English Edition

Tipiṭaka / Tipiṭaka (English) / Majjhima Nikāya, English translation

मज्झिम निकाय ८२

Majjhima Nikāya 82

The Middle-Length Suttas Collection 82

रट्ठपालसुत्त

Raṭṭhapālasutta

With Raṭṭhapāla

एवं मे सुतं—एकं समयं भगवा कुरूसु चारिकं चरमानो महता भिक्खुसङ्घेन सद्धिं येन थुल्लकोट्ठिकं नाम कुरूनं निगमो तदवसरि।

Evaṁ me sutaṁ—ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā kurūsu cārikaṁ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṁ yena thullakoṭṭhikaṁ nāma kurūnaṁ nigamo tadavasari.

So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was wandering in the land of the Kurus together with a large Saṅgha of bhikkhus when he arrived at a town of the Kurus named Thullakoṭṭhita.

अस्सोसुं खो थुल्लकोट्ठिका ब्राह्मणगहपतिका:

Assosuṁ kho thullakoṭṭhikā¹ brāhmaṇagahapatikā:

The brahmins and householders of Thullakoṭṭhita heard:

“समणो खलु, भो, गोतमो सक्यपुत्तो सक्यकुला पब्बजितो कुरूसु चारिकं चरमानो महता भिक्खुसङ्घेन सद्धिं थुल्लकोट्ठिकं अनुप्पत्तो। तं खो पन भवन्तं गोतमं एवं कल्याणो कित्तिसद्दो अब्भुग्गतो: ‘इतिपि सो भगवा अरहं सम्मासम्बुद्धो विज्जाचरणसम्पन्नो सुगतो लोकविदू अनुत्तरो पुरिसदम्मसारथि सत्था देवमनुस्सानं बुद्धो भगवाऽति। सो इमं लोकं सदेवकं समारकं सब्रह्मकं सस्समणब्राह्मणिं पजं सदेवमनुस्सं सयं अभिञ्ञा सच्छिकत्वा पवेदेति। सो धम्मं देसेति आदिकल्याणं मज्झेकल्याणं परियोसानकल्याणं सात्थं सब्यञ्जनं, केवलपरिपुण्णं परिसुद्धं ब्रह्मचरियं पकासेति। साधु खो पन तथारूपानं अरहतं दस्सनं होती”ति।

“samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito kurūsu cārikaṁ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṁ thullakoṭṭhikaṁ anuppatto. Taṁ kho pana bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato: ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṁ buddho bhagavā’ti. So imaṁ lokaṁ sadevakaṁ samārakaṁ sabrahmakaṁ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṁ pajaṁ sadevamanussaṁ sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṁ deseti ādikalyāṇaṁ majjhekalyāṇaṁ pariyosānakalyāṇaṁ sātthaṁ sabyañjanaṁ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṁ parisuddhaṁ brahmacariyaṁ pakāseti. Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṁ arahataṁ dassanaṁ hotī”ti.

“It seems the ascetic Gotama—a Sakyan, gone forth from a Sakyan family—has arrived at Thullakoṭṭhita, together with a large Saṅgha of bhikkhus. He has this good reputation: ‘That Blessed One is perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those who wish to train, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.’ He has realized with his own insight this world—with its gods, Māras and Brahmās, this population with its ascetics and brahmins, gods and humans—and he makes it known to others. He teaches Dhamma that’s good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, meaningful and well-phrased. And he reveals a spiritual practice that’s entirely full and pure. It’s good to see such perfected ones.”

अथ खो थुल्लकोट्ठिका ब्राह्मणगहपतिका येन भगवा तेनुपसङ्कमिंसु; उपसङ्कमित्वा अप्पेकच्चे भगवन्तं अभिवादेत्वा एकमन्तं निसीदिंसु; अप्पेकच्चे भगवता सद्धिं सम्मोदिंसु, सम्मोदनीयं कथं सारणीयं वीतिसारेत्वा एकमन्तं निसीदिंसु; अप्पेकच्चे येन भगवा तेनञ्जलिं पणामेत्वा एकमन्तं निसीदिंसु; अप्पेकच्चे भगवतो सन्तिके नामगोत्तं सावेत्वा एकमन्तं निसीदिंसु; अप्पेकच्चे तुण्हीभूता एकमन्तं निसीदिंसु। एकमन्तं निसिन्ने खो थुल्लकोट्ठिके ब्राह्मणगहपतिके भगवा धम्मिया कथाय सन्दस्सेसि समादपेसि समुत्तेजेसि सम्पहंसेसि।

Atha kho thullakoṭṭhikā brāhmaṇagahapatikā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā appekacce bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu; appekacce bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodiṁsu, sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu; appekacce yena bhagavā tenañjaliṁ paṇāmetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu; appekacce bhagavato santike nāmagottaṁ sāvetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu; appekacce tuṇhībhūtā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu. Ekamantaṁ nisinne kho thullakoṭṭhike brāhmaṇagahapatike bhagavā dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṁsesi.

Then the brahmins and householders of Thullakoṭṭhita went up to the Buddha. Before sitting down to one side, some bowed, some exchanged greetings and polite conversation, some held up their joined palms toward the Buddha, some announced their name and clan, while some kept silent. When they were seated, the Buddha educated, encouraged, fired up, and inspired them with a Dhamma talk.

तेन खो पन समयेन रट्ठपालो नाम कुलपुत्तो तस्मिंयेव थुल्लकोट्ठिके अग्गकुलस्स पुत्तो तिस्सं परिसायं निसिन्नो होति। अथ खो रट्ठपालस्स कुलपुत्तस्स एतदहोसि: “यथा यथा ख्वाहं भगवता धम्मं देसितं आजानामि, नयिदं सुकरं अगारं अज्झावसता एकन्तपरिपुण्णं एकन्तपरिसुद्धं सङ्खलिखितं ब्रह्मचरियं चरितुं। यन्नूनाहं केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजेय्यन्”ति।

Tena kho pana samayena raṭṭhapālo nāma kulaputto tasmiṁyeva thullakoṭṭhike aggakulassa² putto tissaṁ parisāyaṁ nisinno hoti. Atha kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa etadahosi: “yathā yathā khvāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, nayidaṁ sukaraṁ agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṁ ekantaparisuddhaṁ saṅkhalikhitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ carituṁ. Yannūnāhaṁ kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajeyyan”ti.

Now at that time a gentleman named Raṭṭhapāla, the son of the leading clan in Thullakoṭṭhita, was sitting in the assembly. He thought, “As I understand the Buddha’s teachings, it’s not easy for someone living at home to lead the spiritual life utterly full and pure, like a polished shell. Why don’t I shave off my hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from lay life to homelessness?”

अथ खो थुल्लकोट्ठिका ब्राह्मणगहपतिका भगवता धम्मिया कथाय सन्दस्सिता समादपिता समुत्तेजिता सम्पहंसिता भगवतो भासितं अभिनन्दित्वा अनुमोदित्वा उट्ठायासना भगवन्तं अभिवादेत्वा पदक्खिणं कत्वा पक्कमिंसु।

Atha kho thullakoṭṭhikā brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassitā samādapitā samuttejitā sampahaṁsitā bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā pakkamiṁsu.

Then, having approved and agreed with what the Buddha said, the brahmins and householders of Thullakoṭṭhita got up from their seat, bowed, and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on their right, before leaving.

अथ खो रट्ठपालो कुलपुत्तो अचिरपक्कन्तेसु थुल्लकोट्ठिकेसु ब्राह्मणगहपतिकेसु येन भगवा तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा भगवन्तं अभिवादेत्वा एकमन्तं निसीदि। एकमन्तं निसिन्नो खो रट्ठपालो कुलपुत्तो भगवन्तं एतदवोच: “यथा यथाहं, भन्ते, भगवता धम्मं देसितं आजानामि, नयिदं सुकरं अगारं अज्झावसता एकन्तपरिपुण्णं एकन्तपरिसुद्धं सङ्खलिखितं ब्रह्मचरियं चरितुं। इच्छामहं, भन्ते, केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितुं। लभेय्याहं, भन्ते, भगवतो सन्तिके पब्बज्जं, लभेय्यं उपसम्पदं। पब्बाजेतु मं भगवा”ति।

Atha kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto acirapakkantesu thullakoṭṭhikesu brāhmaṇagahapatikesu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: “yathā yathāhaṁ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, nayidaṁ sukaraṁ agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṁ ekantaparisuddhaṁ saṅkhalikhitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ carituṁ. Icchāmahaṁ, bhante, kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajituṁ. Labheyyāhaṁ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṁ, labheyyaṁ upasampadaṁ. Pabbājetu maṁ bhagavā”ti.

Soon after they left, Raṭṭhapāla went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him, “Sir, as I understand the Buddha’s teachings, it’s not easy for someone living at home to lead the spiritual life utterly full and pure, like a polished shell. I wish to shave off my hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness. Sir, may I receive the going forth, the ordination in the Buddha’s presence? May the Buddha please give me the going forth!”

“अनुञ्ञातोसि पन त्वं, रट्ठपाल, मातापितूहि अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाया”ति?

“Anuññātosi pana tvaṁ, raṭṭhapāla, mātāpitūhi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāyā”ti?

“But, Raṭṭhapāla, do you have your parents’ permission?”

“न खोहं, भन्ते, अनुञ्ञातो मातापितूहि अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाया”ति।

“Na khohaṁ, bhante, anuññāto mātāpitūhi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāyā”ti.

“No, sir.”

“न खो, रट्ठपाल, तथागता अननुञ्ञातं मातापितूहि पुत्तं पब्बाजेन्ती”ति।

“Na kho, raṭṭhapāla, tathāgatā ananuññātaṁ mātāpitūhi puttaṁ pabbājentī”ti.

“Raṭṭhapāla, Buddhas don’t give the going forth to the child of parents who haven’t given their permission.”

“स्वाहं, भन्ते, तथा करिस्सामि यथा मं मातापितरो अनुजानिस्सन्ति अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाया”ति।

“Svāhaṁ, bhante, tathā karissāmi yathā maṁ mātāpitaro anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāyā”ti.

“I’ll make sure, sir, to get my parents’ permission.”

अथ खो रट्ठपालो कुलपुत्तो उट्ठायासना भगवन्तं अभिवादेत्वा पदक्खिणं कत्वा येन मातापितरो तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा मातापितरो एतदवोच: “अम्मताता, यथा यथाहं भगवता धम्मं देसितं आजानामि, नयिदं सुकरं अगारं अज्झावसता एकन्तपरिपुण्णं एकन्तपरिसुद्धं सङ्खलिखितं ब्रह्मचरियं चरितुं। इच्छामहं केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितुं। अनुजानाथ मं अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाया”ति।

Atha kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā yena mātāpitaro tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā mātāpitaro etadavoca: “ammatātā, yathā yathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, nayidaṁ sukaraṁ agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṁ ekantaparisuddhaṁ saṅkhalikhitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ carituṁ. Icchāmahaṁ kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajituṁ. Anujānātha maṁ agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāyā”ti.

Then Raṭṭhapāla got up from his seat, bowed, and respectfully circled the Buddha. Then he went to his parents and said, “Mum and dad, as I understand the Buddha’s teachings, it’s not easy for someone living at home to lead the spiritual life utterly full and pure, like a polished shell. I wish to shave off my hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness. Please give me permission to go forth.”

एवं वुत्ते, रट्ठपालस्स कुलपुत्तस्स मातापितरो रट्ठपालं कुलपुत्तं एतदवोचुं: “त्वं खोसि, तात रट्ठपाल, अम्हाकं एकपुत्तको पियो मनापो सुखेधितो सुखपरिभतो। न त्वं, तात रट्ठपाल, कस्सचि दुक्खस्स जानासि। (…) मरणेनपि ते मयं अकामका विना भविस्साम। किं पन मयं तं जीवन्तं अनुजानिस्साम अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाया”ति?

Evaṁ vutte, raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro raṭṭhapālaṁ kulaputtaṁ etadavocuṁ: “tvaṁ khosi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, amhākaṁ ekaputtako piyo manāpo sukhedhito sukhaparibhato. Na tvaṁ, tāta raṭṭhapāla, kassaci dukkhassa jānāsi. (…) Maraṇenapi te mayaṁ akāmakā vinā bhavissāma. Kiṁ pana mayaṁ taṁ jīvantaṁ anujānissāma agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāyā”ti?

When he said this, Raṭṭhapāla’s parents said to him, “But, dear Raṭṭhapāla, you’re our only child. You’re dear to us and we love you. You’re dainty and raised in comfort. You know nothing of suffering. When you die we will lose you against our wishes. So how can we allow you to go forth while you’re still alive?”

दुतियम्पि खो रट्ठपालो कुलपुत्तो …पे… ततियम्पि खो रट्ठपालो कुलपुत्तो मातापितरो एतदवोच: “अम्मताता, यथा यथाहं भगवता धम्मं देसितं आजानामि, नयिदं सुकरं अगारं अज्झावसता एकन्तपरिपुण्णं एकन्तपरिसुद्धं सङ्खलिखितं ब्रह्मचरियं चरितुं। इच्छामहं केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितुं। अनुजानाथ मं अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाया”ति। ततियम्पि खो रट्ठपालस्स कुलपुत्तस्स मातापितरो रट्ठपालं कुलपुत्तं एतदवोचुं: “त्वं खोसि, तात रट्ठपाल, अम्हाकं एकपुत्तको पियो मनापो सुखेधितो सुखपरिभतो। न त्वं, तात रट्ठपाल, कस्सचि दुक्खस्स जानासि। मरणेनपि ते मयं अकामका विना भविस्साम। किं पन मयं तं जीवन्तं अनुजानिस्साम अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाया”ति?

