| Tipiṭaka / Tipiṭaka (English) / Dīgha Nikāya, English translation |
दीघ निकाय ३१
Dīgha Nikāya 31
Long Discourses 31
सिङ्गालसुत्त
Siṅgālasutta
Advice to Sigālaka
एवं मे सुतं—एकं समयं भगवा राजगहे विहरति वेळुवने कलन्दकनिवापे। तेन खो पन समयेन सिङ्गालको गहपतिपुत्तो कालस्सेव उट्ठाय राजगहा निक्खमित्वा अल्लवत्थो अल्लकेसो पञ्जलिको पुथुदिसा नमस्सति—पुरत्थिमं दिसं दक्खिणं दिसं पच्छिमं दिसं उत्तरं दिसं हेट्ठिमं दिसं उपरिमं दिसं।
Evaṁ me sutaṁ—ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena siṅgālako1 gahapatiputto kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā2 namassati—puratthimaṁ disaṁ dakkhiṇaṁ disaṁ pacchimaṁ disaṁ uttaraṁ disaṁ heṭṭhimaṁ disaṁ uparimaṁ disaṁ.
So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha, in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground. Now at that time the householder’s son Sigālaka rose early and left Rājagaha. With his clothes and hair all wet, he raised his joined palms to revere the various quarters—east, south, west, north, below, and above.
अथ खो भगवा पुब्बण्हसमयं निवासेत्वा पत्तचीवरमादाय राजगहं पिण्डाय पाविसि। अद्दसा खो भगवा सिङ्गालकं गहपतिपुत्तं कालस्सेव वुट्ठाय राजगहा निक्खमित्वा अल्लवत्थं अल्लकेसं पञ्जलिकं पुथुदिसा नमस्सन्तं—पुरत्थिमं दिसं दक्खिणं दिसं पच्छिमं दिसं उत्तरं दिसं हेट्ठिमं दिसं उपरिमं दिसं। दिस्वा सिङ्गालकं गहपतिपुत्तं एतदवोच: “किं नु खो त्वं, गहपतिपुत्त, कालस्सेव वुट्ठाय राजगहा निक्खमित्वा अल्लवत्थो अल्लकेसो पञ्जलिको पुथुदिसा नमस्ससि—पुरत्थिमं दिसं दक्खिणं दिसं पच्छिमं दिसं उत्तरं दिसं हेट्ठिमं दिसं उपरिमं दिसन्”ति?
Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṁ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Addasā kho bhagavā siṅgālakaṁ gahapatiputtaṁ kālasseva vuṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavatthaṁ allakesaṁ pañjalikaṁ puthudisā namassantaṁ—puratthimaṁ disaṁ dakkhiṇaṁ disaṁ pacchimaṁ disaṁ uttaraṁ disaṁ heṭṭhimaṁ disaṁ uparimaṁ disaṁ. Disvā siṅgālakaṁ gahapatiputtaṁ etadavoca: “kiṁ nu kho tvaṁ, gahapatiputta, kālasseva vuṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassasi—puratthimaṁ disaṁ dakkhiṇaṁ disaṁ pacchimaṁ disaṁ uttaraṁ disaṁ heṭṭhimaṁ disaṁ uparimaṁ disan”ti?
Then the Buddha robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, entered Rājagaha for alms. He saw Sigālaka revering the quarters and said to him, “Householder’s son, why are you revering the quarters in this way?”
“पिता मं, भन्ते, कालं करोन्तो एवं अवच: ‘दिसा, तात, नमस्सेय्यासीऽति। सो खो अहं, भन्ते, पितुवचनं सक्करोन्तो गरुं करोन्तो मानेन्तो पूजेन्तो कालस्सेव उट्ठाय राजगहा निक्खमित्वा अल्लवत्थो अल्लकेसो पञ्जलिको पुथुदिसा नमस्सामि—पुरत्थिमं दिसं दक्खिणं दिसं पच्छिमं दिसं उत्तरं दिसं हेट्ठिमं दिसं उपरिमं दिसन्”ति।
“Pitā maṁ, bhante, kālaṁ karonto evaṁ avaca: ‘disā, tāta, namasseyyāsī’ti. So kho ahaṁ, bhante, pituvacanaṁ sakkaronto garuṁ karonto mānento pūjento kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassāmi—puratthimaṁ disaṁ dakkhiṇaṁ disaṁ pacchimaṁ disaṁ uttaraṁ disaṁ heṭṭhimaṁ disaṁ uparimaṁ disan”ti.
“Sir, on his deathbed my father said to me: ‘My dear, please revere the quarters.’ Honoring, respecting, and venerating my father’s words, I rose early and left Rājagaha and, with my clothes and hair all wet, raised my joined palms to revere the various quarters—east, south, west, north, below, and above.”
१। छ दिसा
1. Cha disā
1. The Six Directions
“न खो, गहपतिपुत्त, अरियस्स विनये एवं छ दिसा नमस्सितब्बा”ति।
“Na kho, gahapatiputta, ariyassa vinaye evaṁ cha disā3 namassitabbā”ti.
“Householder’s son, that’s not how the six directions should be revered in the training of the Noble One.”
“यथा कथं पन, भन्ते, अरियस्स विनये छ दिसा नमस्सितब्बा? साधु मे, भन्ते, भगवा तथा धम्मं देसेतु, यथा अरियस्स विनये छ दिसा नमस्सितब्बा”ति।
“Yathā kathaṁ pana, bhante, ariyassa vinaye cha disā namassitabbā? Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā tathā dhammaṁ desetu, yathā ariyassa vinaye cha disā namassitabbā”ti.
“But sir, how should the six directions be revered in the training of the Noble One? Sir, please teach me this.”
“तेन हि, गहपतिपुत्त, सुणोहि साधुकं मनसिकरोहि भासिस्सामी”ति।
“Tena hi, gahapatiputta, suṇohi sādhukaṁ manasikarohi bhāsissāmī”ti.
“Well then, householder’s son, listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”
“एवं, भन्ते”ति खो सिङ्गालको गहपतिपुत्तो भगवतो पच्चस्सोसि। भगवा एतदवोच:
“Evaṁ, bhante”ti kho siṅgālako gahapatiputto bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca:
“Yes, sir,” replied Sigālaka. The Buddha said this:
“यतो खो, गहपतिपुत्त, अरियसावकस्स चत्तारो कम्मकिलेसा पहीना होन्ति, चतूहि च ठानेहि पापकम्मं न करोति, छ च भोगानं अपायमुखानि न सेवति, सो एवं चुद्दस पापकापगतो छद्दिसापटिच्छादी उभोलोकविजयाय पटिपन्नो होति। तस्स अयञ्चेव लोको आरद्धो होति परो च लोको। सो कायस्स भेदा परं मरणा सुगतिं सग्गं लोकं उपपज्जति।
“Yato kho, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvakassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā honti, catūhi ca ṭhānehi pāpakammaṁ na karoti, cha ca bhogānaṁ apāyamukhāni na sevati, so evaṁ cuddasa pāpakāpagato chaddisāpaṭicchādī ubholokavijayāya paṭipanno hoti. Tassa ayañceva loko āraddho hoti paro ca loko. So kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjati.
