| Tipiṭaka / Tipiṭaka (English) / Majjhima Nikāya, English translation |
मज्झिम निकाय १०
Majjhima Nikāya 10
The Middle-Length Suttas Collection 10
सतिपट्ठानसुत्त
Satipaṭṭhānasutta
Mindfulness Meditation
एवं मे सुतं—एकं समयं भगवा कुरूसु विहरति कम्मासधम्मं नाम कुरूनं निगमो। तत्र खो भगवा भिक्खू आमन्तेसि: “भिक्खवो”ति।
Evaṁ me sutaṁ—ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā kurūsu viharati kammāsadhammaṁ nāma kurūnaṁ nigamo. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi: “bhikkhavo”ti.
So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying in the land of the Kurus, near the Kuru town named Kammāsadamma. There the Buddha addressed the bhikkhus, “Bhikkhus!”
“भदन्ते”ति ते भिक्खू भगवतो पच्चस्सोसुं। भगवा एतदवोच:
“Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ. Bhagavā etadavoca:
“Venerable sir,” they replied. The Buddha said this:
“एकायनो अयं, भिक्खवे, मग्गो सत्तानं विसुद्धिया, सोकपरिदेवानं समतिक्कमाय, दुक्खदोमनस्सानं अत्थङ्गमाय, ञायस्स अधिगमाय, निब्बानस्स सच्छिकिरियाय, यदिदं चत्तारो सतिपट्ठाना।
“Ekāyano ayaṁ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṁ visuddhiyā, sokaparidevānaṁ samatikkamāya, dukkhadomanassānaṁ atthaṅgamāya, ñāyassa adhigamāya, nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya, yadidaṁ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā.
“Bhikkhus, the four kinds of mindfulness meditation are the path to convergence. They are in order to purify sentient beings, to get past sorrow and crying, to make an end of pain and sadness, to discover the system, and to realize Nibbana.
कतमे चत्तारो? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति आतापी सम्पजानो सतिमा, विनेय्य लोके अभिज्झादोमनस्सं; वेदनासु वेदनानुपस्सी विहरति आतापी सम्पजानो सतिमा, विनेय्य लोके अभिज्झादोमनस्सं; चित्ते चित्तानुपस्सी विहरति आतापी सम्पजानो सतिमा, विनेय्य लोके अभिज्झादोमनस्सं; धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति आतापी सम्पजानो सतिमा, विनेय्य लोके अभिज्झादोमनस्सं।
Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ; vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ; citte cittānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ; dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.
What four? It’s when a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of the mind—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world.
उद्देसो निट्ठितो।
Uddeso niṭṭhito.
१। कायानुपस्सना
1. Kāyānupassanā
1. Observing the Body
१।१। कायानुपस्सनाआनापानपब्ब
1.1. Kāyānupassanāānāpānapabba
1.1. Mindfulness of Breathing
कथञ्च, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati?
And how does a bhikkhu meditate observing an aspect of the body?
इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु अरञ्ञगतो वा रुक्खमूलगतो वा सुञ्ञागारगतो वा निसीदति, पल्लङ्कं आभुजित्वा, उजुं कायं पणिधाय, परिमुखं सतिं उपट्ठपेत्वा। सो सतोव अस्ससति, सतोव पस्ससति।
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati, pallaṅkaṁ ābhujitvā, ujuṁ kāyaṁ paṇidhāya, parimukhaṁ satiṁ upaṭṭhapetvā. So satova1 assasati, satova passasati.
It’s when a bhikkhu—gone to a wilderness, or to the root of a tree, or to an empty hut—sits down cross-legged, sets their body straight, and establishes mindfulness in front of them. Just mindful, they breathe in. Mindful, they breathe out.
दीघं वा अस्ससन्तो ‘दीघं अस्ससामीऽति पजानाति, दीघं वा पस्ससन्तो ‘दीघं पस्ससामीऽति पजानाति,
Dīghaṁ vā assasanto ‘dīghaṁ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, dīghaṁ vā passasanto ‘dīghaṁ passasāmī’ti pajānāti,
Breathing in heavily they know: ‘I’m breathing in heavily.’ Breathing out heavily they know: ‘I’m breathing out heavily.’
रस्सं वा अस्ससन्तो ‘रस्सं अस्ससामीऽति पजानाति, रस्सं वा पस्ससन्तो ‘रस्सं पस्ससामीऽति पजानाति।
rassaṁ vā assasanto ‘rassaṁ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṁ vā passasanto ‘rassaṁ passasāmī’ti pajānāti.
When breathing in lightly they know: ‘I’m breathing in lightly.’ Breathing out lightly they know: ‘I’m breathing out lightly.’
‘सब्बकायपटिसंवेदी अस्ससिस्सामीऽति सिक्खति, ‘सब्बकायपटिसंवेदी पस्ससिस्सामीऽति सिक्खति।
‘Sabbakāyapaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati.
They practice like this: ‘I’ll breathe in experiencing the whole body.’ They practice like this: ‘I’ll breathe out experiencing the whole body.’
‘पस्सम्भयं कायसङ्खारं अस्ससिस्सामीऽति सिक्खति, ‘पस्सम्भयं कायसङ्खारं पस्ससिस्सामीऽति सिक्खति।
‘Passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati.
They practice like this: ‘I’ll breathe in stilling the physical process.’ They practice like this: ‘I’ll breathe out stilling the physical process.’
सेय्यथापि, भिक्खवे, दक्खो भमकारो वा भमकारन्तेवासी वा दीघं वा अञ्छन्तो ‘दीघं अञ्छामीऽति पजानाति, रस्सं वा अञ्छन्तो ‘रस्सं अञ्छामीऽति पजानाति; एवमेव खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु दीघं वा अस्ससन्तो ‘दीघं अस्ससामीऽति पजानाति, दीघं वा पस्ससन्तो ‘दीघं पस्ससामीऽति पजानाति, रस्सं वा अस्ससन्तो ‘रस्सं अस्ससामीऽति पजानाति, रस्सं वा पस्ससन्तो ‘रस्सं पस्ससामीऽति पजानाति; ‘सब्बकायपटिसंवेदी अस्ससिस्सामीऽति सिक्खति, ‘सब्बकायपटिसंवेदी पस्ससिस्सामीऽति सिक्खति; ‘पस्सम्भयं कायसङ्खारं अस्ससिस्सामीऽति सिक्खति, ‘पस्सम्भयं कायसङ्खारं पस्ससिस्सामीऽति सिक्खति।
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho bhamakāro vā bhamakārantevāsī vā dīghaṁ vā añchanto ‘dīghaṁ añchāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṁ vā añchanto ‘rassaṁ añchāmī’ti pajānāti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dīghaṁ vā assasanto ‘dīghaṁ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, dīghaṁ vā passasanto ‘dīghaṁ passasāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṁ vā assasanto ‘rassaṁ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṁ vā passasanto ‘rassaṁ passasāmī’ti pajānāti; ‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati.
It’s like a deft carpenter or carpenter’s apprentice. When making a deep cut they know: ‘I’m making a deep cut,’ and when making a shallow cut they know: ‘I’m making a shallow cut.’