Dutiyampi kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto …pe… tatiyampi kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto mātāpitaro etadavoca: “ammatātā, yathā yathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, nayidaṁ sukaraṁ agāraṁ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṁ ekantaparisuddhaṁ saṅkhalikhitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ carituṁ. Icchāmahaṁ kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajituṁ. Anujānātha maṁ agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāyā”ti. Tatiyampi kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro raṭṭhapālaṁ kulaputtaṁ etadavocuṁ: “tvaṁ khosi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, amhākaṁ ekaputtako piyo manāpo sukhedhito sukhaparibhato. Na tvaṁ, tāta raṭṭhapāla, kassaci dukkhassa jānāsi. Maraṇenapi te mayaṁ akāmakā vinā bhavissāma. Kiṁ pana mayaṁ taṁ jīvantaṁ anujānissāma agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāyā”ti?

For a second time, and a third time, Raṭṭhapāla asked his parents for permission, but got the same reply.

अथ खो रट्ठपालो कुलपुत्तो: “न मं मातापितरो अनुजानन्ति अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाया”ति तत्थेव अनन्तरहिताय भूमिया निपज्जि: “इधेव मे मरणं भविस्सति पब्बज्जा वा”ति। अथ खो रट्ठपालो कुलपुत्तो एकम्पि भत्तं न भुञ्जि, द्वेपि भत्तानि न भुञ्जि, तीणिपि भत्तानि न भुञ्जि, चत्तारिपि भत्तानि न भुञ्जि, पञ्चपि भत्तानि न भुञ्जि, छपि भत्तानि न भुञ्जि, सत्तपि भत्तानि न भुञ्जि।

Atha kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto: “na maṁ mātāpitaro anujānanti agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāyā”ti tattheva anantarahitāya bhūmiyā nipajji: “idheva me maraṇaṁ bhavissati pabbajjā vā”ti. Atha kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto ekampi bhattaṁ na bhuñji, dvepi bhattāni na bhuñji, tīṇipi bhattāni na bhuñji, cattāripi bhattāni na bhuñji, pañcapi bhattāni na bhuñji, chapi bhattāni na bhuñji, sattapi bhattāni na bhuñji.

Then Raṭṭhapāla thought, “My parents don’t allow me to go forth.” He laid down there on the bare ground, saying, “I’ll either die right here or go forth.” And he refused to eat, up to the seventh meal.

अथ खो रट्ठपालस्स कुलपुत्तस्स मातापितरो रट्ठपालं कुलपुत्तं एतदवोचुं: “त्वं खोसि, तात रट्ठपाल, अम्हाकं एकपुत्तको पियो मनापो सुखेधितो सुखपरिभतो। न त्वं, तात रट्ठपाल, कस्सचि, दुक्खस्स जानासि। मरणेनपि ते मयं अकामका विना भविस्साम। किं पन मयं तं जीवन्तं अनुजानिस्साम अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाय। उट्ठेहि, तात रट्ठपाल, भुञ्ज च पिव च परिचारेहि च; भुञ्जन्तो पिवन्तो परिचारेन्तो कामे परिभुञ्जन्तो पुञ्ञानि करोन्तो अभिरमस्सु। न तं मयं अनुजानाम अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाय। मरणेनपि ते मयं अकामका विना भविस्साम। किं पन मयं तं जीवन्तं अनुजानिस्साम अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाया”ति?

Atha kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro raṭṭhapālaṁ kulaputtaṁ etadavocuṁ: “tvaṁ khosi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, amhākaṁ ekaputtako piyo manāpo sukhedhito sukhaparibhato. Na tvaṁ, tāta raṭṭhapāla, kassaci, dukkhassa jānāsi. Maraṇenapi te mayaṁ akāmakā vinā bhavissāma. Kiṁ pana mayaṁ taṁ jīvantaṁ anujānissāma agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāya. Uṭṭhehi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, bhuñja ca piva ca paricārehi ca; bhuñjanto pivanto paricārento kāme paribhuñjanto puññāni karonto abhiramassu. Na taṁ mayaṁ anujānāma agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāya. Maraṇenapi te mayaṁ akāmakā vinā bhavissāma. Kiṁ pana mayaṁ taṁ jīvantaṁ anujānissāma agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāyā”ti?

Then Raṭṭhapāla’s parents said to him, “Dear Raṭṭhapāla, you’re our only child. You’re dear to us and we love you. You’re dainty and raised in comfort. You know nothing of suffering. When you die we will lose you against our wishes. So how can we allow you to go forth from lay life to homelessness while you’re still living? Get up, Raṭṭhapāla! Eat, drink, and amuse yourself. While enjoying sensual pleasures, delight in making merit. We don’t allow you to go forth. When you die we will lose you against our wishes. So how can we allow you to go forth while you’re still alive?”

एवं वुत्ते, रट्ठपालो कुलपुत्तो तुण्ही अहोसि।

Evaṁ vutte, raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tuṇhī ahosi.

When they said this, Raṭṭhapāla kept silent.

दुतियम्पि खो रट्ठपालस्स कुलपुत्तस्स मातापितरो रट्ठपालं कुलपुत्तं एतदवोचुं …पे… दुतियम्पि खो रट्ठपालो कुलपुत्तो तुण्ही अहोसि। ततियम्पि खो रट्ठपालस्स कुलपुत्तस्स मातापितरो रट्ठपालं कुलपुत्तं एतदवोचुं: “त्वं खोसि, तात रट्ठपाल, अम्हाकं एकपुत्तको पियो मनापो सुखेधितो सुखपरिभतो। न त्वं, तात रट्ठपाल, कस्सचि दुक्खस्स जानासि। मरणेनपि ते मयं अकामका विना भविस्साम, किं पन मयं तं जीवन्तं अनुजानिस्साम अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाय। उट्ठेहि, तात रट्ठपाल, भुञ्ज च पिव च परिचारेहि च; भुञ्जन्तो पिवन्तो परिचारेन्तो कामे परिभुञ्जन्तो पुञ्ञानि करोन्तो अभिरमस्सु। न तं मयं अनुजानाम अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाय। मरणेनपि ते मयं अकामका विना भविस्साम। किं पन मयं तं जीवन्तं अनुजानिस्साम अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाया”ति?

Dutiyampi kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro raṭṭhapālaṁ kulaputtaṁ etadavocuṁ …pe… dutiyampi kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tuṇhī ahosi. Tatiyampi kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro raṭṭhapālaṁ kulaputtaṁ etadavocuṁ: “tvaṁ khosi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, amhākaṁ ekaputtako piyo manāpo sukhedhito sukhaparibhato. Na tvaṁ, tāta raṭṭhapāla, kassaci dukkhassa jānāsi. Maraṇenapi te mayaṁ akāmakā vinā bhavissāma, kiṁ pana mayaṁ taṁ jīvantaṁ anujānissāma agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāya. Uṭṭhehi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, bhuñja ca piva ca paricārehi ca; bhuñjanto pivanto paricārento kāme paribhuñjanto puññāni karonto abhiramassu. Na taṁ mayaṁ anujānāma agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāya. Maraṇenapi te mayaṁ akāmakā vinā bhavissāma. Kiṁ pana mayaṁ taṁ jīvantaṁ anujānissāma agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāyā”ti?

For a second time, and a third time, Raṭṭhapāla’s parents made the same request.

ततियम्पि खो रट्ठपालो कुलपुत्तो तुण्ही अहोसि।

Tatiyampi kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tuṇhī ahosi.

And for a third time, Raṭṭhapāla kept silent. Raṭṭhapāla’s parents then went to see his friends. They told them of the situation and asked for their help.

अथ खो रट्ठपालस्स कुलपुत्तस्स सहायका येन रट्ठपालो कुलपुत्तो तेनुपसङ्कमिंसु; उपसङ्कमित्वा रट्ठपालं कुलपुत्तं एतदवोचुं: “त्वं खोसि, सम्म रट्ठपाल, मातापितूनं एकपुत्तको पियो मनापो सुखेधितो सुखपरिभतो। न त्वं, सम्म रट्ठपाल, कस्सचि दुक्खस्स जानासि। मरणेनपि ते मातापितरो अकामका विना भविस्सन्ति। किं पन ते तं जीवन्तं अनुजानिस्सन्ति अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाय। उट्ठेहि, सम्म रट्ठपाल, भुञ्ज च पिव च परिचारेहि च; भुञ्जन्तो पिवन्तो परिचारेन्तो कामे परिभुञ्जन्तो पुञ्ञानि करोन्तो अभिरमस्सु। न तं मातापितरो अनुजानिस्सन्ति अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाय। मरणेनपि ते मातापितरो अकामका विना भविस्सन्ति। किं पन ते तं जीवन्तं अनुजानिस्सन्ति अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाया”ति?

Atha kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa sahāyakā yena raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā raṭṭhapālaṁ kulaputtaṁ etadavocuṁ: “tvaṁ khosi, samma raṭṭhapāla, mātāpitūnaṁ ekaputtako piyo manāpo sukhedhito sukhaparibhato. Na tvaṁ, samma raṭṭhapāla, kassaci dukkhassa jānāsi. Maraṇenapi te mātāpitaro akāmakā vinā bhavissanti. Kiṁ pana te taṁ jīvantaṁ anujānissanti³ agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāya. Uṭṭhehi, samma raṭṭhapāla, bhuñja ca piva ca paricārehi ca; bhuñjanto pivanto paricārento kāme paribhuñjanto puññāni karonto abhiramassu. Na taṁ mātāpitaro anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāya. Maraṇenapi te mātāpitaro akāmakā vinā bhavissanti. Kiṁ pana te taṁ jīvantaṁ anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāyā”ti?

Then Raṭṭhapāla’s friends went to him and said, “Our friend Raṭṭhapāla, you are your parents’ only child. You’re dear to them and they love you. You’re dainty and raised in comfort. You know nothing of suffering. When you die your parents will lose you against their wishes. So how can they allow you to go forth while you’re still alive? Get up, Raṭṭhapāla! Eat, drink, and amuse yourself. While enjoying sensual pleasures, delight in making merit. Your parents will not allow you to go forth. When you die your parents will lose you against their wishes. So how can they allow you to go forth while you’re still alive?”

एवं वुत्ते, रट्ठपालो कुलपुत्तो तुण्ही अहोसि।

Evaṁ vutte, raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tuṇhī ahosi.

When they said this, Raṭṭhapāla kept silent.

दुतियम्पि खो … ततियम्पि खो रट्ठपालस्स कुलपुत्तस्स सहायका रट्ठपालं कुलपुत्तं एतदवोचुं: “त्वं खोसि, सम्म रट्ठपाल, मातापितूनं एकपुत्तको पियो मनापो सुखेधितो सुखपरिभतो, न त्वं, सम्म रट्ठपाल, कस्सचि दुक्खस्स जानासि, मरणेनपि ते मातापितरो अकामका विना भविस्सन्ति। किं पन ते तं जीवन्तं अनुजानिस्सन्ति अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाय? उट्ठेहि, सम्म रट्ठपाल, भुञ्ज च पिव च परिचारेहि च, भुञ्जन्तो पिवन्तो परिचारेन्तो कामे परिभुञ्जन्तो पुञ्ञानि करोन्तो अभिरमस्सु। न तं मातापितरो अनुजानिस्सन्ति अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाय, मरणेनपि ते मातापितरो अकामका विना भविस्सन्ति। किं पन ते तं जीवन्तं अनुजानिस्सन्ति अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाया”ति? ततियम्पि खो रट्ठपालो कुलपुत्तो तुण्ही अहोसि।

Dutiyampi kho … tatiyampi kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa sahāyakā raṭṭhapālaṁ kulaputtaṁ etadavocuṁ: “tvaṁ khosi, samma raṭṭhapāla, mātāpitūnaṁ ekaputtako piyo manāpo sukhedhito sukhaparibhato, na tvaṁ, samma raṭṭhapāla, kassaci dukkhassa jānāsi, maraṇenapi te mātāpitaro akāmakā vinā bhavissanti. Kiṁ pana te taṁ jīvantaṁ anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāya? Uṭṭhehi, samma raṭṭhapāla, bhuñja ca piva ca paricārehi ca, bhuñjanto pivanto paricārento kāme paribhuñjanto puññāni karonto abhiramassu. Na taṁ mātāpitaro anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāya, maraṇenapi te mātāpitaro akāmakā vinā bhavissanti. Kiṁ pana te taṁ jīvantaṁ anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāyā”ti? Tatiyampi kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tuṇhī ahosi.

For a second time, and a third time, Raṭṭhapāla’s friends made the same request. And for a third time, Raṭṭhapāla kept silent.