“Householder’s son, a noble disciple gives up four corrupt deeds, doesn’t do bad deeds on four grounds, and avoids six drains on wealth. When they’ve left these fourteen bad things behind they have the six directions covered. They’re practicing to win in both worlds, and they succeed in this world and the next. When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.
२। चत्तारो कम्मकिलेसा
2. Cattāro kammakilesā
2. Four Corrupt Deeds
कतमस्स चत्तारो कम्मकिलेसा पहीना होन्ति? पाणातिपातो खो, गहपतिपुत्त, कम्मकिलेसो, अदिन्नादानं कम्मकिलेसो, कामेसुमिच्छाचारो कम्मकिलेसो, मुसावादो कम्मकिलेसो। इमस्स चत्तारो कम्मकिलेसा पहीना होन्ती”ति।
Katamassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā honti? Pāṇātipāto kho, gahapatiputta, kammakileso, adinnādānaṁ kammakileso, kāmesumicchācāro kammakileso, musāvādo kammakileso. Imassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā hontī”ti.
What four corrupt deeds have they given up? Killing living creatures, stealing, sexual misconduct, and lying: these are corrupt deeds. These are the four corrupt deeds they’ve given up.”
इदमवोच भगवा। इदं वत्वान सुगतो अथापरं एतदवोच सत्था:
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṁ vatvāna4 sugato athāparaṁ etadavoca satthā:
That is what the Buddha said. Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:
“पाणातिपातो अदिन्नादानं, मुसावादो च वुच्चति; परदारगमनञ्चेव, नप्पसंसन्ति पण्डिता”ति।
“Pāṇātipāto adinnādānaṁ, Musāvādo ca vuccati; Paradāragamanañceva, Nappasaṁsanti paṇḍitā”ti.
“Killing, stealing, telling lies, and committing adultery: astute people don’t praise these things.”
३। चतुठानं
3. Catuṭhānaṁ
3. Four Grounds
“कतमेहि चतूहि ठानेहि पापकम्मं न करोति? छन्दागतिं गच्छन्तो पापकम्मं करोति, दोसागतिं गच्छन्तो पापकम्मं करोति, मोहागतिं गच्छन्तो पापकम्मं करोति, भयागतिं गच्छन्तो पापकम्मं करोति। यतो खो, गहपतिपुत्त, अरियसावको नेव छन्दागतिं गच्छति, न दोसागतिं गच्छति, न मोहागतिं गच्छति, न भयागतिं गच्छति; इमेहि चतूहि ठानेहि पापकम्मं न करोती”ति।
“Katamehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāpakammaṁ na karoti? Chandāgatiṁ gacchanto pāpakammaṁ karoti, dosāgatiṁ gacchanto pāpakammaṁ karoti, mohāgatiṁ gacchanto pāpakammaṁ karoti, bhayāgatiṁ gacchanto pāpakammaṁ karoti. Yato kho, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvako neva chandāgatiṁ gacchati, na dosāgatiṁ gacchati, na mohāgatiṁ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṁ gacchati; imehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāpakammaṁ na karotī”ti.
“On what four grounds do they not do bad deeds? One does bad deeds prejudiced by favoritism, hostility, stupidity, and cowardice. When a noble disciple is not prejudiced by favoritism, hostility, stupidity, and cowardice, they don’t do bad deeds on these four grounds.”
इदमवोच भगवा। इदं वत्वान सुगतो अथापरं एतदवोच सत्था:
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṁ vatvāna sugato athāparaṁ etadavoca satthā:
That is what the Buddha said. Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:
“छन्दा दोसा भया मोहा, यो धम्मं अतिवत्तति; निहीयति यसो तस्स, काळपक्खेव चन्दिमा।
“Chandā dosā bhayā mohā, yo dhammaṁ ativattati; Nihīyati yaso tassa, kāḷapakkheva candimā.
“If you act against the teaching out of favoritism, hostility, cowardice, or stupidity, your fame shrinks, like the moon in the waning fortnight.
छन्दा दोसा भया मोहा, यो धम्मं नातिवत्तति; आपूरति यसो तस्स, सुक्कपक्खेव चन्दिमा”ति।
Chandā dosā bhayā mohā, yo dhammaṁ nātivattati; Āpūrati yaso tassa, sukkapakkheva5 candimā”ti.
If you don’t act against the teaching out of favoritism, hostility, cowardice, and stupidity, your fame swells, like the moon in the waxing fortnight.”
४। छ अपायमुखानि
4. Cha apāyamukhāni
4. Six Drains on Wealth
“कतमानि छ भोगानं अपायमुखानि न सेवति? सुरामेरयमज्जप्पमादट्ठानानुयोगो खो, गहपतिपुत्त, भोगानं अपायमुखं, विकालविसिखाचरियानुयोगो भोगानं अपायमुखं, समज्जाभिचरणं भोगानं अपायमुखं, जूतप्पमादट्ठानानुयोगो भोगानं अपायमुखं, पापमित्तानुयोगो भोगानं अपायमुखं, आलस्यानुयोगो भोगानं अपायमुखं।
“Katamāni cha bhogānaṁ apāyamukhāni na sevati? Surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyogo kho, gahapatiputta, bhogānaṁ apāyamukhaṁ, vikālavisikhācariyānuyogo bhogānaṁ apāyamukhaṁ, samajjābhicaraṇaṁ bhogānaṁ apāyamukhaṁ, jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyogo bhogānaṁ apāyamukhaṁ, pāpamittānuyogo bhogānaṁ apāyamukhaṁ, ālasyānuyogo bhogānaṁ apāyamukhaṁ.
“What six drains on wealth do they avoid? Habitually engaging in the following things is a drain on wealth: drinking alcohol; roaming the streets at night; frequenting festivals; gambling; bad friends; laziness.
५। सुरामेरयस्स छ आदीनवा
5. Surāmerayassa cha ādīnavā
5. Six Drawbacks of Drinking
छ खोमे, गहपतिपुत्त, आदीनवा सुरामेरयमज्जप्पमादट्ठानानुयोगे। सन्दिट्ठिका धनजानि, कलहप्पवड्ढनी, रोगानं आयतनं, अकित्तिसञ्जननी, कोपीननिदंसनी, पञ्ञाय दुब्बलिकरणीत्वेव छट्ठं पदं भवति। इमे खो, गहपतिपुत्त, छ आदीनवा सुरामेरयमज्जप्पमादट्ठानानुयोगे।
Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge. Sandiṭṭhikā dhanajāni, kalahappavaḍḍhanī, rogānaṁ āyatanaṁ, akittisañjananī, kopīnanidaṁsanī, paññāya dubbalikaraṇītveva chaṭṭhaṁ padaṁ bhavati. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.
