Pārājikakaṇḍaṃ

1. Paṭhamapārājikavaṇṇanā

Idha pana ṭhatvā sikkhāpadānaṃ kamabhedo pakāsetabbo. Kathaṃ – sabbasikkhāpadānaṃ yathāsambhavaṃ desanākkamo, pahānakkamo, paṭipattikkamo, uppattikkamoti catubbidho kamo labbhati. Tattha bhagavatā rājagahe bhikkhūnaṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ anujānantena pātimokkhuddesassa yo desanākkamo anuññāto, taṃ desanākkamaṃ anukkamantova mahākassapo paṭhamaṃ pārājikuddesaṃ pucchi, tadanantaraṃ saṅghādisesuddesaṃ, tadanantaraṃ aniyatuddesaṃ, tadanantaraṃ vitthāruddesaṃ. Tadanantaraṃ bhikkhunivibhaṅgañca teneva anukkamena pucchi. Tato paraṃ tayo āpattikkhandhe saṅgahetuṃ vinā gaṇanaparicchedena sekhiyadhamme pucchi. Āpattikkhandhe sabhāgato paṭṭhāya pucchanto vīsatikhandhake pucchi. Nidānuddesantogadhānaṃ vā sarūpena anuddiṭṭhānaṃ pucchanatthaṃ khandhake pucchi. Etena khandhake paññattā thullaccayāpi saṅgahitā honti. Pucchitānukkameneva āyasmā upālitthero byākāsi. Ayamettha desanākkamo. Ubhatovibhaṅgakhandhakato pana uccinitvā tadā parivāro visuṃ pāḷi kato, imameva vacanaṃ sandhāya aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘eteneva upāyena khandhakaṃ parivārepi āropayiṃsū’’tiādi (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgaītikathā). Apica pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘eteneva upāyena ubhatovibhaṅge pucchi. Puṭṭho puṭṭho āyasmā upāli vissajjesī’’ti (cūḷava. 439) ettakameva vuttaṃ. Tasmā thero ubhatovibhaṅge eva pucchi. Vissajjanto pana āyasmā upāli niravasesaṃ dassento khandhakaparivāre anto katvā desesi. Gaṇasajjhāyakāle pana tadā khandhakaparivārā visuṃ pāḷi katāti ayamettha desanākkamo.

Yadi evaṃ nidānuddeso paṭhamadesanāti ce? Na, uposathakkhandhake (mahāva. 133) ‘‘yāni mayā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadāni paññattāni, tāni nesaṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ anujāneyya’’nti vacanato, ‘‘yassa siyā āpattī’’ti (mahāva. 134) vacanato ca. Akusalābyākatānaṃ āpattīnaṃ diṭṭhadhammasamparāyikāsavaṭṭhāniyattā yathābhūtaṃ sīlasaṃvarakena parivajjanena pahātabbattā pahānakkamopettha sambhavati ‘‘tāvadeva cattāri akaraṇīyāni ācikkhitabbānī’’ti vacanato. Tathā ‘‘samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesū’’ti (ma. ni. 3.75; vibha. 508) vacanato yathābhūtaṃ ācikkhanasikkhanena paṭipattikkamopi sambhavati. Yathuddesakkamaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbapariyattiatthenāpi paṭipattikkamo, evamimehi tīhi kamehi desetabbānametesaṃ sikkhāpadānaṃ yathāsambhavaṃ uppattikkamo sambhavati. Tathā hi yaṃ yaṃ sādhāraṇaṃ, taṃ taṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha uppanne eva vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yā pana bhikkhunī chandaso methunaṃ dhamma’’ntiādinā nayena bhikkhunīnampi paññattaṃ. Yato bhikkhunīnaṃ taṃ anuppannapaññatti na siyā, tato anuppannapaññatti tasmiṃ natthīti (pari. 201-202) parivāravacanaṃ na virujjhati. Ettāvatā purimena kamattayena yaṃ paṭhamaṃ desetabbaṃ, taṃ pārājikuddese paṭhamuppannattā methunadhammapārājikaṃ sabbapaṭhamaṃ desetukāmo āyasmā upālitthero ‘‘tatra sudaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharatī’’ti (pārā. 23) vesāliyameva pāpetvā ṭhapesi.

Idāni sabbesaṃ sikkhāpadānaṃ paññāpanavidhānaṃ veditabbaṃ. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyāthā’’ti (pārā. 39, 43) evaṃ sauddesaanuddesabhedato duvidhaṃ. Tattha pātimokkhe sarūpato āgatā pañca āpattikkhandhā sauddesapaññatti nāma. Sāpi dvidhā sapuggalāpuggalaniddesabhedato. Tattha yassā paññattiyā anto āpattiyā saha, vinā vā puggalo dassito, sā sapuggalaniddesā. Itarā apuggalaniddesā.

Tattha sapuggalaniddesā dvidhā adassitadassitāpattibhedato. Tattha adassitāpattikā nāma aṭṭha pārājikā dhammā veditabbā. ‘‘Pārājiko hoti asaṃvāso’’ti (pārā. 39, 44, 89, 91, 167, 171, 195, 197) hi puggalova tattha dassito, nāpatti. Dassitāpattikā nāma bhikkhunipātimokkhe āgatā sattarasa saṅghādisesā dhammā. ‘‘Ayampi bhikkhunī paṭhamāpattikaṃ dhammaṃ āpannā nissāraṇīyaṃ saṅghādisesa’’nti (pāci. 683, 687) hi tattha āpatti dassitā saddhiṃ puggalena.

Tathā apuggalaniddesāpi adassitadassitāpattibhedato dvidhā. Tattha adassitāpattikā nāma sekhiyā dhammā. Vuttāvasesā dassitāpattikāti veditabbā.

Sāpi dvidhā aniddiṭṭhakārakaniddiṭṭhakārakabhedato. Tattha aniddiṭṭhakārakā nāma sukkavisaṭṭhimusāvādomasavādapesuññabhūtagāmaaññavādakaujjhāpanakagaṇabhojanaparamparabhojanasurāmerayaaṅgulipatodakahasadhammaanādariyatalaghātakajatumaṭṭhakasikkhāpadānaṃ vasena pañcadasavidhā honti. Tattha niddiṭṭhakārake missāmissabhedo veditabbo – tattha upayogabhummavibhattiyo ekaṃsena missā. Avasesā missā ca amissā ca. Seyyathidaṃ – paccattaṃ tāva dvīsu aniyatesu upayogena missaṃ, dvādasasu pāṭidesanīyesu karaṇena missaṃ, ūnapañcabandhanapattasikkhāpadesu sāmikaraṇehi, ūnavīsativasse bhummena, mohanake upayogasāmibhummehi. Yasmā ‘‘vivaṇṇaka’’nti bhāvo adhippeto, na kattā, tasmā vivaṇṇakasikkhāpadaṃ yadā na sambhavati, evaṃ paccattaṃ pañcavidhaṃ missaṃ hoti. Sesesu paṭhamāniyataṃ ṭhapetvā ādimhi ‘‘yo pana bhikkhū’’ti evamāgataṃ paccattaṃ vā, dutiyāniyataṃ ṭhapetvā paṇītabhojanasamaṇuddesatatiyacatutthapāṭidesanīyasikkhāpadesu majjhe ‘‘yo pana bhikkhū’’ti evamāgataṃ paccattaṃ vā, dubbacakuladūsakasaṃsaṭṭhasikkhāpadesu ādimhi kevalaṃ ‘‘bhikkhū’’ti āgataṃ paccattaṃ vā, bhedānuvattakasikkhāpade majjhe āgataṃ paccattaṃ vā aññāya vibhattiyā amissameva hoti. Tattha bhedānuvattakatuvaṭṭanadvayasaṃsaṭṭhadutiyapāṭidesanīyasikkhāpadesu bahuvacanaṃ, itarattha sabbattha ekavacanamevāti veditabbaṃ.

