehi sato – kāye kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvento…pe… so vuccati sato. Appamattoti sakkaccakārī sātaccakārī aṭṭhitakārī anolīnavuttī ⁶⁴ anikkhittacchando anikkhittadhuro appamatto kusalesu dhammesu – ‘‘kathāhaṃ ⁶⁵ aparipūraṃ vā sīlakkhandhaṃ paripūreyyaṃ, paripūraṃ vā sīlakkhandhaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggaṇheyya’’nti yo tattha chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ⁶⁶ ca sati ca sampajaññañca ātappaṃ padhānaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ anuyogo appamatto appamādo kusalesu dhammesu. ‘‘Kathāhaṃ aparipūraṃ vā samādhikkhandhaṃ…pe… paññākkhandhaṃ… vimuttikkhandhaṃ… vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhaṃ paripūreyyaṃ paripūraṃ vā vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggaṇheyya’’nti yo tattha chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca ātappaṃ padhānaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ anuyogo appamatto appamādo kusalesu dhammesu. ‘‘Kathāhaṃ apariññātaṃ vā dukkhaṃ parijāneyyaṃ, appahīne vā kilese pajaheyyaṃ , abhāvitaṃ vā maggaṃ bhāveyyaṃ, asacchikataṃ vā nirodhaṃ sacchikareyya’’nti yo tattha chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca ātappaṃ padhānaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ anuyogo appamatto appamādo kusalesu dhammesūti – evaṃvihārī sato appamatto.

Bhikkhu caraṃ hitvā mamāyitānīti. Bhikkhūti puthujjanakalyāṇako ⁶⁸ vā bhikkhu sekkho vā bhikkhu. Caranti caranto viharanto iriyanto vattento pālento yapento yāpento. Mamattāti dve mamattā – taṇhāmamattañca diṭṭhimamattañca…pe… idaṃ taṇhāmamattaṃ…pe… idaṃ diṭṭhimamattaṃ… taṇhāmamattaṃ pahāya diṭṭhimamattaṃ paṭinissajjitvā mamatte jahitvā cajitvā pajahitvā vinodetvā byantīkaritvā anabhāvaṃ gametvāti – bhikkhu caraṃ hitvā mamāyitāni.

Jātiṃjaraṃ sokapariddavañca, idheva vidvā pajaheyya dukkhanti. Jātīti yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ…pe… jaranti yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ…pe… sokoti ñātibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa…pe… paridevoti ñātibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa…pe… idhāti imissā diṭṭhiyā…pe… imasmiṃ manussaloke. Vidvāti vijjāgato ñāṇī vibhāvī medhāvī. Dukkhanti jātidukkhaṃ…pe… domanassupāyāsadukkhaṃ. Jātiṃ jaraṃ sokapariddavañca, idheva vidvā pajaheyya dukkhanti vijjāgato ñāṇī vibhāvī medhāvī idheva jātiñca jarañca sokapariddavañca dukkhañca pajaheyya vinodeyya byantīkareyya anabhāvaṃ gameyyāti – jātiṃ jaraṃ sokapariddavañca, idheva vidvā pajaheyya dukkhaṃ. Tenāha bhagavā –

‘‘Evaṃvihārī sato appamatto, bhikkhu caraṃ hitvā mamāyitāni;

Jātiṃ jaraṃ sokapariddavañca, idheva vidvā pajaheyya dukkha’’nti.

26.

Etābhinandāmivaco mahesino, sukittitaṃ gotamanūpadhīkaṃ;

Addhā hi bhagavā pahāsi dukkhaṃ, tathā hi te vidito esa dhammo.

Etābhinandāmi vaco mahesinoti. Etanti tuyhaṃ vacanaṃ byappathaṃ desanaṃ anusāsanaṃ anusiṭṭhaṃ nandāmi abhinandāmi modāmi anumodāmi icchāmi sādiyāmi patthayāmi pihayāmi abhijappāmi. Mahesinoti kiṃ mahesi bhagavā? Mahantaṃ sīlakkhandhaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi…pe… kahaṃ narāsabhoti mahesīti – etābhinandāmi vaco mahesino.

