10. Bojjhaṅgavibhaṅgo

1. Suttantabhājanīyavaṇṇanā

466. Idāni tadanantare bojjhaṅgavibhaṅge sattāti gaṇanaparicchedo. Bojjhaṅgāti bodhiyā bodhissa vā aṅgāti bojjhaṅgā. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yā esā dhammasāmaggī yāya lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe uppajjamānāya līnuddhaccapatiṭṭhānāyūhanakāmasukhattakilamathānuyogaucchedasassatābhinivesādīnaṃ anekesaṃ upaddavānaṃ paṭipakkhabhūtāya satidhammavicayavīriyapītipassaddhisamādhiupekkhāsaṅkhātāya dhammasāmaggiyā ariyasāvako bujjhatīti katvā bodhīti vuccati, bujjhati kilesasantānaniddāya uṭṭhahati, cattāri vā ariyasaccāni paṭivijjhati, nibbānameva vā sacchikaroti, tassā dhammasāmaggīsaṅkhātāya bodhiyā aṅgātipi bojjhaṅgā, jhānaṅgamaggaṅgādīni viya. Yo panesa yathāvuttappakārāya etāya dhammasāmaggiyā bujjhatīti katvā ariyasāvako bodhīti vuccati, tassa bodhissa aṅgātipi bojjhaṅgā, senaṅgarathaṅgādayo viya. Tenāhu aṭṭhakathācariyā – ‘‘bujjhanakassa puggalassa aṅgāti vā bojjhaṅgā’’ti.

Apica ‘‘bojjhaṅgāti kenaṭṭhena bojjhaṅgā? Bodhāya saṃvattantīti bojjhaṅgā, bujjhantīti bojjhaṅgā, anubujjhantīti bojjhaṅgā, paṭibujjhantīti bojjhaṅgā, sambujjhantīti bojjhaṅgā’’ti iminā paṭisambhidānayenāpi bojjhaṅgattho veditabbo.

Satisambojjhaṅgotiādīsu pasattho sundaro ca bojjhaṅgo sambojjhaṅgo, satiyeva sambojjhaṅgo satisambojjhaṅgo. Tattha upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇo satisambojjhaṅgo, pavicayalakkhaṇo dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo, paggahalakkhaṇo vīriyasambojjhaṅgo, pharaṇalakkhaṇo pītisambojjhaṅgo, upasamalakkhaṇo passaddhisambojjhaṅgo, avikkhepalakkhaṇo samādhisambojjhaṅgo, paṭisaṅkhānalakkhaṇo upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo. Tesu ‘‘satiñca khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sabbatthikaṃ vadāmī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.234) vacanato sabbesaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ upakārakattā satisambojjhaṅgo paṭhamaṃ vutto. Tato paraṃ ‘‘so tathā sato viharanto taṃ dhammaṃ paññāya pavicinatī’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 150) nayena evaṃ anukkameneva nikkhepapayojanaṃ pāḷiyaṃ āgatameva.

Kasmā panete satteva vuttā, anūnā anadhikāti? Līnuddhaccapaṭipakkhato sabbatthikato ca. Ettha hi tayo bojjhaṅgā līnassa paṭipakkhā, yathāha – ‘‘yasmiñca kho, bhikkhave, samaye līnaṃ cittaṃ hoti, kālo tasmiṃ samaye dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, kālo vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, kālo pītisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāyā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.234). Tayo uddhaccassa paṭipakkhā, yathāha – ‘‘yasmiñca kho, bhikkhave, samaye uddhataṃ cittaṃ hoti, kālo tasmiṃ samaye passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, kālo samādhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, kālo upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāyā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.234). Eko panettha loṇadhūpanaṃ viya sabbabyañjanesu, sabbakammikaamacco viya ca sabbesu rājakiccesu, sabbabojjhaṅgesu icchitabbato sabbatthiko, yathāha – ‘‘satiñca khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sabbatthikaṃ vadāmī’’ti. ‘‘Sabbatthaka’’ntipi pāḷi. Dvinnampi sabbattha icchitabbanti attho. Evaṃ līnuddhaccapaṭipakkhato sabbatthikato ca satteva vuttāti veditabbā.

467. Idāni nesaṃ ekasmiṃyevārammaṇe attano attano kiccavasena nānākaraṇaṃ dassetuṃ tattha katamo satisambojjhaṅgotiādi āraddhaṃ. Tattha idha bhikkhūti imasmiṃ sāsane bhikkhu. Satimā hotīti paññāya paññavā, yasena yasavā, dhanena dhanavā viya satiyā satimā hoti, satisampannoti attho. Paramenāti uttamena; tañhi paramatthasaccassa nibbānassa ceva maggassa ca anulomato paramaṃ nāma hoti uttamaṃ seṭṭhaṃ. Satinepakkenāti nepakkaṃ vuccati paññā; satiyā ceva nepakkena cāti attho.