Tathā upayogo dvīsu vikappanasikkhāpadesu, tantavāyasikkhāpade ca paccattena misso, abhihaṭasikkhāpade karaṇena, rājasikkhāpade karaṇasāmipaccattehīti upayogo tidhā misso hoti. Karaṇañca kuṭikāramahallakadutiyakathinadvebhāganisīdanasanthatadubbaṇṇakaraṇasikkhāpadesu chasu paccattena missaṃ, paṭhamatatiyakathinaaṭṭhaṅgulapādakanisīdanakaṇḍuppaṭicchādikavassikasāṭikaudakasāṭikadvedhammapaccāsīsanasikkhāpadesu aṭṭhasu sāminā missanti karaṇaṃ dvidhā missaṃ hoti. Avasesesu chabbassavassikasāṭikadvatticchadanāvasathapiṇḍamahānāmagarulahupāvuraṇasikkhāpadesu sattasu karaṇavibhatti aññavibhattiyā amissā, accekaeḷakalomasikkhāpadesu sāmivibhatti karaṇavibhattiyā missā. Atirekapattabhesajjasikkhāpadesu aggahitaggahaṇena sāmivibhatti amissāva hotīti veditabbā. Evaṃ tāva niddiṭṭhakārakesu sikkhāpadesu –

Pañcadhā ca tidhā ceva, dvidhā cepi tathekadhā;

Bhinnā vibhattiyo pañca, sabbekādasadhā siyuṃ.

Evaṃ tāva yathāvuttesu sauddesapaññattisaṅkhātesu sikkhāpadesu aggahitaggahaṇena paññāsuttaresu tisatesu navutianiddiṭṭhakārake vajjetvā niddiṭṭhakārakāni atirekasaṭṭhidvisatāni honti. Tesu paccattakaraṇāni tiṃsuttarāni dvisatāni honti. Tesu amissapaccattakaraṇāni dvādasuttarāni dvisatāni, missapaccattakaraṇāni aṭṭhārasa honti. Avasesesu tiṃsatiyā sikkhāpadesu missopayogakaraṇāni pañca honti, missakaraṇāni cuddasa, amissāni satta, missāmissakaraṇāni dve, amissāni dveti sabbesupi niddiṭṭhakārakesu bhedānuvattakadubbacakuladūsakapaṭhamadutiyatatiyakathinaabhihaṭakuṭikāramahallakavikappanadvayadvebhāgachabbassanisīdanasanthataeḷakalomātirekapattabhesajjavassikasāṭikatantavāyaaccekachārattadva pañcattiṃsesu ‘‘yo pana bhikkhū’’ti natthi. Dutiyāniyatapaṇītabhojanasamaṇuddesatatiyacatutthapāṭidesanīyesu majjhe atthi.

Ettāvatā sauddesānuddesadukaṃ, sapuggalāpuggalaniddesadukaṃ, paccekadassitāpattidukadvayaṃ, aniddiṭṭhakārakadukaṃ, tattha niddiṭṭhakārakesu paccattabhummadukaṃ, sayopanāyopanadukaṃ, ayopanamajjheyopanadukaṃ, ekānekavacanadukanti nava dukāni dassitāni honti. Visesakāraṇaṃ tasmiṃ tasmiṃ sikkhāpade sampatte āvibhavissati. Evaṃ tāva sauddesapaññattiṃ ñatvā sesavinayapiṭake yā kāci paññatti anuddesapaññattīti veditabbā. Sā padabhājanantarāpattivinītavatthupaṭikkhepapaññattiavuttasiddhisikkhāpadavasena chabbidhā hoti.

Tattha ‘‘yebhuyyena khayite āpatti thullaccayassa (pari. 157-158), vaṭṭakate mukhe acchupantassa āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti (pārā. 73) evamādikā padabhājane sandissamānāpatti padabhājanasikkhāpadaṃ nāma. ‘‘Na ca, bhikkhave, sabbamattikāmayā kuṭi kātabbā, yo kareyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’tiādi (pārā. 85) antarāpattisikkhāpadaṃ nāma. ‘‘Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, divāpaṭisallīyantena dvāraṃ saṃvaritvā paṭisallīyitu’’nti (pārā. 77) evamādi vinītavatthusikkhāpadaṃ nāma. ‘‘Saṅghabhedako, bhikkhave, anupasampanno na upasampādetabbo’’ti (mahāva. 115) evamādi paṭikkhepasikkhāpadaṃ nāma.

Yasmā pana tena tena paṭikkhepena ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu samaggaṃ saṅghaṃ adhammasaññī bhindeyya, pārājiko hoti asaṃvāso. Yo pana bhikkhu duṭṭhacitto bhagavato jīvamānakasarīre lohitaṃ uppādeyya, pārājiko hoti asaṃvāso’’ti sikkhāpadāni paññattāni honti. Yāni sandhāya ‘‘ekassa chejjakā hoti, catunnaṃ thullaccayaṃ, catunnañceva anāpatti, sabbesaṃ ekavatthukā’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Atthāpatti tiṭṭhante bhagavati āpajjati, no parinibbute’’ti (pari. 323) ca vuttaṃ. Tena na kevalaṃ ‘‘na, bhikkhave, jānaṃ saṅghabhedako anupasampanno upasampādetabbo…pe… āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti idameva sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti sādhakaṃ hoti. ‘‘Paṇḍako, bhikkhave, anupasampanno na upasampādetabbo, upasampanno nāsetabbo’’ti (mahāva. 109) evamādīsu pana upajjhāyādīnaṃ dukkaṭameva paññattaṃ, na paṇḍakādīnaṃ pārājikāpatti. Na hi tesaṃ bhikkhubhāvo atthi. Yato siyā pārājikāpatti. Tathā ‘‘na acchinne theve pakkamitabba’’nti (mahāva. 66, 67, 78, 79) evamādikañca paṭikkhepasikkhāpadameva nāma.