अथ खो रट्ठपालस्स कुलपुत्तस्स सहायका येन रट्ठपालस्स कुलपुत्तस्स मातापितरो तेनुपसङ्कमिंसु; उपसङ्कमित्वा रट्ठपालस्स कुलपुत्तस्स मातापितरो एतदवोचुं: “अम्मताता, एसो रट्ठपालो कुलपुत्तो तत्थेव अनन्तरहिताय भूमिया निपन्नो: ‘इधेव मे मरणं भविस्सति पब्बज्जा वाऽति। सचे तुम्हे रट्ठपालं कुलपुत्तं नानुजानिस्सथ अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाय, तत्थेव मरणं आगमिस्सति। सचे पन तुम्हे रट्ठपालं कुलपुत्तं अनुजानिस्सथ अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाय, पब्बजितम्पि नं दक्खिस्सथ। सचे रट्ठपालो कुलपुत्तो नाभिरमिस्सति अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाय, का तस्स अञ्ञा गति भविस्सति? इधेव पच्चागमिस्सति। अनुजानाथ रट्ठपालं कुलपुत्तं अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाया”ति।

Atha kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa sahāyakā yena raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro etadavocuṁ: “ammatātā, eso raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tattheva⁴ anantarahitāya bhūmiyā nipanno: ‘idheva me maraṇaṁ bhavissati pabbajjā vā’ti. Sace tumhe raṭṭhapālaṁ kulaputtaṁ nānujānissatha agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāya, tattheva maraṇaṁ āgamissati. Sace pana⁵ tumhe raṭṭhapālaṁ kulaputtaṁ anujānissatha agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāya, pabbajitampi naṁ dakkhissatha. Sace raṭṭhapālo kulaputto nābhiramissati agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāya, kā tassa aññā gati bhavissati? Idheva paccāgamissati. Anujānātha raṭṭhapālaṁ kulaputtaṁ agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāyā”ti.

Then Raṭṭhapāla’s friends went to his parents and said, “Mum and dad, Raṭṭhapāla is lying there on the bare ground saying: ‘I’ll either die right here or go forth.’ If you don’t allow him to go forth, he’ll die there. But if you do allow him to go forth, you’ll see him again afterwards. And if he doesn’t enjoy the renunciate life, where else will he have to go? He’ll come right back here. Please give Raṭṭhapāla permission to go forth.”

“अनुजानाम, ताता, रट्ठपालं कुलपुत्तं अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाय। पब्बजितेन च पन मातापितरो उद्दस्सेतब्बा”ति।

“Anujānāma, tātā, raṭṭhapālaṁ kulaputtaṁ agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāya. Pabbajitena ca pana mātāpitaro uddassetabbā”ti.

“Then, dears, we give Raṭṭhapāla permission to go forth. But once gone forth he must visit his parents.”

अथ खो रट्ठपालस्स कुलपुत्तस्स सहायका येन रट्ठपालो कुलपुत्तो तेनुपसङ्कमिंसु; उपसङ्कमित्वा रट्ठपालं कुलपुत्तं एतदवोचुं: “उट्ठेहि, सम्म रट्ठपाल, अनुञ्ञातोसि मातापितूहि अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाय। पब्बजितेन च पन ते मातापितरो उद्दस्सेतब्बा”ति।

Atha kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa sahāyakā yena raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā raṭṭhapālaṁ kulaputtaṁ etadavocuṁ: “uṭṭhehi, samma raṭṭhapāla, anuññātosi mātāpitūhi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāya. Pabbajitena ca pana te mātāpitaro uddassetabbā”ti.

Then Raṭṭhapāla’s friends went to him and said, “Get up, Raṭṭhapāla! Your parents have given you permission to go forth from lay life to homelessness. But once gone forth you must visit your parents.”

अथ खो रट्ठपालो कुलपुत्तो उट्ठहित्वा बलं गाहेत्वा येन भगवा तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा भगवन्तं अभिवादेत्वा एकमन्तं निसीदि। एकमन्तं निसिन्नो खो रट्ठपालो कुलपुत्तो भगवन्तं एतदवोच: “अनुञ्ञातो अहं, भन्ते, मातापितूहि अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बज्जाय। पब्बाजेतु मं भगवा”ति।

Atha kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto uṭṭhahitvā balaṁ gāhetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: “anuññāto ahaṁ, bhante, mātāpitūhi agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajjāya. Pabbājetu maṁ bhagavā”ti.

Raṭṭhapāla got up and regained his strength. He went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him, “Sir, I have my parents’ permission to go forth from the lay life to homelessness. May the Buddha please give me the going forth.”

अलत्थ खो रट्ठपालो कुलपुत्तो भगवतो सन्तिके पब्बज्जं, अलत्थ उपसम्पदं। अथ खो भगवा अचिरूपसम्पन्ने आयस्मन्ते रट्ठपाले अड्ढमासुपसम्पन्ने थुल्लकोट्ठिके यथाभिरन्तं विहरित्वा येन सावत्थि तेन चारिकं पक्कामि। अनुपुब्बेन चारिकं चरमानो येन सावत्थि तदवसरि। तत्र सुदं भगवा सावत्थियं विहरति जेतवने अनाथपिण्डिकस्स आरामे।

Alattha kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto bhagavato santike pabbajjaṁ, alattha upasampadaṁ. Atha kho bhagavā acirūpasampanne āyasmante raṭṭhapāle aḍḍhamāsupasampanne thullakoṭṭhike yathābhirantaṁ viharitvā yena sāvatthi tena cārikaṁ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṁ caramāno yena sāvatthi tadavasari. Tatra sudaṁ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.

And Raṭṭhapāla received the going forth, the ordination in the Buddha’s presence. Not long after Venerable Raṭṭhapāla’s ordination, a fortnight later, the Buddha—having stayed in Thullakoṭṭhita as long as he pleased—set out for Sāvatthī. Traveling stage by stage, he arrived at Sāvatthī, where he stayed in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.

अथ खो आयस्मा रट्ठपालो एको वूपकट्ठो अप्पमत्तो आतापी पहितत्तो विहरन्तो नचिरस्सेव—यस्सत्थाय कुलपुत्ता सम्मदेव अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजन्ति, तदनुत्तरं—ब्रह्मचरियपरियोसानं दिट्ठेव धम्मे सयं अभिञ्ञा सच्छिकत्वा उपसम्पज्ज विहासि।

Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva—yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṁ—brahmacariyapariyosānaṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi.

Then Venerable Raṭṭhapāla, living alone, withdrawn, diligent, keen, and resolute, soon realized the supreme end of the spiritual path in this very life. He lived having achieved with his own insight the goal for which gentlemen rightly go forth from the lay life to homelessness.

“खीणा जाति, वुसितं ब्रह्मचरियं, कतं करणीयं, नापरं इत्थत्ताया”ति अब्भञ्ञासि। अञ्ञतरो खो पनायस्मा रट्ठपालो अरहतं अहोसि।

“Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, kataṁ karaṇīyaṁ, nāparaṁ itthattāyā”ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro kho panāyasmā raṭṭhapālo arahataṁ ahosi.

He understood: “Rebirth is ended; the spiritual journey has been completed; what had to be done has been done; there is no return to any state of existence.” And Venerable Raṭṭhapāla became one of the perfected.

अथ खो आयस्मा रट्ठपालो येन भगवा तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा भगवन्तं अभिवादेत्वा एकमन्तं निसीदि। एकमन्तं निसिन्नो खो आयस्मा रट्ठपालो भगवन्तं एतदवोच: “इच्छामहं, भन्ते, मातापितरो उद्दस्सेतुं, सचे मं भगवा अनुजानाती”ति।

Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: “icchāmahaṁ, bhante, mātāpitaro uddassetuṁ, sace maṁ bhagavā anujānātī”ti.

Then he went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him, “Sir, I’d like to visit my parents, if the Buddha allows it.”

अथ खो भगवा आयस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स चेतसा चेतो परिच्च मनसाकासि। यथा भगवा अञ्ञासि: “अभब्बो खो रट्ठपालो कुलपुत्तो सिक्खं पच्चक्खाय हीनायावत्तितुन्”ति, अथ खो भगवा आयस्मन्तं रट्ठपालं एतदवोच: “यस्सदानि त्वं, रट्ठपाल, कालं मञ्ञसी”ति।

Atha kho bhagavā āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa cetasā ceto paricca⁶ manasākāsi. Yathā⁷ bhagavā aññāsi: “abhabbo kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto sikkhaṁ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattitun”ti, atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṁ raṭṭhapālaṁ etadavoca: “yassadāni tvaṁ, raṭṭhapāla, kālaṁ maññasī”ti.

Then the Buddha focused on comprehending Raṭṭhapāla’s mind. When he knew that it was impossible for Raṭṭhapāla to resign the training and return to a lesser life, he said, “Please, Raṭṭhapāla, go at your convenience.”

अथ खो आयस्मा रट्ठपालो उट्ठायासना भगवन्तं अभिवादेत्वा पदक्खिणं कत्वा सेनासनं संसामेत्वा पत्तचीवरमादाय येन थुल्लकोट्ठिकं तेन चारिकं पक्कामि। अनुपुब्बेन चारिकं चरमानो येन थुल्लकोट्ठिको तदवसरि। तत्र सुदं आयस्मा रट्ठपालो थुल्लकोट्ठिके विहरति रञ्ञो कोरब्यस्स मिगचीरे। अथ खो आयस्मा रट्ठपालो पुब्बण्हसमयं निवासेत्वा पत्तचीवरमादाय थुल्लकोट्ठिकं पिण्डाय पाविसि। थुल्लकोट्ठिके सपदानं पिण्डाय चरमानो येन सकपितु निवेसनं तेनुपसङ्कमि।

Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā senāsanaṁ saṁsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena thullakoṭṭhikaṁ tena cārikaṁ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṁ caramāno yena thullakoṭṭhiko tadavasari. Tatra sudaṁ āyasmā raṭṭhapālo thullakoṭṭhike viharati rañño korabyassa migacīre. Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya thullakoṭṭhikaṁ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Thullakoṭṭhike sapadānaṁ piṇḍāya caramāno yena sakapitu nivesanaṁ tenupasaṅkami.

And then Raṭṭhapāla got up from his seat, bowed, and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on his right. Then he set his lodgings in order and, taking his bowl and robe, set out for Thullakoṭṭhita. Traveling stage by stage, he arrived at Thullakoṭṭhika, where he stayed in King Koravya’s deer range. Then Raṭṭhapāla robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, entered Thullakoṭṭhita for alms. Wandering indiscriminately for almsfood, he approached his own father’s house.

तेन खो पन समयेन आयस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स पिता मज्झिमाय द्वारसालाय उल्लिखापेति। अद्दसा खो आयस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स पिता आयस्मन्तं रट्ठपालं दूरतोव आगच्छन्तं। दिस्वान एतदवोच:

Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā majjhimāya dvārasālāya ullikhāpeti. Addasā kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā āyasmantaṁ raṭṭhapālaṁ dūratova āgacchantaṁ. Disvāna etadavoca:

Now at that time Raṭṭhapāla’s father was having his hair dressed in the hall of the middle gate. He saw Raṭṭhapāla coming off in the distance and said,

“इमेहि मुण्डकेहि समणकेहि अम्हाकं एकपुत्तको पियो मनापो पब्बाजितो”ति। अथ खो आयस्मा रट्ठपालो सकपितु निवेसने नेव दानं अलत्थ न पच्चक्खानं; अञ्ञदत्थु अक्कोसमेव अलत्थ।

“imehi muṇḍakehi samaṇakehi amhākaṁ ekaputtako piyo manāpo pabbājito”ti. Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo sakapitu nivesane neva dānaṁ alattha na paccakkhānaṁ; aññadatthu akkosameva alattha.

“Our dear and beloved only son was made to go forth by these shavelings, these fake ascetics!” And at his own father’s home Raṭṭhapāla received neither alms nor a polite refusal, but only abuse.

तेन खो पन समयेन आयस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स ञातिदासी आभिदोसिकं कुम्मासं छड्डेतुकामा होति। अथ खो आयस्मा रट्ठपालो तं ञातिदासिं एतदवोच: “सचेतं, भगिनि, छड्डनीयधम्मं, इध मे पत्ते आकिरा”ति। अथ खो आयस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स ञातिदासी तं आभिदोसिकं कुम्मासं आयस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स पत्ते आकिरन्ती हत्थानञ्च पादानञ्च सरस्स च निमित्तं अग्गहेसि।

Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa ñātidāsī ābhidosikaṁ kummāsaṁ chaḍḍetukāmā hoti. Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo taṁ ñātidāsiṁ etadavoca: “sacetaṁ, bhagini, chaḍḍanīyadhammaṁ, idha me patte ākirā”ti. Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa ñātidāsī taṁ ābhidosikaṁ kummāsaṁ āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa patte ākirantī hatthānañca pādānañca sarassa ca nimittaṁ aggahesi.

Now at that time a family bondservant wanted to throw away the previous night’s porridge. So Raṭṭhapāla said to her, “If that’s to be thrown away, sister, pour it here in my bowl.” As she was pouring the porridge into his bowl, she recognized the features of his hands, feet, and voice.

अथ खो आयस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स ञातिदासी येनायस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स माता तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा आयस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स मातरं एतदवोच: “यग्घेय्ये, जानेय्यासि: ‘अय्यपुत्तो रट्ठपालो अनुप्पत्तोऽ”ति।

Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa ñātidāsī yenāyasmato raṭṭhapālassa mātā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa mātaraṁ etadavoca: “yaggheyye, jāneyyāsi: ‘ayyaputto raṭṭhapālo anuppatto’”ti.

She then went to his mother and said, “Please, madam, you should know this. Master Raṭṭhapāla has arrived.”

“सचे, जे, सच्चं भणसि, अदासिं तं करोमी”ति।

“Sace, je, saccaṁ bhaṇasi, adāsiṁ taṁ karomī”ti.

“Wow! If you speak the truth, I’ll make you a free woman!”

अथ खो आयस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स माता येनायस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स पिता तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा आयस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स पितरं एतदवोच: “यग्घे, गहपति, जानेय्यासि: ‘रट्ठपालो किर कुलपुत्तो अनुप्पत्तोऽ”ति?

Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa mātā yenāyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitaraṁ etadavoca: “yagghe, gahapati, jāneyyāsi: ‘raṭṭhapālo kira kulaputto anuppatto’”ti?

Then Raṭṭhapāla’s mother went to his father and said, “Please householder, you should know this. It seems our son Raṭṭhapāla has arrived.”

तेन खो पन समयेन आयस्मा रट्ठपालो तं आभिदोसिकं कुम्मासं अञ्ञतरं कुट्टमूलं निस्साय परिभुञ्जति। अथ खो आयस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स पिता येनायस्मा रट्ठपालो तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा आयस्मन्तं रट्ठपालं एतदवोच: “अत्थि नाम, तात रट्ठपाल, आभिदोसिकं कुम्मासं परिभुञ्जिस्ससि? ननु, तात रट्ठपाल, सकं गेहं गन्तब्बन्”ति?

Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā raṭṭhapālo taṁ ābhidosikaṁ kummāsaṁ aññataraṁ kuṭṭamūlaṁ⁸ nissāya paribhuñjati. Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā yenāyasmā raṭṭhapālo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ raṭṭhapālaṁ etadavoca: “atthi nāma, tāta raṭṭhapāla, ābhidosikaṁ kummāsaṁ paribhuñjissasi? Nanu, tāta raṭṭhapāla, sakaṁ gehaṁ gantabban”ti?

Now at that time Raṭṭhapāla was eating last night’s porridge by a wall. Then Raṭṭhapāla’s father went up to him and said, “Dear Raṭṭhapāla! There’s … and you’ll be eating last night’s porridge! Why not go to your own home?”

“कुतो नो, गहपति, अम्हाकं गेहं अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितानं? अनगारा मयं, गहपति। अगमम्ह खो ते, गहपति, गेहं, तत्थ नेव दानं अलत्थम्ह न पच्चक्खानं; अञ्ञदत्थु अक्कोसमेव अलत्थम्हा”ति।

“Kuto no, gahapati, amhākaṁ gehaṁ agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajitānaṁ? Anagārā mayaṁ, gahapati. Agamamha kho te, gahapati, gehaṁ, tattha neva dānaṁ alatthamha na paccakkhānaṁ; aññadatthu akkosameva alatthamhā”ti.

“Householder, how could those of us who have gone forth from the lay life to homelessness have a house? We’re homeless, householder. I came to your house, but there I received neither alms nor a polite refusal, but only abuse.”

“एहि, तात रट्ठपाल, घरं गमिस्सामा”ति।

“Ehi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, gharaṁ gamissāmā”ti.

“Come, dear Raṭṭhapāla, let’s go to the house.”

“अलं, गहपति, कतं मे अज्ज भत्तकिच्चं”।

“Alaṁ, gahapati, kataṁ me ajja bhattakiccaṁ”.

“Enough, householder. My meal is finished for today.”

“तेन हि, तात रट्ठपाल, अधिवासेहि स्वातनाय भत्तन्”ति। अधिवासेसि खो आयस्मा रट्ठपालो तुण्हीभावेन।

“Tena hi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, adhivāsehi svātanāya bhattan”ti. Adhivāsesi kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo tuṇhībhāvena.

“Well then, dear Raṭṭhapāla, please accept tomorrow’s meal from me.” Raṭṭhapāla consented with silence.

अथ खो आयस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स पिता आयस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स अधिवासनं विदित्वा येन सकं निवेसनं तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा महन्तं हिरञ्ञसुवण्णस्स पुञ्जं कारापेत्वा किलञ्जेहि पटिच्छादेत्वा आयस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स पुराणदुतियिका आमन्तेसि: “एथ तुम्हे, वधुयो, येन अलङ्कारेन अलङ्कता पुब्बे रट्ठपालस्स कुलपुत्तस्स पिया होथ मनापा तेन अलङ्कारेन अलङ्करोथा”ति।

Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa adhivāsanaṁ viditvā yena sakaṁ nivesanaṁ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā mahantaṁ hiraññasuvaṇṇassa puñjaṁ kārāpetvā kilañjehi paṭicchādetvā āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa purāṇadutiyikā āmantesi: “etha tumhe, vadhuyo, yena alaṅkārena alaṅkatā pubbe raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa piyā hotha manāpā tena alaṅkārena alaṅkarothā”ti.

Then, knowing that Raṭṭhapāla had consented, his father went back to his own house. He made a heap of gold coins and bullion and hid it under mats. Then he addressed Raṭṭhapāla’s former wives, “Please, daughters-in-law, adorn yourselves in the way that our son Raṭṭhapāla found you most adorable.”

अथ खो आयस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स पिता तस्सा रत्तिया अच्चयेन सके निवेसने पणीतं खादनीयं भोजनीयं पटियादापेत्वा आयस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स कालं आरोचेसि: “कालो, तात रट्ठपाल, निट्ठितं भत्तन्”ति।

Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā tassā rattiyā accayena sake nivesane paṇītaṁ khādanīyaṁ bhojanīyaṁ paṭiyādāpetvā āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa kālaṁ ārocesi: “kālo, tāta raṭṭhapāla, niṭṭhitaṁ bhattan”ti.

And when the night had passed Raṭṭhapāla’s father had delicious fresh and cooked foods prepared in his own home, and announced the time to the Venerable Raṭṭhapāla, saying, “Sir, it’s time. The meal is ready.”

अथ खो आयस्मा रट्ठपालो पुब्बण्हसमयं निवासेत्वा पत्तचीवरमादाय येन सकपितु निवेसनं तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा पञ्ञत्ते आसने निसीदि। अथ खो आयस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स पिता तं हिरञ्ञसुवण्णस्स पुञ्जं विवरापेत्वा आयस्मन्तं रट्ठपालं एतदवोच: “इदं ते, तात रट्ठपाल, मातु मत्तिकं धनं, अञ्ञं पेत्तिकं, अञ्ञं पितामहं। सक्का, तात रट्ठपाल, भोगे च भुञ्जितुं पुञ्ञानि च कातुं। एहि त्वं, तात रट्ठपाल, हीनायावत्तित्वा भोगे च भुञ्जस्सु पुञ्ञानि च करोही”ति।

Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena sakapitu nivesanaṁ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā taṁ hiraññasuvaṇṇassa puñjaṁ vivarāpetvā āyasmantaṁ raṭṭhapālaṁ etadavoca: “idaṁ te, tāta raṭṭhapāla, mātu mattikaṁ dhanaṁ, aññaṁ pettikaṁ, aññaṁ pitāmahaṁ. Sakkā, tāta raṭṭhapāla, bhoge ca bhuñjituṁ puññāni ca kātuṁ. Ehi tvaṁ, tāta raṭṭhapāla, hīnāyāvattitvā bhoge ca bhuñjassu puññāni ca karohī”ti.

Then Raṭṭhapāla robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, went to his father’s home, and sat down on the seat spread out. Raṭṭhapāla’s father, revealing the heap of gold coins and bullion, said to him, “Dear Raṭṭhapāla, this is your maternal fortune. There’s another paternal fortune, and an ancestral one. You can both enjoy your wealth and make merit. Come, return to a lesser life, enjoy wealth, and make merit!”

“सचे मे त्वं, गहपति, वचनं करेय्यासि, इमं हिरञ्ञसुवण्णस्स पुञ्जं सकटे आरोपेत्वा निब्बाहापेत्वा मज्झेगङ्गाय नदिया सोते ओपिलापेय्यासि। तं किस्स हेतु? ये उप्पज्जिस्सन्ति हि ते, गहपति, ततोनिदानं सोकपरिदेवदुक्खदोमनस्सुपायासा”ति।

“Sace me tvaṁ, gahapati, vacanaṁ kareyyāsi, imaṁ hiraññasuvaṇṇassa puñjaṁ sakaṭe āropetvā nibbāhāpetvā majjhegaṅgāya nadiyā sote opilāpeyyāsi. Taṁ kissa hetu? Ye uppajjissanti hi te, gahapati, tatonidānaṁ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā”ti.

“If you’d follow my advice, householder, you’d have this heap of gold loaded on a cart and carried away to be dumped in the middle of the Ganges river. Why is that? Because this will bring you nothing but sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress.”

अथ खो आयस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स पुराणदुतियिका पच्चेकं पादेसु गहेत्वा आयस्मन्तं रट्ठपालं एतदवोचुं: “कीदिसा नाम ता, अय्यपुत्त, अच्छरायो यासं त्वं हेतु ब्रह्मचरियं चरसी”ति?

Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa purāṇadutiyikā paccekaṁ pādesu gahetvā āyasmantaṁ raṭṭhapālaṁ etadavocuṁ: “kīdisā nāma tā, ayyaputta, accharāyo yāsaṁ tvaṁ hetu brahmacariyaṁ carasī”ti?

Then Raṭṭhapāla’s former wives each clasped his feet and said, “What are they like, master, the nymphs for whom you lead the spiritual life?”

“न खो मयं, भगिनी, अच्छरानं हेतु ब्रह्मचरियं चरामा”ति।

“Na kho mayaṁ, bhaginī, accharānaṁ hetu brahmacariyaṁ carāmā”ti.

“Sisters, I don’t lead the spiritual life for the sake of nymphs.”

“भगिनिवादेन नो अय्यपुत्तो रट्ठपालो समुदाचरती”ति ता तत्थेव मुच्छिता पपतिंसु।

“Bhaginivādena no ayyaputto raṭṭhapālo samudācaratī”ti tā tattheva mucchitā papatiṁsu.

Saying, “Our master Raṭṭhapāla addresses us as sisters!” they fainted right away.

अथ खो आयस्मा रट्ठपालो पितरं एतदवोच: “सचे, गहपति, भोजनं दातब्बं, देथ; मा नो विहेठेथा”ति।

Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo pitaraṁ etadavoca: “sace, gahapati, bhojanaṁ dātabbaṁ, detha; mā no viheṭhethā”ti.

Then Raṭṭhapāla said to his father, “If there is food to be given, householder, please give it. But don’t harass me.”

“भुञ्ज, तात रट्ठपाल, निट्ठितं भत्तन्”ति। अथ खो आयस्मतो रट्ठपालस्स पिता आयस्मन्तं रट्ठपालं पणीतेन खादनीयेन भोजनीयेन सहत्था सन्तप्पेसि सम्पवारेसि।

“Bhuñja, tāta raṭṭhapāla, niṭṭhitaṁ bhattan”ti. Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā āyasmantaṁ raṭṭhapālaṁ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi.

“Eat, dear Raṭṭhapāla. The meal is ready.” Then Raṭṭhapāla’s father served and satisfied Venerable Raṭṭhapāla with his own hands with delicious fresh and cooked foods.

अथ खो आयस्मा रट्ठपालो भुत्तावी ओनीतपत्तपाणी ठितकोव इमा गाथा अभासि:

Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo bhuttāvī onītapattapāṇī ṭhitakova imā gāthā abhāsi:

When he had eaten and washed his hand and bowl, he recited this verse while standing right there:

“पस्स चित्तीकतं बिम्बं, अरुकायं समुस्सितं; आतुरं बहुसङ्कप्पं, यस्स नत्थि धुवं ठिति।

“Passa cittīkataṁ bimbaṁ, arukāyaṁ samussitaṁ; Āturaṁ bahusaṅkappaṁ, yassa natthi dhuvaṁ ṭhiti.

“See this fancy puppet, a body built of sores, diseased, obsessed over, in which nothing lasts at all.

पस्स चित्तीकतं रूपं, मणिना कुण्डलेन च; अट्ठि तचेन ओनद्धं, सह वत्थेभि सोभति।

Passa cittīkataṁ rūpaṁ, maṇinā kuṇḍalena ca; Aṭṭhi tacena onaddhaṁ, saha vatthebhi sobhati.

See this fancy figure, with its gems and earrings; it is bones encased in skin, made pretty by its clothes.

अलत्तककता पादा, मुखं चुण्णकमक्खितं; अलं बालस्स मोहाय, नो च पारगवेसिनो।

Alattakakatā pādā, mukhaṁ cuṇṇakamakkhitaṁ; Alaṁ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino.

Rouged feet and powdered face may be enough to beguile a fool, but not a seeker of the far shore.

अट्ठापदकता केसा, नेत्ता अञ्जनमक्खिता; अलं बालस्स मोहाय, नो च पारगवेसिनो।

Aṭṭhāpadakatā kesā, nettā añjanamakkhitā; Alaṁ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino.

Hair in eight braids and eyeshadow may be enough to beguile a fool, but not a seeker of the far shore.

अञ्जनीव नवा चित्ता, पूतिकायो अलङ्कतो; अलं बालस्स मोहाय, नो च पारगवेसिनो।

Añjanīva navā⁹ cittā, pūtikāyo alaṅkato; Alaṁ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino.

A rotting body all adorned like a freshly painted makeup box may be enough to beguile a fool, but not a seeker of the far shore.

ओदहि मिगवो पासं, नासदा वाकरं मिगो; भुत्वा निवापं गच्छाम, कन्दन्ते मिगबन्धके”ति।

Odahi migavo pāsaṁ, nāsadā vākaraṁ migo; Bhutvā nivāpaṁ gacchāma, kandante migabandhake”ti.

The hunter laid his snare, but the deer didn’t spring the trap. I’ve eaten the bait and now I go, leaving the trapper to lament.”

अथ खो आयस्मा रट्ठपालो ठितकोव इमा गाथा भासित्वा येन रञ्ञो कोरब्यस्स मिगचीरं तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा अञ्ञतरस्मिं रुक्खमूले दिवाविहारं निसीदि।

Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo ṭhitakova imā gāthā bhāsitvā yena rañño korabyassa migacīraṁ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā aññatarasmiṁ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṁ nisīdi.

