Pubbenivāsakathā

12. Iti imāni cattāri jhānāni kesañci cittekaggatatthāni honti, kesañci vipassanāpādakāni, kesañci abhiññāpādakāni, kesañci nirodhapādakāni, kesañci bhavokkamanatthāni. Tattha khīṇāsavānaṃ cittekaggatatthāni honti, te hi samāpajjitvā ‘‘ekaggacittā sukhaṃ divasaṃ viharissāmā’’ti iccevaṃ kasiṇaparikammaṃ katvā aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattenti. Sekkhaputhujjanānaṃ ‘‘samāpattito vuṭṭhāya samāhitena cittena vipassissāmā’’ti nibbattentānaṃ vipassanāpādakāni honti. Ye pana aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā abhiññāpādakaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā samāpattito vuṭṭhāya ‘‘ekopi hutvā bahudhā hotī’’ti vuttanayā abhiññāyo patthentā nibbattenti, tesaṃ abhiññāpādakāni honti. Ye pana aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā ‘‘nirodhasamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā sattāhaṃ acittakā hutvā diṭṭheva dhamme nirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ patvā sukhaṃ viharissāmā’’ti nibbattenti, tesaṃ nirodhapādakāni honti. Ye pana aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā ‘‘aparihīnajjhānā hutvā brahmaloke uppajjissāmā’’ti nibbattenti, tesaṃ bhavokkamanatthāni honti.

Bhagavatā panidaṃ catutthajjhānaṃ bodhirukkhamūle nibbattitaṃ, taṃ tassa vipassanāpādakañceva ahosi abhiññāpādakañca nirodhapādakañca sabbakiccasādhakañca sabbalokiyalokuttaraguṇadāyakanti veditabbaṃ. Yesañca guṇānaṃ dāyakaṃ ahosi, tesaṃ ekadesaṃ dassento ‘‘so evaṃ samāhite citte’’tiādimāha.

Tattha soti so ahaṃ. Evanti catutthajjhānakkamanidassanametaṃ. Iminā kamena catutthajjhānaṃ paṭilabhitvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Samāhiteti iminā catutthajjhānasamādhinā samāhite. Parisuddhetiādīsu pana upekkhāsatipārisuddhibhāvena parisuddhe. Parisuddhattāyeva pariyodāte, pabhassareti vuttaṃ hoti. Sukhādīnaṃ paccayānaṃ ghātena vihatarāgādiaṅgaṇattā anaṅgaṇe. Anaṅgaṇattāyeva ca vigatūpakkilese; aṅgaṇena hi cittaṃ upakkilissati. Subhāvitattā mudubhūte, vasībhāvappatteti vuttaṃ hoti. Vase vattamānañhi cittaṃ mudūti vuccati. Muduttāyeva ca kammaniye, kammakkhame kammayoggeti vuttaṃ hoti. Mudu hi cittaṃ kammaniyaṃ hoti sudhantamiva suvaṇṇaṃ, tadubhayampi ca subhāvitattā eva. Yathāha – ‘‘nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi, yaṃ evaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ mudu ca hoti kammaniyañca, yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, citta’’nti (a. ni. 1.22).

Etesu parisuddhabhāvādīsu ṭhitattā ṭhite. Ṭhitattāyeva āneñjappatte, acale niriñjaneti vuttaṃ hoti. Mudukammaññabhāvena vā attano vase ṭhitattā ṭhite, saddhādīhi pariggahitattā āneñjappatte. Saddhāpariggahitañhi cittaṃ assaddhiyena na iñjati, vīriyapariggahitaṃ kosajjena na iñjati, satipariggahitaṃ pamādena na iñjati, samādhipariggahitaṃ uddhaccena na iñjati, paññāpariggahitaṃ avijjāya na iñjati, obhāsagataṃ kilesandhakārena na iñjati. Imehi chahi dhammehi pariggahitaṃ āneñjappattaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Evaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ cittaṃ abhinīhārakkhamaṃ hoti abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhiññāsacchikiriyāya.

Aparo nayo – catutthajjhānasamādhinā samāhite. Nīvaraṇadūrībhāvena parisuddhe. Vitakkādisamatikkamena pariyodāte. Jhānappaṭilābhapaccayānaṃ pāpakānaṃ icchāvacarānaṃ abhāvena anaṅgaṇe. Abhijjhādīnaṃ cittūpakkilesānaṃ vigamena vigatūpakkilese. Ubhayampi cetaṃ anaṅgaṇavatthasuttānusārena (ma. ni. 1.57 ādayo) veditabbaṃ. Vasippattiyā mudubhūte. Iddhipādabhāvūpagamena kammaniye. Bhāvanāpāripūriyā paṇītabhāvūpagamena ṭhiteāneñjappatte. Yathā āneñjappattaṃ hoti; evaṃ ṭhiteti attho. Evampi aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ cittaṃ abhinīhārakkhamaṃ hoti abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhiññāsacchikiriyāya, pādakaṃ padaṭṭhānabhūtanti attho.

Pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāyāti evaṃ abhiññāpādake jāte etasmiṃ citte pubbenivāsānussatimhi yaṃ ñāṇaṃ tadatthāya. Tattha pubbenivāsoti pubbe atītajātīsu nivutthakkhandhā. Nivutthāti ajjhāvutthā anubhūtā attano santāne uppajjitvā niruddhā nivutthadhammā vā nivutthā, gocaranivāsena nivutthā, attano viññāṇena viññātā paricchinnā, paraviññāṇaviññātāpi vā chinnavaṭumakānussaraṇādīsu. Pubbenivāsānussatīti yāya satiyā pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, sā pubbenivāsānussati. Ñāṇanti tāya satiyā sampayuttañāṇaṃ. Evamimassa pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇassa atthāya pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya etassa ñāṇassa adhigamāya pattiyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Abhininnāmesinti abhinīhariṃ.

Soti so ahaṃ. Anekavihitanti anekavidhaṃ, anekehi vā pakārehi pavattitaṃ saṃvaṇṇitanti attho. Pubbenivāsanti samanantarātītaṃ bhavaṃ ādiṃ katvā tattha tattha nivutthasantānaṃ. Anussarāmīti ‘‘ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo’’ti evaṃ jātipaṭipāṭiyā anugantvā anugantvā sarāmi, anudeva vā sarāmi, citte abhininnāmitamatte eva sarāmīti dasseti. Pūritapāramīnañhi mahāpurisānaṃ parikammakaraṇaṃ natthi, tena te cittaṃ abhininnāmetvāva saranti. Ādikammikakulaputtā pana parikammaṃ katvāva saranti, tasmā tesaṃ vasena parikammaṃ vattabbaṃ siyā. Taṃ pana vuccamānaṃ atibhāriyaṃ vinayanidānaṃ karoti, tasmā taṃ na vadāma. Atthikehi pana visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 2.402 ādayo) vuttanayeneva gahetabbaṃ. Idha pana pāḷimeva vaṇṇayissāma.

Seyyathidanti āraddhappakāradassanatthe nipāto. Teneva yvāyaṃ pubbenivāso āraddho, tassa pakārappabhedaṃ dassento ekampi jātintiādimāha. Tattha ekampi jātinti ekampi paṭisandhimūlaṃ cutipariyosānaṃ ekabhavapariyāpannaṃ khandhasantānaṃ. Esa nayo dvepi jātiyotiādīsu. Anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappetiādīsu pana parihāyamāno kappo saṃvaṭṭakappo, vaḍḍhamāno vivaṭṭakappoti veditabbo. Tattha ca saṃvaṭṭena saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyī gahito hoti tammūlakattā. Vivaṭṭena ca vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyī. Evañhi sati yāni tāni ‘‘cattārimāni, bhikkhave, kappassa asaṅkhyeyyāni . Katamāni cattāri? Saṃvaṭṭo saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyī, vivaṭṭo vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyī’’ti vuttāni tāni sabbāni pariggahitāni honti.