Khandhakesu paññattadukkaṭathullaccayāni paññattisikkhāpadaṃ nāma. ‘‘Tena hi, sāriputta, bhedānuvattake thullaccayaṃ desāpehī’’ti (cūḷava. 345) vuttaṃ, thullaccayampi tattheva samodhānaṃ gacchati. Idaṃ tesaṃ vibhattikammakkhaṇe apaññattattā avijjamānampi bhagavato vacanena visuddhakkhaṇepi vijjamānaṃ jātanti eke. ‘‘Bhedānuvattake desāpehī’’ti vacanato sesabhedānuvattakānaṃ ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu jānaṃ saṅghabhedakānaṃ anuvatteyya, āpatti thullaccayassā’’ti sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hotīti veditabbaṃ. Tathā sabbāni khandhakavattāni, vinayakammāni ca tattheva samodhānaṃ gacchanti. Yathāha ‘‘paññatte taṃ upāli mayā āgantukānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ āgantukavattaṃ…pe… evaṃ supaññatte kho mayā upāli sikkhāpade’’tiādi. ‘‘Yā pana bhikkhunī naccaṃ vā gītaṃ vā vāditaṃ vā dassanāya gaccheyya , pācittiya’’nti (pāci. 834) iminā suttena bhikkhunī nacceyya vā gāyeyya vā vādeyya vā, pācittiyanti evamādikaṃ yaṃ kiñci aṭṭhakathāya dissamānaṃ āpattijātaṃ vinayakammaṃ vā avuttasiddhisikkhāpadaṃ nāma. Chabbidhampetaṃ chahi ākārehi uddesārahaṃ na hotīti anuddesasikkhāpadaṃ nāmāti veditabbaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ – pañcahi uddesehi yathāsambhavaṃ visabhāgattā thullaccayadubbhāsitānaṃ sabhāgavatthukampi dukkaṭathullaccayadvayaṃ asabhāgāpattikattā antarāpattipaññattisikkhāpadānaṃ, nānāvatthukāpattikattā paṭikkhepasikkhāpadānaṃ, kesañci vinītavatthupaññattisikkhāpadānañca adassitāpattikattā, adassitavatthukattā bhedānuvattakathullaccayassa, adassitāpattivatthukattā avuttasiddhisikkhāpadānanti. Ettāvatā ‘‘duvidhaṃ sikkhāpadapaññāpanaṃ sauddesānuddesabhedato’’ti yaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ samāsato pakāsitaṃ hoti.

Paññattiyaṃ tāva –

‘‘Kārako idha niddiṭṭho, apekkhāya abhāvato;

Pubbe vattabbavidhānā-bhāvato ca ādito yopanena sahā’’ti. –

Ayaṃ nayo veditabbo. Tassattho – ye te aniddiṭṭhakārakā pubbe vuttappabhedā sukkavisaṭṭhiādayo sikkhāpadavisesā, tesu adhippāyakammavatthupuggalapayoge apekkhāya bhāvato kārako na niddiṭṭho tesaṃ sāpekkhabhāvadassanatthaṃ. Taṃ sabbaṃ tasmiṃ tasmiṃ sikkhāpade āvibhavissati, idha pana pārājikapaññattiyaṃ apekkhāya abhāvato kārako niddiṭṭho. Yo pana kārako ‘‘niṭṭhitacīvarasmiṃ bhikkhunā ubbhatasmi’’ntiādīsu (pārā. 462, 472, 475) viya pubbe vattabbavidhānābhāvato karaṇādivasena aniddisitvā paccattavasena niddiṭṭho apekkhāya abhāvato. Tattha niddisiyamāno sesadutiyāniyatapaṇītabhojanaṃ samaṇuddesatatiyacatautthapāṭidesanīyesu viya majjhe aniddisitvā ‘‘na heva kho pana…pe… obhāsitu’’ntiādi (pārā. 453) viya pubbe vattabbavidhānābhāvato eva ādimhi niddiṭṭho. Ādimhi niddisiyamānopi pubbe vuttappabhedesu bhedānuvattakādīsu pañcattiṃsesu sikkhāpadesu viya aniddisitvā pubbe vattabbavidhānābhāvato eva ‘‘yo pana bhikkhū’’tiāditova yopana-saddena saha niddiṭṭho. Evaṃ niddisiyamānopi so yasmā ‘‘yā pana bhikkhuniyo dve ekamañce tuvaṭṭeyyu’’ntiādi (pāci. 933) āpatti viya parappabhavaṃ āpattiṃ na āpajjati, tasmā ‘‘yo pana bhikkhū’’ti ekavacanena niddiṭṭho. Methunadhammāpattipi parappabhavā ‘‘dvayaṃdvayasamāpattī’’ti (pārā. 39) vacanatoti ce? Taṃ na, adhippāyajānanato. Anekissā eva bhikkhuniyā āpatti, na ekissāti niyamo tattha atthi, na evaṃ idha niyamoti aniyamitādhippāyo. Lambīmudupiṭṭhīnaṃ kuto ‘‘dvayaṃdvayasamāpattī’’ti (pārā. 55) vacanato tesaṃ methunadhammāpatti. Ayamattho catasso methunadhammapaccayāti aṭṭhavatthukaṃ sandhāya ‘‘chejjaṃ siyā methunadhammapaccayā’’ti (pari. 481) ca parivāre vuttavacanena sādhetabbo.

Bhedānuvattakasikkhāpade tiṇṇaṃ uddhaṃ na samanubhāsitabbā, na saṅghena saṅghaṃ ekato kātabbanti. Nayadassanatthaṃ āditova ‘‘bhikkhū hontī’’ti bahuvacananiddesaṃ katvā puna ‘‘eko vā dve vā tayo vā’’ti (pārā. 418) vuttaṃ, aññathā na tato uddhaṃ ‘‘anuvattakā hontī’’ti āpajjati. Tato nidānavirodho. Pañcasatamattā hi tadanuvattakā ahesuṃ. Yaṃ pana sattasatikakkhandhake ‘‘saṅgho cattāro pācīnake bhikkhū, cattāro pāveyyake bhikkhū sammanneyya …pe… sammatā’’tiādi (cūḷava. 456) ñattidutiyakammaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ ‘‘ubbāhikāya imaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametu’’nti vuttattā tehi kattabbavidhānaṃ. Sammutikaraṇameva vā tatiyaṃ katvā kappati. Na hi te tena kammena kammārahā kammakatā honti. Yassa saṅgho kammaṃ karoti, so kammārahoti lakkhaṇaṃ. Na ca tadā saṅgho tesaṃ aṭṭhannampi bhikkhūnaṃ kammaṃ akāsi. Bhajāpiyamānā te kammapattabhāvaṃ bhajanti. Adhikaraṇavūpasamakammassa pattā yuttā saṅghena katāti katvā kammapattā eva hi te honti. ‘‘Te bhikkhū bhikkhūhi yāvatatiyaṃ samanubhāsitabbā tassa paṭinissaggāyā’’ti (pārā. 418) vacanato tehi kattabbavidhānaṃ. Sammutikaraṇameva kammaṃ hotīti ce? Taṃ na, adhippāyajānanato, tassa paṭinissaggāya eva te bhikkhū kammārahā kātabbā, na dosāgativasenāti ayamettha adhippāyo. Na hi pācīnakādīnaṃ sammutiyā adhikaraṇavūpasamasiddhi viya tesaṃ samanubhāsanakammena tassa paṭinissaggasiddhi hoti, sammuti nāmesā paṭhamaṃ anumatiṃ gahetvā yācitvāva karīyati, na tathā kammanti. Kammakaraṇe pana tadatthasiddhi hotiyeva. Parasammutiyā bahutarāva sammannitabbāti veditabbaṃ.