इति अज्झत्तं वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति, बहिद्धा वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति, अज्झत्तबहिद्धा वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति; समुदयधम्मानुपस्सी वा कायस्मिं विहरति, वयधम्मानुपस्सी वा कायस्मिं विहरति, समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सी वा कायस्मिं विहरति। ‘अत्थि कायोऽति वा पनस्स सति पच्चुपट्ठिता होति। यावदेव ञाणमत्ताय पटिस्सतिमत्ताय अनिस्सितो च विहरति, न च किञ्चि लोके उपादियति।
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati. ‘Atthi kāyo’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
And so they meditate observing an aspect of the body internally, externally, and both internally and externally. They meditate observing the body as liable to originate, as liable to vanish, and as liable to both originate and vanish. Or mindfulness is established that the body exists, to the extent necessary for knowledge and mindfulness. They meditate independent, not grasping at anything in the world.
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
That’s how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the body.
आनापानपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Ānāpānapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
१।२। कायानुपस्सनाइरियापथपब्ब
1.2. Kāyānupassanāiriyāpathapabba
1.2. The Postures
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु गच्छन्तो वा ‘गच्छामीऽति पजानाति, ठितो वा ‘ठितोम्हीऽति पजानाति, निसिन्नो वा ‘निसिन्नोम्हीऽति पजानाति, सयानो वा ‘सयानोम्हीऽति पजानाति। यथा यथा वा पनस्स कायो पणिहितो होति तथा तथा नं पजानाति।
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gacchanto vā ‘gacchāmī’ti pajānāti, ṭhito vā ‘ṭhitomhī’ti pajānāti, nisinno vā ‘nisinnomhī’ti pajānāti, sayāno vā ‘sayānomhī’ti pajānāti. Yathā yathā vā panassa kāyo paṇihito hoti tathā tathā naṁ pajānāti.
Furthermore, when a bhikkhu is walking they know: ‘I am walking.’ When standing they know: ‘I am standing.’ When sitting they know: ‘I am sitting.’ And when lying down they know: ‘I am lying down.’ Whatever posture their body is in, they know it.
इति अज्झत्तं वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति, बहिद्धा वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति, अज्झत्तबहिद्धा वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति; समुदयधम्मानुपस्सी वा कायस्मिं विहरति, वयधम्मानुपस्सी वा कायस्मिं विहरति, समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सी वा कायस्मिं विहरति। ‘अत्थि कायोऽति वा पनस्स सति पच्चुपट्ठिता होति। यावदेव ञाणमत्ताय पटिस्सतिमत्ताय अनिस्सितो च विहरति, न च किञ्चि लोके उपादियति।
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati. ‘Atthi kāyo’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
And so they meditate observing an aspect of the body internally, externally, and both internally and externally. They meditate observing the body as liable to originate, as liable to vanish, and as liable to both originate and vanish. Or mindfulness is established that the body exists, to the extent necessary for knowledge and mindfulness. They meditate independent, not grasping at anything in the world.
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
That too is how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the body.
इरियापथपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Iriyāpathapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
१।३। कायानुपस्सनासम्पजानपब्ब
1.3. Kāyānupassanāsampajānapabba
1.3. Situational Awareness
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु अभिक्कन्ते पटिक्कन्ते सम्पजानकारी होति, आलोकिते विलोकिते सम्पजानकारी होति, समिञ्जिते पसारिते सम्पजानकारी होति, सङ्घाटिपत्तचीवरधारणे सम्पजानकारी होति, असिते पीते खायिते सायिते सम्पजानकारी होति, उच्चारपस्सावकम्मे सम्पजानकारी होति, गते ठिते निसिन्ने सुत्ते जागरिते भासिते तुण्हीभावे सम्पजानकारी होति।
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī hoti, ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī hoti, samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī hoti, saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite sāyite sampajānakārī hoti, uccārapassāvakamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti.
Furthermore, a bhikkhu acts with situational awareness when going out and coming back; when looking ahead and aside; when bending and extending the limbs; when bearing the outer robe, bowl and robes; when eating, drinking, chewing, and tasting; when urinating and defecating; when walking, standing, sitting, sleeping, waking, speaking, and keeping silent.
इति अज्झत्तं वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति …पे…
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati …pe…
And so they meditate observing an aspect of the body internally …
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति।
evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
That too is how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the body.
सम्पजानपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Sampajānapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
१।४। कायानुपस्सनापटिकूलमनसिकारपब्ब
1.4. Kāyānupassanāpaṭikūlamanasikārapabba
1.4. Focusing on the Repulsive
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु इममेव कायं उद्धं पादतला, अधो केसमत्थका, तचपरियन्तं पूरं नानप्पकारस्स असुचिनो पच्चवेक्खति: ‘अत्थि इमस्मिं काये केसा लोमा नखा दन्ता तचो मंसं न्हारु अट्ठि अट्ठिमिञ्जं वक्कं हदयं यकनं किलोमकं पिहकं पप्फासं अन्तं अन्तगुणं उदरियं करीसं पित्तं सेम्हं पुब्बो लोहितं सेदो मेदो अस्सु वसा खेळो सिङ्घाणिका लसिका मुत्तन्ऽति।
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ uddhaṁ pādatalā, adho kesamatthakā, tacapariyantaṁ pūraṁ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati: ‘atthi imasmiṁ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṁsaṁ nhāru2 aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṁ vakkaṁ hadayaṁ yakanaṁ kilomakaṁ pihakaṁ papphāsaṁ antaṁ antaguṇaṁ udariyaṁ karīsaṁ pittaṁ semhaṁ pubbo lohitaṁ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttan’ti.
Furthermore, a bhikkhu examines their own body, up from the soles of the feet and down from the tips of the hairs, wrapped in skin and full of many kinds of filth. ‘In this body there is head hair, body hair, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, sinews, bones, bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, diaphragm, spleen, lungs, intestines, mesentery, undigested food, feces, bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, snot, synovial fluid, urine.’
सेय्यथापि, भिक्खवे, उभतोमुखा पुतोळि पूरा नानाविहितस्स धञ्ञस्स, सेय्यथिदं—सालीनं वीहीनं मुग्गानं मासानं तिलानं तण्डुलानं। तमेनं चक्खुमा पुरिसो मुञ्चित्वा पच्चवेक्खेय्य: ‘इमे साली इमे वीही इमे मुग्गा इमे मासा इमे तिला इमे तण्डुलाऽति।
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ubhatomukhā putoḷi3 pūrā nānāvihitassa dhaññassa, seyyathidaṁ—sālīnaṁ vīhīnaṁ muggānaṁ māsānaṁ tilānaṁ taṇḍulānaṁ. Tamenaṁ cakkhumā puriso muñcitvā paccavekkheyya: ‘ime sālī ime vīhī ime muggā ime māsā ime tilā ime taṇḍulā’ti.
It’s as if there were a bag with openings at both ends, filled with various kinds of grains, such as fine rice, wheat, mung beans, peas, sesame, and ordinary rice. And someone with clear eyes were to open it and examine the contents: ‘These grains are fine rice, these are wheat, these are mung beans, these are peas, these are sesame, and these are ordinary rice.’
