6. Udayabbayañāṇaniddesavaṇṇanā

49. Idāni anantaraṃ vuttassa sammasanañāṇassa nānānayehi bhāvanāthirakaraṇena pāraṃ gantvā ṭhitena aniccādito diṭṭhe saṅkhāre udayabbayena paricchinditvā aniccādito vipassanatthaṃ vuttassa udayabbayānupassanāñāṇassa niddese jātaṃ rūpantiādīsu santativasena yathāsakaṃ paccayehi nibbattaṃ rūpaṃ. Tassa jātassa rūpassa nibbattilakkhaṇaṃ jātiṃ uppādaṃ abhinavākāraṃ udayoti, vipariṇāmalakkhaṇaṃ khayaṃ bhaṅgaṃ vayoti, anupassanā punappunaṃ nisāmanā, udayabbaya anupassanāñāṇanti attho. Vedanādīsupi eseva nayo. Jātijarāmaraṇavantānaṃyeva udayabbayassa pariggahetabbattā jātijarāmaraṇānaṃ udayabbayābhāvato jātijarāmaraṇaṃ anāmasitvā jātaṃ cakkhu…pe… jāto bhavoti peyyālaṃ kataṃ. So evaṃ pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ udayabbayaṃ passanto evaṃ jānāti ‘‘imesaṃ khandhānaṃ uppattito pubbe anuppannānaṃ rāsi vā nicayo vā natthi, uppajjamānānampi rāsito vā nicayato vā āgamanaṃ nāma natthi, nirujjhamānānampi disāvidisāgamanaṃ nāma natthi, niruddhānampi ekasmiṃ ṭhāne rāsito nicayato nidhānato avaṭṭhānaṃ nāma natthi. Yathā pana vīṇāya vādiyamānāya uppannassa saddassa neva uppattito pubbe sannicayo atthi, na uppajjamāno sannicayato āgato, na nirujjhamānassa disāvidisāgamanaṃ atthi, na niruddho katthaci sannicito tiṭṭhati, atha kho vīṇañca upavīṇañca purisassa ca tajjaṃ vāyāmaṃ paṭicca ahutvā sambhoti, hutvā paṭiveti, evaṃ sabbepi rūpārūpino dhammā ahutvā sambhonti, hutvā paṭiventī’’ti.

50. Evaṃ saṅkhepato udayabbayadassanaṃ dassetvā idāni vitthārato dassetuṃ pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ udayaṃ passanto kati lakkhaṇāni passatītiādīhi rāsito gaṇanaṃ pucchitvā, pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ udayaṃ passanto pañcavīsati lakkhaṇāni passatītiādīhi rāsitova gaṇanaṃ vissajjetvā, puna rūpakkhandhassa udayaṃ passanto kati lakkhaṇāni passatītiādīhi vibhāgato gaṇanaṃ pucchitvā rūpakkhandhassa udayaṃ passanto pañca lakkhaṇāni passatītiādīhi vibhāgato gaṇanaṃ vissajjetvā, puna rūpakkhandhassa udayaṃ passanto katamāni pañca lakkhaṇāni passatītiādīhi lakkhaṇavibhāgaṃ pucchitvā vissajjanaṃ kataṃ.

Tattha avijjāsamudayā rūpasamudayoti ‘‘purimakammabhavasmiṃ moho avijjā’’ti vuttāya avijjāya sati imasmiṃ bhave rūpassa uppādo hotīti attho. Paccayasamudayaṭṭhenāti paccayassa uppannabhāvenāti attho. Avijjātaṇhākammāni cettha idha paṭisandhihetubhūtā atītapaccayā . Imesu ca tīsu gahitesu saṅkhārupādānāni gahitāneva honti. Āhārasamudayāti pavattipaccayesu kabaḷīkārāhārassa balavattā soyeva gahito. Tasmiṃ pana gahite pavattihetubhūtāni utucittānipi gahitāneva honti. Nibbattilakkhaṇanti addhāsantatikhaṇavasena rūpassa uppādaṃ, uppādoyeva saṅkhatalakkhaṇattā lakkhaṇanti ca vutto. Pañca lakkhaṇānīti avijjā taṇhā kammāhārā nibbatti cāti imāni pañca lakkhaṇāni. Avijjādayopi hi rūpassa udayo lakkhīyati etehīti lakkhaṇāni. Nibbatti pana saṅkhatalakkhaṇameva, tampi saṅkhatanti lakkhīyati etenāti lakkhaṇaṃ.