There are these six drawbacks of habitually drinking alcohol. Immediate loss of wealth, promotion of quarrels, susceptibility to illness, disrepute, indecent exposure; and weakened wisdom is the sixth thing. These are the six drawbacks of habitually drinking alcohol.
६। विकालचरियाय छ आदीनवा
6. Vikālacariyāya cha ādīnavā
6. Six Drawbacks of Roaming the Streets at Night
छ खोमे, गहपतिपुत्त, आदीनवा विकालविसिखाचरियानुयोगे। अत्तापिस्स अगुत्तो अरक्खितो होति, पुत्तदारोपिस्स अगुत्तो अरक्खितो होति, सापतेय्यम्पिस्स अगुत्तं अरक्खितं होति, सङ्कियो च होति पापकेसु ठानेसु, अभूतवचनञ्च तस्मिं रूहति, बहूनञ्च दुक्खधम्मानं पुरक्खतो होति। इमे खो, गहपतिपुत्त, छ आदीनवा विकालविसिखाचरियानुयोगे।
Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge. Attāpissa agutto arakkhito hoti, puttadāropissa agutto arakkhito hoti, sāpateyyampissa aguttaṁ arakkhitaṁ hoti, saṅkiyo ca hoti pāpakesu ṭhānesu, abhūtavacanañca tasmiṁ rūhati, bahūnañca dukkhadhammānaṁ purakkhato hoti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge.
There are these six drawbacks of roaming the streets at night. Yourself, your partners and children, and your property are all left unguarded. You’re suspected of bad deeds. Untrue rumors spread about you. You’re at the forefront of many things that entail suffering. These are the six drawbacks of roaming the streets at night.
७। समज्जाभिचरणस्स छ आदीनवा
7. Samajjābhicaraṇassa cha ādīnavā
7. Six Drawbacks of Festivals
छ खोमे, गहपतिपुत्त, आदीनवा समज्जाभिचरणे। क्व नच्चं, क्व गीतं, क्व वादितं, क्व अक्खानं, क्व पाणिस्सरं, क्व कुम्भथुनन्ति। इमे खो, गहपतिपुत्त, छ आदीनवा समज्जाभिचरणे।
Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā samajjābhicaraṇe. Kva6 naccaṁ, kva gītaṁ, kva vāditaṁ, kva akkhānaṁ, kva pāṇissaraṁ, kva kumbhathunanti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā samajjābhicaraṇe.
There are these six drawbacks of frequenting festivals. You’re always thinking: ‘Where’s the dancing? Where’s the singing? Where’s the music? Where are the stories? Where’s the applause? Where are the kettledrums?’ These are the six drawbacks of frequenting festivals.
८। जूतप्पमादस्स छ आदीनवा
8. Jūtappamādassa cha ādīnavā
8. Six Drawbacks of Gambling
छ खोमे, गहपतिपुत्त, आदीनवा जूतप्पमादट्ठानानुयोगे। जयं वेरं पसवति, जिनो वित्तमनुसोचति, सन्दिट्ठिका धनजानि, सभागतस्स वचनं न रूहति, मित्तामच्चानं परिभूतो होति, आवाहविवाहकानं अपत्थितो होति: ‘अक्खधुत्तो अयं पुरिसपुग्गलो नालं दारभरणायाऽति। इमे खो, गहपतिपुत्त, छ आदीनवा जूतप्पमादट्ठानानुयोगे।
Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge. Jayaṁ veraṁ pasavati, jino vittamanusocati, sandiṭṭhikā dhanajāni, sabhāgatassa7 vacanaṁ na rūhati, mittāmaccānaṁ paribhūto hoti, āvāhavivāhakānaṁ apatthito hoti: ‘akkhadhutto ayaṁ purisapuggalo nālaṁ dārabharaṇāyā’ti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.
There are these six drawbacks of habitually gambling. Victory breeds enmity. The loser mourns their money. There is immediate loss of wealth. A gambler’s word carries no weight in public assembly. Friends and colleagues treat them with contempt. And no-one wants to marry a gambler, for they think: ‘This individual is a gambler—they’re not able to support a partner.’ These are the six drawbacks of habitually gambling.
९। पापमित्तताय छ आदीनवा
9. Pāpamittatāya cha ādīnavā
9. Six Drawbacks of Bad Friends
छ खोमे, गहपतिपुत्त, आदीनवा पापमित्तानुयोगे। ये धुत्ता, ये सोण्डा, ये पिपासा, ये नेकतिका, ये वञ्चनिका, ये साहसिका। त्यास्स मित्ता होन्ति ते सहाया। इमे खो, गहपतिपुत्त, छ आदीनवा पापमित्तानुयोगे।
Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā pāpamittānuyoge. Ye dhuttā, ye soṇḍā, ye pipāsā, ye nekatikā, ye vañcanikā, ye sāhasikā. Tyāssa mittā honti te sahāyā. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā pāpamittānuyoge.
There are these six drawbacks of bad friends. You become friends and companions with those who are addicts, carousers, drunkards, frauds, swindlers, and thugs. These are the six drawbacks of bad friends.
१०। आलस्यस्स छ आदीनवा
10. Ālasyassa cha ādīnavā
10. Six Drawbacks of Laziness
छ खोमे, गहपतिपुत्त, आदीनवा आलस्यानुयोगे। अतिसीतन्ति कम्मं न करोति, अतिउण्हन्ति कम्मं न करोति, अतिसायन्ति कम्मं न करोति, अतिपातोति कम्मं न करोति, अतिछातोस्मीति कम्मं न करोति, अतिधातोस्मीति कम्मं न करोति। तस्स एवं किच्चापदेसबहुलस्स विहरतो अनुप्पन्ना चेव भोगा नुप्पज्जन्ति, उप्पन्ना च भोगा परिक्खयं गच्छन्ति। इमे खो, गहपतिपुत्त, छ आदीनवा आलस्यानुयोगे”ति।
Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā ālasyānuyoge. Atisītanti kammaṁ na karoti, atiuṇhanti kammaṁ na karoti, atisāyanti kammaṁ na karoti, atipātoti kammaṁ na karoti, atichātosmīti kammaṁ na karoti, atidhātosmīti kammaṁ na karoti. Tassa evaṁ kiccāpadesabahulassa viharato anuppannā ceva bhogā nuppajjanti, uppannā ca bhogā parikkhayaṁ gacchanti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā ālasyānuyoge”ti.
There are these six drawbacks of habitual laziness. You don’t get your work done because you think: ‘It’s too cold! It’s too hot. It’s too late! It’s too early! I’m too hungry! I’m too full!’ By dwelling on so many excuses for not working, you don’t make any more money, and the money you already have runs out. These are the six drawbacks of habitual laziness.”
इदमवोच भगवा। इदं वत्वान सुगतो अथापरं एतदवोच सत्था:
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṁ vatvāna sugato athāparaṁ etadavoca satthā:
That is what the Buddha said. Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:
“होति पानसखा नाम, होति सम्मियसम्मियो; यो च अत्थेसु जातेसु, सहायो होति सो सखा।
“Hoti pānasakhā nāma, hoti sammiyasammiyo; Yo ca atthesu jātesu, sahāyo hoti so sakhā.