एवमेव खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु इममेव कायं उद्धं पादतला, अधो केसमत्थका, तचपरियन्तं पूरं नानप्पकारस्स असुचिनो पच्चवेक्खति: ‘अत्थि इमस्मिं काये केसा लोमा …पे… मुत्तन्ऽति।
Evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ uddhaṁ pādatalā, adho kesamatthakā, tacapariyantaṁ pūraṁ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati: ‘atthi imasmiṁ kāye kesā lomā …pe… muttan’ti.
इति अज्झत्तं वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति …पे…
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati …pe…
And so they meditate observing an aspect of the body internally …
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति।
evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
That too is how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the body.
पटिकूलमनसिकारपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Paṭikūlamanasikārapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
१।५। कायानुपस्सनाधातुमनसिकारपब्ब
1.5. Kāyānupassanādhātumanasikārapabba
1.5. Focusing on the Elements
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु इममेव कायं यथाठितं यथापणिहितं धातुसो पच्चवेक्खति: ‘अत्थि इमस्मिं काये पथवीधातु आपोधातु तेजोधातु वायोधातूऽति।
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ yathāṭhitaṁ yathāpaṇihitaṁ dhātuso paccavekkhati: ‘atthi imasmiṁ kāye pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.
Furthermore, a bhikkhu examines their own body, whatever its placement or posture, according to the elements: ‘In this body there is the earth element, the water element, the fire element, and the air element.’
सेय्यथापि, भिक्खवे, दक्खो गोघातको वा गोघातकन्तेवासी वा गाविं वधित्वा चतुमहापथे बिलसो विभजित्वा निसिन्नो अस्स।
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho goghātako vā goghātakantevāsī vā gāviṁ vadhitvā catumahāpathe4 bilaso vibhajitvā nisinno assa.
It’s as if a deft butcher or butcher’s apprentice were to kill a cow and sit down at the crossroads with the meat cut into portions.
एवमेव खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु इममेव कायं यथाठितं यथापणिहितं धातुसो पच्चवेक्खति: ‘अत्थि इमस्मिं काये पथवीधातु आपोधातु तेजोधातु वायोधातूऽति।
Evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ yathāṭhitaṁ yathāpaṇihitaṁ dhātuso paccavekkhati: ‘atthi imasmiṁ kāye pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.
इति अज्झत्तं वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति …पे…
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati …pe…
And so they meditate observing an aspect of the body internally …
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति।
evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
That too is how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the body.
धातुमनसिकारपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Dhātumanasikārapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
१।६। कायानुपस्सनानवसिवथिकपब्ब
1.6. Kāyānupassanānavasivathikapabba
1.6. The Charnel Ground Contemplations
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु सेय्यथापि पस्सेय्य सरीरं सिवथिकाय छड्डितं एकाहमतं वा द्वीहमतं वा तीहमतं वा उद्धुमातकं विनीलकं विपुब्बकजातं। सो इममेव कायं उपसंहरति: ‘अयम्पि खो कायो एवंधम्मो एवंभावी एवंअनतीतोऽति। इति अज्झत्तं वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति …पे…
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṁ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṁ ekāhamataṁ vā dvīhamataṁ vā tīhamataṁ vā uddhumātakaṁ vinīlakaṁ vipubbakajātaṁ. So imameva kāyaṁ upasaṁharati: ‘ayampi kho kāyo evaṁdhammo evaṁbhāvī evaṁanatīto’ti. Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati …pe…
Furthermore, suppose a bhikkhu were to see a corpse discarded in a charnel ground. And it had been dead for one, two, or three days, bloated, livid, and festering. They’d compare it with their own body: ‘This body is also of that same nature, that same kind, and cannot go beyond that.’ And so they meditate observing an aspect of the body internally …
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति।
evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
That too is how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the body.
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु सेय्यथापि पस्सेय्य सरीरं सिवथिकाय छड्डितं काकेहि वा खज्जमानं कुललेहि वा खज्जमानं गिज्झेहि वा खज्जमानं कङ्केहि वा खज्जमानं सुनखेहि वा खज्जमानं ब्यग्घेहि वा खज्जमानं दीपीहि वा खज्जमानं सिङ्गालेहि वा खज्जमानं विविधेहि वा पाणकजातेहि खज्जमानं। सो इममेव कायं उपसंहरति: ‘अयम्पि खो कायो एवंधम्मो एवंभावी एवंअनतीतोऽति। इति अज्झत्तं वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति …पे…
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṁ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṁ kākehi vā khajjamānaṁ kulalehi vā khajjamānaṁ gijjhehi vā khajjamānaṁ kaṅkehi vā khajjamānaṁ sunakhehi vā khajjamānaṁ byagghehi vā khajjamānaṁ dīpīhi vā khajjamānaṁ siṅgālehi vā5 khajjamānaṁ vividhehi vā pāṇakajātehi khajjamānaṁ. So imameva kāyaṁ upasaṁharati: ‘ayampi kho kāyo evaṁdhammo evaṁbhāvī evaṁanatīto’ti. Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati …pe…
Furthermore, suppose they were to see a corpse discarded in a charnel ground being devoured by crows, hawks, vultures, herons, dogs, tigers, leopards, jackals, and many kinds of little creatures. They’d compare it with their own body: ‘This body is also of that same nature, that same kind, and cannot go beyond that.’ And so they meditate observing an aspect of the body internally …
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति।
evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
That too is how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the body.
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु सेय्यथापि पस्सेय्य सरीरं सिवथिकाय छड्डितं अट्ठिकसङ्खलिकं समंसलोहितं न्हारुसम्बन्धं …पे…
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṁ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṁ aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṁ samaṁsalohitaṁ nhārusambandhaṁ …pe…
Furthermore, suppose they were to see a corpse discarded in a charnel ground, a skeleton with flesh and blood, held together by sinews …
अट्ठिकसङ्खलिकं निमंसलोहितमक्खितं न्हारुसम्बन्धं …पे…
Aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṁ nimaṁsalohitamakkhitaṁ nhārusambandhaṁ …pe…
A skeleton without flesh but smeared with blood, and held together by sinews …
अट्ठिकसङ्खलिकं अपगतमंसलोहितं न्हारुसम्बन्धं …पे…
Aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṁ apagatamaṁsalohitaṁ nhārusambandhaṁ …pe…
A skeleton rid of flesh and blood, held together by sinews …
अट्ठिकानि अपगतसम्बन्धानि दिसा विदिसा विक्खित्तानि, अञ्ञेन हत्थट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन पादट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन गोप्फकट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन जङ्घट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन ऊरुट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन कटिट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन फासुकट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन पिट्ठिट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन खन्धट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन गीवट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन हनुकट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन दन्तट्ठिकं अञ्ञेन सीसकटाहं। सो इममेव कायं उपसंहरति: ‘अयम्पि खो कायो एवंधम्मो एवंभावी एवंअनतीतोऽति। इति अज्झत्तं वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति …पे… एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति।
Aṭṭhikāni apagatasambandhāni disā vidisā vikkhittāni, aññena hatthaṭṭhikaṁ aññena pādaṭṭhikaṁ aññena gopphakaṭṭhikaṁ aññena jaṅghaṭṭhikaṁ aññena ūruṭṭhikaṁ aññena kaṭiṭṭhikaṁ aññena phāsukaṭṭhikaṁ aññena piṭṭhiṭṭhikaṁ aññena khandhaṭṭhikaṁ6 aññena gīvaṭṭhikaṁ aññena hanukaṭṭhikaṁ aññena dantaṭṭhikaṁ aññena sīsakaṭāhaṁ. So imameva kāyaṁ upasaṁharati: ‘ayampi kho kāyo evaṁdhammo evaṁbhāvī evaṁanatīto’ti. Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati …pe… evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
Bones rid of sinews scattered in every direction. Here a hand-bone, there a foot-bone, here a shin-bone, there a thigh-bone, here a hip-bone, there a rib-bone, here a back-bone, there an arm-bone, here a neck-bone, there a jaw-bone, here a tooth, there the skull …
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु सेय्यथापि पस्सेय्य सरीरं सिवथिकाय छड्डितं, अट्ठिकानि सेतानि सङ्खवण्णपटिभागानि …पे…
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṁ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṁ, aṭṭhikāni setāni saṅkhavaṇṇapaṭibhāgāni …pe…
White bones, the color of shells …
अट्ठिकानि पुञ्जकितानि तेरोवस्सिकानि …पे…
Aṭṭhikāni puñjakitāni terovassikāni …pe…
Decrepit bones, heaped in a pile …
अट्ठिकानि पूतीनि चुण्णकजातानि। सो इममेव कायं उपसंहरति: ‘अयम्पि खो कायो एवंधम्मो एवंभावी एवंअनतीतोऽति।
Aṭṭhikāni pūtīni cuṇṇakajātāni. So imameva kāyaṁ upasaṁharati: ‘ayampi kho kāyo evaṁdhammo evaṁbhāvī evaṁanatīto’ti.
