Substance P

Definition 1

An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of pain, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses. (NCI Thesaurus)

Definition 2

Encoded by human TAC1 Gene (Tachykinin Family) as alternative alpha, beta, delta, and gamma isoforms, Preprotachykinin 1 generates by proteolytic processing the secreted tachykinins: Substance P, Substance K, Neurokinin A, Neurokinin 2, Neuromedin L, Neurokinin Alpha, Neuropeptide K, and Neuropeptide Gamma. Tachykinins are amidated neuropeptides/neurotransmitters that share C-terminal Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met sequence; interact with nerve receptors to excite neurons and evoke behavioral responses; are potent vasodilators and secretagogues; and directly or indirectly contract many smooth muscles. Substance P is produced in nociceptive primary sensory neurons and in many brain regions involved in pain signaling. (NCI Thesaurus)

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