“Some are just drinking buddies, some call you their dear, dear friend, but a true friend is one who stands by you in need.
उस्सूरसेय्या परदारसेवना, वेरप्पसवो च अनत्थता च; पापा च मित्ता सुकदरियता च, एते छ ठाना पुरिसं धंसयन्ति।
Ussūraseyyā paradārasevanā, Verappasavo8 ca anatthatā ca; Pāpā ca mittā sukadariyatā ca, Ete cha ṭhānā purisaṁ dhaṁsayanti.
Sleeping late, adultery, making enemies, harmfulness, bad friends, and avarice: these six grounds ruin a person.
पापमित्तो पापसखो, पापआचारगोचरो; अस्मा लोका परम्हा च, उभया धंसते नरो।
Pāpamitto pāpasakho, pāpaācāragocaro; Asmā lokā paramhā ca, ubhayā dhaṁsate naro.
With bad friends, bad companions, bad behavior and alms-resort, a man falls to ruin in both this world and the next.
अक्खित्थियो वारुणी नच्चगीतं, दिवा सोप्पं पारिचरिया अकाले; पापा च मित्ता सुकदरियता च, एते छ ठाना पुरिसं धंसयन्ति।
Akkhitthiyo vāruṇī naccagītaṁ, Divā soppaṁ pāricariyā akāle; Pāpā ca mittā sukadariyatā ca, Ete cha ṭhānā purisaṁ dhaṁsayanti.
Dice, women, drink, song and dance; sleeping by day and roaming at night; bad friends, and avarice: these six grounds ruin a person.
अक्खेहि दिब्बन्ति सुरं पिवन्ति, यन्तित्थियो पाणसमा परेसं; निहीनसेवी न च वुद्धसेवी, निहीयते काळपक्खेव चन्दो।
Akkhehi dibbanti suraṁ pivanti, Yantitthiyo pāṇasamā paresaṁ; Nihīnasevī na ca vuddhasevī, Nihīyate kāḷapakkheva cando.
They play dice and drink liquor, and consort with women loved by others. Associating with the worse, not the better, they diminish like the waning moon.
यो वारुणी अद्धनो अकिञ्चनो, पिपासो पिवं पपागतो; उदकमिव इणं विगाहति, अकुलं काहिति खिप्पमत्तनो।
Yo vāruṇī addhano akiñcano, Pipāso pivaṁ papāgato; Udakamiva iṇaṁ vigāhati, Akulaṁ9 kāhiti khippamattano.
A drunkard, broke, and destitute, thirsty, drinking in the bar, drowning in debt, will quickly lose their way.
न दिवा सोप्पसीलेन, रत्तिमुट्ठानदेस्सिना; निच्चं मत्तेन सोण्डेन, सक्का आवसितुं घरं।
Na divā soppasīlena, rattimuṭṭhānadessinā; Niccaṁ mattena soṇḍena, sakkā āvasituṁ gharaṁ.
When you’re in the habit of sleeping late, seeing night as time to rise, and always getting drunk, you can’t keep up the household life.
अतिसीतं अतिउण्हं, अतिसायमिदं अहु; इति विस्सट्ठकम्मन्ते, अत्था अच्चेन्ति माणवे।
Atisītaṁ atiuṇhaṁ, atisāyamidaṁ ahu; Iti vissaṭṭhakammante, atthā accenti māṇave.
‘Too cold, too hot, too late,’ they say. When the young neglect their work like this, riches pass them by.
योध सीतञ्च उण्हञ्च, तिणा भिय्यो न मञ्ञति; करं पुरिसकिच्चानि, सो सुखं न विहायती”ति।
Yodha sītañca uṇhañca, tiṇā bhiyyo na maññati; Karaṁ purisakiccāni, so sukhaṁ10 na vihāyatī”ti.
But one who considers heat and cold as nothing more than blades of grass—he does his duties as a man, and happiness never fails.”
११। मित्तपतिरूपक
11. Mittapatirūpaka
11. Fake Friends
“चत्तारोमे, गहपतिपुत्त, अमित्ता मित्तपतिरूपका वेदितब्बा। अञ्ञदत्थुहरो अमित्तो मित्तपतिरूपको वेदितब्बो, वचीपरमो अमित्तो मित्तपतिरूपको वेदितब्बो, अनुप्पियभाणी अमित्तो मित्तपतिरूपको वेदितब्बो, अपायसहायो अमित्तो मित्तपतिरूपको वेदितब्बो।
“Cattārome, gahapatiputta, amittā mittapatirūpakā veditabbā. Aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
“Householder’s son, you should recognize these four enemies disguised as friends: the taker, the talker, the flatterer, the spender.
चतूहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, ठानेहि अञ्ञदत्थुहरो अमित्तो मित्तपतिरूपको वेदितब्बो।
Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
You can recognize a fake friend who’s all take on four grounds.
अञ्ञदत्थुहरो होति, अप्पेन बहुमिच्छति; भयस्स किच्चं करोति, सेवति अत्थकारणा।
Aññadatthuharo hoti, appena bahumicchati; Bhayassa kiccaṁ karoti, sevati atthakāraṇā.
Your possessions end up theirs. Giving little, they expect a lot. They do their duty out of fear. They associate for their own advantage.
इमेहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, चतूहि ठानेहि अञ्ञदत्थुहरो अमित्तो मित्तपतिरूपको वेदितब्बो।
Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
You can recognize a fake friend who’s all take on these four grounds.
चतूहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, ठानेहि वचीपरमो अमित्तो मित्तपतिरूपको वेदितब्बो। अतीतेन पटिसन्थरति, अनागतेन पटिसन्थरति, निरत्थकेन सङ्गण्हाति, पच्चुप्पन्नेसु किच्चेसु ब्यसनं दस्सेति। इमेहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, चतूहि ठानेहि वचीपरमो अमित्तो मित्तपतिरूपको वेदितब्बो।
Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo. Atītena paṭisantharati, anāgatena paṭisantharati, niratthakena saṅgaṇhāti, paccuppannesu kiccesu byasanaṁ dasseti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
You can recognize a fake friend who’s all talk on four grounds. They’re hospitable in the past. They’re hospitable in the future. They’re full of meaningless pleasantries. When something needs doing in the present they point to their own misfortune. You can recognize a fake friend who’s all talk on these four grounds.
चतूहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, ठानेहि अनुप्पियभाणी अमित्तो मित्तपतिरूपको वेदितब्बो। पापकम्पिस्स अनुजानाति, कल्याणम्पिस्स अनुजानाति, सम्मुखास्स वण्णं भासति, परम्मुखास्स अवण्णं भासति। इमेहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, चतूहि ठानेहि अनुप्पियभाणी अमित्तो मित्तपतिरूपको वेदितब्बो।
Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo. Pāpakampissa11 anujānāti, kalyāṇampissa anujānāti, sammukhāssa vaṇṇaṁ bhāsati, parammukhāssa avaṇṇaṁ bhāsati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.