Bones rotted and crumbled to powder. They’d compare it with their own body: ‘This body is also of that same nature, that same kind, and cannot go beyond that.’
इति अज्झत्तं वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति, बहिद्धा वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति, अज्झत्तबहिद्धा वा काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति; समुदयधम्मानुपस्सी वा कायस्मिं विहरति, वयधम्मानुपस्सी वा कायस्मिं विहरति, समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सी वा कायस्मिं विहरति। ‘अत्थि कायोऽति वा पनस्स सति पच्चुपट्ठिता होति। यावदेव ञाणमत्ताय पटिस्सतिमत्ताय अनिस्सितो च विहरति, न च किञ्चि लोके उपादियति।
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati. ‘Atthi kāyo’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
And so they meditate observing an aspect of the body internally, externally, and both internally and externally. They meditate observing the body as liable to originate, as liable to vanish, and as liable to both originate and vanish. Or mindfulness is established that the body exists, to the extent necessary for knowledge and mindfulness. They meditate independent, not grasping at anything in the world.
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु काये कायानुपस्सी विहरति।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
That too is how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the body.
नवसिवथिकपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Navasivathikapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
चुद्दसकायानुपस्सना निट्ठिता।
Cuddasakāyānupassanā niṭṭhitā.
२। वेदनानुपस्सना
2. Vedanānupassanā
2. Observing the Feelings
कथञ्च, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु वेदनासु वेदनानुपस्सी विहरति?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati?
And how does a bhikkhu meditate observing an aspect of feelings?
इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु सुखं वा वेदनं वेदयमानो ‘सुखं वेदनं वेदयामीऽति पजानाति।
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sukhaṁ vā7 vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘sukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.
It’s when a bhikkhu who feels a pleasant feeling knows: ‘I feel a pleasant feeling.’
दुक्खं वा वेदनं वेदयमानो ‘दुक्खं वेदनं वेदयामीऽति पजानाति।
Dukkhaṁ vā8 vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.
When they feel a painful feeling, they know: ‘I feel a painful feeling.’
अदुक्खमसुखं वा वेदनं वेदयमानो ‘अदुक्खमसुखं वेदनं वेदयामीऽति पजानाति।
Adukkhamasukhaṁ vā vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘adukkhamasukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.
When they feel a neutral feeling, they know: ‘I feel a neutral feeling.’
सामिसं वा सुखं वेदनं वेदयमानो ‘सामिसं सुखं वेदनं वेदयामीऽति पजानाति।
Sāmisaṁ vā sukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘sāmisaṁ sukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.
When they feel a pleasant feeling of the flesh, they know: ‘I feel a pleasant feeling of the flesh.’
निरामिसं वा सुखं वेदनं वेदयमानो ‘निरामिसं सुखं वेदनं वेदयामीऽति पजानाति।
Nirāmisaṁ vā sukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘nirāmisaṁ sukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.
When they feel a pleasant feeling not of the flesh, they know: ‘I feel a pleasant feeling not of the flesh.’
सामिसं वा दुक्खं वेदनं वेदयमानो ‘सामिसं दुक्खं वेदनं वेदयामीऽति पजानाति।
Sāmisaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘sāmisaṁ dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.
When they feel a material painful feeling, they know: ‘I feel a material painful feeling.’
निरामिसं वा दुक्खं वेदनं वेदयमानो ‘निरामिसं दुक्खं वेदनं वेदयामीऽति पजानाति।
Nirāmisaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘nirāmisaṁ dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.
When they feel a painful feeling not of the flesh, they know: ‘I feel a painful feeling not of the flesh.’
सामिसं वा अदुक्खमसुखं वेदनं वेदयमानो ‘सामिसं अदुक्खमसुखं वेदनं वेदयामीऽति पजानाति।
Sāmisaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘sāmisaṁ adukkhamasukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.
When they feel a material neutral feeling, they know: ‘I feel a material neutral feeling.’
निरामिसं वा अदुक्खमसुखं वेदनं वेदयमानो ‘निरामिसं अदुक्खमसुखं वेदनं वेदयामीऽति पजानाति।
Nirāmisaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘nirāmisaṁ adukkhamasukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.
When they feel a neutral feeling not of the flesh, they know: ‘I feel a neutral feeling not of the flesh.’
इति अज्झत्तं वा वेदनासु वेदनानुपस्सी विहरति, बहिद्धा वा वेदनासु वेदनानुपस्सी विहरति, अज्झत्तबहिद्धा वा वेदनासु वेदनानुपस्सी विहरति; समुदयधम्मानुपस्सी वा वेदनासु विहरति, वयधम्मानुपस्सी वा वेदनासु विहरति, समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सी वा वेदनासु विहरति। ‘अत्थि वेदनाऽति वा पनस्स सति पच्चुपट्ठिता होति। यावदेव ञाणमत्ताय पटिस्सतिमत्ताय अनिस्सितो च विहरति, न च किञ्चि लोके उपादियति।
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati; samudayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati. ‘Atthi vedanā’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
And so they meditate observing an aspect of feelings internally, externally, and both internally and externally. They meditate observing feelings as liable to originate, as liable to vanish, and as liable to both originate and vanish. Or mindfulness is established that feelings exist, to the extent necessary for knowledge and mindfulness. They meditate independent, not grasping at anything in the world.
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु वेदनासु वेदनानुपस्सी विहरति।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati.
That’s how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of feelings.
वेदनानुपस्सना निट्ठिता।
Vedanānupassanā niṭṭhitā.