Kasmā pana imasmiṃ satibhājanīye paññā saṅgahitāti? Satiyā balavabhāvadīpanatthaṃ. Sati hi paññāya saddhimpi uppajjati vināpi, paññāya saddhiṃ uppajjamānā balavatī hoti, vinā uppajjamānā dubbalā. Tenassā balavabhāvadīpanatthaṃ paññā saṅgahitā. Yathā hi dvīsu disāsu dve rājamahāmattā tiṭṭheyyuṃ; tesu eko rājaputtaṃ gahetvā tiṭṭheyya, eko attano dhammatāya ekakova tesu rājaputtaṃ gahetvā ṭhito attanopi tejena rājaputtassapi tejena tejavā hoti; attano dhammatāya ṭhito na tena samatejo hoti; evameva rājaputtaṃ gahetvā ṭhitamahāmatto viya paññāya saddhiṃ uppannā sati, attano dhammatāya ṭhito viya vinā paññāya uppannā. Tattha yathā rājaputtaṃ gahetvā ṭhito attanopi tejena rājaputtassapi tejena tejavā hoti, evaṃ paññāya saddhiṃ uppannā sati balavatī hoti; yathā attano dhammatāya ṭhito na tena samatejo hoti, evaṃ vinā paññāya uppannā dubbalā hotīti balavabhāvadīpanatthaṃ paññā gahitāti.

Cirakatampīti attano vā parassa vā kāyena cirakataṃ vattaṃ vā kasiṇamaṇḍalaṃ vā kasiṇaparikammaṃ vā. Cirabhāsitampīti attanā vā parena vā vācāya cirabhāsitaṃ bahukampi, vattasīse ṭhatvā dhammakathaṃ vā kammaṭṭhānavinicchayaṃ vā, vimuttāyatanasīse vā ṭhatvā dhammakathameva. Saritā hotīti taṃ kāyaviññattiṃ vacīviññattiñca samuṭṭhāpetvā pavattaṃ arūpadhammakoṭṭhāsaṃ ‘evaṃ uppajjitvā evaṃ niruddho’ti saritā hoti. Anussaritāti punappunaṃ saritā. Ayaṃ vuccati satisambojjhaṅgoti ayaṃ evaṃ uppannā sesabojjhaṅgasamuṭṭhāpikā vipassanāsampayuttā sati satisambojjhaṅgo nāma kathīyati.

So tathā sato viharantoti so bhikkhu tenākārena uppannāya satiyā sato hutvā viharanto. Taṃ dhammanti taṃ cirakataṃ cirabhāsitaṃ heṭṭhā vuttappakāraṃ dhammaṃ. Paññāya pavicinatīti paññāya ‘aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā’ti pavicinati. Pavicaratīti ‘aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā’ti tattha paññaṃ carāpento pavicarati. Parivīmaṃsaṃ āpajjatīti olokanaṃ gavesanaṃ āpajjati. Ayaṃ vuccatīti idaṃ vuttappakāraṃ bojjhaṅgasamuṭṭhāpakaṃ vipassanāñāṇaṃ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo nāma vuccati.

Tassa taṃ dhammanti tassa bhikkhuno taṃ heṭṭhā vuttappakāraṃ dhammaṃ. Āraddhaṃ hotīti paripuṇṇaṃ hoti paggahitaṃ. Asallīnanti āraddhattāyeva asallīnaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccatīti idaṃ bojjhaṅgasamuṭṭhāpakaṃ vipassanāsampayuttaṃ vīriyaṃ vīriyasambojjhaṅgo nāma vuccati.

Nirāmisāti kāmāmisalokāmisavaṭṭāmisānaṃ abhāvena nirāmisā parisuddhā. Ayaṃ vuccatīti ayaṃ bojjhaṅgasamuṭṭhāpikā vipassanāsampayuttā pīti pītisambojjhaṅgo nāma vuccati.

Pītimanassāti pītisampayuttacittassa. Kāyopi passambhatīti khandhattayasaṅkhāto nāmakāyo kilesadarathapaṭippassaddhiyā passambhati. Cittampīti viññāṇakkhandhopi tatheva passambhati. Ayaṃ vuccatīti ayaṃ bojjhaṅgasamuṭṭhāpikā vipassanāsampayuttā passaddhi passaddhisambojjhaṅgo nāma vuccati.

Passaddhakāyassa sukhinoti passaddhakāyatāya uppannasukhena sukhitassa. Samādhiyatīti sammā ādhiyati, niccalaṃ hutvā ārammaṇe ṭhapīyati, appanāppattaṃ viya hoti. Ayaṃ vuccatīti ayaṃ bojjhaṅgasamuṭṭhāpikā vipassanāsampayuttā cittekaggatā samādhisambojjhaṅgo nāma vuccati.