You can recognize a fake friend who’s a flatterer on four grounds. They support you equally in doing bad and doing good. They praise you to your face, and put you down behind your back. You can recognize a fake friend who’s a flatterer on these four grounds.
चतूहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, ठानेहि अपायसहायो अमित्तो मित्तपतिरूपको वेदितब्बो। सुरामेरयमज्जप्पमादट्ठानानुयोगे सहायो होति, विकालविसिखाचरियानुयोगे सहायो होति, समज्जाभिचरणे सहायो होति, जूतप्पमादट्ठानानुयोगे सहायो होति। इमेहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, चतूहि ठानेहि अपायसहायो अमित्तो मित्तपतिरूपको वेदितब्बो”ति।
Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo. Surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge sahāyo hoti, vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge sahāyo hoti, samajjābhicaraṇe sahāyo hoti, jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge sahāyo hoti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo”ti.
You can recognize a fake friend who’s a spender on four grounds. They accompany you when drinking, roaming the streets at night, frequenting festivals, and gambling. You can recognize a fake friend who’s a spender on these four grounds.”
इदमवोच भगवा। इदं वत्वान सुगतो अथापरं एतदवोच सत्था:
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṁ vatvāna sugato athāparaṁ etadavoca satthā:
That is what the Buddha said. Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:
“अञ्ञदत्थुहरो मित्तो, यो च मित्तो वचीपरो; अनुप्पियञ्च यो आह, अपायेसु च यो सखा।
“Aññadatthuharo mitto, yo ca mitto vacīparo; Anuppiyañca yo āha, apāyesu ca yo sakhā.
“One friend is all take, another all talk; one’s just a flatterer, and one’s a friend who spends.
एते अमित्ते चत्तारो, इति विञ्ञाय पण्डितो; आरका परिवज्जेय्य, मग्गं पटिभयं यथा”ति।
Ete amitte cattāro, iti viññāya paṇḍito; Ārakā parivajjeyya, maggaṁ paṭibhayaṁ yathā”ti.
An astute person understands these four enemies for what they are and keeps them at a distance, as they’d shun a risky road.”
१२। सुहदमित्त
12. Suhadamitta
12. Good-Hearted Friends
“चत्तारोमे, गहपतिपुत्त, मित्ता सुहदा वेदितब्बा। उपकारो मित्तो सुहदो वेदितब्बो, समानसुखदुक्खो मित्तो सुहदो वेदितब्बो, अत्थक्खायी मित्तो सुहदो वेदितब्बो, अनुकम्पको मित्तो सुहदो वेदितब्बो।
“Cattārome, gahapatiputta, mittā suhadā veditabbā. Upakāro12 mitto suhado veditabbo, samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo, atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo, anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo.
“Householder’s son, you should recognize these four good-hearted friends: the helper, the friend in good times and bad, the counselor, and the one who’s compassionate.
चतूहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, ठानेहि उपकारो मित्तो सुहदो वेदितब्बो। पमत्तं रक्खति, पमत्तस्स सापतेय्यं रक्खति, भीतस्स सरणं होति, उप्पन्नेसु किच्चकरणीयेसु तद्दिगुणं भोगं अनुप्पदेति। इमेहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, चतूहि ठानेहि उपकारो मित्तो सुहदो वेदितब्बो।
Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo. Pamattaṁ rakkhati, pamattassa sāpateyyaṁ rakkhati, bhītassa saraṇaṁ hoti, uppannesu kiccakaraṇīyesu taddiguṇaṁ bhogaṁ anuppadeti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo.
You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s a helper on four grounds. They guard you when you’re negligent. They guard your property when you’re negligent. They keep you safe in times of danger. When something needs doing, they provide you with twice the money you need. You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s a helper on these four grounds.
चतूहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, ठानेहि समानसुखदुक्खो मित्तो सुहदो वेदितब्बो। गुय्हमस्स आचिक्खति, गुय्हमस्स परिगूहति, आपदासु न विजहति, जीवितंपिस्स अत्थाय परिच्चत्तं होति। इमेहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, चतूहि ठानेहि समानसुखदुक्खो मित्तो सुहदो वेदितब्बो।
Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo. Guyhamassa ācikkhati, guyhamassa parigūhati, āpadāsu na vijahati, jīvitaṁpissa atthāya pariccattaṁ hoti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo.
You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s the same in good times and bad on four grounds. They tell you secrets. They keep your secrets. They don’t abandon you in times of trouble. They’d even give their life for your welfare. You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s the same in good times and bad on these four grounds.
चतूहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, ठानेहि अत्थक्खायी मित्तो सुहदो वेदितब्बो। पापा निवारेति, कल्याणे निवेसेति, अस्सुतं सावेति, सग्गस्स मग्गं आचिक्खति। इमेहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, चतूहि ठानेहि अत्थक्खायी मित्तो सुहदो वेदितब्बो।
Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo. Pāpā nivāreti, kalyāṇe niveseti, assutaṁ sāveti, saggassa maggaṁ ācikkhati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo.
You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s a counselor on four grounds. They keep you from doing bad. They support you in doing good. They teach you what you do not know. They explain the path to heaven. You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s a counselor on these four grounds.
चतूहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, ठानेहि अनुकम्पको मित्तो सुहदो वेदितब्बो। अभवेनस्स न नन्दति, भवेनस्स नन्दति, अवण्णं भणमानं निवारेति, वण्णं भणमानं पसंसति। इमेहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, चतूहि ठानेहि अनुकम्पको मित्तो सुहदो वेदितब्बो”ति।
Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo. Abhavenassa na nandati, bhavenassa nandati, avaṇṇaṁ bhaṇamānaṁ nivāreti, vaṇṇaṁ bhaṇamānaṁ pasaṁsati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo”ti.
You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s compassionate on four grounds. They don’t delight in your misfortune. They delight in your good fortune. They keep others from criticizing you. They encourage praise of you. You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s compassionate on these four grounds.”
इदमवोच भगवा। इदं वत्वान सुगतो अथापरं एतदवोच सत्था:
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṁ vatvāna sugato athāparaṁ etadavoca satthā:
The Buddha spoke this matter. Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:
“उपकारो च यो मित्तो, सुखे दुक्खे च यो सखा; अत्थक्खायी च यो मित्तो, यो च मित्तानुकम्पको।
“Upakāro ca yo mitto, sukhe dukkhe13 ca yo sakhā; Atthakkhāyī ca yo mitto, yo ca mittānukampako.
