2. Uposathakkhandhakavaṇṇanā

Sannipātānujānanādikathāvaṇṇanā

132-3.Tenasamayenāti attano ovādapātimokkhuddese dhuraṃ nikkhipitvā bhikkhūnaṃyeva visuṃ uposathakaraṇaṃ anujānitvā ṭhitasamayena. Ko pana soti? Majjhimabodhiyaṃ pātimokkhuddesappahonakasikkhāpadānaṃ pariniṭṭhānakālo. Tenevāha ‘‘tāni nesaṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ anujāneyya’’nti. ‘‘Evañca pana, bhikkhave, uddisitabba’’nti nidānuddesaṃ paññāpetukāmatāya ca sikkhāpadānaṃ uddesaparicchedanidassanatthañca vuttaṃ. Aññathā ‘‘evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyathā’’ti sabbasikkhāpadānaṃ uddisitabbakkamassa dassitattā idāni ‘‘evañca pana, bhikkhave, uddisitabba’’nti idaṃ niratthakaṃ āpajjati, idañca sabbasaṅghuposathaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ.

134. ‘‘Yaṃnūna ayyāpi…pe… sannipateyyu’’nti bahūnaṃ adhikārappavatti. Tatrāpi vinayaṃ āgamma vutto bhikkhu sāmi, na kevalaṃ saṅghattheroti dassanatthaṃ, saṅghassa gāravayuttavacanārahatādassanatthañca ‘‘suṇātu me, bhante’’ti āha. Tattha sayaṃ ce thero, bhikkhuṃ sandhāya ‘‘āvuso’’ti vattuṃ yujjati. Kathaṃ paññāyati? Buddhakāle saṅghatthero abyatto nāma dullabho. Sabbakammavācāya payoganidassane ca ‘‘suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho’’ icceva bhagavā dassetīti ce? Evametaṃ tathā dassanato. Saṅghaṃ upādāya saṅghattherenāpi ‘‘suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho’’ti vattabbaṃ, bhikkhuṃ upādāya ‘‘āvuso’’ti mahākassapassa kammavācāya payogadassanato, pārisuddhiuposathe ca therena bhikkhunā ‘‘parisuddho ahaṃ, āvuso’’ti payogadassanato ca. ‘‘Yadi saṅghassa pattakalla’’nti parato paññāpetabbe uposathakaraṇantarāye sandhāyāha. Uposathassa bahuvidhattā sarūpato vattuṃ ‘‘pātimokkhaṃ uddiseyyā’’ti āha. Ettāvatā ñattiṃ niṭṭhapesi. Ñattidutiyakammato eva hi uposathakammaṃ. Na, tatiyānussāvanasambhavatoti ce? Na, aññehi ñatticatutthakammehi asadisattā. Na hi ettha catukkhattuṃ ‘‘suṇātu me’’ti ārabhīyatīti. Aññehi ñattidutiyehi asadisattā ñattidutiyampi māhotūti ce? Na, ñattidutiyakammassa aññathāpi kattabbato. Tathā hi ñattidutiyakammaṃ ekaccaṃ apalokanavasenapi kātuṃ vaṭṭati, na aññaṃ aññathā kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Kathaṃ paññāyatīti? Idameva uposathakammaṃ ñāpakaṃ.

‘‘Kiṃ saṅghassa pubbakicca’’nti idaṃ na ñatti niṭṭhapetvā vattabbaṃ, tañhi ñattito puretarameva karīyatīti. Tasmā ‘‘suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho, kiṃ saṅghassa pubbakiccaṃ, yadi saṅghassā’’ti vattabbaṃ siyāti? Tathāpi na vattabbaṃ, na hi taṃ ñattiyā antokarīyatīti. Yadi evaṃ sabbattha na vattabbaṃ payojanābhāvāti ce? Na, yathāgataṭṭhāneyeva vattabbato, parapadāpekkhatāyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Idaṃ pubbakiccaṃ akatvā uposathaṃ karonto saṅgho, puggalo vā ṭhapanakkhettātikkame āpajjati. Na hi tasmiṃ khette atikkante sammajjanāsanodakapadīpakaraṇe āpattimokkho hoti. Uposathakammato pubbe kattabbakiccākaraṇapaccayattā tassā āpattiyā, na sā kammapariyosānāpekkhā etthāgatasampajānamusāvādāpatti viya, tasmā pātimokkhuddesako bhikkhu ‘‘pārisuddhiṃ āyasmanto ārocethā’’ti vattukāmo paṭhamaṃyeva parisuddhāparisuddhapaccayaṃ pubbakiccaṃ sarāpeti. Tañhi kataṃ parisuddhapaccayo hoti, akataṃ aparisuddhapaccayo, teneva ubhayāpekkhādhippāyena ‘‘kataṃ na kata’’nti avatvā ‘‘kiṃ saṅghassa pubbakicca’’ miccevāha. Tattha akatapakkhe tāva pārisuddhiārocanakkamanidassanatthaṃ parato ‘‘yassa siyā āpatti, so āvi kareyyā’’ti ca, katapakkhe ‘‘asantiyā āpattiyā tuṇhī bhavitabba’’nti ca vakkhati.

