2. Āyatanavibhaṅgo

1. Suttantabhājanīyavaṇṇanā

154. Idāni tadanantare āyatanavibhaṅganiddese suttantabhājanīyaṃ tāva dassento dvādasāyatanāni cakkhāyatanaṃ rūpāyatanantiādimāha. Tattha pāḷimuttakena tāva nayena –

Atthalakkhaṇatāvatva, kamasaṅkhepavitthārā;

Tathā daṭṭhabbato ceva, viññātabbo vinicchayo.

Tattha visesato tāva cakkhatīti cakkhu; rūpaṃ assādeti, vibhāveti cāti attho. Rūpayatīti rūpaṃ; vaṇṇavikāraṃ āpajjamānaṃ hadayaṅgatabhāvaṃ pakāsetīti attho. Suṇātīti sotaṃ. Sappatīti saddo; udāhariyatīti attho. Ghāyatīti ghānaṃ. Gandhayatīti gandho; attano vatthuṃ sūcayatīti attho. Jīvitaṃ avhāyatīti jivhā. Rasanti taṃ sattāti raso; assādentīti attho. Kucchitānaṃ sāsavadhammānaṃ āyoti kāyo. Āyoti uppattideso. Phusīyatīti phoṭṭhabbaṃ. Manatīti mano. Attano lakkhaṇaṃ dhārayantīti dhammā.

Avisesato pana āyatanato, āyānaṃ tananato, āyatassa ca nayanato āyatananti veditabbaṃ. Cakkhurūpādīsu hi taṃtaṃdvārārammaṇā cittacetasikā dhammā sena sena anubhavanādinā kiccena āyatanti uṭṭhahanti ghaṭṭenti vāyamantīti vuttaṃ hoti. Te ca pana āyabhūte dhamme etāni tanonti vitthārentīti vuttaṃ hoti. Idañca anamatagge saṃsāre pavattaṃ atīva āyataṃ saṃsāradukkhaṃ yāva na nivattati tāva nayanteva, pavattayantīti vuttaṃ hoti. Iti sabbepi me dhammā āyatanato āyānaṃ tananato āyatassa ca nayanato ‘āyatanaṃ āyatana’nti vuccanti.

Apica nivāsaṭṭhānaṭṭhena, ākaraṭṭhena, samosaraṇaṭṭhānaṭṭhena , sañjātidesaṭṭhena, kāraṇaṭṭhena ca āyatanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tathā hi loke ‘‘issarāyatanaṃ vāsudevāyatana’’ntiādīsu nivāsaṭṭhānaṃ āyatananti vuccati . ‘‘Suvaṇṇāyatanaṃ rajatāyatana’’ntiādīsu ākaro. Sāsane pana ‘‘manorame āyatane sevanti naṃ vihaṅgamā’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 5.38) samosaraṇaṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Dakkhiṇāpatho gunnaṃ āyatana’’ntiādīsu sañjātideso. ‘‘Tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇāti sati satiāyatane’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 5.23) kāraṇaṃ.

Cakkhurūpādīsu cāpi te te cittacetasikā dhammā nivasanti tadāyattavuttitāyāti cakkhādayo nesaṃ nivāsanaṭṭhānaṃ. Cakkhādīsu ca te ākiṇṇā taṃ nissitattā tadārammaṇattā cāti cakkhādayo nesaṃ ākaro. Cakkhādayo ca nesaṃ samosaraṇaṭṭhānaṃ, tattha tattha vatthudvārārammaṇavasena samosaraṇato. Cakkhādayo ca nesaṃ sañjātideso; taṃ nissayārammaṇabhāvena tattheva uppattito. Cakkhādayo ca nesaṃ kāraṇaṃ, tesaṃ abhāve abhāvatoti. Iti nivāsaṭṭhānaṭṭhena, ākaraṭṭhena, samosaraṇaṭṭhānaṭṭhena, sañjātidesaṭṭhena, kāraṇaṭṭhenāti imehi kāraṇehi ete dhammā ‘āyatanaṃ āyatana’nti vuccanti. Tasmā yathāvuttenatthena cakkhu ca taṃ āyatanañcāti cakkhāyatanaṃ…pe… dhammā ca te āyatanañcāti dhammāyatananti evaṃ tāvettha ‘atthato’ viññātabbo vinicchayo.

‘Lakkhaṇato’ti cakkhādīnaṃ lakkhaṇatopettha viññātabbo vinicchayo. Tāni ca pana nesaṃ lakkhaṇāni heṭṭhā rūpakaṇḍaniddese vuttanayeneva veditabbāni.