“A friend who’s a helper, one the same in both pleasure and pain, a friend of good counsel, and one of compassion;
एतेपि मित्ते चत्तारो, इति विञ्ञाय पण्डितो; सक्कच्चं पयिरुपासेय्य, माता पुत्तंव ओरसं; पण्डितो सीलसम्पन्नो, जलं अग्गीव भासति।
Etepi mitte cattāro, iti viññāya paṇḍito; Sakkaccaṁ payirupāseyya, mātā puttaṁva orasaṁ; Paṇḍito sīlasampanno, jalaṁ aggīva bhāsati.
an astute person understands these four friends for what they are and carefully looks after them, like a mother the child at her breast. The astute and virtuous shine like a burning flame.
भोगे संहरमानस्स, भमरस्सेव इरीयतो; भोगा सन्निचयं यन्ति, वम्मिकोवुपचीयति।
Bhoge saṁharamānassa, bhamarasseva irīyato; Bhogā sannicayaṁ yanti, vammikovupacīyati.
They pick up riches as bees roaming round pick up pollen. And their riches proceed to grow, like an ant-hill piling up.
एवं भोगे समाहत्वा, अलमत्तो कुले गिही; चतुधा विभजे भोगे, स वे मित्तानि गन्थति।
Evaṁ bhoge samāhatvā, alamatto kule gihī; Catudhā vibhaje bhoge, sa ve mittāni ganthati.
In gathering wealth like this, a householder does enough for their family. And they’d hold on to friends by dividing their wealth in four.
एकेन भोगे भुञ्जेय्य, द्वीहि कम्मं पयोजये; चतुत्थञ्च निधापेय्य, आपदासु भविस्सती”ति।
Ekena bhoge bhuñjeyya, dvīhi kammaṁ payojaye; Catutthañca nidhāpeyya, āpadāsu bhavissatī”ti.
One portion is to enjoy. Two parts invest in work. And the fourth should be kept for times of trouble.”
१३। छद्दिसापटिच्छादनकण्ड
13. Chaddisāpaṭicchādanakaṇḍa
13. Covering the Six Directions
“कथञ्च, गहपतिपुत्त, अरियसावको छद्दिसापटिच्छादी होति? छ इमा, गहपतिपुत्त, दिसा वेदितब्बा। पुरत्थिमा दिसा मातापितरो वेदितब्बा, दक्खिणा दिसा आचरिया वेदितब्बा, पच्छिमा दिसा पुत्तदारा वेदितब्बा, उत्तरा दिसा मित्तामच्चा वेदितब्बा, हेट्ठिमा दिसा दासकम्मकरा वेदितब्बा, उपरिमा दिसा समणब्राह्मणा वेदितब्बा।
“Kathañca, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvako chaddisāpaṭicchādī hoti? Cha imā, gahapatiputta, disā veditabbā. Puratthimā disā mātāpitaro veditabbā, dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā veditabbā, pacchimā disā puttadārā veditabbā, uttarā disā mittāmaccā veditabbā, heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā veditabbā, uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā veditabbā.
“And how, householder’s son, does a noble disciple cover the six directions? These six directions should be recognized: parents as the east, teachers as the south, partner and children as the west, friends and colleagues as the north, bondservants and workers as beneath, and ascetics and brahmins as above.
पञ्चहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, ठानेहि पुत्तेन पुरत्थिमा दिसा मातापितरो पच्चुपट्ठातब्बा—भतो ने भरिस्सामि, किच्चं नेसं करिस्सामि, कुलवंसं ठपेस्सामि, दायज्जं पटिपज्जामि, अथ वा पन पेतानं कालङ्कतानं दक्खिणं अनुप्पदस्सामीति। इमेहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, पञ्चहि ठानेहि पुत्तेन पुरत्थिमा दिसा मातापितरो पच्चुपट्ठिता पञ्चहि ठानेहि पुत्तं अनुकम्पन्ति। पापा निवारेन्ति, कल्याणे निवेसेन्ति, सिप्पं सिक्खापेन्ति, पतिरूपेन दारेन संयोजेन्ति, समये दायज्जं निय्यादेन्ति। इमेहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, पञ्चहि ठानेहि पुत्तेन पुरत्थिमा दिसा मातापितरो पच्चुपट्ठिता इमेहि पञ्चहि ठानेहि पुत्तं अनुकम्पन्ति। एवमस्स एसा पुरत्थिमा दिसा पटिच्छन्ना होति खेमा अप्पटिभया।
Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhātabbā—bhato ne bharissāmi, kiccaṁ nesaṁ karissāmi, kulavaṁsaṁ ṭhapessāmi, dāyajjaṁ paṭipajjāmi, atha vā pana petānaṁ kālaṅkatānaṁ dakkhiṇaṁ anuppadassāmīti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi puttaṁ anukampanti. Pāpā nivārenti, kalyāṇe nivesenti, sippaṁ sikkhāpenti, patirūpena dārena saṁyojenti, samaye dāyajjaṁ niyyādenti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi puttaṁ anukampanti. Evamassa esā puratthimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
A child should serve their parents as the eastern quarter in five ways, thinking: ‘I will support those who supported me. I’ll do my duty for them. I’ll maintain the family lineage. I’ll take care of the inheritance. When they have passed away, I’ll make an offering on their behalf.’ Parents served by the children in these five ways show compassion to them in five ways. They keep them from doing bad. They support them in doing good. They train them in a profession. They connect them with a suitable partner. They transfer the inheritance in due time. Parents served by their children in these five ways show compassion to them in these five ways. And that’s how the eastern quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.
पञ्चहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, ठानेहि अन्तेवासिना दक्खिणा दिसा आचरिया पच्चुपट्ठातब्बा—उट्ठानेन उपट्ठानेन सुस्सुसाय पारिचरियाय सक्कच्चं सिप्पपटिग्गहणेन। इमेहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, पञ्चहि ठानेहि अन्तेवासिना दक्खिणा दिसा आचरिया पच्चुपट्ठिता पञ्चहि ठानेहि अन्तेवासिं अनुकम्पन्ति—सुविनीतं विनेन्ति, सुग्गहितं गाहापेन्ति, सब्बसिप्पस्सुतं समक्खायिनो भवन्ति, मित्तामच्चेसु पटियादेन्ति, दिसासु परित्ताणं करोन्ति। इमेहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, पञ्चहि ठानेहि अन्तेवासिना दक्खिणा दिसा आचरिया पच्चुपट्ठिता इमेहि पञ्चहि ठानेहि अन्तेवासिं अनुकम्पन्ति। एवमस्स एसा दक्खिणा दिसा पटिच्छन्ना होति खेमा अप्पटिभया।
Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhātabbā—uṭṭhānena upaṭṭhānena sussusāya14 pāricariyāya sakkaccaṁ sippapaṭiggahaṇena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsiṁ anukampanti—suvinītaṁ vinenti, suggahitaṁ gāhāpenti, sabbasippassutaṁ samakkhāyino bhavanti, mittāmaccesu paṭiyādenti, disāsu parittāṇaṁ karonti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsiṁ anukampanti. Evamassa esā dakkhiṇā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
A student should serve their teacher as the southern quarter in five ways: by rising for them, by serving them, by listening well, by looking after them, and by carefully learning their profession. Teachers served by their students in these five ways show compassion to them in five ways. They make sure they’re well educated and well drilled in memorization. They clearly explain all the knowledge of the profession. They introduce them to their friends and colleagues. They provide protection in every region. Teachers served by their students in these five ways show compassion to them in these five ways. And that’s how the southern quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.