Sukittitaṃ gotamanūpadhīkanti. Sukittitanti sukittitaṃ suācikkhitaṃ sudesitaṃ supaññapitaṃ supaṭṭhapitaṃ suvivaritaṃ suvibhajitaṃ suuttānīkataṃ supakāsitanti – sukittitaṃ. Gotamanūpadhīkanti upadhī vuccanti kilesā ca khandhā ca abhisaṅkhārā ca. Upadhippahānaṃ upadhivūpasamaṃ upadhipaṭinissaggaṃ upadhipaṭipassaddhaṃ amataṃ nibbānanti – sukittitaṃ gotamanūpadhīkaṃ.

Addhāhi bhagavā pahāsi dukkhanti. Addhāti ekaṃsavacanaṃ nissaṃsayavacanaṃ nikkaṅkhāvacanaṃ advejjhavacanaṃ adveḷhakavacanaṃ nirodhavacanaṃ appaṇakavacanaṃ avatthāpanavacanametaṃ – addhāti. Bhagavāti gāravādhivacanametaṃ…pe… sacchikā paññatti, yadidaṃ bhagavāti. Pahāsidukkhanti jātidukkhaṃ jarādukkhaṃ byādhidukkhaṃ maraṇadukkhaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadukkhaṃ pahāsi pajahi vinodesi byantīkarosi anabhāvaṃ gamesīti – addhā hi bhagavā pahāsi dukkhaṃ.

Tathā hi te vidito esa dhammoti tathā hi te vidito tulito tīrito vibhūto vibhāvito esa dhammoti – tathā hi te vidito esa dhammo. Tenāha so brāhmaṇo –

‘‘Etābhinandāmi vaco mahesino, sukittitaṃ gotamanūpadhīkaṃ;

Addhā hi bhagavā pahāsi dukkhaṃ, tathā hi te vidito esa dhammo’’ti.

27.

Te cāpi nūnappajaheyyu dukkhaṃ, ye tvaṃ munī aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyya;

Taṃ taṃ namassāmi samecca nāga, appeva maṃ bhagavā aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyya.

Tecāpi nūnappajaheyyu dukkhanti. Te cāpīti khattiyā ca brāhmaṇā ca vessā ca suddā ca gahaṭṭhā ca pabbajitā ca devā ca manussā ca. Pajaheyyu dukkhanti jātidukkhaṃ jarādukkhaṃ byādhidukkhaṃ maraṇadukkhaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadukkhaṃ pajaheyyuṃ vinodeyyuṃ byantīkareyyuṃ anabhāvaṃ gameyyunti – te cāpi nūnappajaheyyu dukkhaṃ.

Yetvaṃ munī aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyyāti. Yeti khattiye ca brāhmaṇe ca vesse ca sudde ca gahaṭṭhe ca pabbajite ca deve ca manusse ca. Tvanti bhagavantaṃ bhaṇati. Munīti monaṃ vuccati ñāṇaṃ…pe… saṅgajālamaticca so muni. Aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyyāti aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyya sakkaccaṃ ovadeyya abhiṇhaṃ ovadeyya punappunaṃ ovadeyya anusāseyyāti – ye tvaṃ munī aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyya.

Taṃ taṃ namassāmi samecca nāgāti. Tanti bhagavantaṃ bhaṇati. Namassāmīti kāyena vā namassāmi, vācāya vā namassāmi, cittena vā namassāmi, anvatthapaṭipattiyā vā namassāmi, dhammānudhammapaṭipattiyā vā namassāmi, sakkaromi garuṃ karomi ⁷⁰ mānemi pūjemi. Sameccāti samecca abhisamecca samāgantvā abhisamāgantvā sammukhā taṃ namassāmi. Nāgāti nāgo ca bhagavā āguṃ na karotīti – nāgo, na gacchatīti – nāgo, na āgacchatīti – nāgo. Kathaṃ bhagavā āguṃ na karotīti – nāgo? Āgu vuccati pāpakā akusalā dhammā saṃkilesikā ponobhavikā sadarā dukkhavipākā āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇiyā.