Avijjānirodhā rūpanirodhoti anāgatabhavassa paccayabhūtāya imasmiṃ bhave avijjāya arahattamaggañāṇena nirodhe kate paccayābhāvā anāgatassa rūpassa anuppādo nirodho hotīti attho. Paccayanirodhaṭṭhenāti paccayassa niruddhabhāvenāti attho. Nirodho cettha anāgatapaṭisandhipaccayānaṃ idha avijjātaṇhākammānaṃyeva nirodho. Āhāranirodhā rūpanirodhoti pavattipaccayassa kabaḷīkārāhārassa abhāve taṃsamuṭṭhānarūpābhāvo hoti. Vipariṇāmalakkhaṇanti addhāsantatikhaṇavasena rūpassa bhaṅgaṃ, bhaṅgoyeva saṅkhatalakkhaṇattā lakkhaṇanti vutto. Idha pañca lakkhaṇānīti avijjātaṇhākammāhārānaṃ abhāvanirodhā cattāri, vipariṇāmo ekanti pañca. Esa nayo vedanākkhanthādīsu. Ayaṃ pana viseso – arūpakkhandhānaṃ udayabbayadassanaṃ addhāsantativasena, na khaṇavasena. Phasso vedanāsaññāsaṅkhārakkhandhānaṃ pavattipaccayo, taṃnirodhā ca tesaṃ nirodho. Nāmarūpaṃ viññāṇakkhandhassa pavattipaccayo, taṃnirodhā ca tassa nirodhoti.

Keci panāhu – ‘‘catudhā paccayato udayabbayadassane atītādivibhāgaṃ anāmasitvāva sabbasāmaññavasena avijjādīhi udetīti uppajjamānabhāvamattaṃ gaṇhāti, na uppādaṃ. Avijjādinirodhā nirujjatīti anuppajjamānabhāvamattaṃ gaṇhāti, na bhaṅgaṃ. Khaṇato udayabbayadassane paccuppannānaṃ uppādaṃ bhaṅgaṃ gaṇhātī’’ti.

Vipassamāno pana vipassako paṭhamaṃ paccayato udayabbayaṃ manasikaritvā vipassanākāle avijjādike caturo dhamme vissajjetvā udayabbayavanteyeva khandhe gahetvā tesaṃ udayabbayaṃ passati, evañca tassa vipassakassa ‘‘evaṃ rūpādīnaṃ udayo, evaṃ vayo, evaṃ rūpādayo udenti, evaṃ ventī’’ti paccayato ca khaṇato ca vitthārena udayabbayaṃ passato ‘‘iti kira ime dhammā ahutvā sambhonti, hutvā paṭiventī’’ti ñāṇaṃ visadataraṃ hoti, saccapaṭiccasamuppādanayalakkhaṇabhedā pākaṭā honti . Yañhi so avijjādisamudayā khandhānaṃ samudayaṃ avijjādinirodhā ca khandhānaṃ nirodhaṃ passati, idamassa paccayato udayabbayadassanaṃ. Yaṃ pana nibbattilakkhaṇavipariṇāmalakkhaṇāni passanto khandhānaṃ udayabbayaṃ passati, idamassa khaṇato udayabbayadassanaṃ. Uppattikkhaṇeyeva hi nibbattilakkhaṇaṃ, bhaṅgakkhaṇe ca vipariṇāmalakkhaṇaṃ.

Iccassevaṃ paccayato ceva khaṇato ca dvedhā udayabbayaṃ passato paccayato udayadassanena samudayasaccaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti janakāvabodhato. Khaṇato udayadassanena dukkhasaccaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti jātidukkhāvabodhato. Paccayato vayadassanena nirodhasaccaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti paccayānuppādena paccayavataṃ anuppādāvabodhato. Khaṇato vayadassanena dukkhasaccameva pākaṭaṃ hoti maraṇadukkhāvabodhato. Yañcassa udayabbayadassanaṃ, maggovāyaṃ lokikoti maggasaccaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti tatra sammohavighātato.

Paccayato cassa udayadassanena anulomo paṭiccasamuppādo pākaṭo hoti ‘‘imasmiṃ sati idaṃ hotī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.404; saṃ. ni. 2.21; udā. 1) avabodhato. Paccayato vayadassanena paṭilomo paṭiccasamuppādo pākaṭo hoti ‘‘imassa nirodhā idaṃ nirujjhatī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.406; saṃ. ni. 2.21; udā. 2) avabodhato. Khaṇato pana udayabbayadassanena paṭiccasamuppannā dhammā pākaṭā honti saṅkhatalakkhaṇāvabodhato. Udayabbayavanto hi saṅkhatā, te ca paṭiccasamuppannāti.