Then Raṭṭhapāla, having recited this verse while standing, went to King Koravya’s deer range and sat at the root of a tree for the day’s meditation.

अथ खो राजा कोरब्यो मिगवं आमन्तेसि: “सोधेहि, सम्म मिगव, मिगचीरं उय्यानभूमिं; गच्छाम सुभूमिं दस्सनाया”ति।

Atha kho rājā korabyo migavaṁ āmantesi: “sodhehi, samma migava, migacīraṁ uyyānabhūmiṁ; gacchāma subhūmiṁ dassanāyā”ti.

Then King Koravya addressed his gamekeeper, “My good gamekeeper, tidy up the park of the deer range. We will go to see the scenery.”

“एवं, देवा”ति खो मिगवो रञ्ञो कोरब्यस्स पटिस्सुत्वा मिगचीरं सोधेन्तो अद्दस आयस्मन्तं रट्ठपालं अञ्ञतरस्मिं रुक्खमूले दिवाविहारं निसिन्नं। दिस्वान येन राजा कोरब्यो तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा राजानं कोरब्यं एतदवोच: “सुद्धं खो ते, देव, मिगचीरं। अत्थि चेत्थ रट्ठपालो नाम कुलपुत्तो इमस्मिंयेव थुल्लकोट्ठिके अग्गकुलस्स पुत्तो यस्स त्वं अभिण्हं कित्तयमानो अहोसि, सो अञ्ञतरस्मिं रुक्खमूले दिवाविहारं निसिन्नो”ति।

“Evaṁ, devā”ti kho migavo rañño korabyassa paṭissutvā migacīraṁ sodhento addasa āyasmantaṁ raṭṭhapālaṁ aññatarasmiṁ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṁ nisinnaṁ. Disvāna yena rājā korabyo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā rājānaṁ korabyaṁ etadavoca: “suddhaṁ kho te, deva, migacīraṁ. Atthi cettha raṭṭhapālo nāma kulaputto imasmiṁyeva thullakoṭṭhike aggakulassa putto yassa tvaṁ abhiṇhaṁ kittayamāno ahosi, so aññatarasmiṁ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṁ nisinno”ti.

“Yes, Your Majesty,” replied the gamekeeper. While tidying the deer range he saw Raṭṭhapāla sitting in meditation. Seeing this, he went to the king, and said, “The deer range is tidy, sire. And the gentleman named Raṭṭhapāla, the son of the leading clan in Thullakoṭṭhita, of whom you have often spoken highly, is meditating there at the root of a tree.”

“तेन हि, सम्म मिगव, अलं दानज्ज उय्यानभूमिया। तमेव दानि मयं भवन्तं रट्ठपालं पयिरुपासिस्सामा”ति।

“Tena hi, samma migava, alaṁ dānajja uyyānabhūmiyā. Tameva dāni mayaṁ bhavantaṁ raṭṭhapālaṁ payirupāsissāmā”ti.

“Well then, my good gamekeeper, that’s enough of the park for today. Now I shall pay homage to the Master Raṭṭhapāla.”

अथ खो राजा कोरब्यो “यं तत्थ खादनीयं भोजनीयं पटियत्तं तं सब्बं विस्सज्जेथा”ति वत्वा भद्रानि भद्रानि यानानि योजापेत्वा भद्रं यानं अभिरुहित्वा भद्रेहि भद्रेहि यानेहि थुल्लकोट्ठिकम्हा निय्यासि महच्चराजानुभावेन आयस्मन्तं रट्ठपालं दस्सनाय। यावतिका यानस्स भूमि यानेन गन्त्वा याना पच्चोरोहित्वा पत्तिकोव उस्सटाय उस्सटाय परिसाय येनायस्मा रट्ठपालो तेनुपसङ्कमि; उपसङ्कमित्वा आयस्मता रट्ठपालेन सद्धिं सम्मोदि। सम्मोदनीयं कथं सारणीयं वीतिसारेत्वा एकमन्तं अट्ठासि। एकमन्तं ठितो खो राजा कोरब्यो आयस्मन्तं रट्ठपालं एतदवोच:

Atha kho rājā korabyo “yaṁ tattha khādanīyaṁ bhojanīyaṁ paṭiyattaṁ taṁ sabbaṁ vissajjethā”ti vatvā bhadrāni bhadrāni yānāni yojāpetvā bhadraṁ yānaṁ abhiruhitvā bhadrehi bhadrehi yānehi thullakoṭṭhikamhā niyyāsi mahaccarājānubhāvena āyasmantaṁ raṭṭhapālaṁ dassanāya. Yāvatikā yānassa bhūmi yānena gantvā yānā paccorohitvā pattikova ussaṭāya ussaṭāya parisāya yenāyasmā raṭṭhapālo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā raṭṭhapālena saddhiṁ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhito kho rājā korabyo āyasmantaṁ raṭṭhapālaṁ etadavoca:

And then King Koravya said, “Give away the fresh and cooked foods that have been prepared there.” He had the finest carriages harnessed. Then he mounted a fine carriage and, along with other fine carriages, set out in full royal pomp from Thullakoṭṭhita to see Raṭṭhapāla. He went by carriage as far as the terrain allowed, then descended and approached Raṭṭhapāla on foot, together with a group of eminent officials. They exchanged greetings, and, when the greetings and polite conversation were over, he stood to one side, and said to Raṭṭhapāla:

“इध भवं रट्ठपालो हत्थत्थरे निसीदतू”ति।

“idha bhavaṁ raṭṭhapālo hatthatthare¹⁰ nisīdatū”ti.

“Here, Master Raṭṭhapāla, sit on this elephant rug.”

“अलं, महाराज, निसीद त्वं; निसिन्नो अहं सके आसने”ति।

“Alaṁ, mahārāja, nisīda tvaṁ; nisinno ahaṁ sake āsane”ti.

“Enough, great king, you sit on it. I’m sitting on my own seat.”

निसीदि राजा कोरब्यो पञ्ञत्ते आसने। निसज्ज खो राजा कोरब्यो आयस्मन्तं रट्ठपालं एतदवोच:

Nisīdi rājā korabyo paññatte āsane. Nisajja kho rājā korabyo āyasmantaṁ raṭṭhapālaṁ etadavoca:

So the king sat down on the seat spread out, and said:

“चत्तारिमानि, भो रट्ठपाल, पारिजुञ्ञानि येहि पारिजुञ्ञेहि समन्नागता इधेकच्चे केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजन्ति। कतमानि चत्तारि? जरापारिजुञ्ञं, ब्याधिपारिजुञ्ञं, भोगपारिजुञ्ञं, ञातिपारिजुञ्ञं।

“Cattārimāni, bho raṭṭhapāla, pārijuññāni yehi pārijuññehi samannāgatā idhekacce kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajanti. Katamāni cattāri? Jarāpārijuññaṁ, byādhipārijuññaṁ, bhogapārijuññaṁ, ñātipārijuññaṁ.

“Master Raṭṭhapāla, there are these four kinds of decay. Because of these, some people shave off their hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness. What four? Decay due to old age, decay due to sickness, decay of wealth, and decay of relatives.

कतमञ्च, भो रट्ठपाल, जरापारिजुञ्ञं? इध, भो रट्ठपाल, एकच्चो जिण्णो होति वुड्ढो महल्लको अद्धगतो वयोअनुप्पत्तो। सो इति पटिसञ्चिक्खति: ‘अहं खोम्हि एतरहि जिण्णो वुड्ढो महल्लको अद्धगतो वयोअनुप्पत्तो। न खो पन मया सुकरं अनधिगतं वा भोगं अधिगन्तुं अधिगतं वा भोगं फातिं कातुं। यन्नूनाहं केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजेय्यन्ऽति। सो तेन जरापारिजुञ्ञेन समन्नागतो केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजति। इदं वुच्चति, भो रट्ठपाल, जरापारिजुञ्ञं। भवं खो पन रट्ठपालो एतरहि दहरो युवा सुसुकाळकेसो भद्रेन योब्बनेन समन्नागतो पठमेन वयसा। तं भोतो रट्ठपालस्स जरापारिजुञ्ञं नत्थि। किं भवं रट्ठपालो ञत्वा वा दिस्वा वा सुत्वा वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितो?

Katamañca, bho raṭṭhapāla, jarāpārijuññaṁ? Idha, bho raṭṭhapāla, ekacco jiṇṇo hoti vuḍḍho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto. So iti paṭisañcikkhati: ‘ahaṁ khomhi etarahi jiṇṇo vuḍḍho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto. Na kho pana mayā sukaraṁ anadhigataṁ vā bhogaṁ adhigantuṁ adhigataṁ vā bhogaṁ phātiṁ kātuṁ. Yannūnāhaṁ kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajeyyan’ti. So tena jarāpārijuññena samannāgato kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajati. Idaṁ vuccati, bho raṭṭhapāla, jarāpārijuññaṁ. Bhavaṁ kho pana raṭṭhapālo etarahi daharo yuvā susukāḷakeso bhadrena yobbanena samannāgato paṭhamena vayasā. Taṁ bhoto raṭṭhapālassa jarāpārijuññaṁ natthi. Kiṁ bhavaṁ raṭṭhapālo ñatvā vā disvā vā sutvā vā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito?

And what is decay due to old age? It’s when someone is old, elderly, and senior, advanced in years, and has reached the final stage of life. They reflect: ‘I’m now old, elderly, and senior. I’m advanced in years and have reached the final stage of life. It’s not easy for me to acquire more wealth or to increase the wealth I’ve already acquired. Why don’t I shave off my hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness?’ So because of that decay due to old age they go forth. This is called decay due to old age. But Master Raṭṭhapāla is now a youth, young, black-haired, blessed with youth, in the prime of life. You have no decay due to old age. So what did you know or see or hear that made you go forth?

कतमञ्च, भो रट्ठपाल, ब्याधिपारिजुञ्ञं? इध, भो रट्ठपाल, एकच्चो आबाधिको होति दुक्खितो बाळ्हगिलानो। सो इति पटिसञ्चिक्खति: ‘अहं खोम्हि एतरहि आबाधिको दुक्खितो बाळ्हगिलानो। न खो पन मया सुकरं अनधिगतं वा भोगं अधिगन्तुं अधिगतं वा भोगं फातिं कातुं। यन्नूनाहं केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजेय्यन्ऽति। सो तेन ब्याधिपारिजुञ्ञेन समन्नागतो केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजति। इदं वुच्चति, भो रट्ठपाल, ब्याधिपारिजुञ्ञं। भवं खो पन रट्ठपालो एतरहि अप्पाबाधो अप्पातङ्को समवेपाकिनिया गहणिया समन्नागतो नातिसीताय नाच्चुण्हाय। तं भोतो रट्ठपालस्स ब्याधिपारिजुञ्ञं नत्थि। किं भवं रट्ठपालो ञत्वा वा दिस्वा वा सुत्वा वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितो?

Katamañca, bho raṭṭhapāla, byādhipārijuññaṁ? Idha, bho raṭṭhapāla, ekacco ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. So iti paṭisañcikkhati: ‘ahaṁ khomhi etarahi ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Na kho pana mayā sukaraṁ anadhigataṁ vā bhogaṁ adhigantuṁ adhigataṁ vā bhogaṁ phātiṁ kātuṁ. Yannūnāhaṁ kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajeyyan’ti. So tena byādhipārijuññena samannāgato kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajati. Idaṁ vuccati, bho raṭṭhapāla, byādhipārijuññaṁ. Bhavaṁ kho pana raṭṭhapālo etarahi appābādho appātaṅko samavepākiniyā gahaṇiyā samannāgato nātisītāya nāccuṇhāya. Taṁ bhoto raṭṭhapālassa byādhipārijuññaṁ natthi. Kiṁ bhavaṁ raṭṭhapālo ñatvā vā disvā vā sutvā vā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito?

And what is decay due to sickness? It’s when someone is sick, suffering, gravely ill. They reflect: ‘I’m now sick, suffering, gravely ill. It’s not easy for me to acquire more wealth or to increase the wealth I’ve already acquired. Why don’t I go forth from the lay life to homelessness?’ So because of that decay due to sickness they go forth. This is called decay due to sickness. But Master Raṭṭhapāla is now rarely ill or unwell. Your stomach digests well, being neither too hot nor too cold. You have no decay due to sickness. So what did you know or see or hear that made you go forth?

कतमञ्च, भो रट्ठपाल, भोगपारिजुञ्ञं? इध, भो रट्ठपाल, एकच्चो अड्ढो होति महद्धनो महाभोगो। तस्स ते भोगा अनुपुब्बेन परिक्खयं गच्छन्ति। सो इति पटिसञ्चिक्खति: ‘अहं खो पुब्बे अड्ढो अहोसिं महद्धनो महाभोगो। तस्स मे ते भोगा अनुपुब्बेन परिक्खयं गता। न खो पन मया सुकरं अनधिगतं वा भोगं अधिगन्तुं अधिगतं वा भोगं फातिं कातुं। यन्नूनाहं केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजेय्यन्ऽति। सो तेन भोगपारिजुञ्ञेन समन्नागतो केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजति। इदं वुच्चति, भो रट्ठपाल, भोगपारिजुञ्ञं। भवं खो पन रट्ठपालो इमस्मिंयेव थुल्लकोट्ठिके अग्गकुलस्स पुत्तो। तं भोतो रट्ठपालस्स भोगपारिजुञ्ञं नत्थि। किं भवं रट्ठपालो ञत्वा वा दिस्वा वा सुत्वा वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितो?