Āguṃ na karoti kiñci loke, [sabhiyāti bhagavā]

Sabbasaṃyoge ⁷² visajja bandhanāni;

Sabbattha na sajjatī vimutto, nāgo tādi pavuccate tathattāti.

Evaṃ bhagavā āguṃ na karotīti – nāgo.

Kathaṃ bhagavā na gacchatīti – nāgo. Bhagavā na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, na rāgavasena gacchati, na dosavasena gacchati, na mohavasena gacchati, na mānavasena gacchati, na diṭṭhivasena gacchati, na uddhaccavasena gacchati, na vicikicchāvasena gacchati, na anusayavasena gacchati, na vaggehi dhammehi yāyati nīyati ⁷⁴ vuyhati saṃharīyati. Evaṃ bhagavā na gacchatīti – nāgo.

Kathaṃ bhagavā na āgacchatīti – nāgo. Sotāpattimaggena ye kilesā pahīnā te kilese na puneti na pacceti na paccāgacchati. Sakadāgāmimaggena…pe… anāgāmimaggena… arahattamaggena ye kilesā pahīnā te kilese na puneti na pacceti na paccāgacchati. Evaṃ bhagavā na āgacchatīti nāgoti – taṃ taṃ namassāmi samecca nāga.

Appeva maṃ bhagavā aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyyāti appeva maṃ bhagavā aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyya sakkaccaṃ ovadeyya abhiṇhaṃ ovadeyya punappunaṃ ovadeyya anusāseyyāti – appeva maṃ bhagavā aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyya. Tenāha so brāhmaṇo –

‘‘Te cāpi nūnappajaheyyu dukkhaṃ, ye tvaṃ munī aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyya;

Taṃ taṃ namassāmi samecca nāga, appeva maṃ bhagavā aṭṭhitaṃ ovadeyyā’’ti.

28.

Yaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vedagumābhijaññā, akiñcanaṃ kāmabhave asattaṃ;

Addhā hi so oghamimaṃ atāri, tiṇṇo ca pāraṃ akhilo akaṅkho.

Yaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vedagumābhijaññāti. Brāhmaṇoti sattannaṃ dhammānaṃ bāhitattā brāhmaṇo. Sakkāyadiṭṭhi bāhitā hoti, vicikicchā bāhitā hoti, sīlabbataparāmāso bāhito hoti, rāgo bāhito hoti, doso bāhito hoti, moho bāhito hoti, māno bāhito hoti. Bāhitāssa honti pāpakā akusalā dhammā saṃkilesikā ponobhavikā sadarā dukkhavipākā āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇiyā.

Bāhitvā sabbapāpakāni, [sabhiyāti bhagavā]

Vimalo sādhusamāhito ṭhitatto;

Saṃsāramaticca kevalī so, asito ⁷⁶ tādi pavuccate sa brahmā.

Vedagūti vedo vuccati catūsu maggesu ñāṇaṃ…pe… sabbaṃ vedamaticca vedagū soti. Abhijaññāti abhijāneyya ājāneyya vijāneyya paṭivijāneyya paṭivijjheyyāti – yaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vedagumābhijaññā.

Akiñcanaṃkāmabhave asattanti. Akiñcananti rāgakiñcanaṃ dosakiñcanaṃ mohakiñcanaṃ mānakiñcanaṃ diṭṭhikiñcanaṃ kilesakiñcanaṃ duccaritakiñcanaṃ, yassete kiñcanā pahīnā samucchinnā vūpasantā paṭipassaddhā abhabbuppattikā ñāṇagginā daḍḍhā, so vuccati akiñcano. Kāmāti uddānato dve kāmā – vatthukāmā ca kilesakāmā ca…pe… ime vuccanti vatthukāmā…pe… ime vuccanti kilesakāmā. Bhavāti dve bhavā – kammabhavo ca paṭisandhiko ca punabbhavo …pe… ayaṃ paṭisandhiko punabbhavo. Akiñcanaṃ kāmabhave asattanti akiñcanaṃ puggalaṃ kāmabhave ca asattaṃ alaggaṃ alaggitaṃ apalibuddhaṃ nikkhantaṃ nissaṭaṃ vippamuttaṃ visaññuttaṃ vimariyādikatena cetasā viharantanti – akiñcanaṃ kāmabhave asattaṃ.