‘‘Methunadhamma’’nti evaṃ bāhullanayena laddhanāmakaṃ sakapayogena vā parapayogena vā attano nimittassa sakamagge vā paramagge vā paranimittassa vā sakamagge eva pavesanapaviṭṭhaṭṭhitauddharaṇesu yaṃ kiñci ekaṃ paṭisādiyanavasena seveyya, pārājiko hoti asaṃvāsoti. Keci pana ‘‘pavesanādīni cattāri vā tīṇi vā dve vā ekaṃ vā paṭiseveyya, pārājiko hoti. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘so ce pavesanaṃ sādiyati, paviṭṭhaṃ sādiyati, ṭhitaṃ sādiyati, uddharaṇaṃ sādiyati, āpatti pārājikassā’tiādī’’ti (pārā. 58) vadanti. Tesaṃ matena catūsupi catasso pārājikāpattiyo āpajjati. Teyeva evaṃ vadanti – āpajjatu methunadhammapārājikāpatti, methunadhammapārājikāpattiyā taṃbhāgiyāti attano vītikkame pārājikāpattiyo, saṅghādisesāpattiñca āpajjitvā sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya gahaṭṭhakāle methunādikaṃ pārājikaṃ āpajjitvā puna pabbajitvā upasampajjitvā ekaṃ saṅghādisesāpattiṃ ekamanekaṃ vā paṭikaritvāva so puggalo yasmā nirāpattiko hoti, tasmā so gahaṭṭhakāle sāpattikovāti. Antimavatthuajjhāpannassāpi attheva āpatti. Vuṭṭhānadesanāhi pana asujjhanato ‘‘payoge payoge āpatti pārājikassā’’ti na vuttaṃ. Gaṇanapayojanābhāvato kiñcāpi na vuttaṃ, atha kho padabhājane (pārā. 58) ‘‘āpatti pārājikassā’’ti vacanenāyamattho siddhoti yuttiñca vadanti.

Yadi evaṃ mātikāyampi ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭiseveyya, pārājika’’nti vattabbaṃ bhaveyya, pārājikassa anavasesavacanampi na yujjeyya. Sabbepi hi āpattikkhandhe, bhikkhugaṇanañca anavasesetvā tiṭṭhatīti anavasesavacananti katvā paveseva āpatti, na paviṭṭhādīsu. Tamevekaṃ sandhāya ‘‘yassa siyā āpattī’’ti (mahāva. 134) pārājikāpattimpi anto katvā nidānuddesavacanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tasmā mātikāyaṃ ‘‘pārājika’’nti avatvā ‘‘pārājiko hotī’’ti (pārā. 42, 44) puggalaniddesavacanaṃ tena sarīrabandhanena upasampadāya abhabbabhāvadīpanatthaṃ. ‘‘Āpatti pārājikassā’’ti padabhājane vacanaṃ antimavatthuṃ ajjhāpannassāpi pārājikassa asaṃvāsassa sato puggalassa atheyyasaṃvāsakabhāvadīpanatthaṃ. Na hi so saṃvāsaṃ sādiyantopi theyyasaṃvāsako hoti, tasmā upasampanno ‘‘bhikkhū’’tveva vuccati. Tenevāha ‘‘asuddho hoti puggalo aññataraṃ pārājikaṃ dhammaṃ ajjhāpanno, tañce suddhadiṭṭhi samāno anokāsaṃ kārāpetvā akkosādhippāyo vadati, āpatti omasavādena dukkaṭassā’’ti (pārā. 389) anupasampannassa tadabhāvato siddho so upasampanno ‘‘bhikkhū’’tveva vuccatīti, tena padasodhammaṃ, sahaseyyañca janeti, bhikkhupesuññādiñca janetīti veditabbaṃ (vajira. ṭī. pārājika 39).

Nidānā mātikābhedo, vibhaṅgo tanniyāmako;

Tato āpattiyā bhedo, anāpatti tadaññathāti. (vajira. ṭī. pārājika 43-44) –

Ayaṃ nayo veditabbo. Tattha sudinnavatthu (pārā. 24 ādayo)-makkaṭivatthu (pārā. 40 ādayo)-vajjiputtakavatthu (pārā. 43) cāti tippabhedavatthu imassa sikkhāpadassa nidānaṃ nāma. Tato nidānā ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ…pe… asaṃvāso’’ti (pārā. 44) imissā mātikāya bhedo jāto. Tattha hi ‘‘antamaso tiracchānagatāyā’’ti (pārā. 44) itthiliṅgavasena ‘‘saccaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, tañca kho itthiyā, no purise, no paṇḍake, no ubhatobyañjanake cā’’ti makkaṭipārājiko viya aññopi lesaṃ oḍḍetuṃ sakkoti, tasmā tādisassa alesokāsassa dassanatthaṃ idaṃ vuccati, makkaṭisaṅkhātā nidānā ‘‘antamaso tiracchānagatāyapī’’ti mātikāya vacanabhedo, na itthiyā eva methunasiddhidassanato. Tasmā vibhaṅgo tanniyāmako tassā mātikāya adhippetatthaniyāmako vibhaṅgoti. Vibhaṅge hi ‘‘tisso itthiyo, tayo ubhatobyañjanakā, tayo paṇḍakā, tayo purisā. Manussitthiyā tayo magge, tiracchānagatapurisassa dve magge’’tiādinā (pārā. 56) nayena sabbalesokāsaṃ pidahitvā niyamo kato. Etthāha – yadi evaṃ sādhāraṇasikkhāpadavasena vā liṅgaparivattanavasena vā na kevalaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ, bhikkhunīnampi ‘‘sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno’’ti vibhaṅge vattabbaṃ siyā. Tadavacanena hi bhikkhunī purisaliṅgapātubhāvena bhikkhubhāve ṭhitā evaṃ vadeyya ‘‘nāhaṃ upasampadākaraṇakāle bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpannā, tasmā na apaccakkhātasikkhāpi methunadhammena pārājikā homī’’ti. Vuccate – yathā vuttaṃ, tathā na vattabbaṃ aniṭṭhappasaṅgato. Tathā vutte bhikkhunīnampi sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ atthīti āpajjati. Tañcāniṭṭhaṃ. Idamaparamaniṭṭhaṃ ‘‘sabbasikkhāpadāni sādhāraṇāneva nāsādhāraṇānī’’ti. Apicāyaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpannāva hotīti dassanatthaṃ ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, taṃyeva upajjhaṃ tameva upasampadaṃ tāni vassāni bhikkhūhi saṅgamitu’’ntiādi (pārā. 69) vuttaṃ. Tato āpattiyā bhedoti tato vibhaṅgato ‘‘akkhayite sarīre pārājikaṃ, yebhuyyena khayite thullaccaya’’ntiādi (pārā. 73, pari. 157) āpattiyā bhedo hoti. Anāpatti tadaññathāti tato eva vibhaṅgato yena ākārena āpatti vuttā, tato aññenākārena anāpattibhedova hoti. ‘‘Sādiyati, āpatti pārājikassa, na sādiyati, anāpattī’’ti hi vibhaṅge asati na paññāyati. Ettāvatā ‘‘nidānā mātikābhedo’’ti ayaṃ gāthā samāsato vuttatthā hoti. Visesakāraṇaṃ pana tasmiṃ tasmiṃ sikkhāpade āvibhavissati.

