4. Puṇṇattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Sabbhirevasamāsethāti āyasmato puṇṇattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa dasabalassa uppattito puretarameva haṃsavatīnagare brāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbatto anukkamena viññutaṃ patto satthari loke uppajjante ekadivasaṃ buddhānaṃ dhammadesanākāle heṭṭhā vuttanayena mahājanena saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gantvā parisapariyante nisīditvā dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ dhammakathikānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā ‘‘mayāpi anāgate evarūpena bhavituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti cintetvā desanāvasāne vuṭṭhitāya parisāya satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā nimantetvā heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva mahāsakkāraṃ katvā bhagavantaṃ evamāha – ‘‘bhante, ahaṃ iminā adhikārakammena nāññaṃ sampattiṃ patthemi. Yathā pana so bhikkhu ito sattamadivasamatthake dhammakathikānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito, evaṃ ahampi anāgate ekassa buddhassa sāsane dhammakathikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ aggo bhaveyya’’nti patthanaṃ akāsi. Satthā anāgataṃ oloketvā tassa patthanāya samijjhanabhāvaṃ disvā ‘‘anāgate kappasatasahassamatthake gotamo nāma buddho uppajjissati, tassa sāsane tvaṃ pabbajitvā dhammakathikānaṃ aggo bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi.

So tattha yāvajīvaṃ kalyāṇadhammaṃ katvā tato cuto kappasatasahassaṃ puññañāṇasambhāraṃ sambharanto devamanussesu saṃsaritvā amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle kapilavatthunagarassa avidūre doṇavatthunāmake brāhmaṇagāme brāhmaṇamahāsālakule aññāsikoṇḍaññattherassa bhāgineyyo hutvā nibbatti. Tassa nāmaggahaṇadivase ‘‘puṇṇo’’ti nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So satthari abhisambodhiṃ patvā pavattavaradhammacakke anupubbena rājagahaṃ gantvā taṃ upanissāya viharante aññāsikoṇḍaññattherassa santike pabbajitvā laddhūpasampado sabbaṃ pubbakiccaṃ katvā padhānamanuyuñjanto pabbajitakiccaṃ matthakaṃ pāpetvāva ‘‘dasabalassa santikaṃ gamissāmī’’ti mātulattherena saddhiṃ satthu santikaṃ agantvā kapilavatthusāmantāyeva ohīyitvā yonisomanasikāre kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Vuttampi cetaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.1.434-440) –

‘‘Ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedāna pāragū;

Purakkhatomhi sissehi, upagacchiṃ naruttamaṃ.

‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;

Mama kammaṃ pakittesi, saṃkhittena mahāmuni.

‘‘Tāhaṃ dhammaṃ suṇitvāna, abhivādetvāna satthuno;

Añjaliṃ paggahetvāna, pakkamiṃ dakkhiṇāmukho.

‘‘Saṃkhittena suṇitvāna, vitthārena abhāsayiṃ;

Sabbe sissā attamanā, sutvāna mama bhāsato.

‘‘Sakaṃ diṭṭhiṃ vinodetvā, buddhe cittaṃ pasādayuṃ;

Saṃkhittenapi desemi, vitthārena tathevahaṃ.

‘‘Abhidhammanayaññūhaṃ, kathāvatthuvisuddhiyā;

Sabbesaṃ viññāpetvāna, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Ito pañcasate kappe, caturo suppakāsakā;

Sattaratanasampannā, catudīpamhi issarā.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Tassa pana puṇṇattherassa santike pabbajitā kulaputtā pañcasatā ahesuṃ. Thero sayaṃ dasakathāvatthulābhitāya tepi dasahi kathāvatthūhi ovadi. Te tassa ovāde ṭhatvā sabbeva arahattaṃ pattā. Te attano pabbajitakiccaṃ matthakappattaṃ ñatvā upajjhāyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā āhaṃsu – ‘‘bhante, amhākaṃ kiccaṃ matthakappattaṃ, dasannañcamha kathāvatthūnaṃ lābhino, samayo, dāni no dasabalaṃ passitu’’nti. Thero tesaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā cintesi – ‘‘mama dasakathāvatthulābhitaṃ satthā jānāti ahaṃ dhammaṃ desento dasa kathāvatthūni amuñcitvāva desemi, mayi gacchante sabbepime bhikkhū maṃ parivāretvā gacchissanti, evaṃ gaṇasaṅgaṇikāya gantvā pana ayuttaṃ mayhaṃ dasabalaṃ passituṃ, ime tāva gantvā passantū’’ti te bhikkhū āha – ‘‘āvuso, tumhe purato gantvā tathāgataṃ passatha, mama vacanena cassa pāde vandatha, ahampi tumhākaṃ gatamaggenāgamissāmī’’ti. Te therā sabbepi dasabalassa jātibhūmiraṭṭhavāsino sabbe khīṇāsavā sabbe dasakathāvatthulābhino attano upajjhāyassa ovādaṃ sampaṭicchitvā theraṃ vanditvā anupubbena cārikaṃ carantā saṭṭhiyojanamaggaṃ atikkamma rājagahe veḷuvanamahāvihāraṃ gantvā dasabalassa pāde vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu.