३। चित्तानुपस्सना
3. Cittānupassanā
3. Observing the Mind
कथञ्च, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु चित्ते चित्तानुपस्सी विहरति?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu citte cittānupassī viharati?
And how does a bhikkhu meditate observing an aspect of the mind?
इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु सरागं वा चित्तं ‘सरागं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। वीतरागं वा चित्तं ‘वीतरागं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। सदोसं वा चित्तं ‘सदोसं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। वीतदोसं वा चित्तं ‘वीतदोसं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। समोहं वा चित्तं ‘समोहं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। वीतमोहं वा चित्तं ‘वीतमोहं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। सङ्खित्तं वा चित्तं ‘सङ्खित्तं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। विक्खित्तं वा चित्तं ‘विक्खित्तं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। महग्गतं वा चित्तं ‘महग्गतं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। अमहग्गतं वा चित्तं ‘अमहग्गतं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। सौत्तरं वा चित्तं ‘सौत्तरं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। अनुत्तरं वा चित्तं ‘अनुत्तरं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। समाहितं वा चित्तं ‘समाहितं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। असमाहितं वा चित्तं ‘असमाहितं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। विमुत्तं वा चित्तं ‘विमुत्तं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति। अविमुत्तं वा चित्तं ‘अविमुत्तं चित्तन्ऽति पजानाति।
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sarāgaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘sarāgaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Vītarāgaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vītarāgaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Sadosaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘sadosaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Vītadosaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vītadosaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Samohaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘samohaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Vītamohaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vītamohaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Saṅkhittaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘saṅkhittaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Vikkhittaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vikkhittaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Mahaggataṁ vā cittaṁ ‘mahaggataṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Amahaggataṁ vā cittaṁ ‘amahaggataṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Sauttaraṁ vā cittaṁ ‘sauttaraṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Anuttaraṁ vā cittaṁ ‘anuttaraṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Samāhitaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘samāhitaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Asamāhitaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘asamāhitaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Vimuttaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vimuttaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti. Avimuttaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘avimuttaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.
It’s when a bhikkhu understands mind with greed as ‘mind with greed,’ and mind without greed as ‘mind without greed.’ They understand mind with hate as ‘mind with hate,’ and mind without hate as ‘mind without hate.’ They understand mind with delusion as ‘mind with delusion,’ and mind without delusion as ‘mind without delusion.’ They know constricted mind as ‘constricted mind,’ and scattered mind as ‘scattered mind.’ They know expansive mind as ‘expansive mind,’ and unexpansive mind as ‘unexpansive mind.’ They know mind that is not supreme as ‘mind that is not supreme,’ and mind that is supreme as ‘mind that is supreme.’ They know mind immersed in samādhi as ‘mind immersed in samādhi,’ and mind not immersed in samādhi as ‘mind not immersed in samādhi.’ They know freed mind as ‘freed mind,’ and unfreed mind as ‘unfreed mind.’
इति अज्झत्तं वा चित्ते चित्तानुपस्सी विहरति, बहिद्धा वा चित्ते चित्तानुपस्सी विहरति, अज्झत्तबहिद्धा वा चित्ते चित्तानुपस्सी विहरति; समुदयधम्मानुपस्सी वा चित्तस्मिं विहरति, वयधम्मानुपस्सी वा चित्तस्मिं विहरति, समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सी वा चित्तस्मिं विहरति। ‘अत्थि चित्तन्ऽति वा पनस्स सति पच्चुपट्ठिता होति। यावदेव ञाणमत्ताय पटिस्सतिमत्ताय अनिस्सितो च विहरति, न च किञ्चि लोके उपादियति।
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā citte cittānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā citte cittānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā citte cittānupassī viharati; samudayadhammānupassī vā cittasmiṁ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā cittasmiṁ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā cittasmiṁ viharati. ‘Atthi cittan’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
And so they meditate observing an aspect of the mind internally, externally, and both internally and externally. They meditate observing the mind as liable to originate, as liable to vanish, and as liable to both originate and vanish. Or mindfulness is established that the mind exists, to the extent necessary for knowledge and mindfulness. They meditate independent, not grasping at anything in the world.
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु चित्ते चित्तानुपस्सी विहरति।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu citte cittānupassī viharati.
That’s how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of the mind.
चित्तानुपस्सना निट्ठिता।
Cittānupassanā niṭṭhitā.
४। धम्मानुपस्सना
4. Dhammānupassanā
4. Observing Principles
४।१। धम्मानुपस्सनानीवरणपब्ब
4.1. Dhammānupassanānīvaraṇapabba
4.1. The Hindrances
कथञ्च, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति?
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati?
And how does a bhikkhu meditate observing an aspect of principles?
इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति पञ्चसु नीवरणेसु। कथञ्च पन, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति पञ्चसु नीवरणेसु?
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu nīvaraṇesu. Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu nīvaraṇesu?
It’s when a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of principles with respect to the five hindrances. And how does a bhikkhu meditate observing an aspect of principles with respect to the five hindrances?
इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं कामच्छन्दं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं कामच्छन्दोऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं कामच्छन्दं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं कामच्छन्दोऽति पजानाति; यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स कामच्छन्दस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स कामच्छन्दस्स पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनस्स कामच्छन्दस्स आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ kāmacchandaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ kāmacchando’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ kāmacchandaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ kāmacchando’ti pajānāti; yathā ca anuppannassa kāmacchandassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa kāmacchandassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa kāmacchandassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
It’s when a bhikkhu who has sensual desire in them understands: ‘I have sensual desire in me.’ When they don’t have sensual desire in them, they understand: ‘I don’t have sensual desire in me.’ They understand how sensual desire arises; how, when it’s already arisen, it’s given up; and how, once it’s given up, it doesn’t arise again in the future.
सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं ब्यापादं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं ब्यापादोऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं ब्यापादं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं ब्यापादोऽति पजानाति; यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स ब्यापादस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स ब्यापादस्स पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनस्स ब्यापादस्स आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ byāpādaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ byāpādo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ byāpādaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ byāpādo’ti pajānāti; yathā ca anuppannassa byāpādassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa byāpādassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa byāpādassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
When they have ill will in them, they understand: ‘I have ill will in me.’ When they don’t have ill will in them, they understand: ‘I don’t have ill will in me.’ They understand how ill will arises; how, when it’s already arisen, it’s given up; and how, once it’s given up, it doesn’t arise again in the future.
सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं थिनमिद्धं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं थिनमिद्धन्ऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं थिनमिद्धं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं थिनमिद्धन्ऽति पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स थिनमिद्धस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स थिनमिद्धस्स पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनस्स थिनमिद्धस्स आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ thinamiddhaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ thinamiddhan’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ thinamiddhaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ thinamiddhan’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa thinamiddhassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa thinamiddhassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa thinamiddhassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
When they have dullness and drowsiness in them, they understand: ‘I have dullness and drowsiness in me.’ When they don’t have dullness and drowsiness in them, they understand: ‘I don’t have dullness and drowsiness in me.’ They understand how dullness and drowsiness arise; how, when they’ve already arisen, they’re given up; and how, once they’re given up, they don’t arise again in the future.
सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं उद्धच्चकुक्कुच्चं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं उद्धच्चकुक्कुच्चन्ऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं उद्धच्चकुक्कुच्चं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं उद्धच्चकुक्कुच्चन्ऽति पजानाति; यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स उद्धच्चकुक्कुच्चस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स उद्धच्चकुक्कुच्चस्स पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनस्स उद्धच्चकुक्कुच्चस्स आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ uddhaccakukkuccaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ uddhaccakukkuccan’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ uddhaccakukkuccaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ uddhaccakukkuccan’ti pajānāti; yathā ca anuppannassa uddhaccakukkuccassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa uddhaccakukkuccassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa uddhaccakukkuccassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
When they have restlessness and remorse in them, they understand: ‘I have restlessness and remorse in me.’ When they don’t have restlessness and remorse in them, they understand: ‘I don’t have restlessness and remorse in me.’ They understand how restlessness and remorse arise; how, when they’ve already arisen, they’re given up; and how, once they’re given up, they don’t arise again in the future.
सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं विचिकिच्छं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं विचिकिच्छाऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं विचिकिच्छं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं विचिकिच्छाऽति पजानाति; यथा च अनुप्पन्नाय विचिकिच्छाय उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नाय विचिकिच्छाय पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनाय विचिकिच्छाय आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ vicikicchaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ vicikicchā’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ vicikicchaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ vicikicchā’ti pajānāti; yathā ca anuppannāya vicikicchāya uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannāya vicikicchāya pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnāya vicikicchāya āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
When they have doubt in them, they understand: ‘I have doubt in me.’ When they don’t have doubt in them, they understand: ‘I don’t have doubt in me.’ They understand how doubt arises; how, when it’s already arisen, it’s given up; and how, once it’s given up, it doesn’t arise again in the future.
इति अज्झत्तं वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति, बहिद्धा वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति, अज्झत्तबहिद्धा वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति; समुदयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति, वयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति, समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति। ‘अत्थि धम्माऽति वा पनस्स सति पच्चुपट्ठिता होति। यावदेव ञाणमत्ताय पटिस्सतिमत्ताय अनिस्सितो च विहरति, न च किञ्चि लोके उपादियति।
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati; samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati. ‘Atthi dhammā’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
And so they meditate observing an aspect of principles internally, externally, and both internally and externally. They meditate observing the principles as liable to originate, as liable to vanish, and as liable to both originate and vanish. Or mindfulness is established that principles exist, to the extent necessary for knowledge and mindfulness. They meditate independent, not grasping at anything in the world.
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति पञ्चसु नीवरणेसु।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu nīvaraṇesu.
That’s how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of principles with respect to the five hindrances.
नीवरणपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Nīvaraṇapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
४।२। धम्मानुपस्सनाखन्धपब्ब
4.2. Dhammānupassanākhandhapabba
4.2. The Aggregates
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति पञ्चसु उपादानक्खन्धेसु। कथञ्च पन, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति पञ्चसु उपादानक्खन्धेसु? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु: ‘इति रूपं, इति रूपस्स समुदयो, इति रूपस्स अत्थङ्गमो; इति वेदना, इति वेदनाय समुदयो, इति वेदनाय अत्थङ्गमो; इति सञ्ञा, इति सञ्ञाय समुदयो, इति सञ्ञाय अत्थङ्गमो; इति सङ्खारा, इति सङ्खारानं समुदयो, इति सङ्खारानं अत्थङ्गमो; इति विञ्ञाणं, इति विञ्ञाणस्स समुदयो, इति विञ्ञाणस्स अत्थङ्गमोऽति;
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu. Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu: ‘iti rūpaṁ, iti rūpassa samudayo, iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo; iti vedanā, iti vedanāya samudayo, iti vedanāya atthaṅgamo; iti saññā, iti saññāya samudayo, iti saññāya atthaṅgamo; iti saṅkhārā, iti saṅkhārānaṁ samudayo, iti saṅkhārānaṁ atthaṅgamo; iti viññāṇaṁ, iti viññāṇassa samudayo, iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo’ti;
Furthermore, a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of principles with respect to the five grasping aggregates. And how does a bhikkhu meditate observing an aspect of principles with respect to the five grasping aggregates? It’s when a bhikkhu contemplates: ‘Such is form, such is the origin of form, such is the ending of form. Such is feeling, such is the origin of feeling, such is the ending of feeling. Such is perception, such is the origin of perception, such is the ending of perception. Such are choices, such is the origin of choices, such is the ending of choices. Such is consciousness, such is the origin of consciousness, such is the ending of consciousness.’
इति अज्झत्तं वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति, बहिद्धा वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति, अज्झत्तबहिद्धा वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति; समुदयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति, वयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति, समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति। ‘अत्थि धम्माऽति वा पनस्स सति पच्चुपट्ठिता होति। यावदेव ञाणमत्ताय पटिस्सतिमत्ताय अनिस्सितो च विहरति, न च किञ्चि लोके उपादियति।
iti ajjhattaṁ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati; samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati. ‘Atthi dhammā’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
And so they meditate observing an aspect of principles internally …
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति पञ्चसु उपादानक्खन्धेसु।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu.
That’s how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of principles with respect to the five grasping aggregates.
खन्धपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Khandhapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
४।३। धम्मानुपस्सनाआयतनपब्ब
4.3. Dhammānupassanāāyatanapabba
4.3. The Sense Fields
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति छसु अज्झत्तिकबाहिरेसु आयतनेसु। कथञ्च पन, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति छसु अज्झत्तिकबाहिरेसु आयतनेसु?
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati chasu ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu. Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati chasu ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu?
Furthermore, a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of principles with respect to the six interior and exterior sense fields. And how does a bhikkhu meditate observing an aspect of principles with respect to the six interior and exterior sense fields?
इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु चक्खुञ्च पजानाति, रूपे च पजानाति, यञ्च तदुभयं पटिच्च उप्पज्जति संयोजनं तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनस्स संयोजनस्स आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhuñca pajānāti, rūpe ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṁ paṭicca uppajjati saṁyojanaṁ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṁyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṁyojanassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṁyojanassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
It’s when a bhikkhu understands the eye, sights, and the fetter that arises dependent on both of these. They understand how the fetter that has not arisen comes to arise; how the arisen fetter comes to be abandoned; and how the abandoned fetter comes to not rise again in the future.