Addhā hi so oghamimaṃ atārīti. Addhāti ekaṃsavacanaṃ…pe… avatthāpanavacanametaṃ – addhāti. Oghanti kāmoghaṃ bhavoghaṃ diṭṭhoghaṃ avijjoghaṃ. Atārīti uttari patari samatikkami vītivattayīti – addhā hi so oghamimaṃ atāri.

Tiṇṇo ca pāraṃ akhilo akaṅkhoti. Tiṇṇoti kāmoghaṃ tiṇṇo, bhavoghaṃ tiṇṇo, diṭṭhoghaṃ tiṇṇo, avijjoghaṃ tiṇṇo, saṃsārapathaṃ tiṇṇo uttiṇṇo nitthiṇṇo ⁸³ atikkanto samatikkanto vītivatto. So vutthavāso ⁸⁴ ciṇṇacaraṇo gataddho gatadiso gatakoṭiko pālitabrahmacariyo uttamadiṭṭhippatto bhāvitamaggo, pahīnakileso paṭividdhākuppo sacchikatanirodho . Dukkhaṃ tassa pariññātaṃ, samudayo pahīno, maggo bhāvito, nirodho sacchikato, abhiññeyyaṃ abhiññātaṃ, pariññeyyaṃ pariññātaṃ, pahātabbaṃ pahīnaṃ, bhāvetabbaṃ bhāvitaṃ, sacchikātabbaṃ sacchikataṃ. So ukkhittapaligho saṃkiṇṇaparikkho abbuḷhesiko niraggaḷo ariyo pannaddhajo pannabhāro visaññutto pañcaṅgavippahīno chaḷaṅgasamannāgato ekārakkho caturāpasseno panuṇṇapaccekasacco ⁸⁵ samavayasaṭṭhesano anāvilasaṅkappo passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro suvimuttacitto suvimuttapañño kevalī vusitavā uttamapuriso paramapuriso paramapattippatto. So neva ācināti na apacināti, apacinitvā ṭhito. Neva pajahati na upādiyati, pajahitvā ṭhito. Neva visineti na ussineti, visinetvā ṭhito. Neva vidhūpeti na sandhūpeti, vidhūpetvā ṭhito. Asekkhena sīlakkhandhena samannāgatattā ṭhito. Asekkhena samādhikkhandhena…pe… paññākkhandhena… vimuttikkhandhena… vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhena samannāgatattā ṭhito. Saccaṃ sampaṭipādayitvā ⁸⁶ ṭhito. Ejaṃ samatikkamitvā ṭhito. Kilesaggiṃ pariyādiyitvā ṭhito. Aparigamanatāya ṭhito. Kathaṃ ⁸⁷ samādāya ṭhito? Vimuttipaṭisevanatāya ṭhito . Mettāya pārisuddhiyā ṭhito. Karuṇāya …pe… muditāya… upekkhāya pārisuddhiyā ṭhito. Accantapārisuddhiyā ṭhito. Atammayatāya ⁸⁸ pārisuddhiyā ṭhito. Vimuttattā ṭhito. Santussitattā ṭhito. Khandhapariyante ṭhito. Dhātupariyante ṭhito. Āyatanapariyante ṭhito. Gatipariyante ṭhito. Upapattipariyante ṭhito. Paṭisandhipariyante ṭhito. Bhavapariyante ṭhito. Saṃsārapariyante ṭhito. Vaṭṭapariyante ṭhito. Antimabhave ṭhito. Antime samussaye ṭhito. Antimadehadharo arahā.

