10. Saṅghabhedasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā

Sahitassāti kāyacittehi ekībhūtassa. Tenāha ‘‘cittena ca sarīrena ca aviyuttassāti attho’’ti. Assāti ‘‘samaggassā’’ti padassa. Samānasaṃvāsakoti samāno ekūposathādibhedo saṃvāso assāti samānasaṃvāsako, laddhinānāsaṃvāsakena vā kammanānāsaṃvāsakena vā virahito. Kāyasāmaggidānatoti kāyena, kāyassa vā sāmaggiyā sahitabhāvassa dānato, tesu tesu saṅghakammesu hatthapāsūpagamanatoti vuttaṃ hoti. Kathaṃ nāmāyaṃ bhijjeyyāti ayaṃ saṅgho kena nu kho upāyena vaggo bhaveyya. Vāyāmeyyāti ussāhaṃ kareyya, pakkhaṃ pariyeseyya, gaṇaṃ bandheyyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Attano phalaṃ karotīti karaṇaṃ, yaṃ kiñci kāraṇaṃ, adhikaṃ karaṇanti adhikaraṇaṃ, visesakāraṇaṃ, visesakāraṇañca saṅghabhedassāti vuttaṃ ‘‘bhedanassā’’tiādi. Bhedakaravatthuvasena aṭṭhārasavidhanti –

‘‘Idhupāli bhikkhū adhammaṃ ‘dhammo’ti dīpenti, dhammaṃ ‘adhammo’ti dīpenti. Avinayaṃ ‘vinayo’ti dīpenti, vinayaṃ ‘avinayo’ti dīpenti. Abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena ‘bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenā’ti dīpenti, bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena ‘abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenā’ti dīpenti. Anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena ‘āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenā’ti dīpenti, āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena ‘anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenā’ti dīpenti. Apaññattaṃ tathāgatena ‘paññattaṃ tathāgatenā’ti dīpenti, paññattaṃ tathāgatena ‘apaññattaṃ tathāgatenā’ti dīpenti. Anāpattiṃ ‘āpattī’ti dīpenti, āpattiṃ ‘anāpattī’ti dīpenti. Lahukaṃ āpattiṃ ‘garukā āpattī’ti dīpenti, garukaṃ āpattiṃ ‘lahukā āpattī’ti dīpenti. Sāvasesaṃ āpattiṃ ‘anavasesā āpattī’ti dīpenti, anavasesaṃ āpattiṃ ‘sāvasesā āpattī’ti dīpenti. Duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ ‘aduṭṭhullā āpattī’ti dīpenti, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ ‘duṭṭhullā āpattī’ti dīpentī’’ti (cūḷava. 352) –

Evaṃ kammakkhandhake vuttānaṃ aṭṭhārasannaṃ bhedakaraṇānaṃ vasena aṭṭhārasavidhaṃ. Kāraṇañhi tadāyattavuttitāya phalaṃ ettha vasatīti ‘‘vatthū’’ti vuccati. Honti cettha –

‘‘Dhammavinayabhāsitā-ciṇṇapaññattikā dukā;

Āpattilahuduṭṭhulla-sāvasesadukāni ca.

‘‘Etānaṭṭhārasa ‘bheda-karavatthū’ti vuccare;

Vipallāsagahitāni, vādamūlūpanissayā’’ti.

Paggayhāti paggahitaṃ abbhussitaṃ pākaṭaṃ katvā. Tiṭṭheyyāti yathāsamādinnaṃ, yathāpaggahitameva ca katvā accheyya. Yasmā pana evaṃ paggaṇhatā, tiṭṭhatā ca taṃ dīpitañceva avinissaṭṭhañca hoti, tasmā ‘‘dīpeyya ceva nappaṭinissajjeyya cā’’ti vuttaṃ. Kīva dūre sutvā gantvā avadantānaṃ dukkaṭanti āha ‘‘sabbantimena paricchedenā’’tiādi. Pi-saddo cettha aṭṭhānappayutto, tassa ‘‘aḍḍhayojanamatta’’nti iminā sambandho veditabbo. Tattha ‘‘aḍḍhayojanamatta’’nti iminā ekavihāre vattabbameva natthīti dīpeti. ‘‘Gantvā’’ti iminā dūtaṃ vā paṇṇaṃ vā pesetvā vadatopi āpattimokkho natthi, sayameva pana gantvā ‘‘garuko kho, āvuso, saṅghabhedo, mā saṅghabhedāya parakkamī’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. 2.411) nivāretabboti dīpeti.

Samāgacchatūti ekībhavatu. Ekībhāvo ca samānaladdhivasena hotīti āha ‘‘ekaladdhiko hotū’’ti. Ekā laddhi gahaṇaṃ assāti ekaladdhiko, ekadiṭṭhikoti attho. Aññamaññasampattiyāti aññamaññassa samānadiṭṭhicittatāsaṅkhātāya sampattiyā. ‘‘Aññamaññassa guṇalābhādikāya sampattiyā’’ti keci. Asamaggo hi visuṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisati, bahisīmāyaṃ vā anupariveṇiyaṃ vāti na ekuddeso. Tenāha ‘‘ekato pavattapātimokkhuddesoti attho’’ti. Appaṭinissajjato dukkaṭanti visuṃ visuṃ vadantānaṃ gaṇanāya dukkaṭaṃ. Samanubhāsanakammaṃ kātabbanti yāvatatiyaṃ samanubhāsanakammaṃ kātabbaṃ, ‘‘suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho, ayaṃ itthannāmo bhikkhu samaggassa saṅghassa bhedāya parakkamatī’’tiādinā (pārā. 413) padabhājane vuttāhi ñatticatutthāhi tīhi samanubhāsanakammavācāhi kammaṃ kātabbanti vuttaṃ hoti. ‘‘Bhedāya parakkameyyā’’ti visuṃ vuttattā bhedanasaṃvattanikassa adhikaraṇassa samādāya paggaṇhanato pubbepi pakkhapariyesanādivasena saṅghabhedāya parakkamantassa samanubhāsanakammaṃ kātabbanti veditabbaṃ. Paṭinissajjantassa anāpattibhāvato ‘‘sotthibhāvo tassa bhikkhuno’’ti vuttaṃ.

