2. Anusayavaggo

4.Puggalasuttavaṇṇanā

14. Dutiyassa catutthe ubhato ubhayathā, ubhato ubhohi bhāgehi vimuttoti ubhatobhāgavimutto ekadesasarūpekasesanayena. Dvīhi bhāgehīti karaṇe nissakke cetaṃ bahuvacanaṃ . Āvuttiādivasena ayaṃ niyamo veditabboti āha ‘‘arūpasamāpattiyā’’tiādi. Etena ‘‘samāpattiyā vikkhambhanavimokkhena, maggena samucchedavimokkhena vimuttattā ubhatobhāgavimutto’’ti evaṃ pavatto tipiṭakacūḷanāgattheravādo, ‘‘nāmakāyato rūpakāyato ca vimuttattā ubhatobhāgavimutto’’ti evaṃ pavatto tipiṭakamahārakkhitattheravādo, ‘‘samāpattiyā vikkhambhanavimokkhena ekavāraṃ, maggena samucchedavimokkhena ekavāraṃ vimuttattā ubhatobhāgavimutto’’ti evaṃ pavatto tipiṭakacūḷābhayattheravādo cāti imesaṃ tiṇṇampi theravādānaṃ ekajjhaṃ saṅgaho katoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ettha ca paṭhamavāde dvīhi bhāgehi vimutto ubhatobhāgavimutto vutto, dutiyavāde ubhato bhāgato vimuttoti ubhatobhāgavimutto, tatiyavāde dvīhi bhāgehi dve vāre vimuttoti ayametesaṃ visesoti. Vimuttoti kilesehi vimutto, kilesavikkhambhanasamucchedanehi vā kāyato vimuttohi attho.

Soti ubhatobhāgavimutto. Kāmañcettha rūpāvacaracatutthajjhānampi arūpāvacarajjhānaṃ viya duvaṅgikaṃ āneñjappattanti vuccati. Taṃ pana padaṭṭhānaṃ katvā arahattaṃ patto ubhatobhāgavimutto nāma na hoti rūpakāyato avimuttattā. Tañhi kilesakāyatova vimuttaṃ, na rūpakāyato, tasmā tato vuṭṭhāya arahattaṃ patto ubhatobhāgavimutto na hotīti āha ‘‘catunnaṃ arūpa…pe… pañcavidho hotī’’ti. Arūpasamāpattīnanti niddhāraṇe sāmivacanaṃ. Arahattaṃ pattaanāgāminoti bhūtapubbagatiyā vuttaṃ. Na hi arahattaṃ patto anāgāmī nāma hoti. ‘‘Rūpī rūpāni passatī’’tiādike nirodhasamāpattiante aṭṭha vimokkhe vatvā –

‘‘Yato ca kho, ānanda, bhikkhu ime aṭṭha vimokkhe kāyena phusitvā viharati, paññāya cassa disvā āsavā parikkhīṇā honti. Ayaṃ vuccati, ānanda, bhikkhu ubhatobhāgavimutto’’ti –

Yadipi mahānidāne (dī. ni. 2.130) vuttaṃ, taṃ pana ubhatobhāgavimuttaseṭṭhavasena vuttanti, idha pana sabbaubhatobhāgavimutte saṅgahaṇatthaṃ ‘‘pañcavidho hotī’’ti vatvā ‘‘pāḷi panettha…pe… aṭṭhavimokkhalābhino vasena āgatā’’ti āha. Majjhimanikāye pana kīṭāgirisutte (ma. ni. 2.182) –

‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo ubhatobhāgavimutto? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo ye te santā vimokkhā atikkamma rūpe āruppā, te kāyena phusitvā viharati , paññāya cassa disvā āsavā parikkhīṇā honti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo ubhatobhāgavimutto’’ti –

Arūpasamāpattivasena cattāro ubhatobhāgavimuttā, seṭṭho ca vutto vuttalakkhaṇūpapattito. Yathāvuttesu hi pañcasu purimā cattāro samāpattisīsaṃ nirodhaṃ na samāpajjantīti pariyāyena ubhatobhāgavimuttā nāma. Aṭṭhasamāpattilābhī anāgāmī taṃ samāpajjitvā tato vuṭṭhāya vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pattoti nippariyāyena ubhatobhāgavimuttaseṭṭho nāma.