Pārisuddhiṃ āyasmanto ārocetha. Kiṃkāraṇā? Yasmā pātimokkhaṃ uddisissāmi. Ettha ca ‘‘uddisāmī’’ti vattamānakālaṃ aparāmasitvā ‘‘uddisissāmī’’ti anāgatakālaparāmasanena yvāyaṃ ‘‘dāni nesaṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ anujāneyya’’nti (mahāva. 150) ettha vuttapātimokkhuddeso, taṃ sandhāya ‘‘pātimokkhaṃ uddisissāmī’’ti vuttanti eke. Yasmā ‘‘pañcime, bhikkhave, pātimokkhuddesā’’ti vuttaṃ, tasmā vattamānassa nidānuddesasaṅkhātassa pātimokkhassa yadetaṃ ante ‘‘kaccittha parisuddhā’’tiādikaṃ yāvatatiyānussāvanaṃ, tasseva āpattikhettattā, avayavepi avayavīvohārasambhavato ca idha āpattikhettameva sandhāya ‘‘pātimokkhaṃ uddisissāmī’’ti vuttaṃ. Evañhi vutte yasmā parato āpattikhettaṃ āgamissati, tasmā āpattibhīrukā tumhe sabbeva paṭhamameva pārisuddhiṃ ārocethāti ayamattho sambhavati. Vattamānakālavasena vutte ‘‘pārisuddhiṃ āyasmanto ārocethā’’ti vacanameva na sambhavati tadārocanassa paṭhamaṃ icchitabbattā, pageva tassa karaṇābhāvena ‘‘pātimokkhaṃ uddisissāmī’’ti vacanaṃ. Ayaṃ nayo santiyā āpattiyā ārocane yujjati, na tuṇhībhāve, akammapariyosānā tuṇhībhāvappattito, evaṃ santepi tasmiṃ yujjateva. Pātimokkhuddesako hi aññamaññaṃ āpattiāvikaraṇaṃ akatvā tuṇhībhūte bhikkhū passitvā teneva tuṇhībhāvena ārocitapārisuddhiko hutvā ‘‘suṇātu me, bhante’’ti pātimokkhuddesaṃ ārabhi.

Etthāha – paṭhamaṃ ‘‘saṅgho uposathaṃ kareyya, pātimokkhaṃ uddiseyyā’’ti vuttattā idhāpi ‘‘saṅgho uposathaṃ karissati, pātimokkhaṃ uddisissatī’’ti vattabbaṃ, atha ‘‘puggalassa uddesā’’ti lakkhaṇattā yathārutameva vattabbaṃ, tathāpi ‘‘uposathaṃ karissāmi, pātimokkhaṃ uddisissāmī’’ti vattabbanti? Na vattabbaṃ lakkhaṇavirodhato, aniṭṭhappasaṅgato ca. Puggalassa uddesā eva hi saṅghassa uposatho kato hoti, na puggalassa uposathakaraṇena. Tañca sova karissati, na saṅghoti aniṭṭhappasaṅgova āpajjati. ‘‘Suṇāthā’’ti vutte acittasāmaggippasaṅgabhayā ‘‘suṇomā’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Suṇissāmā’’ti vattabbaṃ ‘‘uddisissāmī’’ti vuttattāti ce? Na vattabbaṃ, āpattikhettadassanādhippāyanirapekkhatāya ‘‘suṇoma’’ icceva vattabbaṃ. Ekapadeneva hissa tadadhippāyo atikkantoti. Yadi evaṃ kimatthaṃ taṃ sabbeheva āraddhanti ce? ‘‘Uddisissāmī’’ti iminā asādhāraṇavacanena āpannassa acittasāmaggippasaṅganivāraṇatthaṃ. Saramānenāti iminā cassa sampajānamusāvādassa sacittakataṃ dasseti. Antarāyiko dhammo vutto bhagavatāti evaṃ akiriyasamuṭṭhānassāpi evaṃ parittakassa imassa musāvādassa mahādīnavataṃ dasseti. Visuddhāpekkhenāti sāvasesaṃ āpattiṃ upādāya anāpattibhāvasaṅkhātaṃ anavasesañca upādāya gihibhāvasaṅkhātaṃ visuddhiṃ icchantena kasmā āvi kātabbā? Antarāyabhāvānupagamanena phāsuvihārapaccayattā. Idha ‘‘ajjuposatho pannaraso’’ti na vuttaṃ parato divasaniyamassa kattukāmatādhippāyena avuttattā. Evaṃ pana te bhikkhū sabbadivasesu uddisiṃsu.