Kiñcāpi bhikkhunī saṅghaṃ na bhindati, apica kho bhedāya parakkamatīti ‘‘sādhāraṇapaññattī’’ti vuttaṃ. Saṅghādisesaṃ ajjhāpajjantassa ñattiyā dukkaṭaṃ, dvīhi kammavācāhi thullaccayā ca paṭippassambhantīti āha ‘‘samanubhāsanakamme’’tiādi. Tañca dukkaṭaṃ te ca thullaccayā paṭippassambhantīti yañca ñattipariyosāne dukkaṭaṃ āpanno, ye ca dvīhi kammavācāhi thullaccaye, tā tissopi āpattiyo liṅgaparivattena asādhāraṇāpattiyo viya paṭippassambhanti. Sace panassa ñattipariyosāne lajjidhammo okkamati, saṃvaro uppajjati, taṃ paṭinissajjati, ñattiyā dukkaṭaṃ desetvā muccati. Atha taṃ na paṭinissajjati, bhedāya parakkamati ceva bhedanasaṃvattanikaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ samādāya paggayha tiṭṭhati ca, ñattidukkaṭaṃ paṭippassambhati, paṭhamakammavācāya thullaccaye patiṭṭhāti. Esa nayo itarakammavācāyampi. Asamanubhāsiyamānassa appaṭinissajjantassāpi saṅghādisesena anāpatti. Paṭinissajjantassāpi ñattito pubbe vā ñattikkhaṇe vā ñattipariyosāne vā paṭhamāya vā anussāvanāya dutiyāya vā tatiyāya vā yāva yya-kāraṃ na sampāpuṇāti, tāva paṭinissajjantassa saṅghādisesena anāpatti. Tenāha ‘‘asamanubhāsiyamānassa cā’’tiādi.

Ettha pana (pārā. aṭṭha. 2.416) ‘‘devadatto samaggassa saṅghassa bhedāya parakkami, tasmiṃ vatthusmi’’nti (pari. 17) parivāre āgatattā devadatto ādikammiko, so ca kho saṅghabhedāya parakkamanasseva, na appaṭinissajjanassa. Na hi tassa taṃ kammaṃ kataṃ. Kathamidaṃ jānitabbanti ce? Suttato. Tathā hi ‘‘ariṭṭho bhikkhu gaddhabādhipubbo pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā yāvatatiyaṃ samanubhāsanāya na paṭinissajji, tasmiṃ vatthusmi’’nti parivāre āgatattā ariṭṭhassa kammaṃ katanti paññāyati, na tathā devadattassa. Athāpissa katena bhavitabbanti koci attano rucimattena vadeyya, tathāpi appaṭinissajjane ādikammikassa anāpatti nāma natthi. Na hi paññattaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ vītikkamantassa aññatra odissa anuññātato anāpatti nāma dissati. Yampi ariṭṭhasikkhāpadassa padabhājane anāpattiyaṃ ‘‘ādikammikassā’’ti potthakesu likhitaṃ, taṃ pamādalikhitaṃ, pamādalikhitabhāvo ca tassa ‘‘paṭhamaṃ ariṭṭho bhikkhu codetabbo, codetvā sāretabbo, sāretvā āpattiṃ āropetabbo’’ti (cūḷava. 65) evaṃ kammakkhandhake āpattiropanato veditabbo.

Idha bhedāya parakkamane ādikammikassa devadattassa yasmā taṃ kammaṃ na kataṃ (pārā. aṭṭha. 2.416), tasmāssa āpattiyeva na jātā. Sikkhāpadaṃ pana taṃ ārabbha paññattanti katvā ‘‘ādikammiko’’ti vutto. Iti āpattiyā abhāvatoyevassa anāpatti vuttā. Sā panesā kiñcāpi ‘‘asamanubhāsiyamānassā’’ti imināva siddhā. Yasmā pana asamanubhāsiyamāno nāma yassa kevalaṃ samanubhāsanaṃ na karonti, so vuccati, na ādikammiko. Ayañca devadatto ādikammikoyeva. Tasmā ‘‘ādikammikassā’’ti (pārā. 416) vuttaṃ. Eteneva upāyena ṭhapetvā ariṭṭhasikkhāpadaṃ sabbasamanubhāsanāsu vinicchayo veditabbo. Kāyavācācittato samuṭṭhānato samanubhāsanasamuṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Paṭinissajjāmī’’ti kāyavikāraṃ vā vacībhedaṃ vā akarontasseva pana āpajjanato akiriyaṃ. ‘‘Nappaṭinissajjāmī’’ti saññāya abhāvena muccanato saññāvimokkhaṃ. ‘‘Nappaṭinissajjāmī’’ti jānanacitteneva sacittakaṃ.

Saṅghabhedasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.