Tassāyaṃ pacchimako bhavo, carimoyaṃ samussayo;

Jātimaraṇasaṃsāro, natthi tassa punabbhavoti.

Tiṇṇo ca pāranti pāraṃ vuccati amataṃ nibbānaṃ. Yo so sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhakkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ. So pāragato pārappatto antagato antappatto koṭigato koṭippatto pariyantagato pariyantappatto vosānagato vosānappatto tāṇagato tāṇappatto leṇagato leṇappatto saraṇagato saraṇappatto abhayagato abhayappatto accutagato accutappatto amatagato amatappatto nibbānagato nibbānappatto. So vuttavāso ciṇṇacaraṇo…pe… jātimaraṇasaṃsāro, natthi tassa punabbhavoti – tiṇṇo ca pāraṃ.

Akhiloti rāgo khilo, doso khilo, moho khilo, kodho khilo, upanāho khilo…pe… sabbākusalābhisaṅkhārā khilā. Yassete khilā pahīnā samucchinnā vūpasantā paṭipassaddhā abhabbuppattikā ñāṇagginā daḍḍhā so vuccati akhilo. Akaṅkhoti dukkhe kaṅkhā, dukkhasamudaye kaṅkhā, dukkhanirodhe kaṅkhā, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya kaṅkhā, pubbante kaṅkhā, aparante kaṅkhā, pubbantāparante kaṅkhā, idappaccayatāpaṭiccasamuppannesu dhammesu kaṅkhā, yā evarūpā kaṅkhā kaṅkhāyanā kaṅkhāyitattaṃ vimati vicikicchā dveḷhakaṃ dvedhāpatho saṃsayo anekaṃsaggāho āsappanā parisappanā apariyogāhanā chambhitattaṃ cittassa manovilekho. Yassete kaṅkhā pahīnā samucchinnā vūpasantā paṭipassaddhā abhabbuppattikā ñāṇagginā daḍḍhā so vuccati akaṅkhoti – tiṇṇo ca pāraṃ akhilo akaṅkho. Tenāha bhagavā –

‘‘Yaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vedagumābhijaññā, akiñcanaṃ kāmabhave asattaṃ;

Addhā hi so oghamimaṃ atāri, tiṇṇo ca pāraṃ akhilo akaṅkho’’ti.

29.

Vidvāca yo vedagū naro idha,bhavābhave saṅgamimaṃ visajja;

So vītataṇho anīgho nirāso, atāri so jātijaranti brūmi.

Vidvā ca yo vedagū naro idhāti. Vidvāti vijjāgato ñāṇī vibhāvī medhāvī. Yoti yo yādiso…pe… manusso vā. Vedagūti vedā vuccanti catūsu maggesu ñāṇaṃ paññā paññindriyaṃ paññābalaṃ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo vīmaṃsā vipassanā sammādiṭṭhi ⁹⁰. Tehi vedehi jātijarāmaraṇassa antagato antappatto koṭigato koṭippatto pariyantagato pariyantappatto vosānagato vosānappatto tāṇagato tāṇappatto leṇagato leṇappatto saraṇagato saraṇappatto abhayagato abhayappatto accutagato accutappatto amatagato amatappatto nibbānagato nibbānappatto. Vedānaṃ vā antagatoti vedagū, vedehi vā antagatoti vedagū, sattannaṃ vā dhammānaṃ viditattā vedagū. Sakkāyadiṭṭhi viditā hoti, vicikicchā…pe… sīlabbataparāmāso… rāgo… doso… moho… māno vidito hoti. Viditāssa honti pāpakā akusalā dhammā saṃkilesikā ponobhavikā sadarā dukkhavipākā āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇiyā.

Vedāni viceyya kevalāni, [sabhiyāti bhagavā]

Samaṇānaṃ yānīdhatthi brāhmaṇānaṃ;

Sabbavedanāsu vītarāgo, sabbaṃ vedamaticca vedagū so.