135.‘‘Ādimeta’’nti sīlapātimokkhameva vuttaṃ, kiñcāpi ganthapātimokkho adhippeto. ‘‘Pañcannaṃ vā’’ti mātikāyaṃ vuttānaṃ vasena vuttaṃ. Anajjhāpanno vāti puggalādhiṭṭhānadesanā. Porāṇagaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘‘uposathaṃ kareyyā’ti ettāvatā ñatti hoti. Yāvatatiyānussāvanā nāma ‘yassa siyā āpattī’tiādivacanattayaṃ, ante ‘dutiyampi tatiyampi pucchāmī’ti idañcāti duvidhaṃ. Tattha paṭhamaṃ āpattiṃ saritvā nisinnassa, dutiyaṃ asarantassa sāraṇattha’’nti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Vacīdvāre’’ti pākaṭavasena ujukameva vuttaṃ. Kiñcāpi kāyaviññattiyāpi karīyati, kāyakammābhāvā pana vacīviññattiyāyeva āvi kātabbā. ‘‘Saṅghamajjhe vā’’tiādi lakkhaṇavacanaṃ kira. Saṅghuposathakaraṇatthaṃ saṅghamajjhe ce nisinno, tasmiṃ saṅghamajjhe. Gaṇuposathakaraṇatthañce gaṇamajjhe nisinno, tasmiṃ gaṇamajjhe. Ekasseva santike ce pārisuddhiuposathaṃ kattukāmo, tasmiṃ ekapuggale āvi kātabbāti, ‘‘etena na kevalaṃ saṅghamajjhe evāyaṃ musāvādo sambhavati, atha kho ettha vuttalakkhaṇena asatipi ‘pārisuddhiṃ āyasmanto ārocethā’tiādividhāne gaṇuposathepi sāpattiko hutvā uposathaṃ kattukāmo anārocetvā tuṇhībhūtova karoti ce, sampajānamusāvādāpattiṃ āpajjatīti imassatthassa āvikaraṇato lakkhaṇavacanaṃ kireta’’nti vadanti takkikā. Aññathā ‘‘gaṇamajjhevā’’ti na vuttanti tesaṃ adhippāyo. Ārocanādhippāyavasena vuttanti no takkoti ācariyo. Ārocento hi saṅghassa ārocemīti adhippāyena āvi karonto saṅghamajjhe āvi karoti nāma. Attano ubhatopasse nisinnānaṃ ārocento gaṇamajjhe. Ekassevārocessāmi sabhāgassāti adhippāyena ārocento ekapuggale āroceti nāma. Pubbe vibhattapadassa puna vibhajanaṃ atthavisesābhāvadīpanatthanti veditabbaṃ.

136-7.‘‘Na, bhikkhave, devasikaṃ…pe… dukkaṭassā’’ti vatvā ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, uposathe pātimokkhaṃ uddisitu’’nti idaṃ anuposathe eva taṃ dukkaṭaṃ , uposathe pana devasikampi vaṭṭatīti dīpeti, tasmā te bhikkhū cātuddasiyaṃ uddisitvāpi pannarasiyaṃ uddisiṃsu, tenāha ‘‘sakiṃ pakkhassā’’ti. Tattha purimena sāmaggīdivaso uposathadivaso evāti dīpeti. Ubhayena aṭṭhamiṃ paṭikkhipitvā devasikaṃ paṭikkhepassa atippasaṅgaṃ nivāreti. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Bhinno ce saṅgho pāṭipadadivase samaggo hoti, tasmiṃ divase sāmaggīuposathaṃ karonto ubhayampi dukkaṭaṃ āpajjanto ubhayena ekībhūtena nivārito hotīti vuttaṃ hoti. Aññathā sāmaggīuposatho na devasiko. Ce, ahorattaṃ kātabbo. Tasmiñca pakkhe pakatiuposatho na devasiko. Ce, ahorattaṃ kātabbo. Tasmiñca pakkhe pakatiuposatho anuddiṭṭho. Ce hoti, sāmaggīuposatho kātabboti āpajjati. Na apavādanayena gahetabbattāti ce? Na, aniṭṭhappasaṅgato. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Sāmaggīdivase sāmaggīuposathaṃ katvā puna tasmiṃ pakkhe pakatiuposathadivase sampatte pakatiuposatho na kātabboti. Apavādoti. Apavāditabbaṭṭhānato aññattha ussaggavidhānaṃ nivāreti.

Kittāvatānu kho sāmaggīti etthāyamadhippāyo – sāmaggī nāmesā sabhāgānaṃ sannipāto. Sabhāgā ca nāma yattakā sahadhammikā, te sabbepi honti, udāhu āvāsasabhāgatāya sabhāgā nāma hontīti. Tattha yadi sahadhammikānaṃ sāmaggī sāmaggī nāma, sabbesaṃ puthuvibhattānaṃ sāmaggī icchitabbā. Athāvasathavasena, ekāvāsasabhāgānanti vuttaṃ hoti. Aññathā ekāvāse sāmaggīti āpajjati. Mā no agamāsīti agato mā hoti.