Tattha tayo saṃvaṭṭā – tejosaṃvaṭṭo, āposaṃvaṭṭo, vāyosaṃvaṭṭoti. Tisso saṃvaṭṭasīmā – ābhassarā, subhakiṇhā, vehapphalāti. Yadā kappo tejena saṃvaṭṭati, ābhassarato heṭṭhā agginā ḍayhati. Yadā udakena saṃvaṭṭati, subhakiṇhato heṭṭhā udakena vilīyati. Yadā vātena saṃvaṭṭati, vehapphalato heṭṭhā vātena viddhaṃsiyati. Vitthārato pana sadāpi ekaṃ buddhakkhettaṃ vinassati.

Buddhakkhettaṃ nāma tividhaṃ hoti – jātikkhettaṃ, āṇākkhettaṃ, visayakkhettañca. Tattha jātikkhettaṃ dasasahassacakkavāḷapariyantaṃ hoti, yaṃ tathāgatassa paṭisandhiādīsu kampati. Āṇākkhettaṃ koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷapariyantaṃ hoti. Yattha ratanaparittaṃ, khandhaparittaṃ, dhajaggaparittaṃ, āṭānāṭiyaparittaṃ, moraparittanti imesaṃ parittānaṃ ānubhāvo pavattati. Visayakkhettaṃ pana anantaṃ aparimāṇaṃ, ‘‘yaṃ yāvatā vā pana ākaṅkheyyā’’ti (a. ni. 3.81) vuttaṃ yattha yaṃ yaṃ ākaṅkhati taṃ taṃ anussarati. Evametesu tīsu buddhakkhettesu ekaṃ āṇākkhettaṃ vinassati. Tasmiṃ pana vinassante jātikkhettampi vinaṭṭhameva hoti; vinassantañca ekatova vinassati, saṇṭhahantampi ekatova saṇṭhahati. Tassa vināso ca saṇṭhahanañca visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 2.404) vuttaṃ. Atthikehi tato gahetabbaṃ.

Ye panete saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭā vuttā, etesu bhagavā bodhimaṇḍe sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhanatthāya nisinno anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe sari. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Amutrāsi’’ntiādinā nayena. Tattha amutrāsinti amumhi saṃvaṭṭakappe ahaṃ amumhi bhave vā yoniyā vā gatiyā vā viññāṇaṭṭhitiyā vā sattāvāse vā sattanikāye vā ahosiṃ. Evaṃnāmoti vessantaro vā jotipālo vā. Evaṃgottoti bhaggavo vā gotamo vā. Evaṃvaṇṇoti odāto vā sāmo vā. Evamāhāroti sālimaṃsodanāhāro vā pavattaphalabhojano vā. Evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedīti anekappakārena kāyikacetasikānaṃ sāmisanirāmisādippabhedānaṃ vā sukhadukkhānaṃ paṭisaṃvedī. Evamāyupariyantoti evaṃ vassasataparamāyupariyanto vā caturāsītikappasahassaparamāyupariyanto vā.

Sotato cuto amutra udapādinti so ahaṃ tato bhavato yonito gatito viññāṇaṭṭhitito sattāvāsato sattanikāyato vā cuto, puna amukasmiṃ nāma bhave yoniyā gatiyā viññāṇaṭṭhitiyā sattāvāse sattanikāye vā udapādiṃ. Tatrāpāsinti atha tatrāpi bhave yoniyā gatiyā viññāṇaṭṭhitiyā sattāvāse sattanikāye vā puna ahosiṃ. Evaṃnāmotiādi vuttanayameva.

Atha vā yasmā amutrāsinti idaṃ anupubbena ārohantassa yāvadicchakaṃ saraṇaṃ. So tato cutoti paṭinivattantassa paccavekkhaṇaṃ. Tasmā idhūpapannoti imissā idhūpapattiyā anantaraṃ amutra udapādinti tusitabhavanaṃ sandhāyāhāti veditabbaṃ. Tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmoti tatrāpi tusitabhavane setaketu nāma devaputto ahosiṃ. Evaṃgottoti tāhi devatāhi saddhiṃ ekagotto. Evaṃvaṇṇoti suvaṇṇavaṇṇo. Evamāhāroti dibbasudhāhāro. Evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedīti evaṃ dibbasukhappaṭisaṃvedī. Dukkhaṃ pana saṅkhāradukkhamattameva. Evamāyupariyantoti evaṃ sattapaññāsavassakoṭisaṭṭhivassasatasahassāyupariyanto. So tato cutoti so ahaṃ tato tusitabhavanato cuto. Idhūpapannoti idha mahāmāyāya deviyā kucchimhi nibbatto.

