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RETARDATION
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I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
The act of slowing down or falling behind
Synonyms:
Classified under:
Nouns denoting acts or actions
Hypernyms ("retardation" is a kind of...):
delay; holdup (the act of delaying; inactivity resulting in something being put off until a later time)
Derivation:
retard (lose velocity; move more slowly)
retard (be delayed)
Sense 2
Meaning:
A decrease in rate of change
Example:
the deceleration of the arms race
Synonyms:
deceleration; retardation; slowing
Classified under:
Nouns denoting attributes of people and objects
Hypernyms ("retardation" is a kind of...):
alteration; change; modification (an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another)
Derivation:
retard (lose velocity; move more slowly)
retard (be delayed)
Sense 3
Meaning:
Lack of normal development of intellectual capacities
Synonyms:
backwardness; mental retardation; retardation; slowness; subnormality
Classified under:
Nouns denoting cognitive processes and contents
Hypernyms ("retardation" is a kind of...):
stupidity (a poor ability to understand or to profit from experience)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "retardation"):
abnormality; mental defectiveness (retardation sufficient to fall outside the normal range of intelligence)
mental deficiency; moronity (mild mental retardation)
amentia; idiocy (extreme mental retardation)
imbecility (retardation more severe than a moron but not as severe as an idiot)
Derivation:
retard (slow the growth or development of)
Sense 4
Meaning:
Any agent that retards or delays or hinders
Example:
flame-retardant
Synonyms:
retardant; retardation; retardent
Classified under:
Nouns denoting natural objects (not man-made)
Hypernyms ("retardation" is a kind of...):
agent (an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect)
Derivation:
retard (cause to move more slowly or operate at a slower rate)
Sense 5
Meaning:
The extent to which something is delayed or held back
Classified under:
Nouns denoting time and temporal relations
Hypernyms ("retardation" is a kind of...):
delay; hold; postponement; time lag; wait (time during which some action is awaited)
Derivation:
retard (be delayed)
Context examples:
Signs and symptoms include neurologic damage, mental retardation, skeletal abnormalities, hepatosplenomegaly, and ichthyosis.
(Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency Disease, NCI Thesaurus)
Signs and symptoms include low birth weight, craniofacial malformations, hands and feet malformations, and mental and psychomotor retardation.
(Monosomy 13q Syndrome, NCI Thesaurus)
Mutations and deletions of the gene are associated with severe mental retardation, stereotypic movements, epilepsy, and cerebral malformation.
(MEF2C wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)
Two pericentric inversions of the X chromosome inv(X)(q13;p22) and inv(X)(p22.3;q13.2) disrupt the gene and are associated with mental retardation.
(P2RY8 wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)
Mutations are associated with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic mental retardation.
(CRBN wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)
A rare, genetic disorder marked by developmental problems, being shorter than normal, mental retardation, heart problems, unusual facial features, and extra folds of skin around the neck, hands, and feet.
(Costello syndrome, NCI Dictionary)
Signs and symptoms include epilepsy and mental retardation.
(Classical Lissencephaly, NCI Thesaurus)
It presents with lethargy in the first few days of life, accompanied by developmental delay and mental retardation.
(Argininosuccinic Aciduria, NCI Thesaurus)
Mutations in the gene are associated with X-linked alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome, mental retardation syndromic X-linked with hypotonic facies syndrome type 1, and alpha-thalassemia myelodysplasia syndrome.
(ATRX wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)
It is characterized by severe mental retardation, prominent forehead, sparse temporofrontal hair, hypertelorism, short nose, and streaks of hypopigmented skin.
(Pallister-Killian Syndrome, NCI Thesaurus)