Naroti satto naro mānavo poso puggalo jīvo jāgu ⁹³ jantu indagu ⁹⁴ manujo. Idhāti imissā diṭṭhiyā…pe… imasmiṃ manussaloketi – vidvā ca yo vedagū naro idha.

Bhavābhave saṅgamimaṃ visajjāti. Bhavābhaveti bhavābhave kammabhave punabbhave kāmabhave, kammabhave kāmabhave punabbhave rūpabhave, kammabhave rūpabhave punabbhave arūpabhave, kammabhave arūpabhave punabbhave punappunabhave, punappunagatiyā punappunaupapattiyā punappunapaṭisandhiyā punappunaattabhāvābhinibbattiyā. Saṅgāti satta saṅgā – rāgasaṅgo, dosasaṅgo, mohasaṅgo, mānasaṅgo, diṭṭhisaṅgo, kilesasaṅgo, duccaritasaṅgo. Visajjāti saṅge vosajjetvā vā visajja. Atha vā, saṅge bandhe vibandhe ābandhe lagge laggite palibuddhe bandhane phoṭayitvā ⁹⁶ vā visajja. Yathā yānaṃ vā vayhaṃ vā rathaṃ vā sakaṭaṃ vā sandamānikaṃ vā sajjaṃ visajjaṃ karonti vikopenti – evameva te saṅge vosajjetvā vā visajja. Atha vā, saṅge bandhe vibandhe ābandhe lagge laggite palibuddhe bandhane phoṭayitvā vā visajjāti – bhavābhave saṅgamimaṃ visajja.

So vītataṇho anīgho nirāso, atāri so jātijaranti brūmīti. Taṇhāti rūpataṇhā…pe… dhammataṇhā… yassesā taṇhā pahīnā samucchinnā vūpasantā paṭipassaddhā abhabbuppattikā ñāṇagginā daḍḍhā, so vuccati vītataṇho vigatataṇho cattataṇho vantataṇho muttataṇho pahīnataṇho paṭinissaṭṭhataṇho vītarāgo cattarāgo pahīnarāgo paṭinissaṭṭharāgo nicchāto nibbuto sītibhūto sukhappaṭisaṃvedī brahmabhūtena attanā viharatīti – so vītataṇho. Anīghoti rāgo nīgho, doso nīgho, moho nīgho, kodho nīgho, upanāho nīgho…pe… sabbākusalābhisaṅkhārā nīghā. Yassete nīghā pahīnā samucchinnā vūpasantā paṭipassaddhā abhabbuppattikā ñāṇagginā daḍḍhā, so vuccati anīgho. Nirāsoti āsā vuccati taṇhā. Yo rāgo sārāgo…pe… abhijjhā lobho akusalamūlaṃ. Yassesā āsā taṇhā pahīnā samucchinnā vūpasantā paṭipassaddhā abhabbuppattikā ñāṇagginā daḍḍhā, so vuccati nirāso. Jātīti yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ…pe… āyatanānaṃ paṭilābho. Jarāti yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ …pe… indriyānaṃ paripāko. Ayaṃ vuccati jarā. So vītataṇho anīgho nirāso, atāri so jātijaranti brūmīti yo so vītataṇho anīgho ca nirāso ca, so kho jātijarāmaraṇaṃ atari uttari patari samatikkami vītivattayīti brūmi ācikkhāmi desemi paññapemi paṭṭhapemi vivarāmi vibhajāmi uttānīkaromi pakāsemīti – so vītataṇho anīgho nirāso, atāri so jātijaranti brūmi. Tenāha bhagavā –

‘‘Vidvā ca yo vedagū naro idha, bhavābhave saṅgamimaṃ visajja;

So vītataṇho anīgho nirāso, atāri so jātijaranti brūmī’’ti.

Saha gāthāpariyosānā…pe… satthā me, bhante bhagavā, sāvakohamasmīti.

Mettagūmāṇavapucchāniddeso catuttho.