‘Tāvatvato’ti tāvabhāvato. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – cakkhādayopi hi dhammā eva. Evaṃ sati dhammāyatanamicceva avatvā kasmā dvādasāyatanāni vuttānīti ce? Cha viññāṇakāyuppattidvārārammaṇavavatthānato. Idha channaṃ viññāṇakāyānaṃ dvārabhāvena ārammaṇabhāvena ca vavatthānato ayameva tesaṃ bhedo hotīti dvādasa vuttāni. Cakkhuviññāṇavīthipariyāpannassa hi viññāṇakāyassa cakkhāyatanameva uppattidvāraṃ, rūpāyatanameva cārammaṇaṃ . Tathā itarāni itaresaṃ. Chaṭṭhassa pana bhavaṅgamanasaṅkhāto manāyatanekadesova uppattidvāraṃ, asādhāraṇañca dhammāyatanaṃ ārammaṇanti . Iti channaṃ viññāṇakāyānaṃ uppattidvārārammaṇavavatthānato dvādasa vuttānīti. Evamettha ‘tāvatvato’ viññātabbo vinicchayo.

‘Kamato’ti idhāpi pubbe vuttesu uppattikkamādīsu desanākkamova yujjati. Ajjhattikesu hi āyatanesu sanidassanasappaṭighavisayattā cakkhāyatanaṃ pākaṭanti paṭhamaṃ desitaṃ. Tato anidassanasappaṭighavisayāni sotāyatanādīni. Atha vā dassanānuttariyasavanānuttariyahetubhāvena bahūpakārattā ajjhattikesu cakkhāyatanasotāyatanāni paṭhamaṃ desitāni. Tato ghānāyatanādīni tīṇi. Pañcannampi gocaravisayattā ante manāyatanaṃ. Cakkhādīnaṃ pana gocarattā tassa tassa anantarāni bāhiresu rūpāyatanādīni. Apica viññāṇuppattikāraṇavavatthānatopi ayameva tesaṃ kamo veditabbo. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ…pe… manañca paṭicca dhamme ca uppajjati manoviññāṇa’’nti (ma. ni. 3.421) evaṃ ‘kamato’pettha viññātabbo vinicchayo.

‘Saṅkhepavitthārā’ti saṅkhepato hi manāyatanassa ceva dhammāyatanekadesassa ca nāmena, tadavasesānañca āyatanānaṃ rūpena saṅgahitattā dvādasāpi āyatanāni nāmarūpamattameva honti.

Vitthārato pana ajjhattikesu tāva cakkhāyatanaṃ jātivasena cakkhupasādamattameva, paccayagatinikāyapuggalabhedato pana anantappabhedaṃ. Tathā sotāyatanādīni cattāri. Manāyatanaṃ tebhūmakakusalākusalavipākakiriyaviññāṇabhedena ekāsītippabhedaṃ, vatthupaṭipadādibhedato pana anantappabhedaṃ. Rūpagandharasāyatanāni samuṭṭhānabhedato catuppabhedāni, saddāyatanaṃ dvippabhedaṃ. Sabhāgavisabhāgabhedato pana sabbānipi anantappabhedāni. Phoṭṭhabbāyatanaṃ pathavīdhātutejodhātuvāyodhātuvasena tippabhedaṃ, samuṭṭhānato catuppabhedaṃ, sabhāgavisabhāgato anekappabhedaṃ. Dhammāyatanaṃ tebhūmakadhammārammaṇavasena anekappabhedanti. Evaṃ saṅkhepavitthārā viññātabbo vinicchayo.

‘Daṭṭhabbato’ti ettha pana sabbānevetāni āyatanāni anāgamanato aniggamanato ca daṭṭhabbāni. Na hi tāni pubbe udayā kutoci āgacchanti, nāpi uddhaṃ vayā kuhiñci gacchanti; atha kho pubbe udayā appaṭiladdhasabhāvāni, uddhaṃ vayā paribhinnasabhāvāni, pubbantāparantavemajjhe paccayāyattavuttitāya avasāni pavattanti. Tasmā anāgamanato aniggamanato ca daṭṭhabbāni. Tathā nirīhato abyāpārato ca. Na hi cakkhurūpādīnaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘aho vata amhākaṃ sāmaggiyā viññāṇaṃ nāma uppajjeyyā’ti, na ca tāni viññāṇuppādanatthaṃ dvārabhāvena vatthubhāvena ārammaṇabhāvena vā īhanti, na byāpāramāpajjanti; atha kho dhammatāvesā yaṃ cakkhurūpādīnaṃ sāmaggiyaṃ cakkhuviññāṇādīni sambhavanti. Tasmā nirīhato abyāpārato ca daṭṭhabbāni. Apica ajjhattikāni suññagāmo viya daṭṭhabbāni dhuvasubhasukhattabhāvavirahitattā, bāhirāni gāmaghātakacorā viya ajjhattikānaṃ abhighātakattā. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘cakkhu, bhikkhave, haññati manāpāmanāpehi rūpehīti vitthāro. Apica ajjhattikāni cha pāṇakā viya daṭṭhabbāni, bāhirāni tesaṃ gocarā viyāti. Evampettha ‘daṭṭhabbato’ viññātabbo vinicchayoti.