पञ्चहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, ठानेहि सामिकेन पच्छिमा दिसा भरिया पच्चुपट्ठातब्बा—सम्माननाय अनवमाननाय अनतिचरियाय इस्सरियवोस्सग्गेन अलङ्कारानुप्पदानेन। इमेहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, पञ्चहि ठानेहि सामिकेन पच्छिमा दिसा भरिया पच्चुपट्ठिता पञ्चहि ठानेहि सामिकं अनुकम्पति—सुसंविहितकम्मन्ता च होति, सङ्गहितपरिजना च, अनतिचारिनी च, सम्भतञ्च अनुरक्खति, दक्खा च होति अनलसा सब्बकिच्चेसु। इमेहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, पञ्चहि ठानेहि सामिकेन पच्छिमा दिसा भरिया पच्चुपट्ठिता इमेहि पञ्चहि ठानेहि सामिकं अनुकम्पति। एवमस्स एसा पच्छिमा दिसा पटिच्छन्ना होति खेमा अप्पटिभया।
Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhātabbā—sammānanāya anavamānanāya15 anaticariyāya issariyavossaggena alaṅkārānuppadānena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikaṁ anukampati—susaṁvihitakammantā ca hoti, saṅgahitaparijanā ca, anaticārinī ca, sambhatañca anurakkhati, dakkhā ca hoti analasā sabbakiccesu. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikaṁ anukampati. Evamassa esā pacchimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
A husband should serve his wife as the western quarter in five ways: by treating her with honor, by not looking down on her, by not being unfaithful, by relinquishing authority to her, and by presenting her with adornments. A wife served by her husband in these five ways shows compassion to him in five ways. She’s well-organized in her work. She manages the domestic help. She’s not unfaithful. She preserves his earnings. She’s deft and tireless in all her duties. A wife served by her husband in these five ways shows compassion to him in these five ways. And that’s how the western quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.
पञ्चहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, ठानेहि कुलपुत्तेन उत्तरा दिसा मित्तामच्चा पच्चुपट्ठातब्बा—दानेन पेय्यवज्जेन अत्थचरियाय समानत्तताय अविसंवादनताय। इमेहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, पञ्चहि ठानेहि कुलपुत्तेन उत्तरा दिसा मित्तामच्चा पच्चुपट्ठिता पञ्चहि ठानेहि कुलपुत्तं अनुकम्पन्ति—पमत्तं रक्खन्ति, पमत्तस्स सापतेय्यं रक्खन्ति, भीतस्स सरणं होन्ति, आपदासु न विजहन्ति, अपरपजा चस्स पटिपूजेन्ति। इमेहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, पञ्चहि ठानेहि कुलपुत्तेन उत्तरा दिसा मित्तामच्चा पच्चुपट्ठिता इमेहि पञ्चहि ठानेहि कुलपुत्तं अनुकम्पन्ति। एवमस्स एसा उत्तरा दिसा पटिच्छन्ना होति खेमा अप्पटिभया।
Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhātabbā—dānena peyyavajjena16 atthacariyāya samānattatāya avisaṁvādanatāya. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṁ anukampanti—pamattaṁ rakkhanti, pamattassa sāpateyyaṁ rakkhanti, bhītassa saraṇaṁ honti, āpadāsu na vijahanti, aparapajā cassa paṭipūjenti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṁ anukampanti. Evamassa esā uttarā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
A gentleman should serve his friends and colleagues as the northern quarter in five ways: giving, kindly words, taking care, equality, and not using tricky words. Friends and colleagues served by a gentleman in these five ways show compassion to him in five ways. They guard him when they’re negligent. They guard his property when they’re negligent. They keep him safe in times of danger. They don’t abandon him in times of trouble. They honor his descendants. Friends and colleagues served by a gentleman in these five ways show compassion to him in these five ways. And that’s how the northern quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.
पञ्चहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, ठानेहि अय्यिरकेन हेट्ठिमा दिसा दासकम्मकरा पच्चुपट्ठातब्बा—यथाबलं कम्मन्तसंविधानेन भत्तवेतनानुप्पदानेन गिलानुपट्ठानेन अच्छरियानं रसानं संविभागेन समये वोस्सग्गेन। इमेहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, पञ्चहि ठानेहि अय्यिरकेन हेट्ठिमा दिसा दासकम्मकरा पच्चुपट्ठिता पञ्चहि ठानेहि अय्यिरकं अनुकम्पन्ति—पुब्बुट्ठायिनो च होन्ति, पच्छा निपातिनो च, दिन्नादायिनो च, सुकतकम्मकरा च, कित्तिवण्णहरा च। इमेहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, पञ्चहि ठानेहि अय्यिरकेन हेट्ठिमा दिसा दासकम्मकरा पच्चुपट्ठिता इमेहि पञ्चहि ठानेहि अय्यिरकं अनुकम्पन्ति। एवमस्स एसा हेट्ठिमा दिसा पटिच्छन्ना होति खेमा अप्पटिभया।
Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi ayyirakena17 heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhātabbā—yathābalaṁ kammantasaṁvidhānena bhattavetanānuppadānena gilānupaṭṭhānena acchariyānaṁ rasānaṁ saṁvibhāgena samaye vossaggena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakaṁ anukampanti—pubbuṭṭhāyino ca honti, pacchā nipātino ca, dinnādāyino ca, sukatakammakarā ca, kittivaṇṇaharā ca. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakaṁ anukampanti. Evamassa esā heṭṭhimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.
A master should serve their bondservants and workers as the lower quarter in five ways: by organizing work according to ability, by paying food and wages, by nursing them when sick, by sharing special treats, and by giving time off work. Bondservants and workers served by a master in these five ways show compassion to him in five ways. They get up first, and go to bed last. They don’t steal. They do their work well. And they promote a good reputation. Bondservants and workers served by a master in these five ways show compassion to him in these five ways. And that’s how the lower quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.