Paṭhamapaññatti tāva paṭhamabodhiṃ atikkamitvā paññattattā, āyasmato sudinnassa aṭṭhavassikakāle paññattattā ca rattaññumahattaṃ pattakāle paññattā, dutiyapaññatti bāhusaccamahattaṃ pattakāle. So hi āyasmā makkaṭipārājiko yathā mātugāmappaṭisaṃyuttesu sikkhāpadesu tiracchānagatitthī na adhippetā, tathā idhāpīti saññāya ‘‘saccaṃ, āvuso…pe… tañca kho manussitthiyā, no tiracchānagatāyā’’ti (pārā. 41) āha. Tatiyapaññatti lābhaggamahattaṃ pattakāle uppannā ‘‘yāvadatthaṃ bhuñjitvā’’tiādi (pārā. 43) vacanato, vepullamahattampi ettheva labbhatīti imaṃ paṭhamapārājikasikkhāpadaṃ tividhampi vatthuṃ upādāya catubbidhampi taṃ kālaṃ patvā paññattanti veditabbaṃ.

Tattha yo panāti anavasesapariyādānapadaṃ. Bhikkhūti tassa atippasaṅganiyamapadaṃ. Bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpannoti tassa visesanavacanaṃ. Na hi sabbopi bhikkhunāmako, yā bhagavatā yāya kāyaci upasampadāya upasampannabhikkhūnaṃ heṭṭhimaparicchedena sikkhitabbā sikkhā vihitā , ‘‘ettha saha jīvantī’’ti yo ca sājīvo vutto, taṃ ubhayaṃ samāpannova hoti. Kadā pana samāpanno hoti? Yāya kāyaci upasampadāya upasampannasamanantarameva tadubhayaṃ jānantopi ajānantopi tadajjhupagatattā samāpannova nāma hoti. Saha jīvantīti yāva sikkhaṃ na paccakkhāti, pārājikabhāvaṃ vā na pāpuṇāti. Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ andhakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘sikkhaṃ paripūrento sikkhāsamāpanno sājīvaṃ avītikkamanto sājīvasamāpanno’’ti, taṃ ukkaṭṭhaparicchedavasena vuttaṃ. Na hi sikkhaṃ aparipūrento, kāmavitakkādibahulo vā ekaccaṃ sāvasesaṃ sājīvaṃ vītikkamanto vā sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno nāma na hoti.

Ukkaṭṭhaparicchedena pana catukkaṃ labbhati – ‘‘atthi bhikkhu sikkhāsamāpanno sīlāni paccavekkhanto na sājīvasamāpanno acittakaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ vītikkamanto, atthi na sikkhāsamāpanno kāmavitakkādibahulo sājīvasamāpanno nirāpattiko, atthi na sikkhāsamāpanno na ca sājīvasamāpanno anavasesaṃ āpattiṃ āpanno, atthi ubhayasamāpanno sikkhaṃ paripūrento sājīvañca avītikkamanto’’ti. Ayamettha catuttho bhikkhu ukkaṭṭho idha adhippeto siyā. Na hi bhagavā anukkaṭṭhaṃ vattuṃ yuttoti ce? Na, ‘‘tatra yāyaṃ adhisīlasikkhā, ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā sikkhā’’ti vacanavirodhato, ukkaṭṭhaggahaṇādhippāye sati ‘‘sikkhāti tisso sikkhā’’ti ettakameva vattabbanti adhippāyo. Sikkhattayasamāpanno hi sabbukkaṭṭho. ‘‘Methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭiseveyyā’’ti parato vacanaṃ apekkhitvā adhisīlasikkhāva vuttāti ce? Na, tassāpi abhabbattā. Na hi adhisīlasikkhaṃ paripūrento, sājīvañca avītikkamanto methunadhammaṃ paṭisevituṃ bhabbo, taṃ sikkhaṃ aparipūrento, sājīvañca vītikkamantoyeva hi paṭiseveyyāti adhippāyā. Tasmā evamettha attho gahetabbo. Yasmā sikkhāpadasaṅkhāto sājīvo adhisīlasikkhameva saṅgaṇhāti, na itarasikkhādvayaṃ, tasmā ‘‘tatra yāyaṃ adhisīlasikkhā, ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā sikkhā’’ti vuttaṃ. Tasmā adhisīlasikkhāya saṅgāhako sājīvo sikkhāsājīvoti vutto. Iti sājīvavisesanatthaṃ sikkhāggahaṇaṃ kataṃ. Tadatthadīpanatthameva vibhaṅge sikkhaṃ aparāmasitvā ‘‘tasmiṃ sikkhati, tena vuccati sājīvasamāpanno’’ti (pārā. 45) vuttaṃ. Tena ekamevidaṃ atthapadanti dīpitaṃ hoti. Tañca upasampadūpagamanantarato paṭṭhāya sikkhanādhikārattā ‘‘sikkhatī’’ti ca ‘‘samāpanno’’ti ca vuccati. Yo evaṃ ‘‘sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno’’ti saṅkhaṃ gato, tādisaṃ paccayaṃ paṭicca aparabhāge sājīvasaṅkhātameva sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāya tasmiṃyeva dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭiseveyyāti ayamattho yujjati.

Kintu aṭṭhakathānayo paṭikkhitto hoti, so ca na paṭikkhepāraho hoti, adhippāyo panettha pariyesitabbo. Sabbesu sikkhāpadesu idameva bhikkhulakkhaṇaṃ sādhāraṇaṃ yadidaṃ ‘‘bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno’’ti. Khīṇāsavopi sāvako āpattiṃ āpajjati acittakaṃ, tathā sekkho, puthujjano pana sacittakampi, tasmā sekkhāsekkhaputhujjanānaṃ sāmaññamidaṃ bhikkhulakkhaṇanti katvā kevalaṃ sikkhāsamāpanno, kevalaṃ sājīvasamāpanno, ubhayasamāpanno cāti sarūpekadesaekasesanayena ‘‘sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno’’tveva sampiṇḍetvā ukkaṭṭhaggahaṇena anukkaṭṭhānaṃ gahaṇasiddhito aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ukkaṭṭhova vutto. Tameva sampādetuṃ ‘‘tasmiṃ sikkhati, tena vuccati sājīvasamāpanno’’ti ettha sikkhāsaddassa avacane parihāraṃ vatvā yasmā pana so sikkhampi samāpanno, tasmā sikkhāsamāpannotipi atthato veditabboti ca vatvā ‘‘yaṃ sikkhaṃ samāpanno, taṃ apaccakkhāya, yañca sājīvaṃ samāpanno, tattha dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā’’ti vuttanti ayamaṭṭhakathāya adhippāyo veditabbo. Etasmiṃ pana adhippāye adhisīlasikkhāya eva gahaṇaṃ sabbatthikattā, sīlādhikārato ca vinayassāti veditabbaṃ. Yathā ca sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyanto sīlaṃ samādiyatīti vuccati, evaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paccakkhanto sīlaṃ paccakkhātīti vattuṃ yujjati, tasmā tattha vuttaṃ ‘‘yaṃ sikkhaṃ samāpanno, taṃ apaccakkhāyā’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. sikkhāpaccakkhānavibhaṅgavaṇṇanā). Ettāvatā samāsato ‘‘sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno’’ti ettha vattabbavinicchayo niṭṭhito hoti.

