Toll-Like Receptor 4

Expressed most in placenta, spleen, and myelomonocytic leukocytes by human TLR4 Gene (TLR Family), isoforms A-D of 96-kDa (precursor) type I membrane protein Toll-Like Receptor 4 contains a TIR domain and 21 LRR repeats. Sharing structural and functional similarities, highly conserved TLRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns expressed on infectious agents and mediate cytokine production necessary for effective immunity. As part of the LPS receptor (with CD14 and LY96), TLR4 mediates the immune response to LPS in gram-negative bacteria. Binding to LY96 via the extracellular domain and to MyD88 and TIRAP via their TIR domains, TLR4 acts via MyD88, TIRAP, and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion, and the inflammatory response. TLR4 Asn-526 and Asn-575 glycosylation seems necessary for the LPS-response. (NCI Thesaurus)

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