Tathā samāhitanti tena appanāppattena viya samādhinā samāhitaṃ. Sādhukaṃ ajjhupekkhitā hotīti suṭṭhu ajjhupekkhitā hoti; tesaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānavaḍḍhane abyāvaṭo hutvā ajjhupekkhati. Ayaṃvuccatīti ayaṃ channaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ anosakkanaanativattanabhāvasādhako majjhattākāro upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo nāma vuccati.

Ettāvatā kiṃ kathitaṃ nāma hoti? Apubbaṃ acarimaṃ ekacittakkhaṇe nānārasalakkhaṇā pubbabhāgavipassanā bojjhaṅgā kathitā hontīti.

Paṭhamo nayo.

468-469. Idāni yena pariyāyena satta bojjhaṅgā cuddasa honti, tassa pakāsanatthaṃ dutiyanayaṃ dassento puna satta bojjhaṅgātiādimāha. Tatrāyaṃ anupubbapadavaṇṇanā – ajjhattaṃ dhammesu satīti ajjhattikasaṅkhāre pariggaṇhantassa uppannā sati. Bahiddhā dhammesu satīti bahiddhāsaṅkhāre pariggaṇhantassa uppannā sati. Yadapīti yāpi. Tadapīti sāpi. Abhiññāyāti abhiññeyyadhamme abhijānanatthāya. Sambodhāyāti sambodhi vuccati maggo, maggatthāyāti attho. Nibbānāyāti vānaṃ vuccati taṇhā; sā tattha natthīti nibbānaṃ, tadatthāya, asaṅkhatāya amatadhātuyā sacchikiriyatthāya saṃvattatīti attho. Dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgepi eseva nayo.

Kāyikaṃ vīriyanti caṅkamaṃ adhiṭṭhahantassa uppannavīriyaṃ. Cetasikaṃ vīriyanti ‘‘na tāvāhaṃ imaṃ pallaṅkaṃ bhindissāmi yāva me na anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuccissatī’’ti evaṃ kāyapayogaṃ vinā uppannavīriyaṃ. Kāyapassaddhīti tiṇṇaṃ khandhānaṃ darathapassaddhi. Cittapassaddhīti viññāṇakkhandhassa darathapassaddhi. Upekkhāsambojjhaṅge satisambojjhaṅgasadisova vinicchayo. Imasmiṃ naye satta bojjhaṅgā lokiyalokuttaramissakā kathitā.

Porāṇakattherā pana ‘ettakena pākaṭaṃ na hotī’ti vibhajitvā dassesuṃ. Etesu hi ajjhattadhammesu sati pavicayo upekkhāti ime tayo attano khandhārammaṇattā lokiyāva honti. Tathā maggaṃ appattaṃ kāyikavīriyaṃ. Avitakkaavicārā pana pītisamādhiyo lokuttarā honti. Sesā lokiyalokuttaramissakāti.

Tattha ajjhattaṃ tāva dhammesu satipavicayaupekkhā ajjhattārammaṇā, lokuttarā pana bahiddhārammaṇāti tesaṃ lokuttarabhāvo mā yujjittha. Caṅkamappayogena nibbattavīriyampi lokiyanti vadanto na kilamati. Avitakkaavicārā pana pītisamādhiyo kadā lokuttarā hontīti? Kāmāvacare tāva pītisambojjhaṅgo labbhati, avitakkaavicārā pīti na labbhati. Rūpāvacare avitakkaavicārā pīti labbhati, pītisambojjhaṅgo pana na labbhati. Arūpāvacare sabbena sabbaṃ na labbhati. Ettha pana alabbhamānakaṃ upādāya labbhamānakāpi paṭikkhittā. Evamayaṃ avitakkaavicāro pītisambojjhaṅgo kāmāvacaratopi nikkhanto rūpāvacaratopi arūpāvacaratopīti nibbattitalokuttaro yevāti kathito.

Tathā kāmāvacare samādhisambojjhaṅgo labbhati, avitakkaavicāro pana samādhi na labbhati. Rūpāvacaraarūpāvacaresu avitakkaavicāro samādhi labbhati, samādhisambojjhaṅgo pana na labbhati. Ettha pana alabbhamānakaṃ upādāya labbhamānakopi paṭikkhitto. Evamayaṃ avitakkaavicāro samādhi kāmāvacaratopi nikkhanto rūpāvacaratopi arūpāvacaratopīti nibbattitalokuttaro yevāti kathito.