Katamañca, bho raṭṭhapāla, bhogapārijuññaṁ? Idha, bho raṭṭhapāla, ekacco aḍḍho hoti mahaddhano mahābhogo. Tassa te bhogā anupubbena parikkhayaṁ gacchanti. So iti paṭisañcikkhati: ‘ahaṁ kho pubbe aḍḍho ahosiṁ mahaddhano mahābhogo. Tassa me te bhogā anupubbena parikkhayaṁ gatā. Na kho pana mayā sukaraṁ anadhigataṁ vā bhogaṁ adhigantuṁ adhigataṁ vā bhogaṁ phātiṁ kātuṁ. Yannūnāhaṁ kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajeyyan’ti. So tena bhogapārijuññena samannāgato kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajati. Idaṁ vuccati, bho raṭṭhapāla, bhogapārijuññaṁ. Bhavaṁ kho pana raṭṭhapālo imasmiṁyeva thullakoṭṭhike aggakulassa putto. Taṁ bhoto raṭṭhapālassa bhogapārijuññaṁ natthi. Kiṁ bhavaṁ raṭṭhapālo ñatvā vā disvā vā sutvā vā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito?

And what is decay of wealth? It’s when someone is rich, affluent, and wealthy. But gradually their wealth dwindles away. They reflect: ‘I used to be rich, affluent, and wealthy. But gradually my wealth has dwindled away. It’s not easy for me to acquire more wealth or to increase the wealth I’ve already acquired. Why don’t I go forth from the lay life to homelessness?’ So because of that decay of wealth they go forth. This is called decay of wealth. But Master Raṭṭhapāla is the son of the leading clan here in Thullakoṭṭhita. You have no decay of wealth. So what did you know or see or hear that made you go forth?

कतमञ्च, भो रट्ठपाल, ञातिपारिजुञ्ञं? इध, भो रट्ठपाल, एकच्चस्स बहू होन्ति मित्तामच्चा ञातिसालोहिता। तस्स ते ञातका अनुपुब्बेन परिक्खयं गच्छन्ति। सो इति पटिसञ्चिक्खति: ‘ममं खो पुब्बे बहू अहेसुं मित्तामच्चा ञातिसालोहिता। तस्स मे ते अनुपुब्बेन परिक्खयं गता। न खो पन मया सुकरं अनधिगतं वा भोगं अधिगन्तुं अधिगतं वा भोगं फातिं कातुं। यन्नूनाहं केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजेय्यन्ऽति। सो तेन ञातिपारिजुञ्ञेन समन्नागतो केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजति। इदं वुच्चति, भो रट्ठपाल, ञातिपारिजुञ्ञं। भोतो खो पन रट्ठपालस्स इमस्मिंयेव थुल्लकोट्ठिके बहू मित्तामच्चा ञातिसालोहिता। तं भोतो रट्ठपालस्स ञातिपारिजुञ्ञं नत्थि। किं भवं रट्ठपालो ञत्वा वा दिस्वा वा सुत्वा वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितो?

Katamañca, bho raṭṭhapāla, ñātipārijuññaṁ? Idha, bho raṭṭhapāla, ekaccassa bahū honti mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā. Tassa te ñātakā anupubbena parikkhayaṁ gacchanti. So iti paṭisañcikkhati: ‘mamaṁ kho pubbe bahū ahesuṁ mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā. Tassa me te anupubbena parikkhayaṁ gatā. Na kho pana mayā sukaraṁ anadhigataṁ vā bhogaṁ adhigantuṁ adhigataṁ vā bhogaṁ phātiṁ kātuṁ. Yannūnāhaṁ kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajeyyan’ti. So tena ñātipārijuññena samannāgato kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajati. Idaṁ vuccati, bho raṭṭhapāla, ñātipārijuññaṁ. Bhoto kho pana raṭṭhapālassa imasmiṁyeva thullakoṭṭhike bahū mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā. Taṁ bhoto raṭṭhapālassa ñātipārijuññaṁ natthi. Kiṁ bhavaṁ raṭṭhapālo ñatvā vā disvā vā sutvā vā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito?

And what is decay of relatives? It’s when someone has many friends and colleagues, relatives and kin. But gradually their relatives dwindle away. They reflect: ‘I used to have many friends and colleagues, relatives and kin. But gradually they’ve dwindled away. It’s not easy for me to acquire more wealth or to increase the wealth I’ve already acquired. Why don’t I shave off my hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness?’ So because of that decay of relatives they go forth. This is called decay of relatives. But Master Raṭṭhapāla has many friends and colleagues, relatives and kin right here in Thullakoṭṭhita. You have no decay of relatives. So what did you know or see or hear that made you go forth?

इमानि खो, भो रट्ठपाल, चत्तारि पारिजुञ्ञानि, येहि पारिजुञ्ञेहि समन्नागता इधेकच्चे केसमस्सुं ओहारेत्वा कासायानि वत्थानि अच्छादेत्वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजन्ति। तानि भोतो रट्ठपालस्स नत्थि। किं भवं रट्ठपालो ञत्वा वा दिस्वा वा सुत्वा वा अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितो”ति?

Imāni kho, bho raṭṭhapāla, cattāri pārijuññāni, yehi pārijuññehi samannāgatā idhekacce kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajanti. Tāni bhoto raṭṭhapālassa natthi. Kiṁ bhavaṁ raṭṭhapālo ñatvā vā disvā vā sutvā vā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito”ti?

There are these four kinds of decay. Because of these, some people shave off their hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness. Master Raṭṭhapāla has none of these. So what did you know or see or hear that made you go forth?”

“अत्थि खो, महाराज, तेन भगवता जानता पस्सता अरहता सम्मासम्बुद्धेन चत्तारो धम्मुद्देसा उद्दिट्ठा, ये अहं ञत्वा च दिस्वा च सुत्वा च अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितो।

“Atthi kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena cattāro dhammuddesā uddiṭṭhā, ye ahaṁ ñatvā ca disvā ca sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito.

“Great king, the Blessed One who knows and sees, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha has taught these four summaries of the teaching for recitation. It was after knowing and seeing and hearing these that I went forth from the lay life to homelessness.

कतमे चत्तारो?

Katame cattāro?

What four?

‘उपनिय्यति लोको अद्धुवोऽति खो, महाराज, तेन भगवता जानता पस्सता अरहता सम्मासम्बुद्धेन पठमो धम्मुद्देसो उद्दिट्ठो, यमहं ञत्वा च दिस्वा च सुत्वा च अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितो।

‘Upaniyyati loko addhuvo’ti kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena paṭhamo dhammuddeso uddiṭṭho, yamahaṁ ñatvā ca disvā ca sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito.

‘The world is unstable and swept away.’ This is the first summary.

‘अताणो लोको अनभिस्सरोऽति खो, महाराज, तेन भगवता जानता पस्सता अरहता सम्मासम्बुद्धेन दुतियो धम्मुद्देसो उद्दिट्ठो, यमहं ञत्वा च दिस्वा च सुत्वा च अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितो।

‘Atāṇo loko anabhissaro’ti kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena dutiyo dhammuddeso uddiṭṭho, yamahaṁ ñatvā ca disvā ca sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito.

‘The world has no shelter and no savior.’ This is the second summary.

‘अस्सको लोको, सब्बं पहाय गमनीयन्ऽति खो, महाराज, तेन भगवता जानता पस्सता अरहता सम्मासम्बुद्धेन ततियो धम्मुद्देसो उद्दिट्ठो, यमहं ञत्वा च दिस्वा च सुत्वा च अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितो।

‘Assako loko, sabbaṁ pahāya gamanīyan’ti kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena tatiyo dhammuddeso uddiṭṭho, yamahaṁ ñatvā ca disvā ca sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito.

‘The world has no owner—you must leave it all behind and pass on.’ This is the third summary.

‘ऊनो लोको अतित्तो तण्हादासोऽति खो, महाराज, तेन भगवता जानता पस्सता अरहता सम्मासम्बुद्धेन चतुत्थो धम्मुद्देसो उद्दिट्ठो, यमहं ञत्वा च दिस्वा च सुत्वा च अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितो।

‘Ūno loko atitto taṇhādāso’ti kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena catuttho dhammuddeso uddiṭṭho, yamahaṁ ñatvā ca disvā ca sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito.

‘The world is wanting, insatiable, the slave of craving.’ This is the fourth summary.

इमे खो, महाराज, तेन भगवता जानता पस्सता अरहता सम्मासम्बुद्धेन चत्तारो धम्मुद्देसा उद्दिट्ठा, ये अहं ञत्वा च दिस्वा च सुत्वा च अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितो”ति।

Ime kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena cattāro dhammuddesā uddiṭṭhā, ye ahaṁ ñatvā ca disvā ca sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito”ti.

The Blessed One who knows and sees, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha taught these four summaries of the teaching. It was after knowing and seeing and hearing these that I went forth from the lay life to homelessness.”

“‘उपनिय्यति लोको अद्धुवोऽति—भवं रट्ठपालो आह। इमस्स, भो रट्ठपाल, भासितस्स कथं अत्थो दट्ठब्बो”ति?

“‘Upaniyyati loko addhuvo’ti—bhavaṁ raṭṭhapālo āha. Imassa, bho raṭṭhapāla, bhāsitassa kathaṁ attho daṭṭhabbo”ti?

“‘The world is unstable and swept away.’ So Master Raṭṭhapāla said. How should I see the meaning of this statement?”

“तं किं मञ्ञसि, महाराज, त्वं वीसतिवस्सुद्देसिकोपि पण्णवीसतिवस्सुद्देसिकोपि हत्थिस्मिम्पि कतावी अस्सस्मिम्पि कतावी रथस्मिम्पि कतावी धनुस्मिम्पि कतावी थरुस्मिम्पि कतावी ऊरुबली बाहुबली अलमत्तो सङ्गामावचरो”ति?

“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja, tvaṁ vīsativassuddesikopi paṇṇavīsativassuddesikopi hatthismimpi katāvī assasmimpi katāvī rathasmimpi katāvī dhanusmimpi katāvī tharusmimpi katāvī ūrubalī bāhubalī alamatto saṅgāmāvacaro”ti?

“What do you think, great king? When you were twenty or twenty-five years of age, were you proficient at riding elephants, horses, and chariots, and at archery and swordsmanship? Were you strong in thigh and arm, capable, and battle-hardened?”

“अहोसिं अहं, भो रट्ठपाल, वीसतिवस्सुद्देसिकोपि पण्णवीसतिवस्सुद्देसिकोपि हत्थिस्मिम्पि कतावी अस्सस्मिम्पि कतावी रथस्मिम्पि कतावी धनुस्मिम्पि कतावी थरुस्मिम्पि कतावी ऊरुबली बाहुबली अलमत्तो सङ्गामावचरो। अप्पेकदाहं, भो रट्ठपाल, इद्धिमाव मञ्ञे न अत्तनो बलेन समसमं समनुपस्सामी”ति।

“Ahosiṁ ahaṁ, bho raṭṭhapāla, vīsativassuddesikopi paṇṇavīsativassuddesikopi hatthismimpi katāvī assasmimpi katāvī rathasmimpi katāvī dhanusmimpi katāvī tharusmimpi katāvī ūrubalī bāhubalī alamatto saṅgāmāvacaro. Appekadāhaṁ, bho raṭṭhapāla, iddhimāva maññe na¹¹ attano balena samasamaṁ samanupassāmī”ti.

“I was, Master Raṭṭhapāla. Sometimes it seems as if I had superpowers then. I don’t see anyone who could have equalled me in strength.”

“तं किं मञ्ञसि, महाराज, एवमेव त्वं एतरहि ऊरुबली बाहुबली अलमत्तो सङ्गामावचरो”ति?

“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja, evameva tvaṁ etarahi ūrubalī bāhubalī alamatto saṅgāmāvacaro”ti?

“What do you think, great king? These days are you just as strong in thigh and arm, capable, and battle-hardened?”

“नो हिदं, भो रट्ठपाल। एतरहि जिण्णो वुड्ढो महल्लको अद्धगतो वयोअनुप्पत्तो आसीतिको मे वयो वत्तति। अप्पेकदाहं, भो रट्ठपाल, ‘इध पादं करिस्सामीऽति अञ्ञेनेव पादं करोमी”ति।

“No hidaṁ, bho raṭṭhapāla. Etarahi jiṇṇo vuḍḍho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto āsītiko me vayo vattati. Appekadāhaṁ, bho raṭṭhapāla, ‘idha pādaṁ karissāmī’ti aññeneva pādaṁ karomī”ti.

“No, Master Raṭṭhapāla. For now I am old, elderly, and senior, I’m advanced in years and have reached the final stage of life. I am eighty years old. Sometimes I intend to step in one place, but my foot goes somewhere else.”

“इदं खो तं, महाराज, तेन भगवता जानता पस्सता अरहता सम्मासम्बुद्धेन सन्धाय भासितं: ‘उपनिय्यति लोको अद्धुवोऽति, यमहं ञत्वा च दिस्वा च सुत्वा च अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितो”ति।

“Idaṁ kho taṁ, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sandhāya bhāsitaṁ: ‘upaniyyati loko addhuvo’ti, yamahaṁ ñatvā ca disvā ca sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito”ti.

“This is what the Buddha was referring to when he said: ‘The world is unstable and swept away.’”