Katamo ca puggalotiādi puggalapaññattipāḷi. Tattha katamoti pucchāvacanaṃ. Puggaloti asādhāraṇato pucchitabbavacanaṃ. Idhāti idhasmiṃ sāsane. Ekaccoti eko. Aṭṭha vimokkhe kāyena phusitvā viharatīti aṭṭha samāpattiyo samāpajjitvā nāmakāyato paṭilabhitvā viharati. Paññāya cassa disvā āsavā parikkhīṇā hontīti vipassanāpaññāya saṅkhāragataṃ, maggapaññāya cattāri saccāni passitvā cattāropi āsavā parikkhīṇā honti. Disvāti dassanahetu. Na hi āsave paññāya passanti, dassanakāraṇā pana parikkhīṇā disvā parikkhīṇāti vuttā dassanāyattaparikkhayattā. Evañhi dassanaṃ āsavānaṃ khayassa purimakiriyābhāvena vuttaṃ.

Paññāvimuttoti visesato paññāya eva vimutto, na tassa adhiṭṭhānabhūtena aṭṭhavimokkhasaṅkhātena sātisayena samādhināti paññāvimutto. Yo ariyo anadhigataaṭṭhavimokkho sabbaso āsavehi vimutto, tassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Adhigatepi hi rūpajjhānavimokkhe na so sātisayasamādhinissitoti na tassa vasena ubhatobhāgavimuttatā hotīti vuttovāyamattho. Arūpajjhānesu pana ekasmimpi sati ubhatobhāgavimuttoyeva nāma hoti. Tena hi aṭṭhavimokkhekadesena taṃnāmadānasamatthena aṭṭhavimokkhalābhītveva vuccati. Samudāye hi pavatto vohāro avayavepi dissati yathā taṃ ‘‘sattisayo’’ti anavasesato āsavānaṃ parikkhīṇattā. Aṭṭhavimokkhapaṭikkhepavaseneva na ekadesabhūtarūpajjhānappaṭikkhepavasena. Evañhi arūpajjhānekadesābhāvepi aṭṭhavimokkhapaṭikkhepo na hotīti siddhaṃ hoti. Arūpāvacarajjhānesu hi ekasmimpi sati ubhatobhāgavimuttoyeva nāma hoti.

Phuṭṭhantaṃ sacchikatoti phuṭṭhānaṃ anto phuṭṭhanto, phuṭṭhānaṃ arūpajjhānānaṃ anantaro kāloti adhippāyo. Accantasaṃyoge cetaṃ upayogavacanaṃ. Taṃ phuṭṭhānantarakālameva sacchikātabbaṃ sacchikato sacchikaraṇūpāyenāti vuttaṃ hoti, bhāvanapuṃsakaṃ vā etaṃ ‘‘ekamantaṃ nisīdī’’tiādīsu viya. Yo hi arūpajjhānena rūpakāyato nāmakāyekadesato ca vikkhambhanavimokkhena vimutto, tena nirodhasaṅkhāto vimokkho ālocito pakāsito viya hoti, na pana kāyena sacchikato. Nirodhaṃ pana ārammaṇaṃ katvā ekaccesu āsavesu khepitesu tena so sacchikato hoti, tasmā so sacchikātabbaṃ nirodhaṃ yathāālocitaṃ nāmakāyena sacchi karotīti ‘‘kāyasakkhī’’ti vuccati, na tu ‘‘vimutto’’ti ekaccānaṃ āsavānaṃ aparikkhīṇattā. Tenāha ‘‘jhānaphassaṃ paṭhamaṃ phusati, pacchā nirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikarotī’’ti. Ayaṃ catunnaṃ arūpasamāpattīnaṃ ekekato vuṭṭhāya saṅkhāre sammasitvā kāyasakkhibhāvaṃ pattānaṃ catunnaṃ, nirodhā vuṭṭhāya aggamaggappattaanāgāmino ca vasena ubhatobhāgavimutto viya pañcavidho nāma hotīti vuttaṃ abhidhammaṭīkāyaṃ (pu. pa. mūlaṭī. 24) ‘‘kāyasakkhimhipi eseva nayo’’ti. Ekacce āsavāti heṭṭhimamaggavajjhā āsavā.