Apica lokiyaṃ gahetvā lokuttaro kātabbo; lokuttaraṃ gahetvā lokiyo kātabbo. Ajjhattadhammesu hi satipavicayaupekkhānaṃ lokuttarabhāvanākālopi atthi. Tatridaṃ suttaṃ – ‘‘ajjhattavimokkhaṃ khvāhaṃ, āvuso, sabbupādānakkhayaṃ vadāmi; evamassime āsavā nānusentī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.32 thokaṃ visadisaṃ) iminā suttena lokuttarā honti. Yadā pana caṅkamapayogena nibbatte kāyikavīriye anupasanteyeva vipassanā maggena ghaṭīyati, tadā taṃ lokuttaraṃ hoti. Ye pana therā ‘‘kasiṇajjhāne, ānāpānajjhāne, brahmavihārajjhāne ca bojjhaṅgo uddharanto na vāretabbo’’ti vadanti, tesaṃ vāde avitakkaavicārā pītisamādhisambojjhaṅgā lokiyā hontīti.

Dutiyo nayo.

470-471. Idāni bojjhaṅgānaṃ bhāvanāvasena pavattaṃ tatiyanayaṃ dassento puna satta bojjhaṅgātiādimāha. Tatthāpi ayaṃ anupubbapadavaṇṇanā – bhāvetīti vaḍḍheti; attano santāne punappunaṃ janeti abhinibbatteti. Vivekanissitanti viveke nissitaṃ. Vivekoti vivittatā. So cāyaṃ tadaṅgaviveko, vikkhambhanasamucchedapaṭippassaddhinissaraṇavivekoti pañcavidho. Tattha tadaṅgaviveko nāma vipassanā. Vikkhambhanaviveko nāma aṭṭha samāpattiyo. Samucchedaviveko nāma maggo. Paṭippassaddhiviveko nāma phalaṃ. Nissaraṇaviveko nāma sabbanimittanissaṭaṃ nibbānaṃ. Evametasmiṃ pañcavidhe viveke nissitaṃ vivekanissitanti tadaṅgavivekanissitaṃ samucchedavivekanissitaṃ nissaraṇavivekanissitañca satisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāvetīti ayamattho veditabbo.

Tathā hi ayaṃ satisambojjhaṅgabhāvanānuyogamanuyutto yogī vipassanākkhaṇe kiccato tadaṅgavivekanissitaṃ, ajjhāsayato nissaraṇavivekanissitaṃ, maggakāle pana kiccato samucchedavivekanissitaṃ, ārammaṇato nissaraṇavivekanissitaṃ, satisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti. Pañcavivekanissitampīti eke. Te hi na kevalaṃ balavavipassanāmaggaphalakkhaṇesu eva bojjhaṅgaṃ uddharanti, vipassanāpādakakasiṇajjhānaānāpānāsubhabrahmavihārajjhānesupi uddharanti, na ca paṭisiddhā aṭṭhakathācariyehi . Tasmā tesaṃ matena etesaṃ jhānānaṃ pavattikkhaṇe kiccato eva vikkhambhanavivekanissitaṃ. Yathā ca vipassanākkhaṇe ‘‘ajjhāsayato nissaraṇavivekanissita’’nti vuttaṃ, evaṃ ‘‘paṭippassaddhivivekanissitampi bhāvetī’’ti vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Esa nayo virāganissitādīsu. Vivekatthā eva hi virāgādayo.

Kevalañcettha vossaggo duvidho – pariccāgavossaggo ca pakkhandanavossaggo cāti. Tattha ‘pariccāgavossaggo’ti vipassanākkhaṇe ca tadaṅgavasena maggakkhaṇe ca samucchedavasena kilesappahānaṃ. ‘Pakkhandanavossaggo’ti vipassanākkhaṇe tanninnabhāvena, maggakkhaṇe pana ārammaṇakaraṇena nibbānapakkhandanaṃ. Tadubhayampi imasmiṃ lokiyalokuttaramissake atthavaṇṇanānaye vaṭṭati. Tathā hi ayaṃ sati sambojjhaṅgo yathāvuttena pakārena kilese pariccajati, nibbānañca pakkhandati.

Vossaggapariṇāminti iminā pana sakalena vacanena vossaggatthaṃ pariṇamantaṃ pariṇatañca, paripaccantaṃ paripakkañcāti idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti. Ayañhi bojjhaṅgabhāvanamanuyutto bhikkhu yathā satisambojjhaṅgo kilesapariccāgavossaggatthaṃ nibbānapakkhandanavossaggatthañca paripaccati, yathā ca paripakko hoti, tathā naṃ bhāvetīti. Esa nayo sesabojjhaṅgesupi. Imasmimpi naye lokiyalokuttaramissakā bojjhaṅgā kathitāti.

Suttantabhājanīyavaṇṇanā.