Kiṃ iminā visesavacanena payojanaṃ, nanu ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāya dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā…pe… asaṃvāso’’ti ettakameva vattabbanti ce? Na vattabbaṃ aniṭṭhappasaṅgato. ‘‘Yo pana sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno theyyasaṃvāsādiko kevalena samaññāmattena, paṭiññāmattena vā bhikkhu, tassāpi sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ atthi, sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāya ca methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa pārājikāpatti. Yo vā pacchā pārājikaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitvā na sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno, tassa ca, yo vā pakkhapaṇḍakattā paṇḍakabhāvūpagamanena na sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno, tassa ca tadubhayaṃ atthīti āpajjati. Paṇḍakabhāvapakkhe ca paṇḍako upasampadāya na vatthū’’ti vuttaṃ. Tasmā itarasmiṃ pakkhe vatthūti siddhaṃ. Tasmiṃ pakkhe upasampanno paṇḍakabhāvapakkhe paṇḍakattā na sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno, so pariccajitabbāya sikkhāya abhāvena sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāya mukhena parassa aṅgajātaggahaṇanayena methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭiseveyya, tassa kuto pārājikāpattīti adhippāyo. Ayaṃ nayo apaṇḍakapakkhaṃ alabhamānasseva parato yujjati, labhantassa pana arūpasattānaṃ kusalādisamāpattikkhaṇe bhavaṅgavicchede satipi amaraṇaṃ viya paṇḍakabhāvapakkhepi bhikkhubhāvo atthi. Saṃvāsaṃ vā sādiyantassa na theyyasaṃvāsakabhāvo atthi antimavatthuajjhāpannassa viya. Na ca sahaseyyādiṃ janeti . Gaṇapūrako pana na hoti antimavatthuṃ ajjhāpanno viya. Na so sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno. Itarasmiṃ pana pakkhe hoti, ayaṃ imassa tato viseso. Kimayaṃ sahetuko, udāhu ahetukoti? Na ahetuko. Yato upasampadā tassa apaṇḍakapakkhe anuññātā sahetukappaṭisandhikattā. Paṇḍakabhāvapakkhepi kissa nānuññātāti ce? Paṇḍakabhūtattā opakkamikapaṇḍakassa viya.

Apica ‘‘sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno’’ti iminā tassa sikkhāsamādānaṃ dīpetvā taṃ samādinnaṃ sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāya, tattha ca dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvāti vattuṃ yujjati, na aññathāti iminā kāraṇena yathāvuttāniṭṭhappasaṅgato ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāyā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Yathā cettha, evaṃ ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāya dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā gāmā vā araññā vā adinnaṃ…pe… yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāya dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā sugatacīvarappamāṇaṃ cīvaraṃ kārāpeyyā’’ti sabbattha yojetabbaṃ.

‘‘Antamaso tiracchānagatāyapī’’ti manussitthiṃ upādāya vuttaṃ. Na hi pageva paṇḍake, purise vāti vattuṃ yujjati. Sesaṃ tattha tattha vuttanayameva . Ayaṃ tāva mātikāya vinicchayo aññatthāpi yathāsambhavaṃ yojetvā dīpetabbo.

Sāriputtabelaṭṭhasīsānandādayopi sikkhāpadapaññattikāraṇattā ca āpattiāpajjanato ca kasmā mahāvibhaṅge ñatticatutthaupasampadāyeva āgatāti? Paṭikkhittāya saraṇagamanūpasampadāya anuññātappasaṅgabhayāti upatissatthero. Āpattiyā bhabbataṃ sandhāya tasmimpi vutte pubbe paṭikkhittāpi bhagavatā puna anuññātāti bhikkhūnaṃ micchāgāho vā vimati vā uppajjati, tasmā na vuttāti vuttaṃ hoti.

‘‘Adhammakammaṃ vaggakamma’’ti (mahāva. 387) vacanato kuppakammampi katthaci ‘‘kamma’’nti vuccati, tasmā ‘‘akuppenā’’ti vuttaṃ. Yasmā akuppakammampi ekaccaṃ na ṭhānārahaṃ, yena apatto osāraṇaṃ suosāritoti vuccati, tasmā ‘‘ṭhānārahenā’’ti vuttaṃ. Yadi evaṃ ‘‘ṭhānārahenā’’ti idameva vattabbaṃ iminā akuppasiddhitoti ce? Na, aṭṭhānārahena akuppena upasampanno imasmiṃ atthe na adhippeto aniṭṭhappasaṅgato. Dvīhi panetehi ekato vuttehi ayamattho paññāyati – kevalaṃ tena akuppena upasampanno ayampi imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti, ṭhānārahena ca akuppena ca upasampanno ayampi imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti, kuppena upasampanno nādhippetoti.

‘‘Paṭisandhiggahaṇato paṭṭhāya aparipuṇṇavīsativasso’’ti vuttattā opapātikañcāti soḷasavassuddesikā opapātikā paṭisandhito paṭṭhāya aparipuṇṇavīsativassāti vadanti. ‘Soḷasavassuddesikā hontī’ti vuttattā puna cattāri vassāni icchitabbāni, ‘paṭisandhiggahaṇato paṭṭhāyā’ti idaṃ gabbhaseyyakānaṃ vasena vutta’’nti eke. ‘‘Keci vadantī’’ti yattha yattha likhīyati, tattha tattha vicāretvā atthaṃ suṭṭhu upalakkhaye. Opakkamike paṇḍakabhāvo āruḷhanayena veditabbo. ‘‘Pakkhapaṇḍako apaṇḍakapakkhe pabbājetvā paṇḍakapakkhe nāsetabbo’’ti (vajira. ṭī. mahāvagga 109) likhitaṃ.

‘‘Binduṃ adatvā ce nivāseti, theyyasaṃvāsako na hotī’’ti vadanti, vīmaṃsitabbaṃ. Liṅgānurūpassāti sāmaṇerārahassa saṃvāsassa sāditattāti adhippāyo.

Rājabhayādīhi gahitaliṅgānaṃ ‘‘gihī maṃ ‘samaṇo’ti jānantū’’ti vañcanacitte satipi bhikkhūnaṃ vañcetukāmatāya ca tehi saṃvasitukāmatāya ca abhāvā doso na jātoti. ‘‘Yo evaṃ pabbajati, so theyyasaṃvāsako nāma hotī’’ti vā ‘‘evaṃ kātuṃ na labbhatī’’ti vā ‘‘evaṃ pabbajito sāmaṇero na hotī’’ti vā na jānāti, vaṭṭati. ‘‘Jānāti, na vaṭṭatī’’ti ca likhitaṃ. ‘‘Rājadubbhikkhādiatthāya cīvaraṃ pārupitvā saṃvāsaṃ sādiyanto theyyasaṃvāsako hoti. Kasmā? Asuddhacittattā. Puna so ‘suddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ karissāmi, kiṃ etenāti vippaṭisārena vā paccayādisulabhatāya vā karissāmī’ti suddhamānaso hutvā yāva so saṃvāsaṃ nādhivāseti, tāva theyyasaṃvāsako na hoti. Evaṃ suddhacittuppattito paṭṭhāya saṃvāsaṃ sādiyati ce, theyyasaṃvāsako hotīti adhippeto. Itarathā sabbaṃ virujjhatī’’ti eke.