पञ्चहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, ठानेहि कुलपुत्तेन उपरिमा दिसा समणब्राह्मणा पच्चुपट्ठातब्बा—मेत्तेन कायकम्मेन मेत्तेन वचीकम्मेन मेत्तेन मनोकम्मेन अनावटद्वारताय आमिसानुप्पदानेन। इमेहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, पञ्चहि ठानेहि कुलपुत्तेन उपरिमा दिसा समणब्राह्मणा पच्चुपट्ठिता छहि ठानेहि कुलपुत्तं अनुकम्पन्ति—पापा निवारेन्ति, कल्याणे निवेसेन्ति, कल्याणेन मनसा अनुकम्पन्ति, अस्सुतं सावेन्ति, सुतं परियोदापेन्ति, सग्गस्स मग्गं आचिक्खन्ति। इमेहि खो, गहपतिपुत्त, पञ्चहि ठानेहि कुलपुत्तेन उपरिमा दिसा समणब्राह्मणा पच्चुपट्ठिता इमेहि छहि ठानेहि कुलपुत्तं अनुकम्पन्ति। एवमस्स एसा उपरिमा दिसा पटिच्छन्ना होति खेमा अप्पटिभया”ति।
Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhātabbā—mettena kāyakammena mettena vacīkammena mettena manokammena anāvaṭadvāratāya āmisānuppadānena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhitā chahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṁ anukampanti—pāpā nivārenti, kalyāṇe nivesenti, kalyāṇena manasā anukampanti, assutaṁ sāventi, sutaṁ pariyodāpenti, saggassa maggaṁ ācikkhanti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi chahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṁ anukampanti. Evamassa esā uparimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā”ti.
A gentleman should serve ascetics and brahmins as the upper quarter in five ways: by loving deeds of body, speech, and mind, by not turning them away at the gate, and by providing them with material needs. Ascetics and brahmins served by a gentleman in these five ways show compassion to him in six ways. They keep him from doing bad. They support him in doing good. They think of him with kindly thoughts. They teach him what he does not know. They clarify what he’s already learned. They explain the path to heaven. Ascetics and brahmins served by a gentleman in these five ways show compassion to him in these six ways. And that’s how the upper quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.”
इदमवोच भगवा। इदं वत्वान सुगतो अथापरं एतदवोच सत्था:
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṁ vatvāna sugato athāparaṁ etadavoca satthā:
The Buddha spoke this matter. Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:
“मातापिता दिसा पुब्बा, आचरिया दक्खिणा दिसा; पुत्तदारा दिसा पच्छा, मित्तामच्चा च उत्तरा।
“Mātāpitā disā pubbā, ācariyā dakkhiṇā disā; Puttadārā disā pacchā, mittāmaccā ca uttarā.
“Parents are the east, teachers the south, wives and child the west, friends and colleagues the north,
दासकम्मकरा हेट्ठा, उद्धं समणब्राह्मणा; एता दिसा नमस्सेय्य, अलमत्तो कुले गिही।
Dāsakammakarā heṭṭhā, uddhaṁ samaṇabrāhmaṇā; Etā disā namasseyya, alamatto kule gihī.
servants and workers below, and ascetics and brahmins above. By honoring these quarters a householder does enough for their family.
पण्डितो सीलसम्पन्नो, सण्हो च पटिभानवा; निवातवुत्ति अत्थद्धो, तादिसो लभते यसं।
Paṇḍito sīlasampanno, saṇho ca paṭibhānavā; Nivātavutti atthaddho, tādiso labhate yasaṁ.
The astute and the virtuous, the gentle and the articulate, the humble and the kind: they’re the kind who win glory.
उट्ठानको अनलसो, आपदासु न वेधति; अच्छिन्नवुत्ति मेधावी, तादिसो लभते यसं।
Uṭṭhānako analaso, āpadāsu na vedhati; Acchinnavutti medhāvī, tādiso labhate yasaṁ.
The diligent, not lazy, those not disturbed by troubles, those consistent in conduct, the intelligent: they’re the kind who win glory.
सङ्गाहको मित्तकरो, वदञ्ञू वीतमच्छरो; नेता विनेता अनुनेता, तादिसो लभते यसं।
Saṅgāhako mittakaro, vadaññū vītamaccharo; Netā vinetā anunetā, tādiso labhate yasaṁ.
The inclusive, the makers of friends, the bountiful, those rid of stinginess, those who lead, train, and persuade: they’re the kind who win glory.
दानञ्च पेय्यवज्जञ्च, अत्थचरिया च या इध; समानत्तता च धम्मेसु, तत्थ तत्थ यथारहं; एते खो सङ्गहा लोके, रथस्साणीव यायतो।
Dānañca peyyavajjañca, atthacariyā ca yā idha; Samānattatā ca dhammesu, tattha tattha yathārahaṁ; Ete kho saṅgahā loke, rathassāṇīva yāyato.
Giving and kindly words, taking care here, and treating equally in worldly conditions, as befits them in each case; these ways of being inclusive in the world are like a moving chariot’s linchpin.
एते च सङ्गहा नास्सु, न माता पुत्तकारणा; लभेथ मानं पूजं वा, पिता वा पुत्तकारणा।
Ete ca saṅgahā nāssu, na mātā puttakāraṇā; Labhetha mānaṁ pūjaṁ vā, pitā vā puttakāraṇā.
If there were no such ways of being inclusive, neither mother nor father would be respected and honored for what they’ve done for their children.
यस्मा च सङ्गहा एते, सम्मपेक्खन्ति पण्डिता; तस्मा महत्तं पप्पोन्ति, पासंसा च भवन्ति ते”ति।
Yasmā ca saṅgahā18 ete, sammapekkhanti19 paṇḍitā; Tasmā mahattaṁ papponti, pāsaṁsā ca bhavanti te”ti.
But since these ways of being inclusive do exist, the astute do regard them well, so they achieve greatness and are praised.”
एवं वुत्ते, सिङ्गालको गहपतिपुत्तो भगवन्तं एतदवोच: “अभिक्कन्तं, भन्ते, अभिक्कन्तं, भन्ते। सेय्यथापि, भन्ते, निक्कुज्जितं वा उक्कुज्जेय्य, पटिच्छन्नं वा विवरेय्य, मूळ्हस्स वा मग्गं आचिक्खेय्य, अन्धकारे वा तेलपज्जोतं धारेय्य ‘चक्खुमन्तो रूपानि दक्खन्तीऽति; एवमेवं भगवता अनेकपरियायेन धम्मो पकासितो। एसाहं, भन्ते, भगवन्तं सरणं गच्छामि धम्मञ्च भिक्खुसङ्घञ्च। उपासकं मं भगवा धारेतु, अज्जतग्गे पाणुपेतं सरणं गतन्”ति।
Evaṁ vutte, siṅgālako gahapatiputto bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: “abhikkantaṁ, bhante, abhikkantaṁ, bhante. Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṁ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṁ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṁ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṁ dhāreyya ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṁ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṁ, bhante, bhagavantaṁ saraṇaṁ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṁ maṁ bhagavā dhāretu, ajjatagge pāṇupetaṁ saraṇaṁ gatan”ti.
When this was said, Sigālaka the householder’s son said to the Buddha, “Excellent, sir! Excellent! As if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with clear eyes can see what’s there, the Buddha has made the teaching clear in many ways. I go for refuge to the Buddha, to the teaching, and to the bhikkhu Saṅgha. From this day forth, may the Buddha remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”
सिङ्गालसुत्तं निट्ठितं अट्ठमं।
Siṅgālasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ aṭṭhamaṁ.
The authoritative text of the Dīgha Nikāya is the Pāli text. The English translation is provided as an aid to the study of the original Pāli text. [CREDITS »]
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