Diṭṭhantaṃ pattoti dassanasaṅkhātassa sotāpattimaggañāṇassa anantaraṃ pattoti vuttaṃ hoti. ‘‘Diṭṭhattā patto’’tipi pāṭho. Etena catusaccadassanasaṅkhātāya diṭṭhiyā nirodhassa pattataṃ dīpeti. Tenāha ‘‘dukkhā saṅkhārā’’tiādi. Tattha paññāyāti maggapaññāya. Paṭhamaphalaṭṭhato paṭṭhāya yāva aggamaggaṭṭhā diṭṭhippatto. Tenāha ‘‘sopi kāyasakkhī viya chabbidho hotī’’ti. Yathā pana paññāvimutto, evaṃ ayampi sukkhavipassako catūhi arūpajjhānehi vuṭṭhāya diṭṭhippattabhāvappattā cattāro cāti pañcavidho hotīti veditabbo. Saddhāvimuttepi eseva nayo. Idaṃ dukkhanti ettakaṃ dukkhaṃ, na ito uddhaṃ dukkhanti. Yathābhūtaṃ pajānātīti ṭhapetvā taṇhaṃ upādānakkhandhapañcakaṃ dukkhasaccanti yāthāvato pajānāti. Yasmā pana taṇhā dukkhaṃ janeti nibbatteti, tato taṃ dukkhaṃ samudeti, tasmā naṃ ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Yasmā pana idaṃ dukkhañca samudayo ca nibbānaṃ patvā nirujjhati, appavattiṃ gacchati, tasmā na ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Ariyo pana aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo taṃ dukkhanirodhaṃ gacchati, tena taṃ ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Ettāvatā nānākkhaṇe saccavavatthānaṃ dassitaṃ. Idāni taṃ ekakkhaṇe dassetuṃ ‘‘tathāgatappaveditā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tathāgatappaveditāti tathāgatena bodhimaṇḍe paṭividdhā viditā pākaṭā katā. Dhammāti catusaccadhammā. Vodiṭṭhā hontīti sudiṭṭhā. Vocaritāti sucaritā, paññāya suṭṭhu carāpitāti attho. Ayanti ayaṃ evarūpo puggalo diṭṭhippattoti.

Saddhāya vimuttoti saddahanavasena vimutto. Etena sabbathā avimuttassapi saddhāmattena vimuttabhāvaṃ dasseti. Saddhāvimuttoti vā saddhāya adhimuttoti attho. Kiṃ pana nesaṃ kilesappahāne nānattaṃ atthīti? Natthi. Atha kasmā saddhāvimutto diṭṭhippattaṃ na pāpuṇātīti? Āgamanīyanānattena. Diṭṭhippatto hi āgamanamhi kilese vikkhambhento appadukkhena akasirena akilamantova sakkoti vikkhambhituṃ, saddhāvimutto pana dukkhena kasirena kilamanto sakkoti vikkhambhituṃ, tasmā saddhāvimutto diṭṭhippattaṃ na pāpuṇāti. Tenāha ‘‘etassa hī’’tiādi. Saddahantassāti ‘‘ekaṃsato ayaṃ paṭipadā kilesakkhayaṃ āvahati sammāsambuddhena bhāsitattā’’ti evaṃ saddahantassa. Yasmā panassa aniccānupassanādīhi niccasaññāpahānavasena bhāvanāya pubbenāparaṃ visesaṃ passato tattha tattha paccakkhatāpi atthi, tasmā vuttaṃ ‘‘saddahantassa viyā’’ti. Sesapadadvayaṃ tasseva vevacanaṃ. Ettha ca pubbabhāgamaggabhāvanāti vacanena āgamanīyanānattena diṭṭhippattasaddhāvimuttānaṃ paññānānattaṃ hotīti dassitaṃ. Abhidhammaṭṭhakathāyampi (pu. pa. aṭṭha. 28) ‘‘nesaṃ kilesappahāne nānattaṃ natthi, paññāya nānattaṃ atthiyevā’’ti vatvā ‘‘āgamanīyanānatteneva saddhāvimutto diṭṭhippattaṃ na pāpuṇātīti sanniṭṭhānaṃ kata’’nti vuttaṃ.

Ārammaṇaṃ yāthāvato dhāreti avadhāretīti dhammo, paññā. Taṃ paññāsaṅkhātaṃ dhammaṃ adhimattatāya pubbaṅgamaṃ hutvā pavattaṃ anussaratīti dhammānusārī. Tenāha ‘‘dhammo’’tiādi. Paññāpubbaṅgamanti paññāpadhānaṃ. ‘‘Saddhaṃ anussarati, saddhāpubbaṅgamaṃ maggaṃ bhāvetī’’ti imamatthaṃ eseva nayoti atidisati. Paññaṃ vāhetīti paññāvāhī, paññaṃ sātisayaṃ pavattetīti attho. Tenāha ‘‘paññāpubbaṅgamaṃ ariyamaggaṃ bhāvetī’’ti. Paññā vā puggalaṃ vāheti nibbānābhimukhaṃ gametīti paññāvāhī. Saddhāvāhīti etthāpi iminā nayeneva attho veditabbo. Ubhatobhāgavimuttādikathāti ubhatobhāgavimuttādīsu āgamanato paṭṭhāya vattabbakathā. Tasmāti visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 2.773, 889) vuttattā. Tato eva visuddhimaggasaṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ (visuddhi. mahāṭī. 2.773) vuttanayeneva cettha attho veditabbo.

Puggalasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.