सोतञ्च पजानाति, सद्दे च पजानाति, यञ्च तदुभयं पटिच्च उप्पज्जति संयोजनं तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनस्स संयोजनस्स आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Sotañca pajānāti, sadde ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṁ paṭicca uppajjati saṁyojanaṁ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṁyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṁyojanassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṁyojanassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
They understand the ear, sounds, and the fetter …
घानञ्च पजानाति, गन्धे च पजानाति, यञ्च तदुभयं पटिच्च उप्पज्जति संयोजनं तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनस्स संयोजनस्स आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Ghānañca pajānāti, gandhe ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṁ paṭicca uppajjati saṁyojanaṁ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṁyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṁyojanassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṁyojanassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
They understand the nose, smells, and the fetter …
जिव्हञ्च पजानाति, रसे च पजानाति, यञ्च तदुभयं पटिच्च उप्पज्जति संयोजनं तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनस्स संयोजनस्स आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Jivhañca pajānāti, rase ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṁ paṭicca uppajjati saṁyojanaṁ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṁyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṁyojanassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṁyojanassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
They understand the tongue, tastes, and the fetter …
कायञ्च पजानाति, फोट्ठब्बे च पजानाति, यञ्च तदुभयं पटिच्च उप्पज्जति संयोजनं तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनस्स संयोजनस्स आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Kāyañca pajānāti, phoṭṭhabbe ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṁ paṭicca uppajjati saṁyojanaṁ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṁyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṁyojanassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṁyojanassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
They understand the body, touches, and the fetter …
मनञ्च पजानाति, धम्मे च पजानाति, यञ्च तदुभयं पटिच्च उप्पज्जति संयोजनं तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स संयोजनस्स पहानं होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च पहीनस्स संयोजनस्स आयतिं अनुप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Manañca pajānāti, dhamme ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṁ paṭicca uppajjati saṁyojanaṁ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṁyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṁyojanassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṁyojanassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
They understand the mind, thoughts, and the fetter that arises dependent on both of these. They understand how the fetter that has not arisen comes to arise; how the arisen fetter comes to be abandoned; and how the abandoned fetter comes to not rise again in the future.
इति अज्झत्तं वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति, बहिद्धा वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति, अज्झत्तबहिद्धा वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति; समुदयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति, वयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति, समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति। ‘अत्थि धम्माऽति वा पनस्स सति पच्चुपट्ठिता होति। यावदेव ञाणमत्ताय पटिस्सतिमत्ताय अनिस्सितो च विहरति न च किञ्चि लोके उपादियति।
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati; samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati. ‘Atthi dhammā’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
And so they meditate observing an aspect of principles internally …
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति छसु अज्झत्तिकबाहिरेसु आयतनेसु।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati chasu ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu.
That’s how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of principles with respect to the six internal and external sense fields.
आयतनपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Āyatanapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
४।४। धम्मानुपस्सनाबोज्झङ्गपब्ब
4.4. Dhammānupassanābojjhaṅgapabba
4.4. The Awakening Factors
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति सत्तसु बोज्झङ्गेसु। कथञ्च पन, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति सत्तसु बोज्झङ्गेसु?
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati sattasu bojjhaṅgesu. Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati sattasu bojjhaṅgesu?
Furthermore, a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of principles with respect to the seven awakening factors. And how does a bhikkhu meditate observing an aspect of principles with respect to the seven awakening factors?
इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं सतिसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं सतिसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं सतिसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं सतिसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स सतिसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स सतिसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स भावनाय पारिपूरी होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ satisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ satisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ satisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ satisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa satisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa satisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti.
It’s when a bhikkhu who has the awakening factor of mindfulness in them understands: ‘I have the awakening factor of mindfulness in me.’ When they don’t have the awakening factor of mindfulness in them, they understand: ‘I don’t have the awakening factor of mindfulness in me.’ They understand how the awakening factor of mindfulness that has not arisen comes to arise; and how the awakening factor of mindfulness that has arisen becomes fulfilled by development.
सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं धम्मविचयसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं धम्मविचयसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं धम्मविचयसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं धम्मविचयसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स धम्मविचयसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स धम्मविचयसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स भावनाय पारिपूरी होति तञ्च पजानाति। सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं वीरियसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं वीरियसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं वीरियसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं वीरियसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स वीरियसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स वीरियसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स भावनाय पारिपूरी होति तञ्च पजानाति। सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं पीतिसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं पीतिसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं पीतिसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं पीतिसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स पीतिसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स पीतिसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स भावनाय पारिपूरी होति तञ्च पजानाति। सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं पस्सद्धिसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं पस्सद्धिसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं पस्सद्धिसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं पस्सद्धिसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स पस्सद्धिसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स पस्सद्धिसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स भावनाय पारिपूरी होति तञ्च पजानाति। सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं समाधिसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं समाधिसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं समाधिसम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं समाधिसम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स समाधिसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स समाधिसम्बोज्झङ्गस्स भावनाय पारिपूरी होति तञ्च पजानाति। सन्तं वा अज्झत्तं उपेक्खासम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘अत्थि मे अज्झत्तं उपेक्खासम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, असन्तं वा अज्झत्तं उपेक्खासम्बोज्झङ्गं ‘नत्थि मे अज्झत्तं उपेक्खासम्बोज्झङ्गोऽति पजानाति, यथा च अनुप्पन्नस्स उपेक्खासम्बोज्झङ्गस्स उप्पादो होति तञ्च पजानाति, यथा च उप्पन्नस्स उपेक्खासम्बोज्झङ्गस्स भावनाय पारिपूरी होति तञ्च पजानाति।
Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti. Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ vīriyasambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ vīriyasambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti. Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ pītisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ pītisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ pītisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ pītisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa pītisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa pītisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti. Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ passaddhisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ passaddhisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti. Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ samādhisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ samādhisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ samādhisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ samādhisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa samādhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa samādhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti. Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti.
When they have the awakening factor of investigation of principles … energy … rapture … tranquility … immersion … equanimity in them, they understand: ‘I have the awakening factor of equanimity in me.’ When they don’t have the awakening factor of equanimity in them, they understand: ‘I don’t have the awakening factor of equanimity in me.’ They understand how the awakening factor of equanimity that has not arisen comes to arise; and how the awakening factor of equanimity that has arisen becomes fulfilled by development.
इति अज्झत्तं वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति, बहिद्धा वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति, अज्झत्तबहिद्धा वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति; समुदयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति, वयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति, समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति। ‘अत्थि धम्माऽति वा पनस्स सति पच्चुपट्ठिता होति। यावदेव ञाणमत्ताय पटिस्सतिमत्ताय अनिस्सितो च विहरति, न च किञ्चि लोके उपादियति।
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati; samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati. ‘Atthi dhammā’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
And so they meditate observing an aspect of principles internally, externally, and both internally and externally. They meditate observing the principles as liable to originate, as liable to vanish, and as liable to both originate and vanish. Or mindfulness is established that principles exist, to the extent necessary for knowledge and mindfulness. They meditate independent, not grasping at anything in the world.
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति सत्तसु बोज्झङ्गेसु।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati sattasu bojjhaṅgesu.
That’s how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of principles with respect to the seven awakening factors.
बोज्झङ्गपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Bojjhaṅgapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
४।५। धम्मानुपस्सनासच्चपब्ब
4.5. Dhammānupassanāsaccapabba
4.5. The Truths
पुन चपरं, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति चतूसु अरियसच्चेसु।
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati catūsu ariyasaccesu.
Furthermore, a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of principles with respect to the four noble truths.
कथञ्च पन, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति चतूसु अरियसच्चेसु? इध, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु ‘इदं दुक्खन्ऽति यथाभूतं पजानाति, ‘अयं दुक्खसमुदयोऽति यथाभूतं पजानाति, ‘अयं दुक्खनिरोधोऽति यथाभूतं पजानाति, ‘अयं दुक्खनिरोधगामिनी पटिपदाऽति यथाभूतं पजानाति।
Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati catūsu ariyasaccesu? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti.