Idāni tesaṃ vipassitabbākāraṃ dassetuṃ cakkhuṃ aniccantiādi āraddhaṃ. Tattha cakkhu tāva hutvā abhāvaṭṭhena aniccanti veditabbaṃ. Aparehipi catūhi kāraṇehi aniccaṃ – uppādavayavantato, vipariṇāmato, tāvakālikato, niccapaṭikkhepatoti.

Tadeva paṭipīḷanaṭṭhena dukkhaṃ. Yasmā vā etaṃ uppannaṃ ṭhitiṃ pāpuṇāti, ṭhitiyaṃ jarāya kilamati, jaraṃ patvā avassaṃ bhijjati; tasmā abhiṇhasampaṭipīḷanato, dukkhamato, dukkhavatthuto, sukhapaṭikkhepatoti imehi catūhi kāraṇehi dukkhaṃ.

Avasavattanaṭṭhena pana anattā. Yasmā vā etaṃ uppannaṃ ṭhitiṃ mā pāpuṇātu, ṭhānappattaṃ mā jiratu, jarappataṃ mā bhijjatūti imesu tīsu ṭhānesu kassaci vasavattibhāvo natthi, suññaṃ tena vasavattanākārena; tasmā suññato, assāmikato, akāmakāriyato, attapaṭikkhepatoti imehi catūhi kāraṇehi anattā.

Vibhavagatikato , pubbāparavasena bhavasaṅkantigamanato, pakatibhāvavijahanato ca vipariṇāmadhammaṃ. Idaṃ aniccavevacanameva. Rūpā aniccātiādīsupi eseva nayo. Apicettha ṭhapetvā cakkhuṃ tebhūmakadhammā aniccā, no cakkhu. Cakkhu pana cakkhu ceva aniccañca. Tathā sesadhammā dukkhā, no cakkhu. Cakkhu pana cakkhu ceva dukkhañca. Sesadhammā anattā, no cakkhu. Cakkhu pana cakkhu ceva anattā cāti. Rūpādīsupi eseva nayo.

Imasmiṃ pana suttantabhājanīye tathāgatena kiṃ dassitanti? Dvādasannaṃ āyatanānaṃ anattalakkhaṇaṃ. Sammāsambuddho hi anattalakkhaṇaṃ dassento aniccena vā dasseti, dukkhena vā, aniccadukkhehi vā. Tattha ‘‘cakkhu, attāti yo vadeyya, taṃ na upapajjati. Cakkhussa uppādopi vayopi paññāyati. Yassa kho pana uppādopi vayopi paññāyati ‘attā me uppajjati ca veti cā’ti iccassa evamāgataṃ hoti. Tasmā taṃ na upapajjati – cakkhu attāti yo vadeyya iti cakkhu anattā’’ti (ma. ni. 3.422). Imasmiṃ sutte aniccena anattalakkhaṇaṃ dassesi. ‘‘Rūpaṃ, bhikkhave, anattā. Rūpañca hidaṃ, bhikkhave, attā abhavissa, na yidaṃ rūpaṃ ābādhāya saṃvatteyya; labbhetha ca rūpe – evaṃ me rūpaṃ hotu, evaṃ me rūpaṃ mā ahosīti. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ anattā tasmā rūpaṃ ābādhāya saṃvattati; na ca labbhati rūpe – evaṃ me rūpaṃ hotu, evaṃ me rūpaṃ mā ahosī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.59; mahāva. 20) imasmiṃ sutte dukkhena anattalakkhaṇaṃ dassesi. ‘‘Rūpaṃ, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ, yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ, yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā, yadanattā taṃ netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 3.15) aniccadukkhehi anattalakkhaṇaṃ dassesi. Kasmā? Aniccadukkhānaṃ pākaṭattā.