“अच्छरियं, भो रट्ठपाल, अब्भुतं, भो रट्ठपाल। याव सुभासितञ्चिदं तेन भगवता जानता पस्सता अरहता सम्मासम्बुद्धेन: ‘उपनिय्यति लोको अद्धुवोऽति। उपनिय्यति हि, भो रट्ठपाल, लोको अद्धुवो।

“Acchariyaṁ, bho raṭṭhapāla, abbhutaṁ, bho raṭṭhapāla. Yāva subhāsitañcidaṁ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena: ‘upaniyyati loko addhuvo’ti. Upaniyyati hi, bho raṭṭhapāla, loko addhuvo.

“It’s incredible, Master Raṭṭhapāla, it’s amazing, how well said this was by the Buddha. For the world is indeed unstable and swept away.

संविज्जन्ते खो, भो रट्ठपाल, इमस्मिं राजकुले हत्थिकायापि अस्सकायापि रथकायापि पत्तिकायापि, अम्हाकं आपदासु परियोधाय वत्तिस्सन्ति। ‘अताणो लोको अनभिस्सरोऽति—भवं रट्ठपालो आह। इमस्स पन, भो रट्ठपाल, भासितस्स कथं अत्थो दट्ठब्बो”ति?

Saṁvijjante kho, bho raṭṭhapāla, imasmiṁ rājakule hatthikāyāpi assakāyāpi rathakāyāpi pattikāyāpi, amhākaṁ āpadāsu pariyodhāya vattissanti. ‘Atāṇo loko anabhissaro’ti—bhavaṁ raṭṭhapālo āha. Imassa pana, bho raṭṭhapāla, bhāsitassa kathaṁ attho daṭṭhabbo”ti?

In this royal court you can find divisions of elephants, cavalry, chariots, and infantry. They will serve to defend us from any threats. Yet you said: ‘The world has no shelter and no savior.’ How should I see the meaning of this statement?”

“तं किं मञ्ञसि, महाराज, अत्थि ते कोचि अनुसायिको आबाधो”ति?

“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja, atthi te koci anusāyiko ābādho”ti?

“What do you think, great king? Do you have any chronic ailments?”

“अत्थि मे, भो रट्ठपाल, अनुसायिको आबाधो। अप्पेकदा मं, भो रट्ठपाल, मित्तामच्चा ञातिसालोहिता परिवारेत्वा ठिता होन्ति: ‘इदानि राजा कोरब्यो कालं करिस्सति, इदानि राजा कोरब्यो कालं करिस्सतीऽ”ति।

“Atthi me, bho raṭṭhapāla, anusāyiko ābādho. Appekadā maṁ, bho raṭṭhapāla, mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā parivāretvā ṭhitā honti: ‘idāni rājā korabyo kālaṁ karissati, idāni rājā korabyo kālaṁ karissatī’”ti.

“Yes, I do. Sometimes my friends and colleagues, relatives and family members surround me, thinking: ‘Now the king will die! Now the king will die!’”

“तं किं मञ्ञसि, महाराज, लभसि त्वं ते मित्तामच्चे ञातिसालोहिते: ‘आयन्तु मे भोन्तो मित्तामच्चा ञातिसालोहिता, सब्बेव सन्ता इमं वेदनं संविभजथ, यथाहं लहुकतरिकं वेदनं वेदियेय्यन्ऽति—उदाहु त्वंयेव तं वेदनं वेदियसी”ति?

“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja, labhasi tvaṁ te mittāmacce ñātisālohite: ‘āyantu me bhonto mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā, sabbeva santā imaṁ vedanaṁ saṁvibhajatha, yathāhaṁ lahukatarikaṁ vedanaṁ vediyeyyan’ti—udāhu tvaṁyeva taṁ vedanaṁ vediyasī”ti?

“What do you think, great king? Can you get your friends and colleagues, relatives and family members to help: ‘Please, my dear friends and colleagues, relatives and family members, all of you here share my pain so that I may feel less pain.’ Or must you alone feel that pain?”

“नाहं, भो रट्ठपाल, लभामि ते मित्तामच्चे ञातिसालोहिते: ‘आयन्तु मे भोन्तो मित्तामच्चा ञातिसालोहिता, सब्बेव सन्ता इमं वेदनं संविभजथ, यथाहं लहुकतरिकं वेदनं वेदियेय्यन्ऽति। अथ खो अहमेव तं वेदनं वेदियामी”ति।

“Nāhaṁ, bho raṭṭhapāla, labhāmi te mittāmacce ñātisālohite: ‘āyantu me bhonto mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā, sabbeva santā imaṁ vedanaṁ saṁvibhajatha, yathāhaṁ lahukatarikaṁ vedanaṁ vediyeyyan’ti. Atha kho ahameva taṁ vedanaṁ vediyāmī”ti.

“I can’t get my friends to share my pain. Rather, I alone must feel it.”

“इदं खो तं, महाराज, तेन भगवता जानता पस्सता अरहता सम्मासम्बुद्धेन सन्धाय भासितं: ‘अताणो लोको अनभिस्सरोऽति, यमहं ञत्वा च दिस्वा च सुत्वा च अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितो”ति।

“Idaṁ kho taṁ, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sandhāya bhāsitaṁ: ‘atāṇo loko anabhissaro’ti, yamahaṁ ñatvā ca disvā ca sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito”ti.

“This is what the Buddha was referring to when he said: ‘The world has no shelter and no savior.’”

“अच्छरियं, भो रट्ठपाल, अब्भुतं, भो रट्ठपाल। याव सुभासितं चिदं तेन भगवता जानता पस्सता अरहता सम्मासम्बुद्धेन: ‘अताणो लोको अनभिस्सरोऽति। अताणो हि, भो रट्ठपाल, लोको अनभिस्सरो।

“Acchariyaṁ, bho raṭṭhapāla, abbhutaṁ, bho raṭṭhapāla. Yāva subhāsitaṁ cidaṁ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena: ‘atāṇo loko anabhissaro’ti. Atāṇo hi, bho raṭṭhapāla, loko anabhissaro.

“It’s incredible, Master Raṭṭhapāla, it’s amazing, how well said this was by the Buddha. For the world indeed has no shelter and no savior.

संविज्जति खो, भो रट्ठपाल, इमस्मिं राजकुले पहूतं हिरञ्ञसुवण्णं भूमिगतञ्च वेहासगतञ्च। ‘अस्सको लोको, सब्बं पहाय गमनीयन्ऽति—भवं रट्ठपालो आह। इमस्स पन, भो रट्ठपाल, भासितस्स कथं अत्थो दट्ठब्बो”ति?

Saṁvijjati kho, bho raṭṭhapāla, imasmiṁ rājakule pahūtaṁ hiraññasuvaṇṇaṁ bhūmigatañca vehāsagatañca. ‘Assako loko, sabbaṁ pahāya gamanīyan’ti—bhavaṁ raṭṭhapālo āha. Imassa pana, bho raṭṭhapāla, bhāsitassa kathaṁ attho daṭṭhabbo”ti?

In this royal court you can find abundant gold coin and bullion stored in dungeons and towers. Yet you said: ‘The world has no owner—you must leave it all behind and pass on.’ How should I see the meaning of this statement?”

“तं किं मञ्ञसि, महाराज, यथा त्वं एतरहि पञ्चहि कामगुणेहि समप्पितो समङ्गीभूतो परिचारेसि, लच्छसि त्वं परत्थापि: ‘एवमेवाहं इमेहेव पञ्चहि कामगुणेहि समप्पितो समङ्गीभूतो परिचारेमीऽति, उदाहु अञ्ञे इमं भोगं पटिपज्जिस्सन्ति, त्वं पन यथाकम्मं गमिस्ससी”ति?

“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja, yathā tvaṁ etarahi pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāresi, lacchasi tvaṁ paratthāpi: ‘evamevāhaṁ imeheva pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāremī’ti, udāhu aññe imaṁ bhogaṁ paṭipajjissanti, tvaṁ pana yathākammaṁ gamissasī”ti?

“What do you think, great king? These days you amuse yourself, supplied and provided with the five kinds of sensual stimulation. But is there any way to ensure that in the next life you will continue to amuse yourself in the same way, supplied and provided with the same five kinds of sensual stimulation? Or will others make use of this property, while you pass on according to your deeds?”

“यथाहं, भो रट्ठपाल, एतरहि पञ्चहि कामगुणेहि समप्पितो समङ्गीभूतो परिचारेमि, नाहं लच्छामि परत्थापि: ‘एवमेव इमेहेव पञ्चहि कामगुणेहि समप्पितो समङ्गीभूतो परिचारेमीऽति। अथ खो अञ्ञे इमं भोगं पटिपज्जिस्सन्ति; अहं पन यथाकम्मं गमिस्सामी”ति।

“Yathāhaṁ, bho raṭṭhapāla, etarahi pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāremi, nāhaṁ lacchāmi paratthāpi: ‘evameva imeheva pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāremī’ti. Atha kho aññe imaṁ bhogaṁ paṭipajjissanti; ahaṁ pana yathākammaṁ gamissāmī”ti.

“There’s no way to ensure that I will continue to amuse myself in the same way. Rather, others will take over this property, while I pass on according to my deeds.”

“इदं खो तं, महाराज, तेन भगवता जानता पस्सता अरहता सम्मासम्बुद्धेन सन्धाय भासितं: ‘अस्सको लोको, सब्बं पहाय गमनीयन्ऽति, यमहं ञत्वा च दिस्वा च सुत्वा च अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितो”ति।

“Idaṁ kho taṁ, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sandhāya bhāsitaṁ: ‘assako loko, sabbaṁ pahāya gamanīyan’ti, yamahaṁ ñatvā ca disvā ca sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito”ti.

“This is what the Buddha was referring to when he said: ‘The world has no owner—you must leave it all behind and pass on.’”

“अच्छरियं, भो रट्ठपाल, अब्भुतं, भो रट्ठपाल। याव सुभासितं चिदं तेन भगवता जानता पस्सता अरहता सम्मासम्बुद्धेन: ‘अस्सको लोको, सब्बं पहाय गमनीयन्ऽति। अस्सको हि, भो रट्ठपाल, लोको सब्बं पहाय गमनीयं।

“Acchariyaṁ, bho raṭṭhapāla, abbhutaṁ, bho raṭṭhapāla. Yāva subhāsitaṁ cidaṁ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena: ‘assako loko, sabbaṁ pahāya gamanīyan’ti. Assako hi, bho raṭṭhapāla, loko sabbaṁ pahāya gamanīyaṁ.

“It’s incredible, Master Raṭṭhapāla, it’s amazing, how well said this was by the Buddha. For the world indeed has no owner—you must leave it all behind and pass on.

‘ऊनो लोको अतित्तो तण्हादासोऽति—भवं रट्ठपालो आह। इमस्स, भो रट्ठपाल, भासितस्स कथं अत्थो दट्ठब्बो”ति?

‘Ūno loko atitto taṇhādāso’ti—bhavaṁ raṭṭhapālo āha. Imassa, bho raṭṭhapāla, bhāsitassa kathaṁ attho daṭṭhabbo”ti?

You also said this: ‘The world is wanting, insatiable, the slave of craving.’ How should I see the meaning of this statement?”

“तं किं मञ्ञसि, महाराज, फीतं कुरुं अज्झावससी”ति?

“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja, phītaṁ kuruṁ ajjhāvasasī”ti?

“What do you think, great king? Do you dwell in the prosperous land of Kuru?”

“एवं, भो रट्ठपाल, फीतं कुरुं अज्झावसामी”ति।

“Evaṁ, bho raṭṭhapāla, phītaṁ kuruṁ ajjhāvasāmī”ti.

“Indeed I do.”

“तं किं मञ्ञसि, महाराज, इध पुरिसो आगच्छेय्य पुरत्थिमाय दिसाय सद्धायिको पच्चयिको। सो तं उपसङ्कमित्वा एवं वदेय्य: ‘यग्घे, महाराज, जानेय्यासि, अहं आगच्छामि पुरत्थिमाय दिसाय? तत्थद्दसं महन्तं जनपदं इद्धञ्चेव फीतञ्च बहुजनं आकिण्णमनुस्सं। बहू तत्थ हत्थिकाया अस्सकाया रथकाया पत्तिकाया; बहु तत्थ धनधञ्ञं; बहु तत्थ हिरञ्ञसुवण्णं अकतञ्चेव कतञ्च; बहु तत्थ इत्थिपरिग्गहो। सक्का च तावतकेनेव बलमत्तेन अभिविजिनितुं। अभिविजिन, महाराजाऽति, किन्ति नं करेय्यासी”ति?

“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja, idha puriso āgaccheyya puratthimāya disāya saddhāyiko paccayiko. So taṁ upasaṅkamitvā evaṁ vadeyya: ‘yagghe, mahārāja, jāneyyāsi, ahaṁ āgacchāmi puratthimāya disāya? Tatthaddasaṁ mahantaṁ janapadaṁ iddhañceva phītañca bahujanaṁ ākiṇṇamanussaṁ. Bahū tattha hatthikāyā assakāyā rathakāyā pattikāyā; bahu tattha dhanadhaññaṁ; bahu tattha hiraññasuvaṇṇaṁ akatañceva katañca; bahu tattha itthipariggaho. Sakkā ca tāvatakeneva balamattena¹² abhivijinituṁ. Abhivijina, mahārājā’ti, kinti naṁ kareyyāsī”ti?

“What do you think, great king? Suppose a trustworthy and reliable man were to come from the east. He’d approach you and say: ‘Please sir, you should know this. I come from the east. There I saw a large country that is successful and prosperous, populous, full of people. They have many divisions of elephants, cavalry, chariots, and infantry. And there’s plenty of money and grain, plenty of gold coins and bullion, both worked and unworked, and plenty of women for the taking. With your current forces you can conquer it. Conquer it, great king!’ What would you do?”