Itīti evaṃ. Sākāraṃ sauddesanti nāmagottavasena sauddesaṃ, vaṇṇādivasena sākāraṃ. Nāmagottavasena hi satto ‘‘datto, tisso, gotamo’’ti uddisīyati; vaṇṇādīhi odāto, sāmoti nānattato paññāyati; tasmā nāmagottaṃ uddeso, itare ākārā. Kiṃ pana buddhāyeva pubbenivāsaṃ sarantīti? Vuccate – na buddhāyeva, paccekabuddha-buddhasāvaka-titthiyāpi, no ca kho avisesena. Titthiyā hi cattālīsaṃyeva kappe saranti, na tato paraṃ. Kasmā? Dubbalapaññattā. Tesañhi nāmarūpaparicchedavirahato dubbalā paññā hoti. Sāvakesu pana asītimahāsāvakā kappasatasahassaṃ saranti; dve aggasāvakā ekamasaṅkhyeyyaṃ satasahassañca. Paccekabuddhā dve asaṅkhyeyyāni satasahassañca. Ettako hi tesaṃ abhinīhāro. Buddhānaṃ pana paricchedo natthi, yāva icchanti tāva saranti. Titthiyā ca khandhapaṭipāṭimeva saranti. Paṭipāṭiṃ muñcitvā cutipaṭisandhivasena sarituṃ na sakkonti. Tesañhi andhānaṃ viya icchitappadesokkamanaṃ natthi. Sāvakā ubhayathāpi saranti; tathā paccekabuddhā. Buddhā pana khandhapaṭipāṭiyāpi cutipaṭisandhivasenapi sīhokkantavasenapi anekāsu kappakoṭīsu heṭṭhā vā upari vā yaṃ yaṃ ṭhānaṃ ākaṅkhanti, taṃ sabbaṃ sarantiyeva.

Ayaṃ kho me brāhmaṇātiādīsu meti mayā. Vijjāti viditakaraṇaṭṭhena vijjā. Kiṃ viditaṃ karoti? Pubbenivāsaṃ. Avijjāti tasseva pubbenivāsassa aviditakaraṇaṭṭhena tappaṭicchādakamoho vuccati. Tamoti sveva moho tappaṭicchādakaṭṭhena ‘‘tamo’’ti vuccati. Ālokoti sāyevavijjā obhāsakaraṇaṭṭhena ‘‘āloko’’ti vuccati. Ettha ca vijjā adhigatāti ayaṃ attho, sesaṃ pasaṃsāvacanaṃ. Yojanā panettha – ayaṃ kho me vijjā adhigatā, tassa me adhigatavijjassa avijjā vihatā, vinaṭṭhāti attho. Kasmā? Yasmā vijjā uppannā. Esa nayo itarasmimpi padadvaye.

Yathā tanti ettha yathāti opammatthe. Tanti nipāto. Satiyā avippavāsena appamattassa. Vīriyātāpena ātāpino. Kāye ca jīvite ca anapekkhatāya pahitattassa, pesitacittassāti attho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avijjā vihaññeyya vijjā uppajjeyya, tamo vihaññeyya āloko uppajjeyya; evameva mama avijjā vihatā vijjā uppannā, tamo vihato āloko uppanno. Etassa me padhānānuyogassa anurūpameva phalaṃ laddhanti.

Ayaṃ kho me brāhmaṇa paṭhamā abhinibbhidā ahosi kukkuṭacchāpakasseva aṇḍakosamhāti ayaṃ kho mama brāhmaṇa pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇamukhatuṇḍakena pubbe nivutthakkhandhapaṭicchādakaṃ avijjaṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā paṭhamā abhinibbhidā paṭhamā nikkhanti paṭhamā ariyājāti ahosi, kukkuṭacchāpakasseva mukhatuṇḍakena vā pādanakhasikhāya vā aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā tamhā aṇḍakosamhā abhinibbhidā nikkhanti kukkuṭanikāye paccājātīti.

Pubbenivāsakathā niṭṭhitā.