‘‘Nābhiparāmāsādinā jāto tathārūpaṃ pitaraṃ ghāteti ce, pitughātako hotī’’ti vadanti.

Yo pana kāyasaṃsaggena sīlavināsaṃ pāpeti, na so bhikkhunidūsako ‘‘tiṇṇaṃ maggāna’’nti vacanato. Bhikkhuniṃ pana ekatoupasampannaṃ dūsetvāpi bhikkhunidūsako hoti, sopi pārājiko hotīti vinicchayo. Bhikkhunī pana theyyasaṃvāsikā, mātupituarahantaghātikā, lohituppādikā, titthiyapakkantikā ca hoti, aṭṭhakathāsu anāgataṃ vinayadharā sampaṭicchanti.

‘‘Sampajānamusāvāde pācittiya’’nti (pāci. 2) vuttaṃ mariyādaṃ avītikkamanto tasmiñca sikkhāpade sikkhatīti vuccati. Sikkhāpadanti asabhāvadhammo saṅketova, idha paññatti adhippetā. ‘‘Methunasaṃvarassetaṃ adhivacana’’nti samantapāsādikāyaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ panatthaṃ sandhāyāti likhitaṃ. Sikkhāti taṃ taṃ sikkhāpadaṃ, sikkhanabhāvena pavattacittuppādo. Sājīvanti paññatti. Tadatthadassanatthaṃ pubbe ‘‘methunasaṃvarassetaṃ adhivacana’’nti vuttaṃ. Yasmā sikkhāya guṇasammatāya puññasammatāya tantiyā abhāvato lokassa dubbalyāvikammaṃ tattha na sambhavati. Patthanīyā hi sā, tasmā ‘‘yañca sājīvaṃsamāpanno, tasmiṃ dubbalabhāvaṃ appakāsetvā’’ti vuttaṃ. Āṇāya hi dubbalyaṃ sambhavatīti upatisso. Dubbalyāvikammapadaṃ sikkhāpaccakkhānapadassa byañjanasiliṭṭhatāya vā parivārakabhāvena vā veditabbaṃ. Atha vā yasmā sikkhāpaccakkhānassa ekaccaṃ dubbalyāvikammaṃ akataṃ hoti, tasmā taṃ sandhāya ‘‘sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāyā’’ti padassa atthaṃ vivaranto ‘‘dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā’’ti āha. Tattha siyā yasmā na sabbaṃ dubbalyāvikammaṃ sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ, tasmā ‘‘dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā’’ti paṭhamaṃ vatvā tassa atthaniyamatthaṃ ‘‘sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāyā’’ti vattabbanti? Taṃ na, kasmā? Atthānukkamābhāvato. ‘‘Sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno’’ti hi vuttattā ‘‘yaṃ sikkhaṃ samāpanno, taṃ apaccakkhāya, yañca sājīvaṃ samāpanno, tattha dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā’’ti vuccamāne anukkameneva attho vutto hoti, na aññathā, tasmā idameva paṭhamaṃ vuttanti. Tesaṃyevāti cuddasannaṃ.

‘‘Sikkhaṃ apaccakkhāyā’’ti sabbasikkhāpadānaṃ sādhāraṇatthaṃ ‘‘ayamettha anupaññattī’’ti vuttaṃ.

Pavesanaṃ nāma aṅgajātaṃ pavesentassa aṅgajātena samphusanaṃ. Paviṭṭhaṃ nāma yāva mūlaṃ pavesentassa vippakatakālo vāyāmakālo. Sukkavisaṭṭhisamaye aṅgajātaṃ ṭhitaṃ nāma. Uddharaṇaṃ nāma nīharaṇakālo. Vinayagaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘vāyāmato oramitvā ṭhānaṃ ṭhitaṃ nāmā’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ asaṅkarato dassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Pavesanapaviṭṭhauddharaṇakālesupi sukkavisaṭṭhi hotiyeva. Sādiyanaṃ nāma sevanacittassa adhivāsanacittassa uppādanaṃ.

Ubhatovibhaṅge eva paññattāni sandhāya ‘‘idañhi sabbasikkhāpadānaṃ nidāna’’nti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Vinayadharapañcamena gaṇena upasampadā’’ti (mahāva. 259) vuttattā idha tatiyā sahayogena vuttā. Tasmā vīsatipi bhikkhū ce nisinnā, pañcamo vinayadharova icchitabbo, evaṃ sati pārājiko ce vinayadharo, upasampadākammaṃ kopetīti ce? Na, parivārāvasāne kammavagge (pari. 482 ādayo) yaṃ kammavipattilakkhaṇaṃ vuttaṃ, tassa tasmiṃ natthitāya. ‘‘Kathaṃ vatthuto vā ñattito vā anussāvanato vā sīmato vā parisato vā’’ti ettakaṃ vuttaṃ, nanu ayaṃ ‘‘parisato vā’’ti vacanena saṅgahitoti ce? Na, ‘‘dvādasahi ākārehi parisato kammāni vipajjantī’’ti (pari. 487) suttassa hi vibhaṅge tassa anāmaṭṭhattāti ayamattho yasmā tattha tattha sarūpena vuttapāḷivaseneva sakkā jānituṃ, tasmā nayamukhaṃ dassetvā saṃkhittoti likhitaṃ. ‘‘Aṅga’’nti padaṃ uddharitvā ‘‘sabbasikkhāpadesu āpattīnaṃ aṅgānaṅgaṃ veditabba’’nti vuttaṃ, idha pana ‘‘aṅga’’nti vuttaṃ, kasmā? Samuṭṭhanādīnaṃ parivārādīsu saṅkhepena āgatattā tattha gahetvā idhāpi niddiṭṭhānaṃ anaṅgānaṃ vavatthānābhāvato, sabbattha saṅkhepato ca vitthārato ca anaṅgatte vuccamāne ativitthāratāya tasmiṃ tasmiṃ sikkhāpade anūnaṃ vattabbato cāti veditabbo, sabbāpattīnaṃ saṅgāhakavasenāti attho.

