Library / English Dictionary

NUCLEOTIDE

Pronunciation (US):

(GB):

 I. (noun) 

Sense 1

Meaning:

A phosphoric ester of a nucleoside; the basic structural unit of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)

Synonyms:

base; nucleotide

Classified under:

Nouns denoting substances

Hypernyms ("nucleotide" is a kind of...):

ester (organic compound formed by reaction between an acid and an alcohol with elimination of water)

Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "nucleotide"):

base pair (one of the pairs of chemical bases joined by hydrogen bonds that connect the complementary strands of a DNA molecule or of an RNA molecule that has two strands; the base pairs are adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine in DNA and adenine with uracil and guanine with cytosine in RNA)

adenosine monophosphate; adenylic acid; AMP (a nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism; reversibly convertible to ADP and ATP)

adenosine diphosphate; ADP (an ester of adenosine that is converted to ATP for energy storage)

adenosine triphosphate; ATP (a nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissue; the major source of energy for cellular reactions)

A; deoxyadenosine monophosphate; C; deoxycytidine monophosphate; deoxyguanosine monophosphate; G; deoxythymidine monophosphate; T (one of the four nucleotides used in building DNA; all four nucleotides have a common phosphate group and a sugar (ribose))

muton (the smallest unit of DNA where a mutation can occur)

polynucleotide ((biochemistry) a linear polymer whose molecule is composed of many nucleotide units constituting a section of a nucleic acid molecule)

oligo; oligonucleotide ((biochemistry) a polynucleotide whose molecules contain relatively few nucleotides)

U; uracil (a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine)

Credits

 Context examples: 

MIR518E pre-miRNA (88 nucleotides) is encoded by the human MIR518E gene.

(MIR518E Pre-miRNA, NCI Thesaurus)

This allele, which encodes A-kinase anchor protein 13, is involved in both the regulation of the localization of protein kinase A and the stimulation of guanidine nucleotide exchange factors.

(AKAP13 wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)

An adenine nucleotide comprised of three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety, found in all living cells.

(Adenosine triphosphate, NCI Thesaurus)

In this study, 74 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified.

(Researchers identify genetic links to educational attainment, NIH)

This allele, which encodes Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 protein, is involved in the regulation of G protein coupled receptor signal transduction.

(ARHGEF1 wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)

This allele, which encodes Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5 protein, plays a role in both Rho signal transduction and cytoskeletal organization.

(ARHGEF5 wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)

This allele, which encodes Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 protein, plays a role in signaling, apoptosis, and cell proliferation.

(ARHGEF2 wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)

This protein is involved in both lipoprotein binding and nucleotide metabolism.

(NAD(P)H-Hydrate Epimerase, NCI Thesaurus)

This allele, which encodes rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 7 protein, is involved in the regulation of both GTPase-mediated signaling and apoptosis.

(ARHGEF7 wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)

The most thoroughly studied cancer-associated mutations involve the substitution of one nucleotide of DNA for another in genes known as oncogenes and tumor suppressors.

(Researchers uncover role of repetitive DNA and protein sequences in tumor evolution, National Institutes of Health)