“तम्पि मयं, भो रट्ठपाल, अभिविजिय अज्झावसेय्यामा”ति।

“Tampi mayaṁ, bho raṭṭhapāla, abhivijiya ajjhāvaseyyāmā”ti.

“I would conquer it and dwell there.”

“तं किं मञ्ञसि, महाराज, इध पुरिसो आगच्छेय्य पच्छिमाय दिसाय … उत्तराय दिसाय … दक्खिणाय दिसाय … परसमुद्दतो सद्धायिको पच्चयिको। सो तं उपसङ्कमित्वा एवं वदेय्य: ‘यग्घे, महाराज, जानेय्यासि, अहं आगच्छामि परसमुद्दतो? तत्थद्दसं महन्तं जनपदं इद्धञ्चेव फीतञ्च बहुजनं आकिण्णमनुस्सं। बहू तत्थ हत्थिकाया अस्सकाया रथकाया पत्तिकाया; बहु तत्थ धनधञ्ञं; बहु तत्थ हिरञ्ञसुवण्णं अकतञ्चेव कतञ्च; बहु तत्थ इत्थिपरिग्गहो। सक्का च तावतकेनेव बलमत्तेन अभिविजिनितुं। अभिविजिन, महाराजाऽति, किन्ति नं करेय्यासी”ति?

“Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, mahārāja, idha puriso āgaccheyya pacchimāya disāya … uttarāya disāya … dakkhiṇāya disāya … parasamuddato saddhāyiko paccayiko. So taṁ upasaṅkamitvā evaṁ vadeyya: ‘yagghe, mahārāja, jāneyyāsi, ahaṁ āgacchāmi parasamuddato? Tatthaddasaṁ mahantaṁ janapadaṁ iddhañceva phītañca bahujanaṁ ākiṇṇamanussaṁ. Bahū tattha hatthikāyā assakāyā rathakāyā pattikāyā; bahu tattha dhanadhaññaṁ; bahu tattha hiraññasuvaṇṇaṁ akatañceva katañca; bahu tattha itthipariggaho. Sakkā ca tāvatakeneva balamattena abhivijinituṁ. Abhivijina, mahārājā’ti, kinti naṁ kareyyāsī”ti?

“What do you think, great king? Suppose a trustworthy and reliable man were to come from the west, north, south, or from over the ocean. He’d approach you and say the same thing. What would you do?”

“तम्पि मयं, भो रट्ठपाल, अभिविजिय अज्झावसेय्यामा”ति।

“Tampi mayaṁ, bho raṭṭhapāla, abhivijiya ajjhāvaseyyāmā”ti.

“I would conquer it and dwell there.”

“इदं खो तं, महाराज, तेन भगवता जानता पस्सता अरहता सम्मासम्बुद्धेन सन्धाय भासितं: ‘ऊनो लोको अतित्तो तण्हादासोऽति, यमहं ञत्वा च दिस्वा च सुत्वा च अगारस्मा अनगारियं पब्बजितो”ति।

“Idaṁ kho taṁ, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sandhāya bhāsitaṁ: ‘ūno loko atitto taṇhādāso’ti, yamahaṁ ñatvā ca disvā ca sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito”ti.

“This is what the Buddha was referring to when he said: ‘The world is wanting, insatiable, the slave of craving.’ And it was after knowing and seeing and hearing this that I went forth from the lay life to homelessness.”

“अच्छरियं, भो रट्ठपाल, अब्भुतं, भो रट्ठपाल। याव सुभासितञ्चिदं तेन भगवता जानता पस्सता अरहता सम्मासम्बुद्धेन: ‘ऊनो लोको अतित्तो तण्हादासोऽति। ऊनो हि, भो रट्ठपाल, लोको अतित्तो तण्हादासो”ति।

“Acchariyaṁ, bho raṭṭhapāla, abbhutaṁ, bho raṭṭhapāla. Yāva subhāsitañcidaṁ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena: ‘ūno loko atitto taṇhādāso’ti. Ūno hi, bho raṭṭhapāla, loko atitto taṇhādāso”ti.

“It’s incredible, Master Raṭṭhapāla, it’s amazing, how well said this was by the Buddha. For the world is indeed wanting, insatiable, the slave of craving.”

इदमवोच आयस्मा रट्ठपालो। इदं वत्वा अथापरं एतदवोच:

Idamavoca āyasmā raṭṭhapālo. Idaṁ vatvā athāparaṁ etadavoca:

This is what Venerable Raṭṭhapāla said. Then he went on to say:

“पस्सामि लोके सधने मनुस्से, लद्धान वित्तं न ददन्ति मोहा; लुद्धा धनं सन्निचयं करोन्ति, भिय्योव कामे अभिपत्थयन्ति।

“Passāmi loke sadhane manusse, Laddhāna vittaṁ na dadanti mohā; Luddhā dhanaṁ¹³ sannicayaṁ karonti, Bhiyyova kāme abhipatthayanti.

“I see rich people in the world who, because of delusion, give not the wealth they’ve earned. Greedily, they hoard their riches, yearning for ever more sensual pleasures.

राजा पसय्हा पथविं विजित्वा, ससागरन्तं महिमावसन्तो; ओरं समुद्दस्स अतित्तरूपो, पारं समुद्दस्सपि पत्थयेथ।

Rājā pasayhā pathaviṁ vijitvā, Sasāgarantaṁ mahimāvasanto; Oraṁ samuddassa atittarūpo, Pāraṁ samuddassapi patthayetha.

A king who conquered the earth by force, ruling the land from sea to sea, unsatisfied with the near shore of the ocean, would still yearn for the further shore.

राजा च अञ्ञे च बहू मनुस्सा, अवीततण्हा मरणं उपेन्ति; ऊनाव हुत्वान जहन्ति देहं, कामेहि लोकम्हि न हत्थि तित्ति।

Rājā ca aññe ca bahū manussā, Avītataṇhā¹⁴ maraṇaṁ upenti; Ūnāva hutvāna jahanti dehaṁ, Kāmehi lokamhi na hatthi titti.

Not just the king, but others too, reach death not rid of craving. They leave the body still wanting, for in this world sensual pleasures never satisfy.

कन्दन्ति नं ञाती पकिरिय केसे, अहोवता नो अमराति चाहु; वत्थेन नं पारुतं नीहरित्वा, चितं समादाय ततोडहन्ति।

Kandanti naṁ ñātī pakiriya kese, Ahovatā no amarāti cāhu; Vatthena naṁ pārutaṁ nīharitvā, Citaṁ samādāya¹⁵ tatoḍahanti.

Relatives lament, their hair disheveled, saying ‘Ah! Alas! They’re not immortal!’ They take out the body wrapped in a shroud, heap up a pyre, and burn it there.

सो डय्हति सूलेहि तुज्जमानो, एकेन वत्थेन पहाय भोगे; न मीयमानस्स भवन्ति ताणा, ञातीध मित्ता अथ वा सहाया।

So ḍayhati sūlehi tujjamāno, Ekena vatthena pahāya bhoge; Na mīyamānassa bhavanti tāṇā, Ñātīdha mittā atha vā sahāyā.

It’s poked with stakes while being burnt, in just a single cloth, all wealth gone. Relatives, friends, and companions can’t help you when you’re dying.

दायादका तस्स धनं हरन्ति, सत्तो पन गच्छति येन कम्मं; न मीयमानं धनमन्वेति किञ्चि, पुत्ता च दारा च धनञ्च रट्ठं।

Dāyādakā tassa dhanaṁ haranti, Satto pana gacchati yena kammaṁ; Na mīyamānaṁ dhanamanveti kiñci, Puttā ca dārā ca dhanañca raṭṭhaṁ.

Heirs take your riches, while beings fare on according to their deeds. Riches don’t follow you when you die; nor do children, wife, wealth, nor kingdom.

न दीघमायुं लभते धनेन, न चापि वित्तेन जरं विहन्ति; अप्पं हिदं जीवितमाहु धीरा, असस्सतं विप्परिणामधम्मं।

Na dīghamāyuṁ labhate dhanena, Na cāpi vittena jaraṁ vihanti; Appaṁ hidaṁ jīvitamāhu dhīrā, Asassataṁ vippariṇāmadhammaṁ.

Longevity isn’t gained by riches, nor does wealth banish old age; for the wise say this life is short, it’s perishable and not eternal.

अड्ढा दलिद्दा च फुसन्ति फस्सं, बालो च धीरो च तथेव फुट्ठो; बालो च बाल्या वधितोव सेति, धीरो च न वेधति फस्सफुट्ठो।

Aḍḍhā daliddā ca phusanti phassaṁ, Bālo ca dhīro ca tatheva phuṭṭho; Bālo ca bālyā vadhitova seti, Dhīro ca¹⁶ na vedhati phassaphuṭṭho.

The rich and the poor feel its touch; the fool and the wise feel it too. But the fool lies stricken by their own folly, while the wise don’t tremble at the touch.

तस्मा हि पञ्ञाव धनेन सेय्यो, याय वोसानमिधाधिगच्छति; अब्योसितत्ता हि भवाभवेसु, पापानि कम्मानि करोन्ति मोहा।

Tasmā hi paññāva dhanena seyyo, Yāya vosānamidhādhigacchati; Abyositattā¹⁷ hi bhavābhavesu, Pāpāni kammāni karonti mohā.

Therefore wisdom’s much better than wealth, since by wisdom you reach consummation in this life. But if because of delusion you don’t reach consummation, you’ll do evil deeds in life after life.

उपेति गब्भञ्च परञ्च लोकं, संसारमापज्ज परम्पराय; तस्सप्पपञ्ञो अभिसद्दहन्तो, उपेति गब्भञ्च परञ्च लोकं।

Upeti gabbhañca parañca lokaṁ, Saṁsāramāpajja paramparāya; Tassappapañño abhisaddahanto, Upeti gabbhañca parañca lokaṁ.

One who enters a womb and the world beyond, will transmigrate from one life to the next. While someone of little wisdom, placing faith in them, also enters a womb and the world beyond.

चोरो यथा सन्धिमुखे गहितो, सकम्मुना हञ्ञति पापधम्मो; एवं पजा पेच्च परम्हि लोके, सकम्मुना हञ्ञति पापधम्मो।

Coro yathā sandhimukhe gahito, Sakammunā haññati pāpadhammo; Evaṁ pajā pecca paramhi loke, Sakammunā haññati pāpadhammo.

As a bandit caught in the door is punished for his own bad deeds; so after departing, in the world beyond, people are punished for their own bad deeds.

कामाहि चित्रा मधुरा मनोरमा, विरूपरूपेन मथेन्ति चित्तं; आदीनवं कामगुणेसु दिस्वा, तस्मा अहं पब्बजितोम्हि राज।

Kāmāhi citrā madhurā manoramā, Virūparūpena mathenti cittaṁ; Ādīnavaṁ kāmaguṇesu disvā, Tasmā ahaṁ pabbajitomhi rāja.

Sensual pleasures are diverse, sweet, delightful; appearing in disguise they disturb the mind. Seeing danger in sensual stimulations, I went forth, O King.

दुमप्फलानेव पतन्ति माणवा, दहरा च वुड्ढा च सरीरभेदा; एतम्पि दिस्वा पब्बजितोम्हि राज, अपण्णकं सामञ्ञमेव सेय्यो”ति।

Dumapphalāneva patanti māṇavā, Daharā ca vuḍḍhā ca sarīrabhedā; Etampi disvā¹⁸ pabbajitomhi rāja, Apaṇṇakaṁ sāmaññameva seyyo”ti.

As fruit falls from a tree, so people fall, young and old, when the body breaks up. Seeing this, too, I went forth, O King; the ascetic life is guaranteed to be better.”

रट्ठपालसुत्तं निट्ठितं दुतियं।

Raṭṭhapālasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ dutiyaṁ.

Next: मघदेवसुत्त • Maghadevasutta • About King Makhādeva

The authoritative text of the Majjhima Nikāya is the Pāli text. The English translation is provided as an aid to the study of the original Pāli text. [CREDITS »]

Footnotes:

1. thullakoṭṭhikā → thullakoṭṭhitakā (bj, sya-all, km, pts1ed)

2. aggakulassa → aggakulikassa (bj, sya-all, km, pts1ed)

3. anujānissanti → anujānanti (bj, sya-all, km)

4. tattheva → tatthevassa (bj)

5. pana → pana te (sya-all, km, mr)

6. paricca → parivitakkaṁ (bj, pts1ed)

7. Yathā → yadā (bj, pts1ed)

8. kuṭṭamūlaṁ → kuḍḍaṁ (bj, sya-all, km, pts1ed)

9. Añjanīva navā → añjanīvaṇṇavā (mr)

10. hatthatthare → kaṭṭhatthare (sya-all, km)

11. iddhimāva maññe na → iddhimā ca maññe (si); iddhimā maññe (cck); iddhimā maññe na (sya1ed, sya2ed, km); na viya maññe (mr)

12. balamattena → balatthena (sya-all, km, pts1ed); bahalatthena (mr)

13. Luddhā dhanaṁ → laddhā dhanaṁ (mr)

14. Avītataṇhā → atittataṇhā (mr)

15. samādāya → samādhāya (bj)

16. Dhīro ca → dhīrova (mr)

17. Abyositattā → asositattā (si, pts1ed)

18. Etampi disvā → evampi disvā (si); etaṁ viditvā (sya-all, km)

रट्ठपालसुत्त

Raṭṭhapālasutta

With Raṭṭhapāla

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