And how does a bhikkhu meditate observing an aspect of principles with respect to the four noble truths? It’s when a bhikkhu truly understands: ‘This is suffering’ … ‘This is the origin of suffering’ … ‘This is the cessation of suffering’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering.’
इति अज्झत्तं वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति, बहिद्धा वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति, अज्झत्तबहिद्धा वा धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति; समुदयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति, वयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति, समुदयवयधम्मानुपस्सी वा धम्मेसु विहरति। ‘अत्थि धम्माऽति वा पनस्स सति पच्चुपट्ठिता होति। यावदेव ञाणमत्ताय पटिस्सतिमत्ताय अनिस्सितो च विहरति, न च किञ्चि लोके उपादियति।
Iti ajjhattaṁ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati; samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati. ‘Atthi dhammā’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
And so they meditate observing an aspect of principles internally, externally, and both internally and externally. They meditate observing the principles as liable to originate, as liable to vanish, and as liable to both originate and vanish. Or mindfulness is established that principles exist, to the extent necessary for knowledge and mindfulness. They meditate independent, not grasping at anything in the world.
एवम्पि खो, भिक्खवे, भिक्खु धम्मेसु धम्मानुपस्सी विहरति चतूसु अरियसच्चेसु।
Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati catūsu ariyasaccesu.
That’s how a bhikkhu meditates by observing an aspect of principles with respect to the four noble truths.
सच्चपब्बं निट्ठितं।
Saccapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
धम्मानुपस्सना निट्ठिता।
Dhammānupassanā niṭṭhitā.
यो हि कोचि, भिक्खवे, इमे चत्तारो सतिपट्ठाने एवं भावेय्य सत्त वस्सानि, तस्स द्विन्नं फलानं अञ्ञतरं फलं पाटिकङ्खं दिट्ठेव धम्मे अञ्ञा; सति वा उपादिसेसे अनागामिता।
Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṁ bhāveyya satta vassāni, tassa dvinnaṁ phalānaṁ aññataraṁ phalaṁ pāṭikaṅkhaṁ diṭṭheva dhamme aññā; sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā.
Anyone who develops these four kinds of mindfulness meditation in this way for seven years can expect one of two results: enlightenment in the present life, or if there’s something left over, non-return.
तिट्ठन्तु, भिक्खवे, सत्त वस्सानि। यो हि कोचि, भिक्खवे, इमे चत्तारो सतिपट्ठाने एवं भावेय्य छ वस्सानि …पे… पञ्च वस्सानि … चत्तारि वस्सानि … तीणि वस्सानि … द्वे वस्सानि … एकं वस्सं … तिट्ठतु, भिक्खवे, एकं वस्सं। यो हि कोचि, भिक्खवे, इमे चत्तारो सतिपट्ठाने एवं भावेय्य सत्त मासानि, तस्स द्विन्नं फलानं अञ्ञतरं फलं पाटिकङ्खं दिट्ठेव धम्मे अञ्ञा; सति वा उपादिसेसे अनागामिता। तिट्ठन्तु, भिक्खवे, सत्त मासानि। यो हि कोचि, भिक्खवे, इमे चत्तारो सतिपट्ठाने एवं भावेय्य छ मासानि …पे… पञ्च मासानि … चत्तारि मासानि … तीणि मासानि … द्वे मासानि … एकं मासं … अड्ढमासं … तिट्ठतु, भिक्खवे, अड्ढमासो। यो हि कोचि, भिक्खवे, इमे चत्तारो सतिपट्ठाने एवं भावेय्य सत्ताहं, तस्स द्विन्नं फलानं अञ्ञतरं फलं पाटिकङ्खं दिट्ठेव धम्मे अञ्ञा सति वा उपादिसेसे अनागामिताति।
Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, satta vassāni. Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṁ bhāveyya cha vassāni …pe… pañca vassāni … cattāri vassāni … tīṇi vassāni … dve vassāni … ekaṁ vassaṁ … tiṭṭhatu, bhikkhave, ekaṁ vassaṁ. Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṁ bhāveyya satta māsāni, tassa dvinnaṁ phalānaṁ aññataraṁ phalaṁ pāṭikaṅkhaṁ diṭṭheva dhamme aññā; sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā. Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, satta māsāni. Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṁ bhāveyya cha māsāni …pe… pañca māsāni … cattāri māsāni … tīṇi māsāni … dve māsāni … ekaṁ māsaṁ … aḍḍhamāsaṁ … tiṭṭhatu, bhikkhave, aḍḍhamāso. Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṁ bhāveyya sattāhaṁ, tassa dvinnaṁ phalānaṁ aññataraṁ phalaṁ pāṭikaṅkhaṁ diṭṭheva dhamme aññā sati vā upādisese anāgāmitāti.
Let alone seven years, anyone who develops these four kinds of mindfulness meditation in this way for six years … five years … four years … three years … two years … one year … seven months … six months … five months … four months … three months … two months … one month … a fortnight … Let alone a fortnight, anyone who develops these four kinds of mindfulness meditation in this way for seven days can expect one of two results: enlightenment in the present life, or if there’s something left over, non-return.
‘एकायनो अयं, भिक्खवे, मग्गो सत्तानं विसुद्धिया सोकपरिदेवानं समतिक्कमाय दुक्खदोमनस्सानं अत्थङ्गमाय ञायस्स अधिगमाय निब्बानस्स सच्छिकिरियाय यदिदं चत्तारो सतिपट्ठानाऽति। इति यं तं वुत्तं, इदमेतं पटिच्च वुत्तन्”ति।
‘Ekāyano ayaṁ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṁ visuddhiyā sokaparidevānaṁ samatikkamāya dukkhadomanassānaṁ atthaṅgamāya ñāyassa adhigamāya nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya yadidaṁ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’ti. Iti yaṁ taṁ vuttaṁ, idametaṁ paṭicca vuttan”ti.
‘The four kinds of mindfulness meditation are the path to convergence. They are in order to purify sentient beings, to get past sorrow and crying, to make an end of pain and sadness, to discover the system, and to realize Nibbana.’ That’s what I said, and this is why I said it.”
इदमवोच भगवा। अत्तमना ते भिक्खू भगवतो भासितं अभिनन्दुन्ति।
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti.
That is what the Buddha said. Satisfied, the bhikkhus approved what the Buddha said.
सतिपट्ठानसुत्तं निट्ठितं दसमं।
Satipaṭṭhānasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ dasamaṁ.
मूलपरियायवग्गो निट्ठितो पठमो।
Mūlapariyāyavaggo niṭṭhito paṭhamo.
तस्सुद्दानं
Tassuddānaṁ
मूलसुसंवरधम्मदायादा, भेरवानङ्गणाकङ्खेय्यवत्थं; सल्लेखसम्मादिट्ठिसतिपट्ठं, वग्गवरो असमो सुसमत्तो।
Mūlasusaṁvaradhammadāyādā, Bheravānaṅgaṇākaṅkheyyavatthaṁ; Sallekhasammādiṭṭhisatipaṭṭhaṁ, Vaggavaro asamo susamatto.
The authoritative text of the Majjhima Nikāya is the Pāli text. The English translation is provided as an aid to the study of the original Pāli text. [CREDITS »]
Footnotes:
