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ROUGH
| Pronunciation (US): |  | (GB): | |
I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
The part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the grass is not cut short
Classified under:
Nouns denoting spatial position
Hypernyms ("rough" is a kind of...):
land site; site (the piece of land on which something is located (or is to be located))
Holonyms ("rough" is a part of...):
golf course; links course (course consisting of a large landscaped area for playing golf)
II. (adjective)
Sense 1
Meaning:
Ready and able to resort to force or violence
Example:
they were rough and determined fighting men
Synonyms:
pugnacious; rough
Classified under:
Similar:
aggressive (having or showing determination and energetic pursuit of your ends)
Derivation:
roughness (rowdy behavior)
Sense 2
Meaning:
Unpleasantly harsh or grating in sound
Example:
a gravelly voice
Synonyms:
grating; gravelly; rasping; raspy; rough; scratchy
Classified under:
Similar:
cacophonic; cacophonous (having an unpleasant sound)
Derivation:
roughness (the quality of being harsh or rough or grating to the senses)
Sense 3
Meaning:
Violently agitated and turbulent
Example:
rough seas
Synonyms:
boisterous; fierce; rough
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
stormy ((especially of weather) affected or characterized by storms or commotion)
Derivation:
roughness (used of the sea during inclement or stormy weather)
Sense 4
Meaning:
Not shaped by cutting or trimming
Example:
rough gemstones
Synonyms:
rough; uncut
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
unsheared ((used especially of fur or wool) not having been sheared)
Sense 5
Meaning:
Full of hardship or trials
Example:
they were having a rough time
Synonyms:
rocky; rough
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
difficult; hard (not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure)
Sense 6
Meaning:
Not quite exact or correct
Example:
a ballpark estimate
Synonyms:
approximate; approximative; rough
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
inexact (not exact)
Sense 7
Meaning:
Unkind or cruel or uncivil
Example:
a rough answer
Synonyms:
harsh; rough
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
unkind (lacking kindness)
Sense 8
Meaning:
Unpleasantly stern
Example:
the nomad life is rough and hazardous
Synonyms:
harsh; rough
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
unpleasant (offensive or disagreeable; causing discomfort or unhappiness)
Derivation:
roughness (an unpolished unrefined quality)
Sense 9
Meaning:
Not perfected
Example:
a few rough sketches
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
unpolished (not carefully reworked or perfected or made smooth by polishing)
Sense 10
Meaning:
(of persons or behavior) lacking refinement or finesse
Example:
rough manners
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
unrefined ((used of persons and their behavior) not refined; uncouth)
Derivation:
roughness (rowdy behavior)
Sense 11
Meaning:
Not carefully or expertly made
Example:
rough carpentry
Synonyms:
crude; rough
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
unskilled (not having or showing or requiring special skill or proficiency)
Derivation:
roughness (an unpolished unrefined quality)
Sense 12
Meaning:
Having or caused by an irregular surface
Example:
his unsmooth face
Synonyms:
rough; unsmooth
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
homespun; nubbly; nubby; slubbed; tweedy (of textiles; having a rough surface)
imbricate; imbricated (used especially of leaves or bracts; overlapping or layered as scales or shingles)
lepidote; leprose; scabrous; scaly; scurfy (rough to the touch; covered with scales or scurf)
squamulose (covered with tiny scales)
lined; seamed ((used especially of skin) marked by lines or seams)
pocked; pockmarked; potholed (used of paved surfaces having holes or pits)
rock-ribbed; rockbound (abounding in or bordered by rocky cliffs or scarps)
bouldered; bouldery; rocky; stony (abounding in rocks or stones)
gravelly; pebbly; shingly (abounding in small stones)
roughish (somewhat rough)
rugose (of leaves; ridged or wrinkled)
sandpapery (having the abrasive texture of sandpaper)
saw-like (having rough edges that can be used for sawing)
scabby (covered with scabs)
shagged; shaggy (having a very rough nap or covered with hanging shags)
coarse-textured; rough-textured; textured (having surface roughness)
verrucose; wartlike; warty ((of skin) covered with warts or projections that resemble warts)
crushed (treated so as to have a permanently wrinkled appearance)
cragged; craggy; hilly; mountainous (having hills and crags)
costate; ribbed ((of the surface) having a rough, riblike texture)
corded; twilled (of textiles; having parallel raised lines)
chapped; cracked; roughened (used of skin roughened as a result of cold or exposure)
bumpy (covered with or full of bumps)
bullate (of leaves; appearing puckered as if blistered)
broken; rugged (topographically very uneven)
barky (resembling the rough bark of a tree)
alligatored; cracked (of paint or varnish; having the appearance of alligator hide)
abrasive; scratchy (causing abrasion)
Also:
uneven (not even or uniform as e.g. in shape or texture)
unironed; wrinkled ((of linens or clothes) not ironed)
unpolished (not carefully reworked or perfected or made smooth by polishing)
irregular (contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice)
coarse; harsh (of textures that are rough to the touch or substances consisting of relatively large particles)
nonslippery (not slippery; not likely to slip or skid)
Antonym:
smooth (having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities)
Derivation:
roughness (a texture of a surface or edge that is not smooth but is irregular and uneven)
Sense 13
Meaning:
Causing or characterized by jolts and irregular movements
Example:
a rough ride
Synonyms:
bumpy; jolting; jolty; jumpy; rocky; rough
Classified under:
Adjectives
Antonym:
smooth (of motion that runs or flows or proceeds without jolts or turbulence)
Sense 14
Meaning:
Of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut or fringed or scalloped
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
spinose (having spines)
serrulate (minutely serrated)
notched; saw-toothed; serrate; serrated; toothed (notched like a saw with teeth pointing toward the apex)
runcinate (having incised margins with the lobes or teeth pointing toward the base; as dandelion leaves)
rimose (having a surface covered with a network of cracks and small crevices)
pectinate (like a comb)
lacerate; lacerated (irregularly slashed and jagged as if torn)
fringed; laciniate (having edges irregularly and finely slashed)
fimbriate (having a fringe of slender processes)
erose; jagged; jaggy; notched; toothed (having an irregularly notched or toothed margin as though gnawed)
emarginate (having a notched tip)
denticulate (having a very finely toothed margin)
dentate (having toothlike projections in the margin)
crispate (wavy or notched and curled very irregularly)
crenulate; crenulated (having a margin with small rounded teeth)
crenate; crenated; scalloped (having a margin with rounded scallops)
ciliate; ciliated (having a margin or fringe of hairlike projections)
biserrate (having saw-like notches with the notches themselves similarly notched)
bidentate (having toothlike projections that are themselves toothed)
Also:
compound (composed of more than one part)
simple; unsubdivided ((botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions)
Domain category:
botany; phytology (the branch of biology that studies plants)
Antonym:
smooth (of the margin of a leaf shape; not broken up into teeth)
Derivation:
roughness (a texture of a surface or edge that is not smooth but is irregular and uneven)
III. (verb)
Verb forms
Present simple: I / you / we / they rough ... he / she / it roughs
Past simple: roughed
Past participle: roughed
-ing form: roughing
Sense 1
Meaning:
Prepare in preliminary or sketchy form
Synonyms:
Classified under:
Verbs of sewing, baking, painting, performing
Hypernyms (to "rough" is one way to...):
prepare (to prepare verbally, either for written or spoken delivery)
Sentence frame:
Somebody ----s something
IV. (adverb)
Sense 1
Meaning:
With rough motion as over a rough surface
Example:
ride rough
Synonyms:
rough; roughly
Classified under:
Sense 2
Meaning:
With roughness or violence ('rough' is an informal variant for 'roughly')
Example:
they treated him rough
Synonyms:
rough; roughly
Classified under:
Domain usage:
colloquialism (a colloquial expression; characteristic of spoken or written communication that seeks to imitate informal speech)
Context examples:
But the little kids knew that it was the wolf, by the rough voice.
(Fairy Tales, by The Brothers Grimm)
They had nearly reached the first rock when they heard a rough voice cry out, "Keep back!"
(The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, by L. Frank Baum)
The steep slopes leading down from the smooth rock layers to the rough terrain are consistent with the young age estimates.
(Evidence for Young Lunar Volcanism, NASA)
Instead, it discovered Bennu’s entire surface is rough and dense with boulders.
(NASA Mission Reveals Asteroid Has Big Surprises, NASA)
Right you are, said Silver; rough and ready.
(Treasure Island, by Robert Louis Stevenson)
Scarcely dared I answer her; for I feared the next sentence might be rough.
(Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Brontë)
Bertrand, my daughter's page, is hot to go; but in sooth he is over young for such rough work as may be before us.
(The White Company, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle)
A rough crowd had assembled in the street to see the fighting-men go in, and my uncle warned me to look to my pockets as we pushed our way through it.
(Rodney Stone, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle)
I think their father is too rough with them very often.
(Emma, by Jane Austen)
Now we shall have no more rough road, Miss Crawford; our difficulties are over.
(Mansfield Park, by Jane Austen)