Yāni sikkhāpadāni ‘‘kiriyānī’’ti vuccanti, tesaṃ vasena kāyavācā saha viññattiyā veditabbā, akiriyānaṃ vasena vinā viññattiyā veditabbā. Cittaṃ panettha appamāṇaṃ bhūtārocanasamuṭṭhānassa kiriyattā, acittakattā ca. Tattha kiriyā āpattiyā anaṅgantaracittasamuṭṭhānā veditabbā. Aviññattijanakampi ekaccaṃ bāhullanayena ‘‘kiriya’’nti vuccati yatheva paṭhamapārājikaṃ. Viññattiyā abhāvepi ‘‘so ce sādiyati, āpatti pārājikassa, na sādiyati, anāpattī’’ti hi vuttaṃ, viññattisaṅkhātāpi kiriyā vinā sevanacittena na hoti vuttacittajattā, vikārarūpattā, cittānuparivattikattā ca. Tasmā kiriyāsaṅkhātamidaṃ viññattirūpaṃ, itaraṃ cittajarūpaṃ viya janakacittena vinā na tiṭṭhati, itaraṃ saddāyatanaṃ tiṭṭhati, tasmā kiriyāya sati ekantato tajjanakaṃ sevanacittaṃ atthi evāti katvā na sādiyati, anāpattīti na yujjatīti. Yasmā viññattijanakampi samānaṃ sevanacittaṃ na sabbakālaṃ viññattiṃ janeti, tasmā vināpi viññattiyā sayaṃ uppajjatīti katvā ‘‘sādiyati, āpatti pārājikassā’’ti vuttaṃ. Nuppajjati ce, na sādiyati nāma, tassa anāpatti. Teneva bhagavā ‘‘kiṃcitto tvaṃ bhikkhū’’ti (pārā. 135) citteneva āpattiṃ paricchindati, na kiriyāyāti veditabbaṃ.

Ettha samuṭṭhānaggahaṇaṃ kattabbato vā akattabbato vā kāyādibhedāpekkhameva āpattiṃ āpajjati, na aññathāti dassanappayojanaṃ. Tesu kiriyāggahaṇaṃ kāyādīnaṃ saviññattikāviññattikabhedadassanappayojanaṃ. Saññāggahaṇaṃ āpattiyā aṅgānaṅgacittavisesadassanappayojanaṃ. Tena yaṃ cittaṃ kiriyalakkhaṇe vā akiriyalakkhaṇe vā sannihitaṃ, yato vā kiriyā vā akiriyā vā hoti, na taṃ avisesena āpattiyā aṅgaṃ vā anaṅgaṃ vā hoti. Kintu yāya saññāya ‘‘saññāvimokkha’’nti vuccati, tāya sampayuttaṃ cittaṃ aṅgaṃ, itaraṃ anaṅganti dassitaṃ hoti. Idāni yena cittena sikkhāpadaṃ sacittakaṃ hoti, tadabhāvā acittakaṃ, tena tassa avisesena sāvajjatāya ‘‘lokavajjamevā’’ti vuttaṃ. Kintu sāvajjaṃyeva samānaṃ ekaccaṃ lokavajjaṃ, ekaccaṃ paṇṇattivajjanti dassanappayojanaṃ cittalokavajjaggahaṇaṃ. Cittameva yasmā ‘‘lokavajja’’nti vuccati, tasmā manokammampi siyā āpattīti aniṭṭhappasaṅganivāraṇappayojanaṃ kammaggahaṇaṃ.

Yaṃ panettha akiriyalakkhaṇaṃ kammaṃ, taṃ kusalattikavinimuttaṃ siyāti aniṭṭhappasaṅganivāraṇappayojanaṃ kusalattikaggahaṇaṃ. Yā panettha abyākatāpatti, taṃ ekaccaṃ avedanampi nirodhaṃ samāpanno āpajjatīti vedanāttikaṃ ettha na labbhatīti aniṭṭhappasaṅganivāraṇatthaṃ vedanāttikaggahaṇaṃ. Sikkhāpadañhi sacittakapuggalavasena ‘‘ticittaṃ tivedana’’nti laddhavohāraṃ acittakenāpannampi ‘‘ticittaṃ tivedana’’miceva vuccati. Tatridaṃ sādhakasuttaṃ – ‘‘atthāpatti acittako āpajjati acittako vuṭṭhāti (pari. 324), atthāpatti kusalacitto āpajjati kusalacitto vuṭṭhātī’’tiādi (pari. 470). ‘‘Sacittakaṃ āpattidīpanaṃ, saññāvimokkhaṃ anāpattidīpanaṃ, acittakaṃ vatthuajānanaṃ, nosaññāvimokkhaṃ vītikkamanājānanaṃ. Idameva tesaṃ nānātta’’nti (vajira. ṭī. pārājika 61-66 pakiṇṇakakathāvaṇṇanā) likhitaṃ.

Sacittakapakkheti ettha ayaṃ tāva gaṇṭhipadanayo – sacittakapakkheti surāpānādiacittake sandhāya vuttaṃ. Sacittakesu pana yaṃ ekantamakusaleneva samuṭṭhāti, tañca ubhayaṃ lokavajjaṃ nāma. Surāpānasmiñhi ‘‘surā’’ti vā ‘‘pātuṃ na vaṭṭatī’’ti vā jānitvā pivane akusalamevāti. Tattha ‘‘na vaṭṭatīti jānitvā’’ti vuttavacanaṃ na yujjati paṇṇattivajjassapi lokavajjatāpasaṅgato. Imaṃ aniṭṭhappasaṅgaṃ pariharitukāmatāya ca vajirabuddhittherena likhitaṃ – ‘‘idha ‘sacittaka’nti ca ‘acittaka’nti ca vicāraṇā vatthuvijānane eva hoti, na paññattivijānane. Yadi paññattivijānane hoti , sabbasikkhāpadāni lokavajjāneva siyuṃ, na ca sabbasikkhāpadāni lokavajjāni. Tasmā vatthuvijānane eva hotīti idaṃ yujjati. Kasmā? Yasmā sekhiyesu paññattivijānanameva pamāṇaṃ, na vatthumattavijānana’’nti. Ayaṃ panettha attho sikkhāpadasīsena āpattiṃ gahetvā yassa sikkhāpadassa sacittakassa cittaṃ akusalameva hoti, taṃ lokavajjaṃ, sacittakācittakasaṅkhātassa acittakassa ca sacittakapakkhe cittaṃ akusalameva hoti, tampi surāpānādilokavajjanti imamatthaṃ sandhāya ‘‘yassā sacittakapakkhe cittaṃ akusalameva hoti, ayaṃ lokavajjā nāmā’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Sacittakapakkhe’’ti hi idaṃ vacanaṃ acittakaṃ sandhāyāha. Na hi ekaṃsato sacittakāya ‘‘sacittakapakkhe’’ti visesane payojanaṃ atthīti, evaṃ santepi aniyamena vuttañca niyamavasena eva gahetabbanti attho.

Tiracchānānaṃ panāti pana-saddena thullaccayādikāraṃ nivatteti. Kiriyāti ettha ‘‘ṭhitaṃ sādiyatī’’ti (pārā. 58) vuttattā taṃ kathanti ce? ‘‘Sādiyatī’’ti vuttattā kiriyā eva. Evaṃ sante ‘‘kāyakammaṃ manokamma’’nti vattabbanti ce? Na, pacuravohāravasena ‘‘kāyakamma’’nti vuttattā. Ubbhajāṇumaṇḍalikāya labbhati evāti likhitaṃ. Pubbe vuttanayena saṃsandetvā gahetabbaṃ. ‘‘Dunnikkhittassa, bhikkhave, padabyañjanassa atthopi dunnayo hotī’’ti (a. ni. 2.20) vadantenāpi atthassa sukhaggahaṇatthameva padabyañjanassa sunikkhittabhāvo icchito, na akkharavacanāya, tasmā āha ‘‘atthañhi nātho saraṇaṃ avocā’’tiādi.

Paṭhamapārājikavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.