Hatthato hi taṭṭake vā sarake vā kismiñcideva vā patitvā bhinne ‘aho anicca’nti vadanti. Evaṃ aniccaṃ pākaṭaṃ nāma. Attabhāvasmiṃ pana gaṇḍapiḷakādīsu vā uṭṭhitāsu khāṇukaṇṭakādīhi vā viddhāsu ‘aho dukkha’nti vadanti. Evaṃ dukkhaṃ pākaṭaṃ nāma. Anattalakkhaṇaṃ apākaṭaṃ andhakāraṃ avibhūtaṃ duppaṭivijjhaṃ duddīpanaṃ duppaññāpanaṃ . Aniccadukkhalakkhaṇāni uppādā vā tathāgatānaṃ anuppādā vā paññāyanti. Anattalakkhaṇaṃ vinā buddhuppādā na paññāyati, buddhuppādeyeva paññāyati. Mahiddhikā hi mahānubhāvā tāpasaparibbājakā sarabhaṅgasatthārādayopi ‘aniccaṃ dukkha’nti vattuṃ sakkonti, ‘anattā’ti vattuṃ na sakkonti. Sace hi te sampattaparisāya anattāti vattuṃ sakkuṇeyyuṃ, sampattaparisāya maggaphalapaṭivedho bhaveyya. Anattalakkhaṇapaññāpanañhi aññassa kassaci avisayo, sabbaññubuddhānameva visayo. Evametaṃ anattalakkhaṇaṃ apākaṭaṃ. Tasmā satthā anattalakkhaṇaṃ dassento aniccena vā dassesi, dukkhena vā, aniccadukkhehi vā. Idha pana taṃ aniccadukkhehi dassesīti veditabbaṃ.

Imāni pana lakkhaṇāni kissa amanasikārā appaṭivedhā, kena paṭicchannattā, na upaṭṭhahanti? Aniccalakkhaṇaṃ tāva udayabbayānaṃ amanasikārā appaṭivedhā, santatiyā paṭicchannattā, na upaṭṭhāti. Dukkhalakkhaṇaṃ abhiṇhasampaṭipīḷanassa amanasikārā appaṭivedhā, iriyāpathehi paṭicchannattā, na upaṭṭhāti. Anattalakkhaṇaṃ nānādhātuvinibbhogassa amanasikārā appaṭivedhā, ghanena paṭicchannattā, na upaṭṭhāti. Udayabbayaṃ pana pariggahetvā santatiyā vikopitāya aniccalakkhaṇaṃ yāthāvasarasato upaṭṭhāti. Abhiṇhasampaṭipīḷanaṃ manasikatvā iriyāpathe ugghāṭite dukkhalakkhaṇaṃ yāthāvasarasato upaṭṭhāti. Nānādhātuyo vinibbhujitvā ghanavinibbhoge kate anattalakkhaṇaṃ yāthāvasarasato upaṭṭhāti.

Ettha ca aniccaṃ aniccalakkhaṇaṃ, dukkhaṃ dukkhalakkhaṇaṃ, anattā anattalakkhaṇanti ayaṃ vibhāgo veditabbo. Tattha aniccanti khandhapañcakaṃ. Kasmā? Uppādavayaññathattabhāvā, hutvā abhāvato vā; uppādavayaññathattaṃ aniccalakkhaṇaṃ, hutvā abhāvasaṅkhāto ākāravikāro vā. ‘‘Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkha’’nti vacanato pana tadeva khandhapañcakaṃ dukkhaṃ. Kasmā? Abhiṇhasampaṭipīḷanato; abhiṇhasampaṭipīḷanākāro dukkhalakkhaṇaṃ. ‘‘Yaṃ dukkhaṃ taṃ anattā’’ti pana vacanato tadeva khandhapañcakaṃ anattā. Kasmā? Avasavattanato; avasavattanākāro anattalakkhaṇaṃ. Iti aññadeva aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā, aññāni aniccadukkhānattalakkhaṇāni. Pañcakkhandhā, dvādasāyatanāni, aṭṭhārasa dhātuyoti idañhi sabbampi aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā nāma. Vuttappakārākāravikārā aniccadukkhānattalakkhaṇānīti.

Saṅkhepato panettha dasāyatanāni kāmāvacarāni, dve tebhūmakāni. Sabbesupi sammasanacāro kathitoti veditabbo.

Suttantabhājanīyavaṇṇanā.