Paccayato cassa udayadassanena ekattanayo pākaṭo hoti hetuphalasambandhena santānassa anupacchedāvabodhato. Atha suṭṭhutaraṃ ucchedadiṭṭhiṃ pajahati. Khaṇato udayadassanena nānattanayo pākaṭo hoti navanavānaṃ uppādāvabodhato. Atha suṭṭhutaraṃ sassatadiṭṭhiṃ pajahati. Paccayato cassa udayabbayadassanena abyāpāranayo pākaṭo hoti dhammānaṃ avasavattibhāvāvabodhato. Atha suṭṭhutaraṃ attadiṭṭhiṃ pajahati. Paccayato pana udayadassanena evaṃdhammatānayo pākaṭo hoti paccayānurūpena phalassuppādāvabodhato. Atha suṭṭhutaraṃ akiriyadiṭṭhiṃ pajahati.

Paccayato cassa udayadassanena anattalakkhaṇaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti dhammānaṃ nirīhakattapaccayapaṭibaddhavuttitāvabodhato. Khaṇato udayabbayadassanena aniccalakkhaṇaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti hutvā abhāvāvabodhato, pubbantāparantavivekāvabodhato ca. Dukkhalakkhaṇampi pākaṭaṃ hoti udayabbayehi paṭipīḷanāvabodhato. Sabhāvalakkhaṇampi pākaṭaṃ hoti udayabbayaparicchinnāvabodhato . Sabhāvalakkhaṇe saṅkhatalakkhaṇassa tāvakālikattampi pākaṭaṃ hoti, udayakkhaṇe vayassa, vayakkhaṇe ca udayassa abhāvāvabodhatoti.

Tassevaṃ pākaṭībhūtasaccapaṭiccasamuppādanayalakkhaṇabhedassa ‘‘evaṃ kira nāmime dhammā anuppannapubbā uppajjanti, uppannā nirujjhantī’’ti niccanavāva hutvā saṅkhārā upaṭṭhahanti. Na kevalañca niccanavāva, sūriyuggamane ussāvabindu viya udakapubbuḷo viya udake daṇḍarāji viya āragge sāsapo viya vijjuppādo viya ca parittaṭṭhāyino māyāmarīcisupinantaalātacakkagandhabbanagarapheṇakadaliādayo viya asārā nissārāti cāpi upaṭṭhahanti. Ettāvatā tena ‘‘vayadhammameva uppajjati, uppannañca vayaṃ upetī’’ti iminā ākārena samapaññāsa lakkhaṇāni paṭivijjhitvā ṭhitaṃ udayabbayānupassanā nāma paṭhamaṃ taruṇavipassanāñāṇaṃ adhigataṃ hoti, yassādhigamā ‘‘āraddhavipassako’’ti saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Imasmiṃ ñāṇe ṭhitassa obhāsādayo dasa vipassanūpakkilesā uppajjanti, yesaṃ uppattiyā akusalo yogāvacaro tesu maggañāṇasaññī hutvā amaggameva ‘‘maggo’’ti gaṇhāti, upakkilesajaṭājaṭito ca hoti. Kusalo pana yogāvacaro tesu vipassanaṃ āropento upakkilesajaṭaṃ vijaṭetvā ‘‘ete dhammā na maggo, upakkilesavimuttaṃ pana vīthipaṭipannaṃ vipassanāñāṇaṃ maggo’’ti maggañca amaggañca vavatthapeti. Tassevaṃ maggañca amaggañca ñatvā ṭhitaṃ ñāṇaṃ maggāmaggañāṇadassanavisuddhi nāma.

Ettāvatā ca pana tena catunnaṃ saccānaṃ vavatthānaṃ kataṃ hoti. Kathaṃ? Nāmarūpapariggahe sati paccayapariggahasambhavato dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇavacaneneva vuttena diṭṭhivisuddhisaṅkhātena nāmarūpavavatthāpanena dukkhasaccassa vavatthānaṃ kataṃ hoti, kaṅkhāvitaraṇavisuddhisaṅkhātena paccayapariggahaṇena samudayasaccassa vavatthānaṃ, udayabbayānupassanena ca khaṇato udayabbayadassanena dukkhasaccassa vavatthānaṃ kataṃ, paccayato udayadassanena samudayasaccassa vavatthānaṃ, paccayato vayadassanena nirodhasaccassa vavatthānaṃ, yañcassa udayabbayadassanaṃ, maggovāyaṃ lokikoti tatra sammohavighātato imissañca maggāmaggañāṇadassanavisuddhiyaṃ vipassato sammā maggassa avadhāraṇena maggasaccassa vavatthānaṃ kataṃ. Evaṃ lokiyena tāva ñāṇena catunnaṃ saccānaṃ vavatthānaṃ kataṃ hotīti.

Udayabbayañāṇaniddesavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.