Āciṇṇaṃ kho panetaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ āgantukehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ paṭisammoditunti bhagavā tehi saddhiṃ – ‘‘kacci, bhikkhave, khamanīya’’ntiādinā nayena madhurapaṭisanthāraṃ katvā ‘‘kuto ca tumhe, bhikkhave, āgacchathā’’ti pucchi . Atha tehi ‘‘jātibhūmito’’ti vutte ‘‘ko nu kho, bhikkhave, jātibhūmiyaṃ jātibhūmakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ evaṃ sambhāvito ‘attanā ca appiccho appicchakathañca bhikkhūnaṃ kattā’’’ti (ma. ni. 1.252) dasakathāvatthulābhiṃ bhikkhuṃ pucchi. Tepi ‘‘puṇṇo nāma, bhante, āyasmā mantāṇiputto’’ti ārocayiṃsu. Taṃ kathaṃ sutvā āyasmā sāriputto therassa dassanakāmo ahosi. Atha satthā rājagahato sāvatthiṃ agamāsi . Puṇṇattheropi dasabalassa tattha āgatabhāvaṃ sutvā – ‘‘satthāraṃ passissāmī’’ti gantvā antogandhakuṭiyaṃyeva tathāgataṃ sampāpuṇi. Satthā tassa dhammaṃ desesi. Thero dhammaṃ sutvā dasabalaṃ vanditvā paṭisallānatthāya andhavanaṃ gantvā aññataramhi rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi.

Sāriputtattheropi tassāgamanaṃ sutvā sīsānulokiko gantvā okāsaṃ sallakkhetvā taṃ rukkhamūle nisinnaṃ upasaṅkamitvā therena saddhiṃ sammoditvā, taṃ sattavisuddhikkamaṃ pucchi. Theropissa pucchitapucchitaṃ byākaronto rathavinītūpamāya cittaṃ ārādhesi, te aññamaññassa subhāsitaṃ samanumodiṃsu. Atha satthā aparabhāge bhikkhusaṅghamajjhe nisinno theraṃ ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhammakathikānaṃ yadidaṃ puṇṇo’’ti (a. ni. 1.188, 196) dhammakathikānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. So ekadivasaṃ attano vimuttisampattiṃ paccavekkhitvā ‘‘satthāraṃ nissāya ahañceva aññe ca bahū sattā saṃsāradukkhato vippamuttā, bahūpakārā vata sappurisasaṃsevā’’ti pītisomanassajāto udānavasena pītivegavissaṭṭhaṃ ‘‘sabbhireva samāsethā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.

4. Tattha sabbhirevāti sappurisehi eva. Santoti panettha buddhādayo ariyā adhippetā. Te hi anavasesato asataṃ dhammaṃ pahāya saddhamme ukkaṃsagatattā sātisayaṃ pasaṃsiyattā ca visesato ‘‘santo sappurisā’’ti ca vuccanti. Samāsethāti samaṃ āsetha saha vaseyya. Te payirupāsanto tesaṃ sussūsanto diṭṭhānugatiñca āpajjanto samānavāso bhaveyyāti attho. Paṇḍitehatthadassibhīti tesaṃ thomanā. Paṇḍā vuccati paññā, sā imesaṃ sañjātāti paṇḍitā. Tato eva attatthādibhedaṃ atthaṃ aviparītato passantīti atthadassino. Tehi paṇḍitehi atthadassībhi samāsetha. Kasmāti ce? Yasmā te santo paṇḍitā, te vā sammā sevantā ekantahitabhāvato maggañāṇādīheva araṇīyato atthaṃ, mahāguṇatāya santatāya ca mahantaṃ, agādhabhāvato gambhīrañāṇagocarato ca gambhīraṃ, hīnacchandādīhi daṭṭhuṃ asakkuṇeyyattā itarehi ca kicchena daṭṭhabbattā duddasaṃ, duddasattā saṇhanipuṇasabhāvattā nipuṇañāṇagocarato ca nipuṇaṃ, nipuṇattā evaṃ sukhumasabhāvatāya aṇuṃ nibbānaṃ, aviparītaṭṭhena vā paramatthasabhāvattā atthaṃ, ariyabhāvakarattā mahattanimittatāya mahantaṃ, anuttānasabhāvatāya gambhīraṃ, dukkhena daṭṭhabbaṃ na sukhena daṭṭhuṃ sakkāti duddasaṃ, gambhīrattā duddasaṃ, duddasattā gambhīranti catusaccaṃ, visesato nipuṇaṃ aṇuṃ, nirodhasaccanti evametaṃ catusaccaṃ dhīrā samadhigacchanti dhitisampannatāya dhīrā catusaccakammaṭṭhānabhāvanaṃ ussukkāpetvā sammadeva adhigacchanti. Appamattāti sabbattha satiavippavāsena appamādapaṭipattiṃ pūrentā. Vicakkhaṇāti vipassanābhāvanāya chekā kusalā. Tasmā sabbhireva samāsethāti yojanā. Paṇḍitehatthadassibhīti vā etaṃ nissakkavacanaṃ. Yasmā paṇḍitehi atthadassībhi samudāyabhūtehi dhīrā appamattā vicakkhaṇā mahantādivisesavantaṃ atthaṃ samadhigacchanti, tasmā tādisehi sabbhireva samāsethāti sambandho. Evamesā therassa paṭivedhadīpanena aññābyākaraṇagāthāpi ahosīti.

Puṇṇattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.